JPH0620107A - Data processor using non-contact data carrier - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To make it possible to perform the access by converging the one data carrier even when more than two data carriers exist in the communicable distance of a reader/writer by issuing an 'ID number + ID number collation instruction' two times by dividing the issues into two by time. CONSTITUTION:The common symbol collation part 27 of a data carrier 20 reads a common symbol from a memory 21, transmits it to the common symbol collation instruction part 16 of a reader/writer 10 and gives an ID number reading permission if the returned common symbol is coincided. The ID number collation instruction part 18 of the reader/writer 10 starts and transmits the first time ID number collation instruction to the first collation part 29 of ID number of the data carrier 20. This ID number collation instruction has the command form of a 'collation instruction + ID number'. When the collation coincidence is obtained, the reading access of the memory 21 is permitted. The reader/writer 10 issues the second time ID number collation instruction. The second collation part 30 of ID number of the data carrier 20 permits the writing access of a writing part 26 when the collation coincidence of the transmitted ID number and the ID number of the memory 21 is obtained.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a data processing device using a non-contact data carrier used for paid use of facilities and equipment.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as a data processing device using a non-contact data carrier known as a so-called data coin, which is used for paid use in a ski lift, a play facility, etc., for example, one shown in FIG. 5 is known. ing. In FIG.
Reference numeral 10 is a reader / writer, and 20 is a data carrier. The reader / writer 10 is fixedly installed, and has a control unit 11 and a reading unit 1.
2, a writing unit 13 and a transmission unit 14 are provided. The data carrier 20 is carried by a user as, for example, a pendant or a wrist watch, and is provided with a non-volatile memory 21, such as an E ² PROM, a reading unit 22, a writing unit 23, and a transmitting unit 24.

In the operation of such a data processing apparatus, when the data carrier 20 is brought close to the communicable distance of the reader / writer 10, for example, the operating power is supplied from the transmission section 14 of the reader / writer 10 by electromagnetic inductive coupling.
The transmission unit 24 of 0 receives the power and starts power on, and the reader / writer 10 can read and write the contents of the memory 21 of the data carrier 20.

However, in the data processing apparatus using such a non-contact data carrier, when the coupling method of electrically connecting is adopted, the one-to-one correspondence relationship between the data carrier and the reader / writer. However, because of the non-contact coupling method, for example, as shown in FIG.
At the same time, the two data carriers 20A and 20B may enter the communicable distance of the reader / writer 10, and an error occurs when a write access or a read access is performed.

That is, two data carriers 20A, 20
When the read access is simultaneously performed to B, the reader / writer receives the data in which the read data of the data carriers 20A and 20B are mixed, and when the write access is performed at the same time, the same data is read as two data. Carrier 2
There was a problem of writing in 0A and 20B. In order to solve this problem, the inventors of the present application propose to store unique ID numbers in the memories of the data carriers 20A and 20B, and to perform a process of permitting memory access as follows.

(1) Issue an ID number read command from the reader / writer; (2) Read and return the ID number of the memory on the data carrier; (3) Return the ID number transmitted from the data carrier to the data carrier; (4 ) ID number returned in data carrier and I in memory
Collate with D number; (5) Allow memory access if they match, prohibit memory access if they do not match; This allows one even if two data carriers 20A and 20B exist within the communicable distance of the reader / writer 10 as shown in FIG. Memory access can be performed by limiting to.

[0007]

However, in the device for controlling the permission and prohibition of the memory access by reading and collating the ID number of the data carrier, the reader / writer is not allowed to perform other operations while controlling the permission or prohibition of the memory access. If the position of one of the data carriers changes and one of them temporarily becomes unable to communicate, the same data may be written to two data carriers by mistake, and only one data carrier is selected. There is a problem that it cannot be cut.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram when two data carriers 20A and 20B approach the reader / writer 10, and it is assumed that data communication is effectively performed with the closer data carrier. Further, FIG. 7 shows (a) and (b).
3C shows three states with the passage of time, and is assumed to be in the following states, respectively.

