JPH06245401A - Quick charger for lead storage battery - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To quickly charge a storage battery without damage.deterioration by raising a charging voltage to a higher voltage than a normal voltage to supply a pulsating current, and stopping a charging current when the terminal voltage of the battery becomes a predetermined value or more. CONSTITUTION:When the terminal voltage of a lead storage battery is lower than V1, a first pulsating current becomes a waveform as shown in (A). A shaded part of this view indicates that a current flow is stopped, and the length of a time of this part is so controlled by a current controller of a closed loop that an average current becomes a preset current value. When the terminal voltage becomes the V1 or higher, a pulsation regulator is operated, it is reduced to a current of about 2/3-1/2 of the initially set current, and the waveform becomes as shown in (B). When the terminal voltage becomes V2 (V2>V1), the regulator is operated under different conditions, and a current amount of the pulsating current is reduced at a gradient of about 1/7. The waveform of the pulsating current at this time becomes as shown in (C).

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a rapid charger for lead-acid batteries, a rapid charging method, and a control unit and a programmable logic device that enable rapid charging.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Lead-acid batteries, which are batteries with both performance and economy, are typically used in automobiles (including electric vehicles such as forklifts and golf carts), and are used for industrial and emergency installations without any movement. It is used in various fields.

This lead-acid battery is a so-called secondary battery, but if it is discharged until the terminal voltage drops significantly, it will be difficult to recover its performance on the next charge. When the lead acid battery is charged, the voltage is kept almost constant up to about 70 to 80% of the capacity, but if it exceeds this level, the voltage near the electrode rises and the electrolysis of the electrolyte begins, so / Bubbles are generated from the electrolyte interface. Therefore, there is no problem even if a large current is applied at the beginning of charging, but the battery will be damaged unless the charging current is dropped at the middle and end of charging. When a large current is continuously applied, the electrode surface of the storage battery is charged, but the inside of the battery is not charged, and the charging amount after the charging is stopped and the charging amount inside the electrode is made uniform is 30. In some cases, it is only about%.

For these reasons, charging of lead acid batteries has conventionally been carried out slowly for several hours so as not to damage the batteries.

However, it is very inconvenient to charge a lead-acid battery used in an automobile or the like for a long time. Therefore, a method of charging the lead-acid battery in a shorter time, that is, charging a relatively large current in the initial stage of charging to charge the battery. Attempts have been made to control the charging current by detecting a rise in voltage or a rise in temperature of the electrolytic solution due to electrolysis in the latter period. The charging time of the charging device by this method is limited to about 2 hours.

[0006]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a charging device, a charging method, and a control unit applied to the device, which can charge a lead storage battery in a shorter time without lowering charging efficiency or deterioration of the storage battery. The purpose is to provide.

[0007]

As a result of further study by the inventor of the present invention to shorten the charging time of a lead acid battery, the charging voltage is made higher than usual and a pulsating current is applied, and the terminal voltage of the accumulator is It was found that the battery can be rapidly charged without damaging or deteriorating the battery by reducing the charging current when the battery voltage exceeds a certain level.

That is, according to the present invention, the first voltage comparison device detects that the terminal voltage is V ₁ or more, the second voltage comparison device detects that the terminal voltage is V ₂ or more, and the terminal voltage is V 2. A programmable logic device for a lead-acid battery charger, each of which is provided with a connection part of a pulsating flow controller for adjusting the amount of pulsating current to each set value when it is ₁ or more and less than V ₂ and when it is V ₂ or more. (PLD).

The present invention is also a control unit for a charger of a lead storage battery, which is a first voltage comparing device for detecting that the terminal voltage is V ₁ or more, and detects that the terminal voltage is V ₂ or more. And a pulsating current adjusting device for adjusting the amount of pulsating current to each set value when the terminal voltage is V ₁ or more and less than V ₂ and V ₂ or more. Is provided.

Further, according to the present invention, the terminal voltage of the lead storage battery is V
_When it is less than 1, the first pulsating current is passed, when the terminal voltage is V ₁ or more and less than V _2, the second pulsating current is passed, and when it is V ₂ or more, the third pulsating current is passed. The present invention provides a rapid charging method for lead acid batteries.

The present invention further provides a first voltage comparing device for detecting that the terminal voltage is V ₁ or more, and the terminal voltage is V _1.
A second voltage comparator for detecting that _two or more, and pulsating modulating the terminal voltage is to adjust the current amount of ripple in each of the set value when the and V ₂ or more when less V ₁ or more and V ₂ The present invention provides a control unit including a device and a quick charger for a lead storage battery including an AC control device.

In the present invention, the lead storage battery includes both open type and closed type.

In the present invention, the pulsating flow is a current in a fixed direction and the current sometimes becomes 0. The waveform and the ratio of the time when the current becomes 0 are arbitrary.

In the present invention, the applied voltage applied to the lead acid battery is about twice the terminal voltage of the battery.

In the present invention, V ₁ is the voltage at the time when the electrode surface of the lead storage battery is first charged by charging and the terminal voltage rises (for example, about 13.5 V for a 12 V battery).

In the present invention, V ₂ is a voltage at which damage to the battery cannot be ignored when a voltage higher than this is applied, for example, about 14.8 V for a 12 V battery. In the present invention, the first pulsating current means that the terminal voltage is V
When the value is less than ₁ , it means a pulsating flow formed by the AC control device, and its waveform arbitrarily changes the time when the current stops as shown in FIG. 1 depending on the set average current.

