JPH0569801B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

(Industrial Application Field) The present invention relates to a soil disease control/plant growth promoter, particularly a soil disease control/plant growth promoter in which specific microorganisms are immobilized on charcoal grains, and a method for producing the same. (Prior Art) In general, even if useful microorganisms that are antagonistic to soil pathogens are isolated and cultured and directly introduced into soil, they do not take root easily. Therefore, attempts have been made to immobilize antagonistic microorganisms using organic materials such as rice straw compost, sawdust, bran, and peat. However, due to insufficient colonization of useful microorganisms,
Its efficacy was low and its duration was short. Recently, in Europe and the United States, attempts have been made to coat seeds with useful microorganisms and colonize them, but even with this method, as the plants grow larger, it is not possible to maintain a density of useful microorganisms commensurate with the size of the plants, and the efficacy is not sufficient. On the other hand, as plant growth promoters, soil conditioners, or fertilizers made from organic matter, compost or manure made by depositing straw, or by depositing and humusing livestock excrement, litter, etc., is only known. "(Dictionary of Plant Nutrition, Soil, and Fertilizer)" Yokendo (1974-4-
1) p1234-1235). However, these composted manures not only do not have sufficient fertilizing effect, but also do not last long and have low soil improvement effects. The present invention relates to a soil disease control and plant growth promoter that utilizes charcoal grains and has an important point that thermophilic antagonistic bacteria and actinomycetes are immobilized thereon. The use of specific bacteria and actinomycetes along with charcoal is new, and the present invention is a completely new invention that departs from conventional shipping methods. (Problems to be Solved by the Invention) Currently, due to the variety of agricultural chemicals and overuse of chemical fertilizers, the soil fertility of farmland is decreasing and problems with continuous cropping are becoming apparent.
As a result, the quality and productivity of agricultural products have declined, leading to the collapse of production areas and the movement of production areas. Approximately 60-70% of these continuous cropping problems are caused by soil diseases caused by soil pathogens. There are few pesticides that are effective against these soil diseases, and the reality is that soil heavily contaminated with pathogenic bacteria must be treated with soil fumigant agents such as chloropicrin and methyl bromide. Most soil fumigants non-selectively kill all microorganisms in the soil, regardless of whether they are useful or harmful, and therefore destroy the microbial ecosystem after use. In addition, it is toxic to humans and has a pungent odor, making it difficult to use in crowded areas. On the other hand, as mentioned above, conventional plant growth promoters and soil conditioners that utilize organic matter not only have low efficacy but also short duration, and cannot be expected to significantly improve the physical properties of soil. Furthermore, it takes time to produce these composted manures, and during that time, a large amount of bad odor is generated, resulting in environmental pollution. A person who emits such a foul odor,
Although the development of effective treatment systems for livestock and poultry excrement is a matter of great concern, the current state of technology is that no industrial system has been developed that eliminates these odors and uses them 100% effectively. As mentioned above, the decline in productivity and soil fertility due to soil diseases is an extremely worrying situation for farmers who produce agricultural products, and the effective use of human waste is also an important administrative issue in this era of urbanization. It is. (Means for Solving the Problems) The present invention has been made in view of the current state of these technologies, and has been made for the purpose of solving the shortcomings of these known technologies all at once. As a result of intensive study to achieve this objective, we strongly recognized the need to develop a new system with a completely different concept from conventional systems. Therefore, we changed our thinking and focused on charcoal grains, and when we brought antagonistic microorganisms into contact with them, the microorganisms were quickly immobilized.If we applied these charcoal grains, we could suppress the growth of harmful microorganisms in the soil. Completely prevents the onset of soil diseases. Furthermore, it has excellent fertilizing and plant growth promoting effects, and these effects last for a long time. At the same time, we also confirmed the soil improvement effect of the charcoal grains themselves. The present invention was finally completed based on this new knowledge through further research including selection of useful bacteria and investigation of immobilization systems. In the present invention, thermophilic bacteria and actinomycetes that compete with soil pathogenic bacteria and promote plant growth are immobilized on the charcoal grains. Coconut shell charcoal (coconut palm, oil palm, and all other coconut shell charcoals can be used), grafted charcoal, rice husk charcoal (rice, wheat, sesame,
Various types of rice husk charcoal can be used, such as buckwheat and rapeseed).
Sawdust charcoal and the like can also be widely used. It is also possible to use relatively weak coal or coke that has been distilled to the extent of dry distillation. There is no particular limitation on the particle size, and commercially available charcoal particles, coconut shell charcoal particles, etc. are sufficient. Although these charcoal grains may be used in combination with charcoal grains from various sources, it is desirable to use these charcoal grains alone as much as possible in order to homogenize the introduced bacterial species and increase their proliferation. Various microorganisms are immobilized on these charcoal grains.
As the fixed microorganism, thermophilic antagonistic bacteria or thermophilic actinomycetes are used alone or in combination. Thermophilic bacteria and thermophilic actinomycetes, which serve as inoculum, were isolated from fermented compost using maltose-powdered yeast extract medium or potato agar medium. As a result, as Gram-negative bacteria, Pseudomonas spp.
Bacteria of the genus Agrobacterium and Moraxella were isolated, and as Gram-positive bacteria, in addition to bacteria of the genus Coryneform, various thermophilic actinomycetes were isolated, and as spore-forming bacteria, spore-forming bacteria of the genus Bacillus were predominant. It was done. For each isolated strain, soil pathogen Pythium
splendens, Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium
We investigated the effect of oxysporum f.sp.cucumerinum on mycelial growth, and selected those that had an inhibitory effect, and obtained 90 strains. These strains were again subjected to a heat resistance test at 80°C for 5 to 10 minutes, and all were found to be heat resistant. Therefore, we investigated the genera and species of these antagonistic microorganisms. First, we examined bacteria according to the usual classification system, and all of the selected bacterial strains were of the genus Bacillus. Since there are 34 species of bacteria of the genus Bacillus, the morphological and physiological properties of the 32 strains used in the present invention were investigated to identify the species. The identification results are shown in Table 1.