(A) Data carrier 20A in the initial state
Is approaching and communication is possible. (B) The positions of the data carriers 20A and 20B are changed,
The data carrier 20B can communicate. (C) The data carrier 20A is returned to its original position, and the data carrier 20B is also in a communicable state.

Such two data carriers 2 of FIG.
The operations in the change of the positions of 0A and 20b are as follows. [State of FIG. 7 (a)] The data carrier 20A is powered on and started, the ID number is read from the reader / writer 10, and the prohibition of the memory access is released after the ID numbers collate and match. That is, unlock the key.

The reader / writer 10 is a data carrier 20.
The memory data of A is read by a "read command", the contents are changed, a write command is issued to the data carrier 20A, and the write process is executed. [Transition to State of FIG. 7 (b)] The reader / writer 10 issues a read command to the data carrier 20A for reading to check whether or not the data was written correctly, and reads the data.

However, at this time, the data carrier 20B
Since communication is possible and the memory access prohibition has not been released (the key is not open), reading cannot be performed. The reader / writer 10 that has failed in reading performs a retry operation for unlocking the access prohibition by reading the ID number to open the key, and the prohibition of the memory access of the data carrier 20B is released. That is, the key of the data carrier 20B can be unlocked.

The reader / writer 10 issues a read command to read the write address of the data carrier 20B, but determines that the write data is incorrect because the other party is different in the data carrier 20B. [Transition to State of FIG. 7C] Subsequently, the reader / writer 10 issues the same write command as the write retry operation and executes the write again.

Both the data carriers 20A and 20B are in the access-prohibited release state, and the same data is written in the data carrier 20B. Therefore, if the prohibition of the memory access is simply canceled by the coincidence or non-coincidence of the collation by reading the ID number, there can be two or more data carriers that can communicate with the reader / writer. There is a possibility that the data cannot be guaranteed, and there is a possibility that it may be illegally used by using two or more data carriers.

The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned conventional problems, and the communication distance to the reader / writer is limited to two.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a data processing device using a non-contact data carrier that allows access to only one data carrier even if the above data carriers exist.

[0016]

To achieve this object, the present invention is constructed as follows. First, the present invention is directed to a data processing device that uses a contactless data carrier that writes or reads data from the reader / writer to the data carrier by contactless coupling, and instructs the reader / writer to read an ID number. And an ID number collation instruction means for transmitting the ID number collation instruction together with the ID number transmitted from the data carrier in response to the ID number read instruction.

On the other hand, in the data carrier, an ID number reading means for reading the unique ID number stored in the memory based on the ID number reading command sent from the reader / writer and sending it to the reader / writer, and a reader after sending the ID number. If the ID number returned from the writer matches the ID number of the memory in the verification based on the ID number verification command, the reading of part or all of the memory is permitted, and the ID sent again after that.
I / O of the memory by collation based on the number and ID number collation command.
It is characterized in that an access permission means for permitting the writing of a part or the whole of the memory when the D number matches is provided.

The present invention also includes an ID number read command means for commanding the data carrier to read the ID number after transmitting an appropriate signal, and an ID number transmitted from the data carrier in response to the ID number read command. An ID number collating instruction means for transmitting an ID number collating instruction is provided, while an ID number reading means for reading the unique ID number stored in the memory on the data carrier based on the ID number reading instruction and transmitting it to the reader / writer. And permitting the reading of part or all of the memory based on the signal transmitted prior to the reading of the ID number from the reader / writer, and then collating based on the ID number transmitted from the data carrier and the ID number collation command. And an access permission means for permitting writing of part or all of the memory when the ID number of the memory matches It may be.

[0019]

According to the data processing apparatus using the non-contact data carrier of the present invention having such a configuration, the ID number of the memory is read from the data carrier based on the instruction from the reader / writer, and then the time is changed. Divide "ID number +
An ID number collation command "is issued twice, and a two-step process is performed in which reading of the memory is permitted at the first collation and writing of the memory is permitted at the next collation.

