JPH0629660B2 - Fluidized bed incinerator - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a fluidized bed type incinerator for incinerating substances to be incinerated such as municipal waste.

[Prior Art] In the above fluidized bed incinerator, generally, an object to be incinerated is put on a fluid medium such as sand supplied into the furnace, and air is discharged from a plurality of diffusers arranged in parallel in the furnace. Is made to flow, and the material to be incinerated is dried, pyrolyzed, and burned during this period, and the combustible gas such as decomposed gas generated is thermally burned by secondary air for incineration. When the fluidized medium is fluidized, for example, the air supply paths for the plurality of air diffusers are set to two systems, and the jetting amount of air in the other system is set to be larger than that in one system so that the fluidized state of the fluidized medium is increased. There is a system in which the flow medium is circulated on the air diffuser by making it strong and weak.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] By the way, in the case of such a fluidized bed type incinerator, the fluidized state of the fluidized medium by the diffuser pipes is strong and weak only at the next and next diffuser pipes. However, since the air diffusers on both sides are simply strengthened and weakened alternately, if the amount of incinerated substance put on the fluidized medium is not constant, for example, if the incinerated substance is temporarily When a large amount is thrown in, the incineration object is instantly pyrolyzed and combusted, so that a large amount of decomposed gas is generated and the supply amount of secondary air cannot keep up with the incomplete combustion. Such incomplete combustion is most likely to occur in the case of a fluidized bed furnace of uniform fluidization type in which the air diffusers on both sides have no strength.

[Means for Solving the Problems] The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, in which diffuser pipes are arranged in parallel with each other at fixed positions in a furnace, and flow air is supplied from these diffuser pipes. In a fluidized bed incinerator that incinerates the incinerator while fluidizing the fluidized medium and the incinerator that are supplied into the furnace, and is provided at the end of each of the air diffusers, An opening / closing device that opens and closes to control the flow rate of the flowing air, a drive device that operates these opening and closing devices, and each of the air diffusers are divided into a central portion along the arrangement direction and both side portions, The drive of the drive unit so that the opening degree of the opening / closing device is alternately divided into large and small for each of the air diffuser pipes of both parts and the air diffuser pipes of both sides, and the opening / closing speed thereof is changed gradually or continuously so as to be intermittently changed. And a control device for controlling It

[Operation] By the control device, the amount of jetting of the flowing air from the air diffuser in the central portion and the air diffuser in the both sides are alternately divided into large and small, so that the fluidization of the fluidizing medium is strengthened and weakened. As a result, the incineration object in the fluidized medium is circulated from the central portion to both side portions and from both side portions to the central portion, and as a result, the incineration object is uniformly stirred. Further, in the portion where the fluidization is weak, the incineration object is slowly incinerated, so that the combustion state becomes stable.

[Embodiment] An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3.

In the drawings, reference numeral 1 denotes a furnace body having a rectangular cross section, and sand W as a fluid medium is supplied to the furnace interior 1a. In the furnace body 1,
An input port 2 for inputting a material to be incinerated, an exhaust port 3 for discharging incombustibles together with the sand W, and an exhaust port 4 for discharging combustion exhaust gas are respectively provided.

Below the furnace body 1, a plurality (six in this case) of diffuser tubes 5-10 having nozzles (not shown) formed in the longitudinal direction are arranged along one side of the furnace body 1 in parallel with each other and They are arranged at equal intervals over the entire surface of the inner part 1a. These air diffusers 5-1
No. 0 penetrates through the furnace body 1 and crosses the inside of the furnace 1a. At the outer ends of the diffuser tubes 5-10, the diffuser tubes 5a-10a are provided respectively. A header 11 for supplying air is connected to the inside of 5 to 10. The air sent from the header 11 to the air diffusers 5 to 10 is jetted from the air diffusers 5 to 10 to fluidize the sand W on the air diffusers 5 to 10 and the material to be incinerated, thereby forming a fluidized bed. Form W ₁ .

