JPH054820A - Vitrification of metallic foreign matter generated by reaction with molybdenum electrode in molten glass - Google Patents
Vitrification of metallic foreign matter generated by reaction with molybdenum electrode in molten glassInfo
- Publication number
- JPH054820A JPH054820A JP18176791A JP18176791A JPH054820A JP H054820 A JPH054820 A JP H054820A JP 18176791 A JP18176791 A JP 18176791A JP 18176791 A JP18176791 A JP 18176791A JP H054820 A JPH054820 A JP H054820A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- glass
- electrode
- furnace
- melting furnace
- metallic foreign
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000006060 molten glass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 19
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 19
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 title claims description 19
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 4
- 238000004017 vitrification Methods 0.000 title description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006025 fining agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000005355 lead glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005300 metallic glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
- C03B5/16—Special features of the melting process; Auxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
- C03B5/167—Means for preventing damage to equipment, e.g. by molten glass, hot gases, batches
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
- C03B5/16—Special features of the melting process; Auxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
- C03B5/167—Means for preventing damage to equipment, e.g. by molten glass, hot gases, batches
- C03B5/1677—Means for preventing damage to equipment, e.g. by molten glass, hot gases, batches by use of electrochemically protection means, e.g. passivation of electrodes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
- C03B5/16—Special features of the melting process; Auxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
- C03B5/42—Details of construction of furnace walls, e.g. to prevent corrosion; Use of materials for furnace walls
- C03B5/425—Preventing corrosion or erosion
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Glass Melting And Manufacturing (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、ガラス溶融炉における
溶融ガラス中のモリブテン電極との反応により発生する
金属異物のガラス化方法に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for vitrifying metallic foreign matters generated by a reaction with a molybdenum electrode in molten glass in a glass melting furnace.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】モリブテン電極によるガラスの直接通電
加熱は、熱効率が良い、ガラス原料の飛散を少なくする
などの理由から、年々その利用が増加して来ているが、
鉛、ヒ素、アンチモニーなどの還元され易い金属イオン
を含むガラスを、モリブテン電極を用いて直接通電法に
より加熱溶融する場合には、これらの金属酸化物が、モ
リブテン電極により還元されて、金属状態となって析出
し、ガラス溶融炉の底面耐火物上に沈積する。本来、こ
れらの金属イオンは、ガラス成分の一部てあったり、清
澄剤であるために、金属状態となって沈積することは原
料費の上昇、清澄作用の阻害を招くだけでなく、これら
沈積した金属異物が、ガラス溶融炉の底面耐火物を侵食
して炉の寿命を短くし、更に製品中にも流出して、重大
なガラス欠陥となる。2. Description of the Related Art The use of direct current heating of glass by molybdenum electrodes has been increasing year by year for reasons such as high thermal efficiency and less scattering of glass raw materials.
When a glass containing a metal ion such as lead, arsenic, or antimony, which is easily reduced, is heated and melted by a direct energization method using a molybdenum electrode, these metal oxides are reduced by the molybdenum electrode to form a metal state. And deposits on the refractory at the bottom of the glass melting furnace. Originally, since these metal ions are part of the glass component or are fining agents, depositing them in a metallic state not only causes an increase in raw material costs and an inhibition of the fining action, but also these deposits. The metal foreign matter erodes the bottom refractory of the glass melting furnace, shortens the life of the furnace, and further flows into the product to cause a serious glass defect.
【０００３】この種の金属異物の析出を防ぐ方法とし
て、モリブテン電極に直流の正極を接続し、上述の金属
酸化物が還元されることを防ぐ方法や、加熱用電流とし
て超低周波交流を用いる方法などが考案されているが、
いずれの方法も、ある程度の金属異物析出を抑える効果
はあっても、完全に防ぐことは出来ず、結果として溶融
炉の炉底に金属異物が沈積し、炉底耐火物を侵食し、炉
の寿命を縮め、製品中にガラス欠陥を生ぜしめる。As a method for preventing the precipitation of this kind of metallic foreign matter, a DC positive electrode is connected to the molybdenum electrode to prevent the above metal oxides from being reduced, and a super low frequency AC is used as a heating current. Although methods have been devised,
Although either method has the effect of suppressing the precipitation of metal foreign matter to some extent, it cannot be prevented completely, and as a result, metal foreign matter is deposited on the furnace bottom of the melting furnace, erodes the furnace bottom refractory, and It shortens the service life and causes glass defects in the product.