Therefore, at the time of executing the writing after the reading and writing of the memory access are sequentially performed to one of the two data carriers, the writing is performed even if the communication with the other data carrier is switched. Reading is not permitted in the first verification for confirmation, and even if the write operation is retried after returning to the original state at this time, both reading and writing are in the enabled state and the data carrier is accessed first. Data can only be written to, and the data carrier accessed later is not read or permitted, so data writing is not performed.
This can surely prevent simultaneous writing of two or more data carriers.

[0021]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an embodiment showing one embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 1, 10 is a reader / writer,
The reader / writer 10 is fixedly installed at the entrance and exit of the facility or an appropriate device. Reference numeral 20 denotes a data carrier, and when the communication distance of the reader / writer 10 is approached, the reader / writer 10
The memory access is started by receiving the power supply from the contactless coupling.

The reader / writer 10 comprises a control unit 11 using an MPU, a transmission unit 14, a writing / reading unit 15, a common symbol collation command unit 16, an ID number read command unit 17 and an ID number collation command unit 18. On the other hand, the data carrier 20 has E ²
A non-volatile memory 21, such as a PROM, a transmission unit 24, a reading unit 25, a writing unit 26, a common symbol collating unit 27, an ID number reading unit 28, an ID number first collating unit 29, an ID number second collating unit 30, A read permission unit 31 and a write permission unit 32 are provided.

In the memory 21 of the data carrier 20, common symbols and ID numbers are stored in advance in this embodiment. As the common symbol, a unified symbol given to the entire data processing system including the reader / writer 10 and the plurality of data carriers 20, or a regional symbol indicating one area depending on the installation location of the reader / writer 10, etc., is preset according to the system. The defined common symbol is used.

As the ID number, the data carrier 2 is used.
A number code unique to 0 is used. As the ID number, if the duplicated use of a large number of data carriers 20 used for one reader / writer 10 can be stochastically separated, the same ID number is set to 2 among the plurality of data carriers 20.
The above may be used. Further, the ID number is not limited to fixed data and may be variable data. As the variable data, for example, date data or time data can be used. Further, the data in which fixed data and variable data are combined may be used as the ID number.

The procedures for starting memory access in the reader / writer 10 and the data carrier 20 are as shown in the following (1) to (10). (1) When the data carrier 20 becomes communicable with the reader / writer 10, the common symbol matching command unit 16 issues a common symbol matching command to the data carrier 20. (2) The common symbol collating unit 27 of the data carrier 20 reads the common symbol from the memory 21, sends the read common symbol to the common symbol collating instruction unit 16 of the reader / writer 10, and sends it back to the data carrier 20 again to return the common symbol. The collating unit 27 collates the common symbol in the memory 21 with the common symbol sent back from the reader / writer 10, and if the common symbol matches, the ID number read permission is issued.

(3) The ID number read command unit 17 of the reader / writer 10 issues an ID number read command to the data carrier 20 with permission based on the collation matching of the common symbols. (4) The ID number reading unit 28 of the data carrier 20 reads the ID number of the memory 21 and reads the ID of the reader / writer 10.
It is sent to the number reading command unit 17. (5) The ID number collation command unit 18 of the reader / writer 10 is activated to issue the first ID number collation command to the data carrier 20.
The ID number is sent to the first collating unit 29. This ID number collation command has a command format of “collation command + ID number”.

(6) First ID number of data carrier 20
The collation unit 29 collates the ID number of the memory 21 with the ID number received by the ID number collation command. (7) When the ID number first collating unit obtains a collation match, the read permitting unit 31 permits the reading access of the memory 21 by the reading unit 25 which has been in the prohibited state.

(8) The ID number collation command section 18 of the reader / writer 10 issues the second ID number collation command. The command format in this case is also "collation command + ID number".
In this case, a different command “collation command 2 + ID number” may be used. (9) ID number second collation unit 30 of data carrier 20
Compares and collates the transmitted ID number and the ID number of the memory 21.