[Table] The cell size of the test bacterial strain is 0.8μm,
The first item in Bergey's classification system is -.
Also, since spores are oval rather than circular, the second item is also −
becomes. Furthermore, since Sporangium does not swell, the third item is also -, and among the 34 species of Bacillus genus, species with these morphological properties are classified according to the bacterial system.
The number of species is limited to seven, including those with unstable trait expression. That is, as shown in Table 1, B. subtilis,
B.badius, B.coagulans, B.firmus, B.lentus,
They are B.licheniformis and B.pumilus. Next, looking at the physiological properties, the test strains do not grow under anaerobic conditions, so B.coagulans and B.
It turns out that it is not licheniformis. Since starch is decomposed, B. subtilis, B. firmus, B.
It will belong to one of the lentus. The test bacteria are PH
5.7, the relevant species is B. subtilis.
Only this species remains, and this is the strain to be tested. Just to be sure, we investigated two more physiological properties. One is growth at 7% NaCl and the other is growth at 50°C. The test bacteria grew under both conditions, which matched the properties of Bacillus subtilis, and all of the test bacteria were found to be Bacillus subtilis. On the other hand, as thermophilic actinomycetes,
Thermoactinomyces, Thermonospora,
Examples include bacteria of the genus Actinobifida and Thermopolyspora. Specific examples of thermophilic actinomycetes are as follows. Thermoactinomyces genus: T.glaucus IFO12530,
T.vulgaris IFO13606, T.sp.CH−53, T.
intermedius, T. candidas, T. sacchari, T.
potonophilus, Thermonospora genera: T.chromogena, T.viridis
IFO12207, T.curvata IFO12384, Actinobifida genus: A.dichotomica IFO12466, A.
chromogena IFO12465. Genus Thermopolyspora: Thermopolyspora
flexuosa IFO12463, Thehmopolyspora HP
-2. The mycological properties of Thermoactinomyces are as follows. That is, it grows well at high temperatures (for example, about 32 to 80°C), produces one spore in each basal hyphae or aerial hyphae, is a Gram-positive aerobic bacterium, and produces endospores. T. glaucus has few aerial hyphae, which are white to blue-green in color and do not contain soluble pigments. Other properties related to this genus are also summarized in Table 2.

