JPH0610604B2 - Abrasion amount measuring device for seal material for piston - Google Patents

Description

Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention is configured such that a piston reciprocates in a cylinder, and the piston is provided with an annular seal member that is in airtight contact with an inner peripheral surface of the cylinder having a horizontal axis. The present invention relates to a wear amount measuring device for a piston seal material in a compressor and an internal combustion engine.

BACKGROUND ART A reciprocating compressor is used to pump the vaporized gas of liquefied natural gas. In this reciprocating compressor, a piston reciprocates in a cylinder having a horizontal axis, and evaporative gas is compressed and supplied. In such a compressor, in order to achieve airtightness between the outer peripheral surface of the piston and the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder, a rider ring is fitted in the piston, and the rider ring contacts the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder.

Problems to be Solved by the Invention In such a prior art, the rider ring wears as the reciprocating compressor operates. If the amount of wear of the rider ring becomes excessive, an accident will occur in which the piston and the cylinder come into contact with each other during operation. The amount of wear of the rider ring may increase rapidly due to changes in operating conditions. Conventionally, no measures have been taken to measure such an amount of wear and only the periodical replacement of the riding is performed, which may cause the above-mentioned contact accident.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a wear amount measuring device for a piston seal member, which can measure the wear amount of a seal member such as a rider ring.

Means for Solving the Problems According to the present invention, a piston 2 that reciprocates in the horizontal direction is provided in a cylinder 1 having a horizontal axis, and a piston 2 that reciprocates in the horizontal direction is provided between an inner peripheral surface of the cylinder 1 and an outer peripheral surface of the piston 2. In a device for measuring the amount of wear of a seal material for a piston in which the seal materials 16 and 17 are provided in the circumferential direction, a detected member 19 fixed to the end surface of the piston 2 on the cylinder head side, and an axis line of the piston 2 Concentric protrusions N1, N2, N3, N4 having the same axis, and a groove M
1, M2, M3, M4 are formed alternately, and the projections N1,
The end faces of N2, N3, N4 and the bottoms of the grooves M1, M2, M3, M4 are fixed to a detected member 19 which is perpendicular to the axis of the piston 2 and a cylinder head 20 of the cylinder 1, and one end 2
3 has an axis line coinciding with the axis line of the cylinder 1, and the optical fiber wires 22a, 22 are grouped into two groups.
b, a light source 24 that supplies light to one group of optical fiber strands 22a, and a light receiving element 25 that receives light from the other group of optical fiber strands 22b. And a wear amount measuring device for a seal material for a piston.

Further, according to the present invention, a piston 2 that reciprocates in the horizontal direction is provided in a cylinder 1 having a horizontal axis, and a seal is provided between an inner peripheral surface of the cylinder 1 and an outer peripheral surface of the piston 2 in a circumferential direction. In a device for measuring the amount of wear of a piston sealing material in which the materials 16 and 17 are interposed, a detected member 19 fixed to the end surface of the piston 2 on the cylinder head side, which is a flat end surface perpendicular to the axis of the piston 2 A first region N1a, N2a, N3a, N4a of a concentric disc having the same axis as the piston 2;
Second regions M1a, M2a, M3a, M4 having a reflectance different from that of the first regions N1a, N2a, N3a, N4a.
The member to be detected 19 in which a is formed alternately and the cylinder head 20 of the cylinder 1 are fixed,
Has an axis line that coincides with the axis line of the cylinder 1, and the optical fiber wires 22a and 22b are grouped into two groups.
A light source 24 for supplying light to one group of optical fiber strands 22a, and a light receiving element 25 for receiving light from the other group of optical fiber strands 22b. This is a wear measuring device for a piston seal material.

Operation According to the present invention, when the sealing material is not worn,
The piston 2 reciprocates horizontally in a state where the axis of the cylinder 1 and the axis of the piston 2 coincide with each other, and as a result of the operation, the seal members 16, 17 in particular lower portions are worn, which causes the piston 2 to move downward. And the member to be detected 19 fixed to the end surface of the piston 2 on the cylinder head side descends, so that the light is emitted from the light source 24 through the optical fiber wire 22a of one of the grips. Light
Depending on the combination of the concentric protrusions and the groove of the detected member 19 or the combination of the first and second regions, the amount of reflected light that is reflected and detected and received is changed. With this, the amount of wear of the sealing materials 16 and 17 can be measured.