(10) When the second ID collating unit 30 obtains a collation match, the write permitting unit 32 permits the write access of the writing unit 26 which has been in the prohibited state until then.
Here, the read permission or write permission of the memory 21 by the read permission unit 31 and the write permission unit 32 may be all or part of the memory. Further, data transmission by non-contact coupling by the transmission units 14 and 24 of the reader / writer 10 and the data carrier 20 is performed by electromagnetic inductive coupling using a coil. In this case, the data transmission from the reader / writer 10 to the data carrier 20 adopts the FSK modulation method,
On the other hand, it is desirable to adopt a spread spectrum communication system for data transmission from the data carrier 20 to the reader / writer 10.

Therefore, the transmission section 14 is provided with an FSK modulation section and a spread spectrum communication demodulation section, and the transmission section 24 of the data carrier 20 is provided with an FSK demodulation section and a spread spectrum communication modulation section. Further, in the spread spectrum communication system, for example, an M-sequence signal having a predetermined word length is used, the M-sequence signal is modulated by data bit 1 and transmitted, and the transmission of the M-sequence signal is stopped by data bit 0.
For the transmission of this M-sequence signal, the demodulation side stores the same M-sequence signal as the transmission side as a reference signal, and obtains the correlation value by calculating the sum of products of this reference M-sequence signal and the received signal. , Data bit 1 when the correlation peak value is obtained
Is determined, and if the correlation value is less than or equal to the threshold value, data bit 0 is determined.

FIG. 2 is a flow chart showing the processing operation of the embodiment of FIG. 1, showing the processing operation of the reader / writer and the data carrier and the exchange between them.
In FIG. 2, the reader / writer 10 repeatedly issues a test command at regular intervals as shown in step S100. When the data carrier 20 approaches the communicable distance of the reader / writer 10 in this state, power is supplied by receiving and rectifying the FSK signal corresponding to bit 0 which the reader / writer 10 constantly transmits, and the power is supplied to the reader / writer 10, and step S201.
When the test command is received from the reader / writer 10, the power is turned on and the response is started as shown in step S202. The reader / writer 10 determines this response in step S101, knows that the data carrier 20 has entered the standby state, and issues a common symbol collation command in step S102. In response to the common symbol collation command, the data carrier 20 reads the common symbol from the memory and performs the collation process as shown in step S203. The common symbol may be collated on the data carrier side by sending a pre-stored common symbol from the reader / writer 10 side, or the common symbol read on the data carrier 20 without storing the common symbol on the reader / writer 10 side. The symbol may be sent to the reader / writer 10 and then returned, and the returned common symbol may be collated with the common symbol in the memory.

Then, in step S204, it is determined whether or not they match, and if they do not match, the memory access prohibited state is held. When the collation coincidence of the common symbol is obtained, the reader / writer 10 inquires the collation result by issuing the test command at this time as shown in step S103, and the data carrier 20 receives the collation coincidence response in step S206 in response to the test command. Start.

When the reader / writer 10 determines this response in step S104, an ID number read permission state is created, and an ID number read command is issued in step S105.
In response to this, the data carrier 20 performs the operation of reading the ID number of the memory in step S207, and the reader / writer 10
Send it back to. Next, the reader / writer 10 performs step S106.
As shown in, the first ID number collation command is issued in the command format “collation command + ID number”, and the reader / writer 10 performs the first collation process of the ID number in step S208. As a result, if the ID numbers do not match, the process proceeds from step S209 to S210, and the memory access prohibited state is held.

When the first matching ID number match is obtained, a matching match response is returned in step S211 to the inquiry by the test command issued from the reader / writer 10 in step S107. Be seen. The reader / writer 10 is step S10.
When the response of the first ID number collation match is received at 8,
Recognize that the data carrier 20 has entered the read permission state.