Each of the valves 5a to 10a opens and closes each of the diffuser tubes 5 to 10 and adjusts the amount of air supplied from the header 11 according to the opening thereof, and the opening / closing operation is performed by the drive device 12. It has become. This drive device 12
May be provided for each valve 5a-10a provided in each air diffuser 5-10, and, for example, three driving devices 12 may be provided, and these driving devices 12 operate two or two or more valves. Thus, a plurality may be provided.

The operation of the driving device 12 is controlled by one control device 1.
The control device 13 is operated to open and close the valves 5a to 10a via the drive device 12.

It should be noted that it is a side wall of the furnace body 1 and has an input port 2 for the incineration object.
Secondary air supply nozzles 15 for supplying secondary air to the freeboard portion 14 above the sand W in the furnace 1a are provided above and below, and at positions facing the charging port 2.

According to the fluidized bed type incinerator having the above-mentioned configuration, the material to be incinerated is put into the sand W from the input port 2 and the diffusing pipes 5 from the header 11 are inserted.
By sending the flow air to 10 to 10,
Air is jetted from 10 to sand W on each diffuser pipe 5 to 10.
And the incinerated matter is combusted while being fluidized.

Here, the opening degrees of the valves 5a to 10a respectively provided in the air diffusers 5 to 10 are divided into large and small via the drive device 12 by the control device 13 to make the fluidized bed W ₁ fluidized. Moreover, it is changed by changing the speed.

Specifically, the valves 7a and 8a of the two central air diffusers 7 and 8
Of the air diffusers 5, 6 and 9, 10a of the air diffusers 5, 6, 9 and 10 on both sides of the air diffuser are small, and the central air diffuser 7,
8 to increase the amount of air blown out. Then, such a pattern of the amount of air ejected from each air diffuser is set to each valve 5
The openings of a to 10a are gradually or continuously changed or intermittently changed to be reversed, so that the fluidization strength of the fluidized bed W ₁ is reversed.

In this way, the fluidization of the fluidized bed W ₁ is made stronger and weaker,
Further, the fluidization of the fluidized bed W ₁ is divided into a central portion and both side portions to change the strength by gradually changing it continuously or intermittently. The material to be incinerated in the fluidized bed W ₁ where the fluidization is strong flows alternately to the fluidized bed W ₁ where the fluidization is weak. For this reason, the incineration object in the fluidized bed W ₁ is uniformly stirred, and in the fluidized bed W ₁ where fluidization is weak, the incineration object and the sand W have a small amount of air, so As it is burned slowly, the combustion becomes stable.

In addition, since the combustion becomes slow in this way, even if a large amount of incineration material is put on the sand W at one time, the combustion does not occur instantly but slowly, so that air is insufficient and incomplete combustion occurs. Is prevented, and efficient and stable combustion can be achieved.

Further, when the incineration object is slowly burned as described above, a part of the incineration object is thermally decomposed to generate a combustible gas, and the combustible gas rises in the freeboard section 14, where The secondary air blown from the secondary air supply nozzle 15 combusts and becomes exhaust gas, which is exhausted from the exhaust port 4.

FIGS. 4 to 6 show another embodiment of the present invention, in which the furnace body 20 of this embodiment has a larger cross-sectional area than the furnace body 1 of the above embodiment, and two discharge ports 21 are provided. And
In addition, reference numerals 22 and 23 in the figure denote an inlet for the incineration object and an exhaust outlet for the exhaust gas, respectively. And below the furnace 20a,
A plurality of (8 in this case) air diffusers 24 to 31 are arranged in parallel to each other and at equal intervals.

Both ends of these air diffusers 24 to 31 penetrate the furnace body 20, and the header 3 for air supply is provided at one end on the outside (end on the left side in the drawing) of the air diffuser via valves 24a to 31a, respectively.
2a is connected to the other end of the air supply header 32b via valves 24b to 31b.