Embodiment FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a reciprocating compressor according to an embodiment of the present invention. This compressor is used to compress and supply the vaporized gas of liquefied natural gas. A piston 2 is reciprocated in the cylinder 1. This evaporative gas is clean and does not contain dust. By the reciprocating movement of the piston 2, the evaporated gas from the suction port 3 is compressed and pressure-fed from the discharge port 4. One end of a piston rod 5 is fixed to the piston 2. The other end of the piston rod 5 has a pin 6
Is connected to the connecting rod 7. The connecting rod 7 is connected to the crank arm 9 by a crank pin 8. The crank arm 9 is rotationally driven by a drive shaft having an axis 10.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged sectional view of the piston 2. Piston 2
Is a receiving portion 11 protruding outward of the piston rod 5 and a washer 1
The nut 2 is sandwiched by the nut 13 and the piston 2 is fixed to the piston rod 5. Fitting recesses 14 and 15 are formed in an annular shape on the outer circumference of the piston 2. The rider rings 16 and 17, which are emotional sealing materials, are fitted into the fitting recesses 14 and 15. As a result, the cylinder chamber 18 is made airtight.

The piston 2 has a common horizontal axis with the piston rod 5,
This axis coincides with the axis of the cylinder 1 when the axes of the rider rings 16 and 17 are not worn. As the rider rings 16 and 17 wear out during operation,
The piston 2 and the piston rod 5 are displaced downward by an amount corresponding to the amount of wear, which causes the axes of the piston 2 and the piston rod 5 to deviate from the axis of the cylinder 1.

FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view near the rider ring 16. The rider ring 16 is made of Teflon (trade name), or has a structure in which Teflon contains carbon. The same applies to the other rider ring 17. The cylinder 1 and the piston 2 are made of a metal material such as high chrome nickel. The distance d between the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder 1 and the outer peripheral surface of the piston 2 is determined by the rider rings 16, 17
Is about 5 mm in the initial state without wear, and the minimum usable value is about 0.7 mm.

FIG. 4 is an enlarged sectional view of the end portion of the piston 2 on the cylinder head side. The piston 2 is followed by the nut 13,
A thin disk-shaped member to be detected 19 is fixed. As shown in FIG. 5, the front surface of the detected member 19 is a right columnar protrusion N1 that protrudes toward the cylinder head 20 in parallel to the axis thereof, and an annular shape formed on the outer periphery of the protrusion N1. Groove M1 and the emotional projection N2 formed on the outside thereof,
An annular groove M2 formed on the outer side of the groove M2, and an emotional protrusion N3 formed on the outer side of the annular groove M2 and the groove M3, the protrusion N4, and the groove M4 are concentrically formed. The axis of the projection N1 coincides with the axis of the piston 2 and is designated by the reference sign p0. The center of the radial width of the groove M1 is
The reference numeral p1 indicates the center of the width of the protrusion N2 in the radial direction, and the reference numeral p2 indicates the center of the groove M2 in the width direction. Protrusions N1 to N
4 and the bottoms of the grooves M1 to M4 are flat.

An end 23 of an optical fiber 22 is fixed to the cylinder head 20. This end 23 has an axis which coincides with the axis of the cylinder 1. The optical fibers 22 have a large number of optical fiber strands, which are grouped into two groups, one of which is supplied with light from a light source 24 and the other of which is fed. The optical fiber wires 22 b of the group are connected to the light receiving element 25.

FIG. 6 is a front view of the end portion 23 of the optical fiber 22.
Optical fiber wire 22a to which light from the light source 24 is supplied
Is indicated by a white circle in FIG. 6, and its light is emitted from the end portion 23 toward the detected portion 19. The optical fiber element 22b to which the reflected light is guided is indicated by a black circle in FIG. In FIG. 6 (1), the optical fiber 2
2a and 22b are mixed, and in FIG. 6 (2), they are divided into left and right of one diameter line passing through the axis of the end portion 23, and in FIG. 6 (3), the optical fiber strand is located at the center. 22a is placed,
An optical fiber wire 22b is arranged on the outer circumference thereof. At the end portion 23 of the optical fiber 22, the optical fiber strands 22a and 22b may be arranged in the manner shown in FIG. 6, or may be arranged in other manners.

