JPH05502819A - Induction of liquid/solid interactions - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] / mutual two 〔Technical field〕 FIELD OF THE INVENTION This invention relates generally to interacting liquids and solids. Usually mass transfer occurs between a liquid and a solid, but this need not necessarily be the case. Mass transfer is liquid It may be administered to the body or from a liquid. The present invention includes leaching, ion exchange, crystallization, drying Applicable to drying, specific dissolution, sorption, torrefaction, solid particle catalyzed liquid phase reactions, and liquid-solid reactions. These methods are generally applied to chemical reactions. while contact takes place , ion or other exchange may take place, or one or more compounds may be absorbed, absorbed or may be chemically adsorbed or liberated. These compounds are usually ionic or molecular They may be colloidal or other aggregates, or mixtures or It may take another form. Depending on the conditions of a particular method, any number of chemical May contain substances. When the invention is applied to ion exchange, it Processing and/or regeneration can be used as a lick for the elution process.

In particular, the invention has been developed in the process of ion exchange to remove nitrates from water. , especially the reduction of water hardness, the selection of waterborne pollutants or substances such as metals and adsorbed pigments. Useful for selective removal or recovery.

The usual procedure is to contact a liquid with a solid, separate the liquid from the solid, and regenerate the solid. , and also bringing the liquid into contact with the solid. Solids, e.g. sorption/release substances, Usually insoluble, for example resins, clays, minerals, or glasses.

[Background technology]

To date, the standard procedure for working with solid/aqueous systems is to support the solid in a column. , operate the batch method, pass the processing solution, stop the processing solution, pass the regeneration solution, then process It is to allow liquid to pass through. This procedure is relatively complex. Furthermore, the size of the solid particles is It cannot be smaller than about 0.4-0.5*z, otherwise the surface tension of water In general, a particle size larger than 0.5zt is used because a sufficiently fast flow cannot be obtained under higher gravity. things were being done. Solids are usually in the form of beads (one standard bead) The particle size is 1. Izz), although it may have a coating of reactive substances , usually made entirely of reactive materials. The natural expansion and contraction of solids can lead to cracking and peeling. The small particles thus formed can clog the solid bed. be.

As an alternative to this method, continuous sedimentation by gravity has been proposed. in this case, The solid should be moved so that the falling speed (or the speed difference in N1# flowing upward) is reasonably fast. must have a particle size of The general view is that for sufficiently fast sedimentation This means that the diameter of the hole must be at least 0.5zx. these The procedure is complicated because beads may stick to the valves or valve piping used. , the beads may break up, causing undesirable blockage and insufficient velocity of sedimentation. This is because it becomes. Special proposal in British Patent G B-AI, 870,252 An alternating current method has been developed in which solids are effectively suspended.

There is no description of the particle size of the solid particles, but in practice they are at least 0.5zz in diameter. has been found to be necessary for successful operation. In another case, European patent Application EP-AO, 0+0.969 may cause blockage and excessive back pressure.

Separation of fine solid particles is difficult and the use of filter columns is impractical.

Therefore, when using particles, e.g. magnetic particles, agglomeration may be caused by coagulation. is suggested.

The concentration remains fairly constant and the amount of solids required is kept as low as possible. It would be desirable to provide such a continuously operating system.

[Disclosure of the invention]

The present invention provides a method for interacting a liquid with a solid, in which solid particles are placed in a liquid. Forming a suspension, the solid particles and liquid move in the same direction, and the liquid interacts with the solid particles. liquid is removed from the suspension, preferably in cross-flow (c rossflow) consisting of removing the solid particles by F flow and recycling the solid particles. Give the method. The invention also provides a plant for carrying out the method of the invention.