【０００４】[0004]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】本発明は上記事情に鑑
みてなされたもので、本発明の目的はモリブテン電極に
よって還元され、炉底に沈積する金属異物をガラス溶融
炉の溶融ガラス中においてガラス化する方法を提供する
ことである。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to eliminate metallic foreign matters reduced by a molybdenum electrode and deposited on the furnace bottom in a molten glass of a glass melting furnace. Is to provide a method of
【０００５】[0005]
【課題を解決するための手段】すなわち本発明の溶融ガ
ラス中の金属異物のガラス化方法は、ガラス溶融炉の溶
融ガラス中に電極を配設して直流電源の負極に接続する
とともに、ガラス溶融炉中の側面に設置されたモリブテ
ン電極の直下の炉底部に導電性耐火物を配設して直流電
源の正極に接続してなり、前記直流電源の負極に析出す
る金属をガラス溶融炉外へ排出させる一方、前記導電性
耐火物の炉底部上に沈積する金属異物を酸化させること
によりガラス化することを特徴とする。That is, the method for vitrifying metallic foreign matter in molten glass according to the present invention is to dispose an electrode in the molten glass of a glass melting furnace to connect it to the negative electrode of a DC power source and to melt the glass. A conductive refractory is placed at the bottom of the furnace directly below the molybdenum electrode installed on the side surface of the furnace and connected to the positive electrode of the DC power source, and the metal deposited on the negative electrode of the DC power source is outside the glass melting furnace. While being discharged, the metallic foreign matter deposited on the bottom of the conductive refractory material is oxidized to be vitrified.
【０００６】[0006]
【作用】本発明では、モリブテン電極下方の炉底部が導
電性耐火物で形成してあり、これに直流電源の正極が接
続してあるため、モリブテン電極により還元されて該炉
底部上に存在する金属に電流が流れる結果、該金属は電
気化学的反応により電子を導電性耐火物に放出して酸化
されることにより正イオンとなり、溶融してガラス化す
る。例えば鉛ガラスにおける鉛金属の場合、Ｐｂ−２ｅ
→Ｐｂ2+となる。他方、ガラス溶融炉の溶融ガラス中に
配設され、直流電源の負極に接続されている電極には、
ガラス中に含まれる金属イオン、特に鉛、ヒ素、アンチ
モニー等還元され易い金属イオンが電極から電子を受け
取って還元され、金属として該電極の表面に析出する。
この負極の電極はオーバーフロー部等汚いガラスを溶融
炉から排出する場所に設けられており、電極の表面に析
出した金属は汚いガラスと共に溶融炉外へ排出される。In the present invention, the bottom of the furnace below the molybdenum electrode is made of a conductive refractory, and the positive electrode of the DC power source is connected to this, so that the molybdenum electrode is reduced to exist on the bottom of the furnace. As a result of the electric current flowing through the metal, the metal releases electrons into the conductive refractory due to an electrochemical reaction and is oxidized to become positive ions, which melts and vitrifies. For example, in the case of lead metal in lead glass, Pb-2e
→ It becomes Pb 2+ . On the other hand, the electrode arranged in the molten glass of the glass melting furnace and connected to the negative electrode of the DC power source,
Metal ions contained in the glass, particularly metal ions such as lead, arsenic, and antimony, which are easily reduced, receive electrons from the electrode and are reduced, and are deposited as metal on the surface of the electrode.
The electrode of this negative electrode is provided at a place such as an overflow portion where the dirty glass is discharged from the melting furnace, and the metal deposited on the surface of the electrode is discharged outside the melting furnace together with the dirty glass.
【０００７】[0007]
【実施例】次に、本発明である溶融ガラス中のモリブテ
ン電極との反応によって発生する金属異物のガラス化方
法について、その実施例を図面を参照して説明する。EXAMPLES Next, examples of the vitrification method of metallic foreign substances generated by the reaction with the molybdenum electrode in the molten glass according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
【０００８】図１は本発明の方法が適用されるガラス溶
融炉を示す。ガラス溶融炉１本体は通常のガラス溶融炉
に使用されているＡｌ2 Ｏ3 −ＺｒＯ2 −ＳｉＯ2 系電
鋳煉瓦、Ａｌ2 Ｏ3 系電鋳煉瓦の耐火物２で構築され、
ガラス原料投入口３と、流出口４と、オーバーフロー部
５と、モリブテン電極６とを有している。ガラス原料７
は、ガラス原料投入口３からガラス溶融炉１内に投入さ
れ、モリブテン電極６による通電加熱、通電とガスによ
る併用加熱等の加熱手段により高温下で溶融されガラス
化される。溶融ガラス８は流出口４を通った後ガラス溶
融炉１から取り出され、ガラス製品に成形される。スカ
ム等が浮遊する汚れた溶融ガラス８の表面層は、オーバ
ーフロー部５よりガラス溶融炉１外へ排出される。FIG. 1 shows a glass melting furnace to which the method of the present invention is applied. The main body of the glass melting furnace 1 is constructed of Al 2 O 3 —ZrO 2 —SiO 2 type electroformed brick and Al 2 O 3 type electroformed brick refractory 2 which are used in ordinary glass melting furnaces.
