JPH0622610B2 - Ultra ▲ Overload control device - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an apparatus capable of continuously and accurately measuring the weight of ultrafiltration fluid in a dialysis apparatus such as blood.

[Conventional technology]

Generally, in a medical dialysis system, substance exchange is performed between blood and dialysate, and removal of excess water in blood is one of the important purposes.

Conventionally, during the removal of water, without reducing the efficiency of dialysis, that is, a device for removing water from the blood flow path while supplying fresh dialysate without recirculating exhaust dialysate, that is, a device for measuring and controlling ultraperfusate, As a method, for example, JP-A-52-72379, JP-A-53-107198, and JP-A-59-
64059 gazette, and further "Measurement and control" 22 ,
[4], Sho 58-4, p. It was known by 388 etc.

Of these, the dialysis device described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 59-64059 (hereinafter simply referred to as a conventional device) is the closest to the present invention, and this conventional device will be described below with reference to FIG.

This conventional apparatus has a preparation mode, a steady mode, and a weighing mode, and is an apparatus for measuring an ultraexcess amount by sequentially switching in this order.

Preparation Mode The fresh dialysate sent from the supply device 4 is introduced into the left chamber of the measuring tank 2 via the solenoid valve V ₁ . The measuring tank 2 is divided into a left chamber and a right chamber by the inelastic membrane 3, and the fresh dialysate in the left chamber is partially accumulated in the left chamber by moving the membrane 3 to the right chamber, while the surplus fraction is accumulated. Is discharged from the left ventricle. Further, the fresh dialysate flows into the dialyzer 1 through the liquid delivery pump 5, the flow meter 6, and the constant flow valve V ₂ .

The discharged dialysate discharged from the dialyzer 1 is sucked by the negative pressure pump 7 and discharged through the three-way solenoid valve V ₅ to the outside of the system.

The discharged dialysate in the right chamber of the measuring tank 3 is extruded along with the movement of the membrane 3 to the right chamber, and is similarly discharged to the outside of the system via the electromagnetic valve V ₄ .

At this time, a blood pressure sensor (not shown) provided in the blood line (indicated by A and V in the figure) and a dialysate pressure sensor 9 connected to the dialysate outlet of the dialyzer 1.
Signal is sent together to the microprocessor 8 so that the transmembrane pressure difference between the two becomes equal to the preset transmembrane pressure difference.
The rotation speed of the negative pressure pump 7, that is, the negative pressure on the dialysate side of the dialyzer 1 is adjusted.

Steady Mode When the left chamber of the measuring tank 2 is filled with fresh dialysate, that is, when the non-elastic membrane 3 is in close contact with the right wall, it is switched to the steady mode.
The amount of dialysate passing through the dialyzer 1 is approximately equal to the amount of liquid delivered from the supply device 4, and the rotational speed of the negative pressure pump 7 is adjusted so that the transmembrane pressure difference becomes the set value. It

Metering Mode Next, when a certain dialysis time in the steady mode has elapsed, the mode is switched to the ultra-excess metering mode.

At this time, the solenoid valve V ₁ is closed, the three-way solenoid valve V ₅ is connected to the measuring tank 2 side, and the liquid feed pump 5 is started.

Therefore, a circuit including the left chamber of the measuring tank 2, the liquid feed pump 5, the dialyzer 1, and the negative pressure pump 7 is formed.

Therefore, the right chamber of the dialyzer 1 is filled with the same amount of dialysate that was filled in the left chamber, and only the amount of water removed from the blood side in the dialyzer 1 by the negative pressure pump 7 is stored in the manometer 10. Accumulated in.

The increase of the manometer 10 within this fixed time is the head pressure gauge 1
It was a dialysis device that obtains the above-mentioned ultraperfusion amount by detecting in 1.

[Problems to be solved by the invention]

However, the above conventional device has the following problems.

The amount of water removed by the conventional device is 0.7 ml per minute.
It is a very small amount from 16.7 ml and the range of this actual measured amount is wide. A very thin manometer is required to detect such a minute amount of ultracapacity as a change in the head pressure of the manometer, and errors such as water droplets that have adhered to the pipe wall and are not discharged cannot be ignored. Therefore, in order to secure a wide range of water removal, the manometer must be elongated, and it is difficult to store the manometer in the dialysis machine. It may damage the device and cause an error.