The invention particularly relates to the cocurrer transfer of liquids and discrete solid particles. When using a combination of flow and cross flow (or associated barrier P legality), without the drawbacks of excessive pressure drops and the risk of blockage or blockage experienced in system systems. wear and tear and associated mechanical blockages and losses commonly associated with continuous systems. For example, it has the advantage of increasing the reaction rate of fine resin without causing have

The method of the invention is simple and effective. It is possible to reduce the size of the plant The cost of the equipment can be reduced. The method is continuous or nearly continuous. can be done.

The present invention can be used for the contacting stage and the regeneration stage, or even for the regeneration stage. It may be used alone or only in the contacting step.

The operating particle size can be made so small that particle fragmentation or crushing no longer occurs significantly. If you wish, you can incorporate regular valve piping. Ru.

Therefore, the present invention can be applied even if the material is fine from the beginning or as a result of abrasion during the process. Fine materials can be used even if they are crushed into fine materials.

W raw A crawl 1 The particles may have any suitable form, such as fibers, platelets, or more conventional It may have a spherical or spheroidal shape. Field of spherical or spheroidal particles particle size can be thought of as the size that passes through a sieve (giving the nominal diameter). ) Generally, the particle size here is the size that passes through a sieve or mesh.

Constraints on the maximum particle size of particles include volume, surface area, minimum or maximum offered area, maximum Depending on a number of different factors such as large area, minimum size and maximum size It concerns the economic operating conditions of the individual process. about 1zz (or especially 1.1zt) standard particle sizes can be used; however, especially in large plants, the particles It is preferable that the ratio is small compared to that used in the method and therefore an effective ratio table. The area is larger and the exchange/sorption/dissolution/reaction rates are higher. Relative particle size The reduction increases the apparent number of sites available for action, but more importantly increases the rate of reaction. It is possible to increase the degree of Better random contact, especially lower It is done in concentration. Particle size can be optimized to suit specific process conditions. However, the solids may be sieved as they are supplied, for example to remove fine particles. It can be used without any restrictions. Generally the particle size is determined by e.g. a packed column or filter bed. The particle size, which is preferably smaller than that selected for use in the ．． 4 or 03x position, or preferably smaller than 0.25 or 0.2I. Yes.

In general, particles do not need to be formed by grinding methods, but the particle size depends on the particle size of the powdered solid. can do. Upper limit on particle size limits reaction rate and keeps large particles in suspension The limits imposed by the energy and pumping required for Happens frequently. Although there is not necessarily an advantage to using larger particles, There is no reason why it is better not to use them. Nevertheless, the advantages of the present invention are The reason is that it is possible to use particles with a smaller particle size than usual. There is no theoretical lower limit to the particle size that can be used, but in practice approximately 0.2 or Q, 1μ Smaller particles would not be used; a particle size of 0.1μ is a microfilter. This particle size is determined by the cut-off particle size when ultrafiltration is used. could be made even smaller.

It is more practical that a particle size of 0.4 or 0.5 microns is a practical minimum. deer However, particle sizes smaller than 50μ tend to become creamy in water, making dehydration difficult. stomach.

To give a specific example, for the ion exchange resin used in the examples below, 100μ There is no practical advantage seen in having smaller particle sizes.The particle size range is 50 to It may be 120μ or 100 to 200μ, but in the case of activated carbon it may be 100 to 600μ. good.

A difference between L student and A student The concentration or weight (w/w) ratio of solid to liquid can be chosen appropriately, e.g. The absorbent solids consisting of , have a relatively small capacity and need to be used in high concentrations. Become Suspensions or slurries can remain fluid with up to 60% solids; Others become solid at 2%. The concentration should be such that it can be suspended and pumped. It must be at a certain degree. Need to say that the suspension is ready for pumping Within the conditions, the nature of the suspension and the actual solids content will vary depending on the application. 0 For example, the proportion of solids may be as low as 0.2% or even lower; may be greater than 20% or 30%. In a plant, different parts e.g. Different concentrations may be present in the processing and regeneration stages. Generally in liquid The concentration of solids is relatively low during simultaneous transfer and interaction, e.g. less than about 10% by weight, Preferably it can be from about 5% to about 1%.