Next, in step S109, the second ID number collation command is issued in the command format "collation command + ID number", and in step S212 the data carrier 20 is I.
The second collation process of the D number is performed. The second collation command may be “collation command 2 + ID number” different from the first collation command. Next, the collation result is determined in step S213. If they do not match, the memory access prohibited state is maintained in step S214. If they match, a collation match response is returned in step S213 in response to the test command issuance in step S110. At this time, writing to the memory is enabled.

The reader / writer 10 executes step 2 in step S111.
Recognizing that the memory of the data carrier 20 is in the read and write enabled state when the second matching agreement response is obtained,
In step S112, write or read access is executed,
In response to this, the data carrier 20 executes the write or read operation with respect to the memory in step S216.

The steps S104, S of the reader / writer
If a coincidence response is not obtained in steps 108 and S111, the common symbol collation command and the ID number collation command are retried and retried. If no coincident response is obtained even after performing the retry operation a predetermined number of times, the reader / writer 10 may terminate abnormally and disconnect communication with the data carrier 20.

FIG. 3 shows details of the ID number reading process and the collating process of FIG. 2. In the embodiment of FIG. 2, the read ID number and command are transmitted as they are between the reader / writer and the data carrier. However, actually, as shown in step S22 of FIG. 3, the read ID number is encoded according to a predetermined encoding rule and sent to the reader / writer 10, and the reader / writer 10 reversely encodes it as shown in step S12. According to the rule, the ID number is restored by decoding the received encoded data. In this respect, the same applies to the encoding at the time of transmitting the ID number collation command in step S13 and the decoding of the ID number collation command and the ID number from the received encoded data in step S23.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing the processing operation according to the present invention when the two data carriers 20A and 20B approach the reader / writer 10 and their positions are changed, as in the case shown in FIG. That is, in the state of FIG. 4A, only the data carrier 20A exists within the communicable distance of the reader / writer 10, and the data carrier 20B is in the communication impossible state.
Next, as shown in FIG. 4B, the data carrier 20A
And the positions of 20B are exchanged, and the data carrier 20B becomes ready for communication. Then, as shown in FIG. 4C, the original position is restored.

The processing operation at this time is as shown in the following (1) to (3). In FIG. 4, the following contents are simply described. [State of FIG. 4A] The data carrier 2 is set within the communicable distance of the reader / writer 10.
Since 0A is entered and the power-off start causes the operating state, the reader / writer 10 brings the memory of the data carrier 20A into a readable and writable state by the first and second ID number collation processing.

The data of the data carrier 20A is read and changed, and the writing to the memory of the data carrier 20A is executed. [Transition to State of FIG. 4 (b)] With the data carrier 20B approaching the reader / writer 10 and power-on-started, the reader / writer 10 checks whether or not the writing result performed above can be written correctly. Specifically, a write address is designated and a read command is issued. However, the data carrier 20B cannot be read because it is not in the read-enabled state.

Since the result is not correct for the write check, the original ID number = 1 is used and the data carrier 20
Reconfirm to B. Of course, the data carrier 20B cannot be written because neither reading nor writing is permitted. Since writing is not possible, the reader / writer 10 issues an ID number read command to the data carrier 20B to read the ID number, and again performs the first collation process for permitting reading to put the data carrier 20B in a readable state. .

Next, in order to perform the writing as the above-mentioned retry, the data carrier 20B is rewritten by the second collation processing using the original ID number = 1. However, the data carrier 20B is permitted to be read but not to be written, and cannot be written because the ID numbers do not match. [Transition to state of FIG. 4C] Further, the reader / writer 10 performs rewriting by the second collation process using the same original ID number as 1.

At this time, since the data carrier 20A is within the communicable distance, correct data writing is performed. On the other hand, in the data carrier 20B, since the ID numbers given in the second collation processing are different, it is determined that the collation does not match, the writing is not permitted, and the data is not written. As shown in these, even if the two data carriers 20A, 20B approach or leave the reader / writer 10, the memory access can be limited to the data carrier for which reading and writing are permitted first. .