In the conventional device, the sudden pressure change described below occurs, and it is extremely difficult to sufficiently adjust this with the ultra-overpressure control system, and it is difficult to perform highly accurate ultra-overpressure control.

A. If the supply pressure of the dialysate by the supply device 4 fluctuates, this directly leads to a change in the pressure of the dialysate supply line, which results in a fluctuation in the moving speed of the membrane 3, and a pressure loss in the pipe after the three-way solenoid valve V _5. This leads to a change, and eventually the discharge pressure of the negative pressure pump 7 fluctuates.

B. Since the membrane 3 does not move when the mode is switched to the steady mode, the pressure in the left chamber of the tank 2 which has been substantially atmospheric pressure in the past sharply rises to almost the supply pressure from the supply device 4.

C. Further, when the metering mode is switched to, the solenoid valve V ₃ is opened, so that the pressure in the left chamber of the tank 2 instantaneously becomes almost atmospheric pressure, and then the booster pump 5 starts to operate.
Large pressure changes occur.

D. Although the booster pump 5 is stopped in the steady mode, it is difficult to apply the booster pump 5 to a high ultradialysis dialyzer recently started to be used. Because in such a dialyzer, the pressure on the dialysate side also becomes positive, but in the conventional device, since the booster pump 5 is stopped, the dialysate is treated with the dialysate because it causes the resistance of the dialysate channel. This is because a stable positive pressure cannot be obtained because the solution is supplied to the dialyzer only with the liquid supply pressure of the supply source.

E. In general, the correlation between the ultraoverpressure and the ultrasuperfluid amount is not a linear line passing through the origin but an approximate line passing through the origin as seen in JP-A-60-158865. Therefore, there is a problem in that the desired amount of ultra-perfusate cannot be obtained by the ultra-overpressure calculation formula found in the conventional device publication.

Although it is possible to accurately control the ultraexcessive amount, a large number of switching valves and metering pumps with complicated mechanisms are required, resulting in lack of device reliability and high cost.

The total amount of dialysate passes through the measuring tank 2. However, since the dialysate-side flow path of the dialyzer is operated under negative pressure, gas is generated, and the measuring tank 2 is circulated during circulation of the dialysate. It cannot be accurately measured by mixing in the right ventricle.

The object of the present invention is the problems of the above conventional apparatus, in particular the reliability of the method for measuring the amount of water removed is low, it is difficult to control the extreme overpressure with high accuracy and stability, and the measurement mechanism is complicated. It is intended to provide a small-sized and inexpensive ultra-excess amount control device which has high measurement accuracy and reliability of ultra-excess amount by solving the above problems.

[Means for solving problems]

The present invention has the following configurations. That is, (1) (a) a dialyzer consisting of a blood flow path and a dialysate flow path, and a dialysis membrane that distinguishes these flow paths and draws out ultrafiltration fluid from the blood flow path to the dialysate flow path. (B) a blood pressure measuring detector provided in the blood flow path, (c) a supply liquid cutoff valve for cutting off the supply of dialysate to the dialyzer, and (d) a primary chamber with a movable diaphragm. After passing through the measuring tank divided into a secondary chamber and (e) the supply liquid cutoff valve, one is branched and connected to the primary chamber of the measuring tank, and the other is connected to the inlet of the dialyzer. A dialysate inlet, (f) a dialysate pressure detector provided in the dialysate inlet and / or dialysate outlet of the dialyzer, and (g) a negative pressure in the dialysate channel of the dialyzer. And (h) the transmembrane pressure detected by the blood side pressure detector and the dialysate side pressure detector matches the specified transmembrane pressure difference. Transmembrane pressure difference control means for controlling the negative pressure pump, (i) a drainage cutoff valve for cutting off the discharge of the dialysate discharged from the dialyzer, and (v) the supply cutoff valve and drainage. Switching means for intermittently switching the shut-off valve, and (l) connected to the outlet of the dialyzer, after passing through the negative pressure pump, one is branched and connected to the secondary chamber of the measuring tank,
On the other hand, in an ultracapacity control device consisting of a dialysate outlet passage leading to a drainage shutoff valve, (e) a constant flow valve provided in the dialysate inlet passage, (w) the dialyzer and the drainage shutoff Between the valve and a valve, and a weight measuring unit including a load cell for measuring the weight of the ultrapermeate drawn out from the blood flow path to the dialysate flow path through the dialysis membrane. A characteristic ultra-high-volume control device.