Hair fried rice 3 In any form of turbulent flow or other suspension in which solid particles and liquids are mixed well in a random manner can also be used, for example by providing a tank with a propeller or a fluidized bed. More intimate mixing can be achieved. Suspension does not need to be a stable suspension . That is, if there is no flow or agitation, solid particles may settle or rise; The technology is a kind of fluidized bed method. In general terms, particles are discrete, i.e. It will not be agglomerated.

Solids and liquids may be brought together and then randomly introduced into a well-mixed chamber. good. However, one step is to form a 5 suspension and then convert that suspension into a substantially The feed is sent along a long feed pipe with a residence time to a filter where separation takes place. The tube may have a length of, for example, 1 to 2.5 mm.

Generally, contact times are preferably greater than about 1 or 2 minutes and less than about 20 minutes, e.g. Time 0, for example about 4 or 5 minutes, is determined as appropriate to particle size, degree of agitation, and reaction rate. Selected minute m The separation or liquid removal step may be performed in any suitable manner. The separation stage is , the contacting step need not take place in the same room as the one in which it occurred. But the mixture is preferably sent to a filter, which filter can be any suitable filter. A filter may be used, but a crossf low filter is preferable. However, it may also be used in an end-sealed manner. The advantages of using an end closure method are far more numerous. Quantities of flow can sometimes be obtained and can be as much as 20 times higher. So For example, the filter described in the above-mentioned British patent GB-A 2,1115.906 or It may be as described in US Pat. No. 4,765,906. separation stage The stage is the film formation process, the slag formation process of the contact material, and sometimes the regeneration and filtration of the contact material. The cleaning process while it is on the furnace, the crushing process of the furnace slag, e.g. G B-A 2,185,906 or described in U.S. Patent No. 4.765,906 Crushing using rollers as described, if it is an end-blocked filter. Releasing the closed end and cleaning process; alternatively, a bag filter was used. In some cases, the method may include the step of inverting the filter with an insert member such as a piston.

Flexible filters are preferred. However, the filter does not have to be flexible; A flat sheet filter can be used and the P slag can be scraped off the filter afterwards. It can be dropped. contact step, if appropriate for the particular method. can be done in or on the filter itself. In such cases, the filter and then coated with solid and fixed it on the filter in the following manner. Set. Regeneration can be done on the filter.

Filters reduce wear on the contacting materials and reduce the presence of submicron particles. The effect of such abrasion is reduced in that it can remove liquid even if it is present. Ru. Cross-flow filters allow you to maintain a constant concentration of solids in the liquid and can be maintained for at least a long period of time between filter cleaning operations. .

After separation, the solid particles are in the form of a suspension, e.g. a slurry. Preferably, sufficient liquid remains to facilitate recirculation.

At the end of the separation stage, a batch of the same solid (regenerated) or a different solid may be sent to a further contacting stage using batches of

K main R1 The solids may be regenerated, which can be done at the location where the separation is performed or elsewhere. Ru. Typical regeneration is done by immersion in a suitable fluid, e.g. Replacement may be done by soaking the resin in salt water, caustic or acid washing, leaching, such as gas elution, heating, irradiation with light or other electromagnetic waves, application of electric current or physical shock. Any suitable method may be used. After regeneration, the solids are made suitable for reuse or disposal. Additional cleaning or flushing may be required to restore condition. There will be.

For regeneration, the method of the invention itself can be used. The method is solid into a liquid to form a suspension, and pass the suspension through a filter. The solids are retained by the filter, and then the liquid is passed through the filter in the opposite direction to remove the solids. A method of bringing a liquid into contact with a solid by forming a suspension away from a filter. It is the law.