[Table] The mycological characteristics of T.curvata, a member of the genus Thermonospora, are that the hyphae in the medium do not form septa, spores attach only to aerial hyphae, and are formed singly on simple or branched sporophores. . T. viridis, like T. glaucus, has few aerial hyphae and is white to blue-green in color, but it has a green soluble pigment. Moreover, the mycological properties of Thermopolyspora HP-2 bacteria are as follows. That is, it shows vigorous growth when cultured on pig urine extract agar medium at 50°C, and deposits grayish-white spores. In other general media, even when cultured at 50°C, the virus does not grow at all or grows only slightly. The hyphae are about 0.5μ wide and do not form septa.
The spores are 1 independent on the sporophores found in aerial hyphae.
~5 pieces are attached. 37-60 on pig urine extract agar medium
℃, growth PH range is 7-10. Since it does not grow at all on Bridum-Gotzlieb basal medium, it is not possible to assay sugar assimilation using normal methods. Table 3 shows the results of culturing this bacterium in a general medium at 50°C for 3 weeks.

【table】

[Table] For each strain identified above, soil pathogens Pythium splendens, Rhizoctonia solani, and Fusarium oxysporum F.sp.cucumerinum
A test was conducted to confirm the mycelial growth inhibitory effect of the compound, and the results are shown in Table 4. In this test, only T. curvata among thermophilic actinomycetes was used.