It has a glass raw material inlet 3, an outlet 4, an overflow portion 5, and a molybdenum electrode 6. Glass raw material 7
Is charged into the glass melting furnace 1 through the glass raw material charging port 3, and is melted and vitrified at a high temperature by heating means such as energization heating by the molybdenum electrode 6 and combined heating by energization and gas. The molten glass 8 is taken out of the glass melting furnace 1 after passing through the outflow port 4, and molded into a glass product. The dirty surface layer of the molten glass 8 on which the scum and the like float is discharged from the overflow section 5 to the outside of the glass melting furnace 1.
【０００９】上記のガラス溶融炉１において、本発明で
はモリブテン電極６下方の炉底部９が導電性耐火物１０
で形成されている。導電性耐火物１０としては、例えば
酸化クロム、酸化ジルコニウム、酸化スズ等高温で導電
性を有する耐火物がある。図示した実施例においては導
電性耐火物１０は炉底部９の耐火物間に組み込まれて設
けてあるが、平板状にして炉底部９の耐火物２の上に載
置して設けることもできる。In the above glass melting furnace 1, in the present invention, the furnace bottom 9 below the molybdenum electrode 6 is made of a conductive refractory material 10.
Is formed by. Examples of the conductive refractory material 10 include refractory materials having conductivity at high temperatures such as chromium oxide, zirconium oxide, and tin oxide. In the illustrated embodiment, the conductive refractory material 10 is installed between the refractory materials of the furnace bottom portion 9, but it may be formed into a flat plate and placed on the refractory material 2 of the furnace bottom portion 9. ..
【００１０】他方、汚れた溶融ガラス８の表面層をガラ
ス溶融炉１外へ排出するオーバーフロー部５には、図示
の通り、電極１１が溶融ガラス８中に配設されている。
電極１１の材質としては、例えば酸化スズ、白金、モリ
ブデン等の導電性材料が好適である。電極11を設ける場
所は図示したオーバーフロー部５に限らず、炉底に汚れ
たガラスを排出する出口穴を備えた、一般にボトムドレ
イン部と称される場所に設けてもよい。前記の導電性耐
火物１０と電極１１の間に、前者を正極、後者を負極と
して電気的に接続する直流電源１２が設けられる。On the other hand, an electrode 11 is provided in the molten glass 8 in the overflow section 5 for discharging the surface layer of the dirty molten glass 8 to the outside of the glass melting furnace 1, as shown in the figure.
As the material of the electrode 11, for example, a conductive material such as tin oxide, platinum, molybdenum, etc. is suitable. The place where the electrode 11 is provided is not limited to the overflow part 5 shown in the figure, but may be provided at a place generally called a bottom drain part, which is provided with an outlet hole for discharging dirty glass in the furnace bottom. A direct current power source 12 is provided between the conductive refractory material 10 and the electrode 11 to electrically connect the former to the positive electrode and the latter to the negative electrode.
【００１１】以上のように構成したガラス溶融炉１に、
ＰｂＯを重量換算で約３０％含有するガラス原料７をガ
ラス原料投入口３から投入し、ガスによる加熱と、モリ
ブテン電極に６０Ｈｚ交流を電極表面の電流密度が０．
２〜０．５Ａ／ｃｍ2 の範囲で印加する通電加熱との併
用によって約１５００°Ｃで溶融した。In the glass melting furnace 1 constructed as described above,
A glass raw material 7 containing about 30% by weight of PbO was charged from the glass raw material charging port 3, heated by a gas, and a 60 Hz alternating current was applied to the molybdenum electrode at a current density of 0.
It was melted at about 1500 ° C. when used in combination with electric heating applied in the range of 2 to 0.5 A / cm 2 .
【００１２】直流電流は、導電性耐火物１０を正極に補
助電極１１を負極にして、導電性耐火物の表面電流密度
が０．００５〜０．１Ａ／ｃｍ2 の範囲で印加された。
６０日間の連続ガラス原料溶解後、導電性耐火物１０上
には金属異物１３である金属鉛の析出は全く認められな
く、また流出口４からサンプリングしたガラス中にも金
属鉛は全く含まれていなかった。これに対して、導電性
耐火物１０と、電極１１間に直流を印加しない場合には
７日間で、導電性耐火物１０上に直径２〜２０ｍｍの金
属鉛が多数沈積した。A direct current was applied with the conductive refractory material 10 as the positive electrode and the auxiliary electrode 11 as the negative electrode, and the surface current density of the conductive refractory material was in the range of 0.005 to 0.1 A / cm 2 .