The respective valves 24a to 31a and 24b to 31b are adapted to be opened and closed by the control device 33 via the drive device 34 as in the above-mentioned embodiment.

Further, a partition plate 35 having a communication hole 35a in the center thereof is provided substantially at the center in the longitudinal direction of the in-furnace 20a portion of each of the air diffusers 24 to 31. Note that the communication hole 35a is formed as needed, and it is not necessary to particularly provide this.

According to the air diffusers 24 to 31, the headers 32a, 3
When the air is supplied from 2b, the air is supplied to the partition plate 35.
And becomes more difficult to flow, and jets from one side of each air diffuser pipe 24 to 31 with the partition plate 35 as a boundary.

Therefore, each valve 24a
By making the opening degrees of 24b to 31a and 31b large and small, it is possible to make a large and small difference in the jet amount of air on both sides of the partition plate 33 in each air diffuser tube 24 to 31. Therefore, in the present embodiment, as in the previous embodiment, in addition to being able to impart fluidization strength to the fluidized bed W ₁ in the arrangement direction of the air diffusers 24 to 31, the air diffusers 24 to 31 are also provided. The fluidization of the fluidized bed W _{1 in} the longitudinal direction can be given strength.

[Effects of the Invention] As described above, according to the fluidized bed incinerator of the present invention, diffuser pipes are arranged in parallel with each other at fixed positions in the furnace, and the flow air is ejected from these diffuser pipes. A fluidized bed incinerator that incinerates the incinerator while fluidizing the fluidized medium and the incinerator supplied to the furnace, and is provided at the end of each diffuser to open and close the diffuser. The opening / closing device for adjusting the flow rate of the flowing air, the drive device for operating the opening / closing device, and the air diffusers are divided into a central portion along the arrangement direction and both side portions thereof, and the central portion diffuses. For each trachea and each air diffuser on both sides, the opening degree of the opening / closing device is alternately divided into large and small, and the drive of the drive device is controlled so that the opening / closing speed can be changed gradually or continuously to be intermittently changed. Since it is equipped with a control device, The obtained strength changes and the incinerator in the fluidized medium is agitated uniformly, and in the fluidized medium where fluidization is weak, the incinerator and the fluidized medium have a small amount of air. As a whole, it burns slowly and can stabilize the burning.

[Brief description of drawings]

1 to 3 are views showing an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 1 is a side sectional view thereof, FIG. 2 is a view taken along the line II-II of FIG. 1, and FIG. FIG. 4 is a view taken along the line III-III in FIG. 2, and FIGS. 4 to 6 are views showing another embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a side sectional view thereof, and FIG. Is V in Fig. 4
6 is a view taken along line VI-VI in FIG. 5, and FIG. 6 is a view taken along line -V. 1, 20 ... Furnace body, 1a, 20a ... Inside the furnace, 5-10,
24 to 31 ... Air diffuser, 5a to 10a, 24a and 24b
〜31a ・ 31b …… Valve (opening / closing device), 12,34 ……
Drive device, 13, 33 ... Control device.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. Diffusion tubes are arranged parallel to each other in a fixed position in a furnace, and air for flow is jetted from these diffusing tubes to fluidize a fluidizing medium and an incinerated material supplied to the furnace. In a fluidized bed type incinerator that incinerates incineration while operating, an opening / closing device that is provided at the end of each diffuser pipe and that adjusts the flow rate of the flowing air into the diffuser pipe, and operates these opening / closing devices A drive device, each of the air diffusers is divided into a central portion along the arrangement direction and both side portions thereof, for each of the central air diffuser tube and both side air diffuser tubes,
A control device for controlling the drive of the drive device so that the opening degree of the opening / closing device is divided into large and small alternately, and the opening / closing speed thereof is changed gradually or continuously so as to be changed intermittently. Fluidized bed incinerator.