[Table] ++++ Completely inhibited mycelial growth, poor mycelial growth ± Slightly inhibited mycelial growth − Mycelial growth
As shown in Table 4, the growth of
Three of the five strains of Thermonosporacurvata are
It strongly suppresses the mycelial growth of only P. splendens, and B.
The 17 strains of B. subtilis inhibited the growth of only R. solani, whereas the 15 strains of B. subtilis Bi-1 to Bi-15 showed strong inhibitory effects on all three soil pathogens tested. These thermophilic bacteria and thermophilic actinomycetes are brought into contact with the charcoal grains in the presence of excrement, cultured, and fixed. For example, a suspension or culture solution of bacteria or actinomycetes may be simply mixed with charcoal grains in the presence of excrement, or the mixture may be cultured with or without circulation. If necessary, the bacterial cells and the charcoal grains may be brought into direct contact. In addition to the above-mentioned fixation methods, particularly advantageous is a method in which thermophilic bacteria and thermophilic actinomycetes are mixedly inoculated into human waste or a liquid containing it and charcoal grains, and then cultured. For example, an inoculum obtained by culturing thermophilic bacteria or thermophilic actinomycetes in a medium containing 20 to 30% pig or cow excrement, chicken manure, etc., or a general medium containing peptone or meat juice at 50°C under aeration and agitation. It is inoculated into pig human waste, cow human waste, human waste, and chicken manure by mixing or spraying a culture solution or a suspension of bacterial cells isolated from the culture solution. In addition, pig urine extract, cow urine extract, yeast extract, peptone, etc. are added to a solid medium such as wheat bran,
The inoculum was inoculated and the solid culture cultured aerobically at 50°C for 7 days was sprayed to produce pig human waste, cow human waste, and human waste.
It is inoculated into chicken manure. Charcoal grains are mixed into this human waste in advance. Pig excrement, cow excrement, human excrement, and chicken excrement are used directly or mixed with other compost materials and charcoal particles to prepare a culture medium. When using a direct culture medium, fresh pig excrement, cow excrement, human excrement, or chicken excrement is directly poured into a reinforced plastic container, concrete container, etc., and bacteria and charcoal grains are inoculated into this. In addition, when mixing with other compost materials, dry, sawdust, cut straw, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, etc. should be mixed with fresh pig, cow, or human excrement and charcoal granules and packed in reinforced plastic containers or concrete containers. and inoculate with the inoculum. The pig human waste, cow human waste, human human waste, and chicken manure prepared in this way are cultured for about 1 to 4 weeks. In the present invention, the product temperature rises to 50°C approximately 6 hours after the start of culture, reaches 60°C after 10 hours, and reaches 20°C.
After some time, the entire surface will be covered with bacterial cells. on the other hand,
Moisture evaporates rapidly and the interior of the feces (animal feces) becomes aerobic, allowing bacterial cells to penetrate inside and promote decomposition. After that, bacteria and actinomycetes further multiply, and the temperature of the product rises to over 70℃, so if this continues for about a week to 10 days, various germs, harmful bacteria, insects, their larvae and eggs, and even seeds, etc. dies. In two weeks, the water content will be 20-30%.
At the early stage of culture, when the bacteria begin to grow, the odor decreases rapidly, and after 15 days of culture, there is almost no odor, indicating that the ingredients that are effective in controlling soil diseases and fertilizers are effectively fixed when applied to the soil. can get. In this way, when human waste is used to immobilize thermophilic antagonistic bacteria and actinobacteria on charcoal grains, not only is the immobilization efficient, but the activity of these bacteria continues even after application to the soil, preventing hygienic diseases. A pest control and plant growth promoter can be obtained. Thermophilic bacteria and thermophilic actinobacteria interact favorably with various types of human waste; for example, Thermonospora viridis IFO12207 is advantageous for chicken manure and pig manure, and Thermoactinomyces is effective for pig manure.
vulgaris IFO13606 is advantageous. In addition, for use exclusively with chicken manure, Thermoactinomyces CH-53 has an optimal growth temperature of 50℃, prefers to grow in raw chicken manure, has a high ability to assimilate uric acid, and grows vigorously using uric acid as a carbon source or nitrogen source. , is particularly advantageous.
All strains of Bacillus subtilis are effective. The mixing ratio of human waste and charcoal particles can be varied widely depending on the moisture content, the type of human waste and charcoal particles, etc., but it is 1:
The ratio is about 10 to 10:1. Examples of the present invention will be described below. Example 1 (Production of charcoal containing bacterial cells using chicken manure) A 1:1 (v/v) mixture of commercially available coconut shells and raw chicken manure (spring season) was placed in a 10 m ³ reaction tank. On the other hand, Bacillus subtilis ATCC6051, B.subtilis Bi-1 to Bi-32, Thermoactinomyces glaucus IFO12530, Thermonospora viridis IFO12207, T.curvata Hi-2, Hi-5, and Hi-6 were prepared in advance in maltose-powdered yeast extract medium or chicken manure-containing peptone. The cells were cultured in a medium, and this culture was added to the tank and mixed. On the first day after inoculation, the bad odor originating from chicken manure had already disappeared. It is presumed that the bad odor, ammonia gas, etc. were first adsorbed by the charcoal and then decomposed by bacteria. Chicken manure has a moisture content of 50% due to the mixture of nearly dry charcoal grains.
%, but due to fermentation it dries even more rapidly, and the high temperature of around 70℃ continues for about a week, causing the moisture to disappear.
It will be 30-20%. As the culture was continued, the temperature dropped to below 70°C, and this temperature was maintained for 1 week to 10 days to produce a product (charcoal containing bacterial cells). Example 2 (Production of charcoal containing bacteria by the action of pig dung) A pig was treated in the same manner as in Example 1, except that pig human waste was used instead of raw chicken manure and Thermopolyspora HP-2 was used as the thermophilic actinomycete. A product (charcoal containing fungal cells) for controlling fecal diseases and promoting plant growth was obtained. Example 3 (Controlling cucumber seedling blight caused by Pythium splendens bacteria) (1) The soil disease control/plant growth promoter (charcoal containing fungal cells) produced by the method shown in Example 1 was
Add 15% to sterilized soil, pack it into a plastic container (38.0 x 26.0 x 16.0 cm), make grooves at 6 and 12 cm from the center line of the container, and add 2 seeds to the front groove and 2 seeds to the apse groove. Three cucumber seeds (variety: Tokiwa Shin No. 1) were sown in the furrow, for a total of 10 seeds per container. After sowing 3
On the first week, make a groove in the center of the container and collect 20 sporangia/g of the pathogen Pythium splendens.
The soil was irrigated at a ratio of fresh soil, and the course of disease onset of cucumber seedling damping-off was investigated. The results are shown in FIG. As is clear from the results in Figure 1, the untreated plot showed a 100% dead plant rate 27 days after inoculation with the pathogen, whereas the disease onset was completely suppressed in the plot treated with this agent. (2) Disease control/plant growth promoter (charcoal containing bacteria)
Fill a plastic tray (53.5 x 34.5 x 10.0 cm) with a soil additive concentration of 3%, make grooves at 8 and 16 cm from the center line of the tray in the same way as above, and add 5 grains each, for a total of 20 grains per container. cucumber seeds were sown. Two and three weeks after sowing, make a groove in the center of the tray to remove pathogens.
Sporangia of Pythium splendens was irrigated at a rate of 15 sporangia/g of fresh soil to investigate the disease onset of cucumber seedling damping-off. In this test as well, as shown in Figure 2,
A complete disease suppression effect was observed for both seedlings for 2 and 3 weeks. Example 4 Control of cucumber seedling damping-off disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani bacteria Soil disease control method produced by the method of Example 1
Add plant growth promoter (charcoal containing bacteria) to sterilized soil.
% added to the plastic container (38.0×
26.0 x 16.0 cm), and as in the case of Pythium, grooves were made at 6 and 12 cm from the center of the container, respectively, and 2 and 3 cucumber seeds were sown, for a total of 10 seeds per container. Three weeks after sowing, the inoculum of the pathogenic bacteria Rhizoctonia solani cultured in Table 5 Potato-containing soil medium (Table 5) was adjusted to 0.4%. Soil was inoculated into the groove in the center of the container, and the disease development process of cucumber seedling damping-off was investigated. The results are shown in FIG. As is clear from the results in Figure 3, no seedling damping-off caused by Rhizoctonia solani was observed in the plots where this agent was applied, demonstrating a remarkable effect in suppressing the onset of the disease. Example 5 A 1/5000 pot was filled with sandy soil, and 3 g of ordinary chemical fertilizer (13:13:13) was mixed with 1 kg of upper potting soil.
To this, pure charcoal (coconut shell charcoal) 10%, 20%, Example 2
10% and 20% of the charcoal containing bacteria obtained in 1. was mixed, and Korai grass was planted, and 3 repeated tests were conducted from April to October. The fresh weight (g) of the aboveground stems and leaves was measured, and the results shown in Table 6 were obtained.