FIG. 7 shows a waveform with the peak value of the output voltage with the passage of time of the output of the light receiving element 25. Riding 1
In a state in which 6 and 17 are not worn, the axis of the cylinder 1 and the axis of the piston 2 coincide with each other, and at this time, the axis of the end portion 23 of the optical fiber 22, the axis of the detected member 19 and the projection N1. p0 is in agreement. At this time, the light from the optical fiber element 22a is irradiated from the end portion 23 to the end surface of the projection N1, and the light is reflected and guided to the light receiving element 25 via the optical fiber element 22b. The end 23 of the optical fiber 22
Since the distance between the end surface of the protrusion N1 and the end surface of the protrusion N1 is small,
Is relatively large, and its output voltage is large as indicated by reference numeral V1.

With the passage of time, the lower portions of the rider rings 16 and 17 are brought into sliding contact with the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder 1 and are worn, and the amount of wear increases. Therefore, the piston 2 has the rider rings 16, 17
It is displaced downward by the wear amount of. As a result, the light from the end 23 through the optical fiber wire 22a is applied to the bottom of the groove M1 above the protrusion N1, and the light reflected by the bottom of the groove M1 is emitted from the end 23. It is given to the light receiving element 25 through the fiber wire 22b. Since the distance between the end portion 23 of the optical fiber 22 and the bottom of the groove M1 is large, the amount of light received by the light receiving element 25 decreases as indicated by reference numeral V2 in FIG.
Further, due to the wear of the rider rings 16 and 17, the light from the end portion 23 has a projection N2, a groove M2, and a projection N3.
The grooves M3, ... Are reflected in this order, and the output voltage corresponding to the amount of light received by the light receiving element 25 increases and decreases with the passage of time.

The diameter of the protrusion N1 at the center of the detected member 19 is, for example, 1 mm.
When the radial widths of the grooves M1 to M4 and the annular protrusions N2 to N4 are set to 1 mm, when the axis of the optical fiber 22 coincides with the axis p5, the rider ring 16,
It can be detected that 17 is displaced downward by a total of 5 mm. In this way, the rider rings 16 and 17 and the wear amount are 5 mm.
It is possible to measure that

According to such an embodiment, the electrical structure is not exposed in the cylinder chamber 18, and thus the explosion-proof structure is essentially formed. The electrical configuration of the cylinder 1
Since it is provided outside of, there is the advantage that such electrical construction can be maintained and repaired without stopping the movement of the piston 2. Since the vaporized gas of liquefied natural gas is clean, the optical fiber 2
There is no possibility that the end face 23 of No. 2 and the detected member 19 will be contaminated.

FIG. 8 is a front view of the detected member 26 according to another embodiment of the present invention. In the above-described embodiment, the protrusion N of the detected member 19
1 to N4 and the bottoms of the grooves M1 to M4 are the piston 2
Of the member to be detected 2 in the embodiment shown in FIG.
Reference numeral 6 denotes a flat plate, and the surface of the optical fiber 22 facing the end 23 is perpendicular to the axis of the piston 2 and is a flat surface. A central region N1a and emotional regions M1a, N2a, N3a, M3a, N4a, and M4a that are concentrically surrounded by the central region N1a are formed. Has a fine textured surface with a satin finish and has a low reflectance. Such a detected member 26 can also be used in place of the detected member 19 of the above-described embodiment in the present invention.

The embodiment shown in FIG. 8 is basically similar to the above-described embodiment, and the similarities N1a to N4a and the second regions M1a to M4a have the same axis as the axis of the piston 2. They are formed concentrically and alternately.

The present invention can be implemented not only in the compressor but also in other reciprocating mechanism, for example, in an internal combustion engine. Although the rider rings 16 and 17 are provided on the piston in the above-described embodiments, such a sealing material may be provided on the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder so as to face the piston.