(2) The weight measuring means includes: (a) a load cell fixed to a fixed height position; and (b) a flexible bag-like container having an opening portion suspended from the load cell and having an upper end communicating with the atmosphere. Or a flexible bag-like closed container; (c) a flexible tube having one end connected to the lower end of the flexible bag-like container and the other end connected to the dialysate outlet path; The ultra-high limit control device according to claim 1, further comprising a weight controller that processes a weight detection value from the load cell and transmits the detection value to the transmembrane pressure difference control means.

[Action]

ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION The constant flow valve of this invention adjusts the flow rate fluctuation of the fresh dialysate generated in the primary side flow path of the constant flow valve to a constant value, and adjusts the flow rate of the fresh dialysate flowing into the dialyzer to a preset flow rate. .

Then, the dialyzed fluid that has been ultrapassed by the negative pressure pump is stored in the right ventricle of the measuring tank from the dialysate outlet, and the same amount of dialyzed fluid as fresh dialysate flows into the left ventricle, resulting in excess dialyzed dialysate. The liquid, that is, the amount of water removed, flows into the weight measuring means, and the weight of only the excess amount (water removed) is measured by the load cell.

〔Example〕

An embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIGS.

FIG. 1 is a flow sheet of the device according to the present invention.
A dialyzer is a blood side flow path A through a dialysis membrane (not shown), and a dialysate introduction path B which is a flow path from the supply device 22 to an inlet port (not shown) of the dialyzer 21. , Dialyzer 21
Is connected to a dialysate outlet channel C which is a channel from an outlet port (not shown) to the drainage shutoff valve 32.

The following equipment is connected to the dialysate introduction path B.

That is, the dialysate supply devices 22 and 23 for preparing and preparing fresh dialysate in advance are supply liquid cutoff valves that are opened and closed by a control signal from the switching means 24. Reference numeral 25 is a constant pressure valve for preventing the supply pressure fluctuation of the fresh dialysate supplied by the supply device 22 from directly affecting the dialyzer 1 and keeping it constant.
The type of the constant pressure valve 25 is a self-powered pressure regulating valve that operates based on a preset pressure with the internal pressure of the dialysate introduction path B as a pilot pressure, but it can be controlled by a controller (not shown). More preferably, it is an automatic pressure control valve that is opened and closed. 26 is a booster pump, which is a constant pressure valve 25.
In order to stably supply the fresh dialysate discharged from the pump, the pump for further increasing the pressure is preferably used, for example, a centrifugal pump or a gear pump. 27 is a measuring tank, and a left chamber for temporarily storing fresh dialysate with an elastic membrane 28,
It is divided into two parts without communicating with the right ventricle that temporarily stores the waste dialysate. Further, a branch pipe H communicating with the dialysate introduction path B between the constant pressure valve 225 and the booster pump 26 is connected from the right chamber of the measuring tank 27, and a discharged dialysate flow channel described later is provided from the left chamber. A branch E communicating with C is connected. Reference numeral 48 is a constant flow valve for keeping the flow rate of the fresh dialysate constant, and has the same structure as a mechanical self-powered flow rate control valve generally used in the industrial field, regardless of the change of the negative pressure pump 49. The supply rate of the dialysate to the dialyzer 21 (normally 500 ml / min) is controlled to be constant. 29
Is a flow meter.

The dialysate discharge path C is a flow path for discharging the discharged dialysate and the liquid passed through the dialyzer 21 to the outside of the system, and the equipment described below is connected to the flow path C.

That is, 49 is a negative pressure pump for generating a negative pressure in the dialysate flow path of the dialyzer 21, 30 is a dialysate pressure sensor for detecting this negative pressure, 31 is a blood pressure sensor 40,
It is a microprocessor that sends a control signal to the negative pressure pump 49 in order to keep the differential pressure (hereinafter referred to as transmembrane differential pressure) of the pressure detected by the dialysate pressure sensor 30 constant.