【table】

[Table] The numbers in the box indicate the ratio with the control plot. As is clear from Table 6, the growth of Korai grass was significantly promoted from the early to late stages of growth by mixing charcoal containing bacteria, and the above-ground fresh weight was 20% of that of this agent.
The amount in the mixed plot was about three times that in the untreated plot. Example 6 (Growth promoting effect 2 on Korean grass) A growth test on Korean grass was conducted three times in ^three 1/50 m pots (sandy soil). The test period was from May to October, and 50 ml/pot of a 100-fold diluted solution of ordinary chemical fertilizer (15-6-6) was applied on May 20th, July 21st, and August 11th. The test plots are (a) control, (b) peat 20% plot, (c)
20% zeolite plot, (d) 20% charcoal containing bacteria obtained in Example 1, (e) 10% charcoal containing bacteria + 10% peat,
(f) Establishment of 10% charcoal with bacterial cells + 10% zeolite section,
We compared the growth of grass. As shown in Table 7, the growth of Korai grass is slightly promoted by mixing the soil conditioner, 20% peat, and 20% zeolite, but the growth promoting effect is further enhanced when charcoal containing bacteria is mixed with it. Ta. The weight of aboveground stems and leaves in the plot using only charcoal containing bacteria was more than double that of the target plot, and the root weight was also 1.5 times, showing a remarkable growth promoting effect.