As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to measure the amount of wear of a sealing material such as a rider ring that hermetically holds the outer peripheral surface of the piston and the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder. Therefore, the amount of wear of the seal material even when the amount of wear of the seal material suddenly increases due to a change in operating conditions can be detected, which can prevent the piston and the cylinder from coming into contact and breaking.

Particularly, according to the present invention, the piston 2 horizontally reciprocates in the cylinder 1 having the horizontal axis, and the lower portions of the sealing members 16 and 17 interposed across the circumferential direction are worn. The piston 2, and thus the detected member 1
9 is displaced downward, which can be optically detected with a relatively simple structure.

Further according to the present invention, the detected member 19 is the piston 2
Concentric circular protrusions N1 to N4 and grooves M1 to M4 having the same axis as the axis are alternately formed, or the reflectances are different from each other in the first and regions N1a to N4a and the second region M.
1a to M4a are formed alternately, and therefore, even when the cylinder and the piston are angularly displaced relative to each other around their axes, the wear amount of the sealing materials 16 and 17 can be always detected. The effect is also achieved.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an overall sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is an enlarged sectional view near the piston 2, and FIG. 3 is a rider ring 16
4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the end of the piston 2 on the cylinder head side, FIG. 5 is a front view of the detected member 19, and FIG. 6 is a front view of the end 23 of the optical fiber 22. FIG. 7 is a waveform diagram showing the output of the light receiving element 25 over time, and FIG. 8 is a front view of the member to be detected 26 according to another embodiment of the present invention. 1 ... Cylinder, 2 ... Piston, 16, 17 ... Rider ring, 19, 26 ... Detected member, 22 ... Optical fiber, 24 ... Light source, 25 ... Light receiving element

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Yoshiyoshi Tsuruya 10-4, Mizuki-dori, Hyogo-ku, Kobe-shi, Hyogo (56) References JP-A-48-42245 (JP, A) JP-A-60-155902 ( JP, A)

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A cylinder 1 having a horizontal axis is provided with a piston 2 which reciprocates in the horizontal direction, and a sealing material is provided between the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder 1 and the outer peripheral surface of the piston 2 in the circumferential direction. In a piston seal material wear amount measuring device in which 16 and 17 are interposed, a detected member 19 fixed to the end surface of the piston 2 on the cylinder head side is a concentric circle having the same axis as the axis of the piston 2. Protrusions N1, N2, N3, N4 and groove M
1, M2, M3, M4 are formed alternately, and the projections N1,
The end faces of N2, N3, N4 and the bottoms of the grooves M1, M2, M3, M4 are fixed to a detected member 19 which is perpendicular to the axis of the piston 2 and a cylinder head 20 of the cylinder 1, and one end 2
3 has an axis line coinciding with the axis line of the cylinder 1, and the optical fiber wires 22a, 22 are grouped into two groups.
b, a light source 24 that supplies light to one group of optical fiber strands 22a, and a light receiving element 25 that receives light from the other group of optical fiber strands 22b. A device for measuring wear of piston seal materials. 2. A piston 2 which reciprocates in the horizontal direction is provided in a cylinder 1 having a horizontal axis, and a sealing material is provided between the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder 1 and the outer peripheral surface of the piston 2 in the circumferential direction. In a wear amount measuring device for a piston seal material in which 16 and 17 are interposed, a detected member 19 fixed to an end surface of the piston 2 on the cylinder head side, which is a flat end surface perpendicular to the axis of the piston 2 A concentric first region N1a, N2a, N3a, N4a having the same axis as that of the piston 2;
Second regions M1a, M2a, M3a, M4 having a reflectance different from that of the first regions N1a, N2a, N3a, N4a.
The detected member 19 in which a is alternately formed and the cylinder head 20 of the cylinder 1 are fixed,
3 has an axis line coinciding with the axis line of the cylinder 1, and the optical fiber wires 22a, 22 are grouped into two groups.
b, a light source 24 that supplies light to one group of optical fiber strands 22a, and a light receiving element 25 that receives light from the other group of optical fiber strands 22b. A device for measuring wear of piston seal materials.