The filter is preferably in the form of a bag filter to have a large holding capacity. Yes. Its method of operation requires no special cleaning process itself; You can keep the filter clean. Suspending solids in a weak regenerant for regeneration and then removed from the filter using a strong regenerant. to wash The solids are suspended in the first wash liquid and then filtered using the second wash liquid. can be separated from Usually both steps are applied sequentially with different filters. It will be.

Regeneration is a means of removing liquid from a suspension to keep solid particles from that suspension. This is done by returning the suspension to the chamber where it was stored and withdrawing the suspension from that chamber for regeneration. Preferably. In other words, the solid particles are recirculated without being regenerated and are then recirculated in another regeneration circuit. is preferably maintained. Alternatively, when the solid particles are recycled to the suspension chamber , an outflow may be provided to remove a portion of the image particles.

lλ role 1 The final stage is the reflux stage, which collects the regenerated or unregenerated solids if the solids are If each other does not remain in place, perform the procedure at a controlled or measured speed. It is done when returning to reintroduce to the starting point.

Continuous methods exist where solid particles are slowly drained for release or regeneration. The solid particles may be It may be replaced depending on the place where the chestnut is supplied. On average, solid particles are can be recycled at least about twice, such as about three or four times, the amount of water. large amount Recirculation improves solids utilization by using its full capacity and reduces the use of solids. The concentration can be higher and the quality of the product can be more constant.

Special uses of Book B The liquid does not necessarily have to be water, but often will be. The present invention has low When removing undesirable substances from water that are present in concentrations, e.g. nitrates, boron, It is particularly useful when reducing concentrations of strontium or cesium. present invention The advantage of filtration is the low pressure difference, e.g. 350,250 or 200 kPa. Pressure differentials as low as about 150,100, or even 50kPa can be used. can be used, thereby allowing large volumes, e.g., more than about 10 or 20 shoulders/hour Large volumes can be processed, which is particularly useful in woodworking.

Other uses being considered include: Used to purify liquids. The use or regeneration of powdered activated carbon, e.g. for pesticides or trace amounts such as triheromethane. removal of other organic contaminants; To remove emulsions such as paint from water, i.e. water, oil and gas emulsions. Use of powdered activated carbon to remove organic matter such as oil and butane gas from Regular activated carbon will not be recycled): the use or reclamation of magnetite or other renewable or non-renewable flocculants; Biologically or other naturally derived materials for treating process fluids such as radioactive waste The use of filtered absorbents (here special filters such as woven carbon or glass fibers) , or stainless steel or phosphor bronze may be used); continuous ion exchange, general The ions normally exchanged are regenerated.

LL Danm The invention will be further described by way of examples with reference to the drawings.

In the drawing, Figures 1 to 4 show three different plants for carrying out the method of the invention. Figures 5a and 5b are schematic route diagrams, and Figures 5a and 5b are route diagrams of the pilot plant. ri, and Figure 6 shows the sock filter section of the plant of Figures 5a and 5b. FIG.

The same numbers are used throughout for parts that perform the same function.

”-Fig. The contact solid and process liquid are mixed in tank 1 and wrapped around a cylinder by a pump. feed through a long flexible hose 2 of large diameter to provide substantial contact time and Base 2 acts as a contact chamber. The length of hose 2 is 1.75m, and the flow rate is 7 minutes per 2 degrees. can give a residence time of about 1 minute.

Adequate mixing is required to ensure sufficient contact, and pumping action typically Good contact is provided in mixing tank 2, but if desired, agitation is provided in mixing tank 1. You can also put a container in it. Solids and liquids are mixed simultaneously in both agitated mixing tank 1 and hose 2. move in a specific manner. Substantial residence time in hose 2 makes tank 1 smaller and/or the residence time in the tank I can be shortened. next The mixture is sent to a cross-flow filter device 3 from which a clean process stream is taken from 4. vinegar.