The dialysate pressure sensor 30 may be provided in one or both of the dialysate introduction path B and the dialysate introduction path C depending on the required dialysate pressure accuracy. The drainage dialysate side flow path C passing through the negative pressure pump 49 is connected to a drainage cutoff valve 32 for blocking the drainage dialysate flown through the drainage dialysate flow path C after joining at the branch point F with the branch pipe E. Has been done. Reference numeral 24 is a controller that sends a control signal to the supply liquid cutoff valve 23 and the drainage cutoff valve 32 to open and close both valves at regular intervals.

Reference numeral 33 is a weight measuring means for measuring the amount of water removed from the blood side flow path A through the dialysis membrane to the dialysate outlet path C, which means 33 includes a load cell 34 and a metering bag 3.
5, a flexible tube 36, and a weight controller 37.

FIG. 5 is a peripheral view of the weighing bag 35, which is shown in FIG.
Shows the state in which the dewatered liquid is not stored in this bag, and FIG. 6B shows the state in which the dewatered liquid is connected to the lower end and flows from the flexible tube 36 and is stored. Show. Although not shown, the load cell 34 is fixed at a fixed height position, and a hook 38 is fixed to the lower movable portion. This load cell 34 has a measurement accuracy of ± 2 to 4 with respect to a general ultra excess amount of 200 to 5000 cc.
The weight of water removed can be measured with high accuracy of about%.

The weighing bag 35 is suspended on the hook 38 of the load cell 34 and expands freely when the inside is filled with a liquid. For example, a sealing made of a flexible elastic film made of, for example, silicone rubber or soft vinyl chloride resin. It is a bag. The flexible tube 36 has one end connected to the lower end of the measuring bag 35 and the other end connected to the dialysate outlet C, for example,
It is a flexible tube such as a nylon tube or a silicon tube. The weight controller 37 is a controller that displays the detected weight of the load cell 34 and sends an alarm signal when the weight exceeds the specified weight.

Next, the operation of this device will be described with reference to FIGS. 2 (A) to (C).

(A) is a preparatory mode that is a preparatory stage before shifting to a normal mode which is a normal ultraover operation, B is a stationary mode in which ultrafiltration operation is constantly performed, and C is a fixed time. It is a figure which shows the weighing mode which measures the ultra-excess amount after progress.

The thick lines in the figure indicate that the dialysate flows in and out in the flow paths of each mode.

Preparation Mode In the preparation mode (FIG. A), both the supply liquid cutoff valve 23 and the drainage cutoff valve 32 are set to the open state in advance.

The fresh dialysate flowing out of the dialysate supply device 22 is supplied to the supply liquid cutoff valve 23 and adjusted to a constant delivery pressure by the constant pressure valve 25, and then a part of the fresh dialysate flows to the booster pump 26. Flows into the right chamber of the low measuring tank 27 through the branch point G and the branch pipe H until the elastic film 28 comes into close contact with the left wall of the measuring tank 27. (In this case, the remaining discharged dialysate in the left chamber of the measuring tank 27 is discharged to the dialysate outlet C through the elastic membrane 28.) While the right chamber is filled with fresh dialysate, the remaining fresh dialysate is filled. The supply pressure of the liquid is further increased by the pressure increasing pump 26, and then the inflow amount into the dialyzer 21 is adjusted by the constant flow valve 48, and then the liquid flows into the dialyzer 21 via the flow meter 29.

In this dialyzer 21, the negative pressure pump 49 maintains the dialysate measuring channel C at a specified negative pressure, so that an ultra-overaction occurs, and the amount of water removed from the blood side channel is further added to the dialysate. Both flow into the exhaust dialysate flow path C.

At this time, the negative pressure pump 49 is controlled by the microprocessor 31 so that the transmembrane pressure difference matches a preset transmembrane pressure in order to keep the water removal capability of the penetrator 21 constant. It

The discharged dialysate that has passed through the dialyzer 21 and the negative pressure pump 49 merges with the liquid that has been extruded from the left chamber of the measuring tank 27, and the drain cutoff valve 3
It is discharged to the outside of the system via 2.