Next, as a second embodiment of the present invention, the common symbol collating section 27 of the data carrier 20 collates in response to the common symbol collating instruction from the common symbol collating instruction section 16 provided in the reader / writer 10 of FIG. When a match is obtained, the reading permission of the ID number and the reading permission of the memory 21 by the reading unit 25 may be permitted simultaneously with the reading permission of the ID number.

Then, when the ID number collation command in the command format "collation command + ID number" issued from the ID number collation command section 18 is received and a collation match with the ID number of the memory 21 is obtained, the writing is performed. The write permission unit 32 may permit the memory write access by the writing unit 26. In this way, the ID number first collating unit 29 and the second collating unit 30 of the data carrier 20 can be integrated, and the ID number collating command can be issued only once.

Of course, the signal sent from the reader / writer 10 to the data carrier 20 prior to the ID number collation command is not limited to the common symbol collation command, and the appropriate reader / writer 1 can be used.
A signal from 0 to the data carrier 20 may be permitted to be read first, then the ID number may be read, an ID number collation command may be issued, and writing to the memory may be permitted by this collation coincidence.

Further, in the flow chart of FIG.
Although the data carrier 20 side responds to the issuance of the test command from the reader / writer at that time, the processing is completed on the data carrier 20 side without receiving an inquiry by the test command from the reader / writer 10. Sometimes response data may be returned.

[0049]

As described above, according to the present invention, even when two or more data carriers approach or move away from the communicable distance of the reader / writer, the communicable state is alternately established. First, memory access can be performed by focusing on the data carrier that has created the memory access permission state, which improves the reliability of the data processing device that uses the contactless data carrier and prevents unauthorized use of the data carrier. It can prevent and improve security.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing the processing operation of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing details of ID number reading processing and collation processing in FIG.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing a processing operation when two data carriers approach each other.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of a conventional device.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of a state in which two data carriers are included in the communication range of the reader / writer.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing a malfunction due to encryption verification.

[Explanation of symbols]

 10: data carrier 11: control unit (MPU) 14, 24: transmission unit 15: write / read unit 16: common symbol collation command unit 17 :; ID number read command unit 18: ID number collation command unit 20: data carrier 21 : Memory 25: Reading unit 26: Writing unit 27: Common symbol collating unit 28: ID number reading unit 29: ID number first collating unit 30: ID number second collating unit 31: Read permission unit 32: Write permission unit

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A data processing device using a contactless data carrier for writing or reading data from the reader / writer to the data carrier by contactless coupling, wherein the reader / writer is instructed to read an ID number. And an ID number collation command unit for transmitting an ID number collation command together with the ID number transmitted from the data carrier in response to the ID number read command, the reader / writer being provided on the data carrier. I sent from
Based on the ID number reading means for reading the unique ID number stored in the memory based on the D number reading command and transmitting it to the reader / writer, and the ID number returned from the reader / writer after transmitting the ID number and the ID number collating command. When the ID number of the memory matches in the collation, the reading of part or all of the memory is permitted, and the ID of the memory is collated based on the ID number and the ID number collation command transmitted again thereafter.
A data processing device using a non-contact data carrier, characterized in that it is provided with access permission means for permitting writing of part or all of the memory when the numbers match. 2. A data processing device using a non-contact data carrier for writing data to or reading data from the reader / writer by non-contact coupling to the data carrier, wherein an appropriate signal is transmitted to the reader / writer. ID number read command means for instructing the data carrier to read the ID number later, and ID number check command means for sending the ID number check command together with the ID number sent from the data carrier in response to the ID number read command. And an ID number reading means for reading the unique ID number stored in the memory on the basis of the ID number reading command and transmitting it to the reader / writer, and reading the ID number from the reader / writer. Based on the transmitted signal, permitting the reading of some or all of the memory, and then the data. ID number and I sent from other carriers
Data processing using a non-contact data carrier, which is provided with access permission means for permitting writing of part or all of the memory when the ID number of the memory is matched by matching based on a D number matching command. apparatus.