At least two reproduction methods are possible. In the first method, a regenerating agent (regenerating agent) is used. ) is fed from a storage tank (not shown) onto the solids on the filter, and the solids will be played on the filter. After regeneration, the solids are separated from the filter and It is sent back along the recirculation conduit 5 to the mixing tank l. The second method filters solids The solids are separated and sent to a contact tank, then the solids are regenerated, filtered, washed and sent to a mixing tank. Go back to 1. The method used depends on the ease of reproduction, but basically the first method is used. method is faster and easier than the second method.

Other methods can be used, especially solids (e.g. powdered activated carbon) can be used when it is cheaper to discharge the solids, but the method does not require the solids to be recycled later. It can be used even when Concentrate solids without regeneration on filter 3 It is recycled along conduit 5 as a slurry or suspension. In this way, the solid For example, it can be recirculated an average of 20 times before being regenerated or discharged. recirculation can be carried out during normal cross-flow or as a step to remove solids from the filter. A step can be incorporated to ensure that the removed solids are immediately recycled.

Standard parts including level gauges, one-way valves, stop valves and pressure gauges It is shown on the side. There is a flow meter 6 and an electronic controller 7 for the main pump 8.

Filter 3 is as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,765,906. can be made into something.

Strategy 1 An end-blocked cross-flow filter device It, i.e. a cross-flow filter device with the outlet valve closed. Use position. A contact chamber is not shown but may be included if desired6. snack.

Sufficient contact will be made with the tank 1 and the piping equipment.

A recirculation conduit 12 is shown upstream of filter 6.

Regeneration can be performed as described above.

1 unit V The plant of FIG. 3 is similar to that of FIG. Container 13 was taken out from 4 Shown for collecting treated water, resin supply tank 14 is connected to mixing tank 1 Indicated to supply. There is a conduit 15 for supplying untreated water . However, a further cross-flow filter 16 is shown in the second recirculation conduit 17. The conduit also includes a device 18 for regenerating the resin and cleaning it. .

The filter 16, which can be used in a cross-flow or end-sealed mode, has a resin in the device 18. Further liquid is removed from the resin before being sent to the resin. The resin body passes through conduit 5 Conduit 1 has enough to be recirculated and to maintain adequate recirculation levels. 7.

1 spoonful The contacting stage of the plant in Figure 4 is similar to that described under the alternative in Figure 1. Ru. Process liquid is supplied from 21 and resin suspension or slurry is supplied from 22 to supply tank 1. be provided.

The suspension in the feed tank 1 is removed from 23 by the feed pump 8 and cross-flowed Pass through filter 3. In filter 3 the liquid is removed and the liquid content is reduced. A small amount of solid suspension or slurry is returned to feed tank 1 from 5 while being removed. The liquid comes out from 4.

The regeneration process is a countercurrent regeneration process with multiple simultaneous steps. Effluent 24 has a variable flow rate. The reciprocating piston pump 25 provides a suitable into a suitable type of thickener 26. The pump 25 controls the solids concentration and therefore the solids in the system. Control maintenance time. P liquid is removed from 27 and returned to supply tank 1. dark The oxidized solids are sent into a tank 28 containing a weak regenerant, where they are to form a suspension. The suspension is filtered through a reversible sock filter by pump 29. 30, the P liquid is returned to tank 28, and the solids remain in filter 30. Retained. After these steps are repeated a sufficient number of times, close the valves 3I and 32. , ``Open three valves and 34. There is another tank 35 containing a strong regenerant; The regenerant is pumped through the filter 30 in the reverse direction by a pump 36. 0 is backwashed, the solids retained in the filter 30 are taken out, and they are added to the suspension. and send the suspension to head tank 37 (if required). Strong regenerant The suspension of solids placed in the tank is discharged through head tanks 37 to 38 and placed in a rotating vacuum. A second concentrator 39 of a suitable type is exemplified as a filter. device 39 The furnace liquid from Return to crude drug tank 35.