Steady-State Mode In the steady-state mode of FIG. 3B, the supply liquid cutoff valve 23 and the drainage cutoff valve 32 are both open, the elastic membrane 28 in the measuring tank 27 is in close contact with the left wall, and the fresh dialysate has a constant flow rate. This is a mode in which ultrafiltration is constantly continued at a constant transmembrane pressure.

Metering mode After a certain period of time has passed since the ultra-shortage in the steady mode of FIG. (B), the supply liquid cutoff valve 23 and the drainage cutoff valve 32 are closed by the instruction of the microprocessor 31, and the measurement mode of FIG. Transition.

While the supply of the fresh dialysate from the dialysate supply device 22 is cut off by closing the supply liquid cutoff valve 23, the negative pressure by the negative pressure pump 49 is applied to the dialysate outlet path C, so that the measuring tank 27 of the measuring tank 27 is supplied. The fresh dialysate temporarily stored in the right chamber is supplied to the dialyzer 21 through the branch pipe H and the dialysate introduction path B and subjected to ultrafiltration. The amount of water removed by ultrafiltration from the blood-side flow path A to the dialysate flow path and the discharged dialysate are pushing the elastic membrane 28 of the measuring tank 27 to the right because the drain cutoff valve 32 is closed. The same amount of fresh dialysate as the fresh dialysate stored in the right chamber flows into the left chamber, and the excess drainage solution, that is, the amount of water removed, passes through the flexible tube 36 and the measuring bag 35.
Flow into.

Here, the load cell 3 immediately after shifting to the weighing mode
The weight output value of No. 4 and the pressure state of the discharged dialysate in the dialysate outlet channel C by the dialysate pressure sensor 30 will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 3 (A) and 3 (B).

Point (a) in FIG. 3 (B) indicates that the dialysate pressure instantaneously decreases because the discharge pressure of the negative pressure pump 49 decreases at the moment when the steady mode is switched to the metering mode. .

(The reason is that there is some flow resistance of the dialysate outlet path C including the atmospheric pressure + drainage cutoff valve 32 in the steady mode.
In the metering mode, both the primary side and the secondary side of the negative pressure pump 49 are shut off, but since the discharged dialysate storage space is provided in the measuring tank 27 and the measuring bag 35, the flow path resistance is low and the atmospheric pressure is momentary. Because it goes down to. ) Therefore, the amount of ultrafiltration fluid increases as shown at point (a) in Fig. (A), but the pressure control system follows after a few seconds, so the specified pressure as shown at point (b) in Fig. (B). Return to P.

Next, at the point (c) in FIG. (A) in which the right chamber of the measuring tank 27 is completely filled with the discharged dialysate, the suction side of the negative pressure pump 49 is in a deadline state, so that the dialyzer 21 has an excessive amount of shadow. Pressure is applied, and excessive ultrafiltration is performed as indicated by point (c) in FIG. (A), and the dialysate pressure also instantaneously decreases as indicated by point (c) in FIG.

Therefore, after several seconds have elapsed since the metering mode was entered, the weighing starts from point (b) in FIG. (A), and point (d) in FIG. (A) before the measuring tank 27 is completely filled with the discharged dialysate. By measuring the change in the weight of the load cell 34 up to, it is possible to measure the amount of water removal with high accuracy while avoiding unnecessary dialysate pressure fluctuations.

The weight detected by the load cell 34 shown in FIGS. 3 (b) to 3 (d) is divided by the time in this period to obtain the amount of extra liquor per unit time.

Next, the weight of the weighing bag 35 detected by the load cell 34 is sent to the weight controller 37. The weight controller 37 cumulatively displays the actual amount of water removed by excluding the tare weight of the preset measuring bag 35 and the flexible tube 36 itself, and transmits this weight signal to the microprocessor 31. Microprocessor 31 receiving this weight signal
Changes the specified negative pressure if the amount of water removed per unit time, that is, the ultra-excess amount, is an abnormal value. The amount of water removed from the dialyzer 21 is equal in the right chamber and the left chamber of the measuring tank 27,
As for the fresh dialysate stored in the right chamber of the measuring tank 27 before the steady mode, a considerable amount of drained liquid flows into the left chamber, and at the same time, drained dialysate corresponding to the amount of water removed flows into the measuring bag 35.
The transmembrane pressure difference in this metering mode is also prepared and adjusted by the microprocessor 31 so as to be the same as that in the steady mode. Therefore, the ultrafiltration solution corresponding to the membrane performance of the dialyzer 21 and the transmembrane pressure difference. The amount is transferred to the dialysate outlet path C.