【table】

[Table] Example 7 (Chicken manure) Using the charcoal containing bacterial cells obtained in Examples 2 and 1,
Growth and flowering tests were conducted on petijunia and cyclamen. Petiunia was sown on February 16th, after two temporary plantings, 4
I planted them in pots No. 4 and 5 on May 9th. Cyclamen was sown on October 1st, potted in No. 3 on March 20th, 6
On September 20th, it was repotted into No. 4 pot, and on September 20th, it was planted into No. 5 pot using the same compost. When planting petiunias, and when replanting cyclamen into No. 4 pots and when planting into No. 5 pots, use basic compost (mixed Akadama soil and humus at a ratio of 7:3) and the fungal cells obtained in Example 1. A mixed soil containing charcoal was used. Cell charcoal was tested at 0, 10, 40, and 100% (v/v) levels, each in eight replicates. Fertilization was carried out by using a 500 times Hyponex liquid fertilizer (5-10-5) and watering once a week from 2 weeks after planting each plant to the extent that it ran off from the bottom of the pot. The results are shown in Tables 8 and 9.

[Table] * Charcoal containing bacterial cells shown in Example 1

[Table] * Charcoal containing bacterial cells shown in Example 1 The quality evaluation of cyclamen was 1: poor, 3:
Average, 5: Excellent. As is clear from the results in Tables 8 and 9, as the mixture of charcoal containing fungi increases, the number of branches of Petiunia increases.
The number of stems, flower buds, and fresh weight above and below ground increased, and especially the 100% charcoal containing bacteria had a remarkable growth promoting effect. A similar growth-promoting effect was also observed for cyclamen, with an increase in the number of leaves, flower buds, and fresh weight above and below ground by mixing charcoal with bacteria, and it was possible to produce good quality pots for cyclamen. . Example 8 (Promotion of tomato growth) Using 10 to 20% (v/v) of the charcoal containing bacteria obtained in Example 1 and seven other soil improvement materials, a growth test of tomato seedlings was conducted in the following manner. Gyotsuta (Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Vegetable Experiment Station Cultivation Laboratory) Cultivation overview Variety: Zuiko 102 Sowing: March 25th, Planting: April 11th, Survey: May 21st Liquid fertilizer: Otsuka No. 1 10 7.5g 5 times Otsuka No. 2 10 5.0g 5 times The results are shown in Table 10. The mixture of charcoal containing bacteria shows a remarkable growth-promoting effect on tomato growth compared to other soil conditioners.
Along with the remarkable increase in stem length and number of leaves, the above-ground fresh weight was 2.5 to 5.0 times that of other soil amendments. It was also revealed that the addition of this agent improved the soil chemistry to be suitable for tomato growth.