For rinsing, the concentrated resin from the thickener 39 is sent to the rinsing tank 42, where it is Add the grated liquid. There it is mixed with a rinsing liquid to form a suspension and the suspension The material is fed by bong 143 through the second sock filter 44 and into the rinsing tank 42. Return to. After repeating these steps an appropriate number of times, valves 45 and 46 are closed, and valve 47 is closed. ．． Open 48. There is a resin solution tank 49 containing replenishment liquid, which is pumped. Pass through the sock filter 44 in the opposite direction using The retained solids are removed and form a suspension in tank 49. tank 4 9 to the regenerated Kokutai in the suspension via the one-way transport pump 51 to the supply tank 1. return.

Excess rinse liquid is removed from tank 42 and spent regenerant is removed from tank 28. Start out.

The spent liquid is removed in a continuous small stream, keeping the concentration in the system virtually constant. do. Therefore, there is no need for large balancing tanks and mixing.

Figures 5a and 5b Figures 5a and 5b should be viewed by connecting the right end of the former and the left end of the latter. be.

The pilot plants in Figures 5a and 5b are based on the plant in Figure 4. Ru.

In the contacting stage (Fig. 5a) a number of filters 3 are used; It is divided into two blocks, each operated by its own pump 8. fill Those blocks of the ter 3 can be operated independently or together to obtain the desired capacity. can. Filter 3 is described in US Pat. No. 4,765.906, No. 11.1. 2.17, I) Curtain modules as described in figures la and 1llb (curtain modules) each having a counter pressure ball valve 60. centre The filter 3 drains into a dish 61 which has an outlet with a non-return valve and from which the treatment is discharged. the treated water tank 62 or, if it is an unacceptable amount, the supply tank. It can flow out from 63 into 1. US Patent No. 4,765,906 For cleaning filter 3, as generally described in the The device is present. Take out the treated water from the treated water tank 62 and pump it. It is sent by a hose reel 65 to a movable spray nozzle 66 by a hose reel 64 and filtered. There is a mechanism in which the spray nozzle 66 is carried by a moving device 67. . The supply tank 1 is equipped with a jet mixing pump 68, which mixes solids and liquids well. It forms a good suspension. A spiral meter 69 is present in the supply pipe 21. Exists. The treated water tank 62 contains a V-shaped weir 70, which forms another chamber 71. from which the treated water is pumped to pump 72 (controlled by level switch 73). The water is then sent to a make-up water tank 74 with a capacity of 21, for example.

In the regeneration phase (FIG. 5b), each concentrator 26.39 is provided with a suction auxiliary device 75.76. is accompanied by Furnace liquid from thickener 26 is sent through tube 27a according to quality. is sent to the supply tank 1 by the pump 77 or through the pipe 27b to the port. The treated water is sent by pump 78 to treated water tank 62 . The P liquid from the concentrator 39 is 40a and returned to the strong regenerant tank 35 by pump 79 or 4. Ob and sent by pump 80 to supply tank 1 or via pipe 8 1 to either tanks 28, 35, 42 or 49. Re A biochemical saturator 82 is shown for supplying regenerant to the strong regenerant tank 35.

There is an overflow feed 83 from the strong regenerator tank 35 to the weak regenerator tank 28. weak A stirrer 84 is provided in the regeneration tank 28 . Wasted from weak regenerant tank 28 There is an overflow pipe 85 to the water tank 86 through which it overflows into the sump 87 and the pump 88.

During the rinsing process, the rinsing tank 42 has an overflow pipe 89 leading to a waste water tank 86, Tank 49 has a safety overflow pipe 90 leading to wastewater tank 86. Tank 49 is solid and a stirrer 91 for forming a suspension.

A makeup water line 92 is provided for starting.

In any figure, two or more mixing tanks 1 can be used in parallel. Figure 1? In Figure 4, two or more filters 3 or 11 or 16 can be used in parallel. Wear. If an end-blocking type filter device is used, filter 3. Can be operated in a semi-continuous manner by switching from 11 or 16 to the other can.