When the metering mode ends, the supply liquid cutoff valve 23 and the drainage cutoff valve 32 are opened to shift to the preparation mode, and a part of the fresh dialysate that has passed through the supply liquid cutoff valve 23 is stored in the right side of the measurement tank 27. Since it flows into the room, the exhaust dialysate filled in the left chamber of the elastic membrane 28 is flushed to the exhaust dialysate outlet channel C, and the dewatering accumulated in the metering bag 35 has an internal pressure of the metering bag 35 higher than the atmospheric pressure. Therefore, it is naturally dropped into the discharged dialysate outlet path C and discharged to the outside of the system.

In this way, the above three cycles are sequentially repeated,
Normal dialysis is performed.

In the device of the present invention configured as described above, the set transmembrane pressure difference (TMPs) can be obtained from the measured ultracapacity (Qn) by the following arithmetic expression.

_{TMP N = PBBn-PDn-A} Q V = f (Qn) TMPs = (Qs / Q V) × TMPP N However, TMP _N: Current transmembrane pressure TMPs: set transmembrane pressure PBn: measuring the current blood Pressure PDn: Present dialysate measurement pressure A: Correction constant of dialysate measurement pressure Qn: Measured ultraexcessive amount Qv: Correction value of Qn Q _S : Objective ultraexcessive amount The following remarkable effects are layered.

Since the constant pressure valve 25 is provided, the dialysate supply device 22
It is possible to prevent disturbances such as pressure fluctuations spilling over to the dialyzer 21 and pressure fluctuations in the dialysis flow path due to mode switching, and the transmembrane pressure can be accurately controlled.

By providing the constant flow rate valve 48, the amount of the discharged dialysate flowing into the dialysate outlet C is substantially constant, so that the negative pressure pump 49 produces a good result in the stable operation by the constant negative pressure.

By providing the booster pump 26, it is possible to perform dialysis in which the dialysate fluid pressure is positive with respect to the atmospheric pressure. This solves the problems associated with the improvement of the performance of removing middle molecules and the inevitable increase of the ultraperfusate performance (therefore, a large amount of ultraperfusate can be obtained with a minute transmembrane pressure). it can.

Further, the number of solenoid valves for switching the dialysate flow path can be reduced from four in the conventional device to only two in the present invention (the supply liquid cutoff valve 23 and the drainage cutoff valve 32). Therefore, simplification of the device can be achieved.

Since the removal amount of water is measured by the weight detection by the load cell 34, it is possible to measure a very small amount with high measurement accuracy as compared with the conventional dialysis device. Furthermore, a branch pipe E from the dialysate outlet C
And the branch of the flexible tube 36 as shown in FIG.
By connecting the branch pipe E to 7 first and the branch of the measuring bag 35 later, and by branching the branch of the branch pipe E from below the dialysate outlet path C, the mixed gas flows into the measuring tank 27. Instead, it can be preferentially introduced into the weighing bag 35.

Since the weighing bag 35 measures not the volume but the weight, the above-mentioned accuracy deterioration due to the volume method such as liquid level measurement does not occur. In contrast to the conventional device that measures the liquid surface level of the water head pressure, it is necessary to prepare an elongated thin tube capable of handling the maximum excess liquid volume in advance, whereas the device of this embodiment is simply composed of a flexible film. It is easy to handle and the metering bladder 35 can be expanded and contracted, so that the shape can be changed freely by the ultra-superfluid amount as shown in FIGS. 5 (A) and 5 (B), and a wide range of liquid amount can be compacted. Can be stored in.

Next, FIG. 6 is a flow sheet showing another embodiment according to the present invention. The difference from the embodiment apparatus shown in FIG. 1 is that the dialysate is once passed through the right chamber of the measuring tank 27. Booster pump 26
Supply point, a temperature adjusting device 41 provided on the secondary side of the booster pump 26, a flow switch 42 provided on the secondary side of the constant flow valve 48, and a branch from the dialysate outlet path C. A gas-liquid separation tank 43 provided at a branch point of the pipe E and a three-way solenoid valve 4 provided in a bypass passage I of the drainage shutoff valve 32.
4 and the point that the upper portion of the measuring cylinder 50 is opened to form a cylindrical shape, and the other devices having the same numbers as in FIG. 1 are the same as those in FIG.