[Table] Example 9 (Regeneration of apple trees) At the end of May, 62 adult apple trees that were 20 to 30 years old and almost withered due to crest disease had a diameter measured from the trunk in a circle under the tree canopy. 20 holes of 15 cm and 50 cm deep were made, and the disease control and plant growth promoter of the present invention obtained in Example 1 (charcoal containing bacterial cells) was mixed with soil at a ratio of 50:50 and filled, and the rainy season was over. When inspected 60 days later, it was confirmed that 60 mature apple trees had sprouted new buds and were regenerating. Example 10 (Tomato nematode control and heterogeneous improvement) Disease control and plant growth promoter of the present invention obtained in Example 1 (charcoal containing fungal cells) in a hole for planting seedlings in a tomato field
30 tomato seedlings were planted in a 50:50 mixture of 50:50 and soil, and when they were cultivated and fruited, the roots of the tomatoes were examined and found that the roots of the control plot, where this agent was not applied, had symptoms caused by nematode nematode. In contrast, all 30 tomatoes in the area treated with this agent did not show any galls caused by the nematode, and the fruits of these tomatoes had a sweeter taste and improved fruit quality. I realized that it was being done. (Effects of the present invention) The present invention has succeeded in effectively combining and utilizing charcoal grains, thermophilic bacteria, and thermophilic actinomycetes, and particularly has the following remarkable effects. First, charcoal grain itself is effective as a soil conditioner. For example, 1. Improved water retention and fertilizer retention. 2 Improved water permeability. 3. Removal of harmful substances from water and air. 4 Adsorption and decomposition of secretions such as root acids secreted by roots. 5. Creates a suitable environment for crop growth due to carbon's thermal nonconductivity and charcoal's porosity that retains air volume. Furthermore, in the present invention, since thermophilic bacteria and thermophilic actinomycetes are immobilized and utilized, the following remarkable effects are achieved. 6 The thermophilic bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, has the following properties:
of cucumber seedling blight fungus, which is a soil pathogen.
The one that inhibits mycelial growth only in Rhizoctonia solani and the fungus that causes damping off of cucumber seedlings.
Pythium splendens or cucumber vine disease fungus.
There are three types of soil pathogenic fungi, including Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cucumerinum, that significantly inhibit mycelial growth. 7 The thermophilic actinomycete seed fungus is Pythium splendens.
inhibits mycelial growth. 8 Add 3 to 15% of the present invention agent into the soil,
Pythium splendens and Rhizoctonia, which cause damping-off of cucumber seedlings after a week of seedling growth.
solani were inoculated separately, but no disease onset was observed in either case, and a remarkable effect in suppressing the onset of disease was observed. 9. The roots effectively utilize the metabolites of the beneficial bacteria that are present in the encapsulation, and induce root elongation. 10 A symbiotic relationship is established in which the fungus uses root excrement as a nutritional source. 11 In practice, the amount of fertilizer applied to crops can be reduced to 1/2 to 1/3 or 1/10 of the conventional amount. 12 It is an efficient fungal fertilizer and can be applied intensively to the rhizosphere, so it can be used at 300kg per 10 acres of field.
It is possible to increase crop production by 20 to 50% with the amount of fertilizer applied, and the quality of the crops (sugar content, freshness, shelf life), etc. increases significantly. The current practice of 2 to 3 tons per 10 acres of compost can be significantly reduced in labor and resources. 13 The aforementioned effects can be confirmed in one season and one work. 14 In winter, the test bacteria exist as durable spores,
They can be germinated and reused the following year. In addition, charcoal is a semi-permanent product that can exist in the soil and maintain its composition and function for more than 10 years. Therefore, it is clear that if this product is continuously used in the soil for 5 years, the entire cultivated land will have significantly better quality soil. Therefore, continuous cropping disorders, soil-based physiological disorders, and soil diseases can be prevented over a long period of time. Furthermore, since this agent uses natural resources, it is harmless to human stocks and is an excellent agricultural microbial material that does not disrupt the agricultural ecosystem, making it a substance that can be immediately disseminated to farmers. 15 Furthermore, according to the present invention, human excrement can be made odorless and nontoxic, and can be effectively used, so that it is also effective in preventing pollution.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figures 1 to 3 illustrate the results of suppressing the onset of cucumber seedling blight by adding this agent. In other words, Figures 1 to 3 show the 3rd stage of sowing cucumber seeds.
Weeks later, Pythium seedling damping-off (Pythium blight)
splendens, Pythium splendens and Rhizoctonia
solani) into the soil and investigated the daily change in the percentage of dead plants. (However, the graph on the left side of Figure 2 shows the results when the pathogen was inoculated two weeks after sowing.) In the figure, ■-■...areas treated with this agent, ●-●...are untreated. Ward.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A mixture of charcoal grains and excrement fluid containing thermophilic bacteria and/or
Or a soil disease control/plant growth promoter characterized by inoculating, culturing, and fixing thermophilic actinomycetes. 2. Thermophilic bacteria and/or
Or a method for producing a soil disease control/plant growth promoter, which comprises inoculating, culturing, and fixing thermophilic actinomycetes.