1 V FIG. 6 illustrates a sock filter 30 or 44.

Filter 30.44 consists of two cylindrical shapes bolted together at flange 102. It has a case 101. The flanges 102 have a suitable backing between them. The flange 103 and the flange of the two stainless steel conical cages 104 inside the case are The six filter cloths 105 sandwiching the flanges of the filter cloths 105 have conical openings. It has a flange at the end and is sewn to form a cone of the same size as the conical basket 104. It is. The basket 104 prevents the filter cloth 105 from spreading too much and tearing, i.e. , they float and hold the filter cloth 105 restrained.

Filter cloth 105 may be formed from polyester, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,765. , No. 906, Figures 17 to 111a, It may consist of layers.

Example 1 Using the plant shown in Figure 1 on a laboratory scale, the nitrate concentration in water was determined as NO, 93% g/l. From 13mg#! reduced to below.

As a powder with a particle size in the range of 5 to 90 μm [Duolite Microionet] Duolite N1croionex A○H” ion exchange resin (low The contact time was 1 minute. identification When referring to ion exchange resin, what kind of suitable powder anionic resin is used? May be used. Preferably the concentration is greater than 0.05%, with 0.1% being effective. Yes, preferably about 0.2%. At this particular initial nitrate concentration greater than 0.2% There appears to be no significant advantage in having such a concentration.

Filter 3 is shown in FIGS. 5 to 1θ and 17 of U.S. Pat. No. 4,765.906. It was similar to that described with respect to FIGS. U.S. Patent Nos. 4 and 7 No. 65.906 describes how to remove residual retained solids from filter 3. It explains what can be done. The pressure difference through filter 3 is 150kPa , and a suitable range is 10 (1-200kPa).

Example 2 Using the plant shown in Figure 3 on a laboratory scale, the concentration of nitrate in water can be measured as NO) l00z decreased from y# to l1zy, #. 0.1% by weight of the same resin as in Example 1 It is supplied as a slurry in water at a concentration of A portion of the slurry was recycled to mixing tank 1 via conduit 5. Valve the outflow flow and flowed into a filter 16 operated in an end-closed manner. Do it like this The resulting product water is combined with that from filter 3 and collected in tank 13. collected. Once sufficient resin has been collected in the filter 16, open the valve and remove the salt solution. The resin was washed with a regenerating agent and placed in a tank 18 for regeneration. After salt solution Clean the filter 16 with a small amount of product water and then reinstall the filter. It was used as an end-blocking filter.

Other details were the same as in Example 1.

Example 3 Using the plant shown in Figure 5 on a pilot plant scale, the nitrate concentration in groundwater can be measured by NO. 1 from about 60mg/l to 19ag#! decreased to Total flow rate is 11.91’/hour there were. The groundwater contained no detectable solids. 9 pieces of length 81 each Filter 3 was used.

"Purolite J A320E ion exchange resin, 50~ It was used as a powder with a particle size in the range of 100 μl.

The resin is measured by the pump 51 at a rate such that the resin becomes 0.2% by weight of the raw material water. However, due to the dynamics of the system, the resin concentration in supply tank 1 is It was much higher, that is, about 1.25%. At steady state, the total resin content in the system is It weighed approximately 11 kg. The effluent pump 25 pumps at approximately 10,001/hour and pumps 16 of the feed. % has been reached. The pressure in filter 3 is approximately 175kPa, up to 200kPa (Even at higher pressures, if the raw water were to pass through filter 3) may be used if it contains solid substances that are harmful to the human body). Filter 3 is Approximately 96% of the water was removed from the suspension entering filter 3. resin recirculated It was recycled to the feed tank an average of about 4 times before being removed.

Thickener 26.39 was operated to discharge solids at a concentration of 50% by weight. Fi The router 30 was backwashed by backflow after 3 minutes at each regeneration step. 10% by weight chloride Sodium solution is used as a strong regenerant and 5% by weight sodium chloride solution is used as a weak regenerant. It was used as a herbal medicine.