The temperature adjusting device 41 includes a heater 45 and a temperature detecting end 46.
And a temperature controller 47 for raising and maintaining the temperature of the fresh dialysate up to the human body temperature.
The fresh dialysate is constantly controlled by the temperature controller 47 based on the temperature detected by the temperature detecting end 46.
The flow switch 42 issues an alarm when the flow rate exceeds the upper limit or the lower limit of the specified flow rate. Gas-liquid separation tank 43
Is a further improved performance of gas-liquid separation of the exhaust dialysate described in FIGS. 1 and 4, and has a vertically long cylindrical shape,
A dialysate outlet C from the negative pressure pump 49 is provided on the side thereof.
A dialysate outlet path C to the measuring cylinder 50 is connected from the top, and a branch pipe E communicating with the measuring tank 27 is connected from the bottom. Further, the measuring cylinder 50 is open to the atmosphere at the upper part, and discharges the gas contained in the dialysate to the outside so that the drainage can be performed more reliably.

The three-way solenoid valve 44 is provided in the bypass passage I of the drainage shutoff valve 32, and in the preparation mode and the steady mode, the port (a) is closed together with the drainage shutoff valve 32, and the port (b) and the port ( C) is opened, and the discharged dialysate stored in the bag 35 in the previous measurement mode is surely discharged to the outside of the system through the bypass path I. In the metering mode, the port (a) and the port (b) are opened and the port (c) is closed, so that the amount corresponding to the amount of the liquid passed from the dialyzer 21 is accumulated in the measuring cylinder 50. . When switching from the steady mode to the metering mode, the port (c) of the three-way solenoid valve 44 is closed and (a) and (b) are opened immediately before switching, and the bypass passage from the gas-liquid separation tank 34 to the three-way solenoid valve 44 is opened. It is preferable to expel the air staying in I to the measuring cylinder 50.

According to the apparatus of the embodiment described with reference to FIG. 6, FIGS.
In addition to the embodiment apparatus described with reference to the drawings, the following remarkable effects are further exhibited.

By setting the right chamber of the measuring tank 27 as a flow path through which the fresh dialysate once passes, the dialysate supply device 22 is normally used after completion of permeation.
Instead, if a cleaning liquid supply device is temporarily arranged, the cleaning efficiency in the measuring tank 27 can be improved by water cleaning, chemical cleaning, or the like.

The temperature adjustment device 41 can adjust the temperature of the fresh dialysate to the human body temperature, and the flow switch 42 reduces the flow rate due to the rupture of the dialysate introduction path B, the elastic membrane 28, etc. in the steady mode, and the supply liquid cutoff valve. Due to the leakage of 23, the elastic film 28
Is in close contact with the right wall of the measuring tank 27, and the abnormal flow rate of fresh dialysate such as flowing fresh dialysate can be known even when the metering mode is completely completed.

Further, the gas mixed into the gas-liquid separation tank 43 together with the exhaust dialysate from the dialysate outlet C floats upward due to the difference in specific gravity, and only the exhaust dialysate having a large specific gravity accumulates downward. The discharged dialysate is discharged from the measuring tank 2 by the discharge pressure of the negative pressure pump 49.
It is stored in 7 through the branch pipe E. On the other hand, the airtight separation tank 43
The upper gas flows into the measuring cylinder 50 through the bypass passage I, the ports (a) and (b) of the three-way solenoid valve 44, and is discharged to the outside from the opening portion at the top of the measuring cylinder.

〔The invention's effect〕

 Since the present invention has the above-mentioned configuration, it has the following effects.

． Since the water removal amount is measured by the weight detection by the load cell with high measurement accuracy, an ultra-high excess amount control device with higher accuracy and reliability than the liquid level detection of the conventional device can be obtained.

Therefore, there is no need to prepare a slender manometer as in the conventional device, to reduce the accuracy of water removal amount measurement due to the adhesion of droplets in the manometer, to overflow from the upper end, and to prevent breakage accidents.