The second pulsating current has a terminal voltage of V ₁ or more and V ₂
When it becomes less than, the pulsating flow controller cuts the time for flowing an electric current at a constant rate, and its waveform is shown in FIG. 2, for example. Further, the third pulsating current is obtained by gradually reducing the time for flowing the current by the action of the pulsating flow regulator when the terminal voltage becomes V ₂ or more. The first pulsating current is usually about 2C to 3C. The pulsating currents of the first pulsating current and the second pulsating current control the energization time to be constant. The third pulsating current is preferably gradually reduced with a predetermined gradient. That is, the time A is ON and the time B is OFF. By repeating this, the ON time is obtained by cutting the waveform of the convection half cycle at a constant rate by the pulsating flow controller. The regulation of these currents is done by the action of the programmable logic device.

In the present invention, an arbitrary rectifier circuit is used as the AC control device, and examples thereof include a half-wave and full-wave rectifier circuit in which smoothing (capacitor) is not inserted.

When the pulsating flow control device is activated, the energizing amount of the second pulsating current is about 50 to 65% of the first pulsating current, and the energizing amount of the third pulsating current is the second pulsating current. The current is gradually reduced from the current to finish.

[0020]

[Function] Since the pulsating current is used for charging the lead storage battery, the charging reaction stored near the electrode diffuses inside the electrode at a point where the current amount is low or 0, so the energization time is shortened. However, overcharging near the electrodes is released.

Since the first and second voltage comparators and the pulsating flow regulator are used, the diffusion of the charging reaction inside the electrodes is ensured even when the charging has progressed considerably.

[0022]

By using the charger equipped with the programmable logic device of the present invention, it has been considered that lead-acid batteries can be charged rapidly, and in the past, they have been inevitable during rapid charging. The generation of bubbles and the degree of overcharge can be significantly reduced, and the charging time can be further shortened without adversely affecting the life of the lead storage battery.

[0023]

Embodiments of the present invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the drawings.

[0024]

[Embodiment 1] FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a quick charger of the present invention including a control unit, a charge output unit for a lead storage battery, and the like. 2 and 3 show the control unit of the present invention. The control unit is configured to include a first voltage comparison device, a second voltage comparison device, a current amplification device, a PLD (programmable logic device), a pulsating flow control device, and the like. Electromotive force 1
The operating conditions for a 2V lead-acid battery are described below.

When the lead storage battery is connected to the charging output section, the terminal voltage of the lead storage battery is measured by the voltmeter and compared with the first voltage comparison device and the second voltage comparison device. V ₁ is 13.5
V and V ₂ are set to 14.8V. When the terminal voltage of the lead storage battery is less than V ₁ , SRC acts and the first pulsating current has a waveform as shown in FIG. 4 (A). The shaded portion in this figure shows the state where the energization is stopped, and the length of time in this portion is controlled by the preset current value and the average current is controlled by the closed loop current control circuit. This is because in the case of an open loop, the internal resistance of the battery may decrease, the terminal voltage may not rise, and there is a risk of runaway.

When the terminal voltage becomes V ₁ or more, the pulsating flow regulator operates. This pulsating flow control device comprises an interrupt current setting device, a down counter and a down slope setting device. When the pulsating flow control device receives a signal having a terminal voltage of V ₁ or more from the first voltage comparison device via the PLD, the pulsating flow control device reduces the current value by about 2/3 to 1/2 of the initially set current. The waveform of the second pulsating current at this time is shown in FIG.

When the terminal voltage becomes V ₂ or more, similarly to the above, the pulsating flow control device operates under different conditions, the voltage is switched by SRC, and the pulsating current amount is reduced at a gradient of about 1/7. . The waveform of the third pulsating current at this time is shown in FIG.
It shows in (C). The AC controller is a fuseless type.
It is composed of a breaker (NB), an electromagnetic contactor (Mg), a main transformer, silicon rectifiers (SD1, SD2), and a silicon rectifier with control (SCR1, SCR2).

The terminal voltages of lead acid batteries are V ₁ and V ₂ respectively.
When it reaches, the indicator lamp attached to the charger lights up. Further, the charging stop switch is activated about 7 to 15 minutes after the terminal voltage reaches V ₂ , and the charging is set to end. The time required for charging is 6
It was 0 minutes.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a quick charger of the present invention.

FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of a control unit of the present invention.

FIG. 3 shows a circuit diagram of a control unit of the present invention.

FIG. 4 shows a pulsating flow waveform applied to a lead storage battery.

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A first voltage comparator the terminal voltage is detected to be at V ₁ or more, a second voltage comparator for detecting that the terminal voltage is V ₂ or more, and the terminal voltage is V ₁ or more and V less than ₂ times and V ₂ or more pulsating flow regulating device each comprise a lead-acid battery comprising the chargers programmers Le logic device connection portion for adjusting the amount of current ripple in each of the set value when the (PLD). 2. A control unit for a lead-acid battery charger, comprising a first voltage comparator for detecting a terminal voltage of V ₁ or higher, and a second voltage for detecting a terminal voltage of V ₂ or higher. A comparator and a pulsating flow controller for adjusting the amount of pulsating current to each set value when the terminal voltage is V ₁ or more and less than V ₂ and V ₂ or more are connected to a programmable logic device. control unit. 3. If the terminal voltage of the lead storage battery is less than V ₁ , the first
A rapid flow of a lead-acid battery characterized in that a pulsating current is passed, a second pulsating current is passed when the terminal voltage is V ₁ or more and less than V ₂ , and a third pulsating current is passed when the terminal voltage is V ₂ or more. How to charge. Wherein the first voltage comparator the terminal voltage is detected to be at V ₁ or more, a second voltage comparator for detecting that the terminal voltage is V ₂ or more, and the terminal voltage is V ₁ or more and V when less than ₂ and V ₂ or more fast charger for lead acid batteries comprising comprises a control unit and the AC control device comprising comprises a pulsating flow adjusting device for adjusting the amount of current ripple in each of the set value when.