The desired nitrate concentration is obtained in the treated water and the chloride is less than 2001g/l’ It was. Water recovery was approximately 84%.

The average residence time in the feed tank 1, piping equipment and filter 3 is approximately 4 or 5 minutes. there were.

Filter 3 is of U.S. Pat. No. 4,765.906, No. 11.12.17.18a. and +8b.

However, since there were no solids present in the raw water, the cleaning process was unnecessary. Ta. Some of the resin deposited on the folds of the filter support formed a film, but the resin The remaining fat did not form a significant layer.

Example 4 Example 3 was repeated using a different feed water. Nitrate concentration is No, 43j position 3 /1 to 1665-18 shoulder g/! decreased to

Example 5 Example 5 is similar to Example 3, but using the following different conditions: Amount of resin introduced: 0.8% by weight of raw water Concentration in feed tank: 5% by weight Total resin content: 44ky Water recovery rate = 96% Although the invention has been described above purely by way of example, modifications may be made within the spirit of the invention. Can be done.

Ni゛-゛-°-°-゛-゛-゛-゛-11FIG, 6゜ Submission of translation of written amendment (Patent Is184M8) April 6, 1992

Claims (17)

[Claims] 1. forming a suspension of solid particles in a liquid; The liquid is moved in the same direction while in contact with the solid particles, and then the suspension is liquid and solid particles, comprising removing the liquid from the liquid and recycling the solid particles. How to interact with. 2. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the liquid is removed from the suspension by cross-flow filtration. 3. 3. A method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the solid particles are continuously recycled. 4. After the liquid is removed from the suspension, the solid particles remain in the suspension. 4. A method according to claim 1, wherein the liquid is left behind and the solid particles are recycled. Law. 5. Claim 1: A portion of the solid particles is continuously removed and discharged or regenerated and recycled. 4. The method according to any one of 4 to 4. 6. Solid particles are regenerated by passing them continuously along a regeneration circuit A method according to any one of claims 1 to 5. 7. There is a chamber in which the suspension is maintained and from which the suspension is removed for regeneration. 7. The method according to claim 6. 8. A suspension is formed from the solids placed in a weak regenerant and the suspension is sent to a filter. The filter retains the solids, and the strong regenerant is passed through the filter in the opposite direction. removing the solids from the filter and forming a suspension of the solids in the strong regenerant; 8. The method according to claim 6 or 7. 9. The solids are regenerated by treatment with a regenerant, and then the solids are placed in a first wash liquid. forming a suspension and passing the suspension through a filter which removes the solids; Retain the remaining liquid and pass the second cleaning liquid in the opposite direction through the filter. separating the solids from the liquid to form a suspension of the solids in the second wash liquid. The method according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the method is cleaned by washing. 10. 10. The method of any one of claims 1-9, wherein the particle size is about 1 mm or less. 11. Claims 1 to 10, wherein the liquid is water and the solid is present in the water at a low concentration. The method described in any one of the above. 12. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the solid comprises nitrate ions. 13. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the solid is an ion exchange resin. . 14. When solid particles and liquid are moved and brought into contact, the solid particles in the liquid 14. The method of any one of claims 1-13, wherein the concentration is about 10% or less. 15. Ensure that the solid particles are recycled an average of at least about two times before being regenerated or discharged. 15. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 14. 16. In a blunt for making a liquid interact with a solid, in which maintaining a suspension of solid particles, thereby drawing said solids and said liquid together; a chamber having means for acting, for supplying said solid and said liquid to said chamber; means for removing liquid from said suspension; and means for removing said solid particles from said suspension. A blunt comprising means for recirculating liquid from the liquid removal means to said chamber. 17. Claim 1 wherein the means for removing liquid from the suspension is a cross-flow filter. 6. The blunt described in 6.