． Since the constant flow valve is provided in the dialysate flow path, the flow rate of the fresh dialysate supplied to the dialyzer is stable.

As a result, the pressure fluctuation in the dialysate-side flow path is reduced, the negative pressure pump operation is quieted, and highly accurate ultra overdose measurement becomes possible.

The abnormal water removal amount due to the pressure fluctuation of the dialysate flow path that occurs when switching from the steady mode to the weighing mode and when switching from the weighing mode to the preparation mode is excluded from the water removal amount measurement target by the action of the weight controller of the weight measuring means. As compared with the conventional apparatus, more accurate measurement of the ultra overdose amount can be obtained.

Moreover, since the weight measuring means is a combination of the load cell, the flexible bag-shaped container and the flexible tube, the weight measuring means with high measurement accuracy can be obtained easily and inexpensively.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a flow sheet showing an embodiment of the apparatus according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is an operation explanatory view thereof, FIG. 3 (A) is a view showing a weight output value of a load cell, and FIG. 3 (B) is a dialysis. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the pressure change, FIGS. 4 and 5 are diagrams for explaining the configuration of the weight measuring means, and FIG. 6 is a flow sheet showing another embodiment of the apparatus according to the present invention. FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the conventional device. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS IN THE DRAWINGS 21: dialyzer, 22: dialysate supply device 23: supply liquid cutoff valve, 24: switching means 25: constant pressure valve, 26: booster pump 27: metering tank, 28: inelastic membrane 29: flow rate Reference numeral 30: dialysate pressure sensor 31: microprocessor, 32: drainage shutoff valve 33: weight measuring means, 34: load cell 35: measuring bag, 36: flexible tube 37: weight controller, 38: hook 39: missing number , 40: Blood pressure sensor 41: Temperature adjusting device, 42: Flow switch 43: Gas-liquid separation tank, 44: Three-way solenoid valve 45: Heater, 46: Temperature detection end 47: Temperature controller, 48: Constant flow valve 49: Yin Pressure pump, 50: Measuring tube

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A dialyzer comprising (1) a blood channel and a dialysate channel, and a dialysis membrane for distinguishing these channels from each other and for drawing out ultrapermeate from the blood channel to the dialysate channel. (B) a blood side pressure detector provided in the blood flow path, (c) a supply liquid cutoff valve for cutting off the supply of dialysate to the dialyzer, and (d) a primary chamber with a movable diaphragm. After passing through the measuring tank divided into a secondary chamber and (e) the supply liquid cutoff valve, one is branched and connected to the primary chamber of the measuring tank, and the other is connected to the inlet of the dialyzer. A dialysate inlet, (f) a dialysate pressure detector provided in the dialysate inlet and / or dialysate outlet of the dialyzer, and (g) negative pressure in the dialysate channel of the dialyzer. And (h) the transmembrane pressure detected by the blood-side pressure detector and the dialysate-side pressure detector must match the specified transmembrane pressure. Transmembrane pressure difference control means for controlling the negative pressure pump, (i) a drainage cutoff valve for cutting off the discharge of the dialysate discharged from the dialyzer, and (v) the supply cutoff valve and drainage. Switching means for intermittently switching the shut-off valve, and (l) connected to the outlet of the dialyzer, after passing through the negative pressure pump, one is branched and connected to the secondary chamber of the measuring tank,
On the other hand, in an ultracapacity control device consisting of a dialysate outlet passage leading to a drainage shutoff valve, (e) a constant flow valve provided in the dialysate inlet passage, (w) the dialyzer and the drainage shutoff Between the valve and the valve, a weight measuring means including a load cell for measuring the weight of the ultrapermeate drawn out from the blood flow path to the dialysate flow path through the dialysis membrane. A characteristic ultra-high-volume control device. 2. The weight measuring means comprises: (a) a load cell fixed at a fixed height position; and (b) a flexible bag suspended from the load cell and having an opening at its upper end communicating with the atmosphere. -Shaped container or a flexible bag-shaped closed container, and (c) a flexible tube having one end connected to the lower end of the flexible bag-shaped container and the other end connected to the dialysate outlet path. (D) A weight controller for processing a weight detection value from the load cell and transmitting the detection value to the transmembrane pressure difference control means. .