After the continuous glass raw material was melted for 60 days, no precipitation of metallic lead, which was the metallic foreign substance 13, was observed on the conductive refractory material 10, and the metallic glass contained in the glass sampled from the outlet 4 did not contain any metallic lead. There wasn't. On the other hand, in the case where no direct current was applied between the conductive refractory material 10 and the electrode 11, a large amount of metallic lead having a diameter of 2 to 20 mm was deposited on the conductive refractory material 7 in 7 days.
【００１３】これは沈積した金属鉛粒子がイオン化され
て溶融しガラス化したことを示すものである。This indicates that the deposited metallic lead particles were ionized, melted and vitrified.
【００１４】[0014]
【発明の効果】本発明の方法によれば、ガラス溶融中で
モリブテン電極により還元され析出する金属異物はイオ
ン化され溶融ガラス中に溶け込んで再びガラスの一部と
なるため、ガラス溶融炉の炉底部を侵食することがな
く、また溶融炉から取り出されるガラスは金属異物の混
在しない良質なものとなって生産性を向上できると共に
欠陥のない高品位なガラス製品を得ることができるとと
もに原料費の低減にもなる。EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION According to the method of the present invention, the foreign metal particles reduced and deposited by the molybdenum electrode during glass melting are ionized and melted into the molten glass to become a part of the glass again. The glass taken out from the melting furnace will not corrode, and the quality of the glass taken out from the melting furnace will be high-quality with no foreign metal inclusions, which will improve the productivity and allow the production of high-quality glass products with no defects and a reduction in raw material costs. It also becomes.
【図１】本発明の方法を実施するために使用するガラス
溶融炉の一例を示す断面図である。FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing an example of a glass melting furnace used for carrying out the method of the present invention.
１ ガラス溶融炉 ３ ガラス原料投入口 １０ 導電性耐火物 １１ 電極 １２ 直流電源 １３ 金属異物 1 Glass Melting Furnace 3 Glass Raw Material Inlet 10 Conductive Refractory 11 Electrode 12 DC Power Supply 13 Metallic Foreign Material
Claims (1)
設して直流電源の負極に接続するとともに、ガラス溶融
炉中の側面に設置されたモリブテン電極の直下の炉底部
に導電性耐火物を配設して直流電源の正極に接続してな
り、前記直流電源の負極に析出する金属をガラス溶融炉
外へ排出させる一方、前記導電性耐火物の炉底部上に沈
積する金属異物を酸化させることによりガラス化するこ
とを特徴とする溶融ガラス中のモリブテン電極との反応
により発生する金属異物のガラス化方法。Claim: What is claimed is: 1. A furnace directly below a molybdenum electrode installed on a side surface of the glass melting furnace while the electrode is disposed in the molten glass of the glass melting furnace and connected to the negative electrode of the DC power source. A conductive refractory is disposed at the bottom and is connected to the positive electrode of the DC power source, while the metal deposited on the negative electrode of the DC power source is discharged outside the glass melting furnace, while on the furnace bottom of the conductive refractory material. A method for vitrifying a metallic foreign matter generated by a reaction with a molybdenum electrode in a molten glass, which comprises vitrifying the deposited metallic foreign matter by oxidation.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP18176791A JPH054820A (en) | 1991-06-25 | 1991-06-25 | Vitrification of metallic foreign matter generated by reaction with molybdenum electrode in molten glass |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP18176791A JPH054820A (en) | 1991-06-25 | 1991-06-25 | Vitrification of metallic foreign matter generated by reaction with molybdenum electrode in molten glass |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH054820A true JPH054820A (en) | 1993-01-14 |
Family
ID=16106534
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP18176791A Pending JPH054820A (en) | 1991-06-25 | 1991-06-25 | Vitrification of metallic foreign matter generated by reaction with molybdenum electrode in molten glass |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH054820A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8356492B2 (en) | 2009-08-18 | 2013-01-22 | Hoya Corporation | Manufacturing of glass |
| JP2021195289A (en) * | 2020-06-17 | 2021-12-27 | 日本電気硝子株式会社 | Method of manufacturing glass article |
| CN115745373A (en) * | 2022-11-18 | 2023-03-07 | 虹阳显示(咸阳)科技有限公司 | Material hill regulation and control device, kiln and material hill regulation and control method |
-
1991
- 1991-06-25 JP JP18176791A patent/JPH054820A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8356492B2 (en) | 2009-08-18 | 2013-01-22 | Hoya Corporation | Manufacturing of glass |
| JP2021195289A (en) * | 2020-06-17 | 2021-12-27 | 日本電気硝子株式会社 | Method of manufacturing glass article |
| CN115745373A (en) * | 2022-11-18 | 2023-03-07 | 虹阳显示(咸阳)科技有限公司 | Material hill regulation and control device, kiln and material hill regulation and control method |
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