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JPH0541683Y2 - - Google Patents

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Publication number
JPH0541683Y2
JPH0541683Y2 JP1988032647U JP3264788U JPH0541683Y2 JP H0541683 Y2 JPH0541683 Y2 JP H0541683Y2 JP 1988032647 U JP1988032647 U JP 1988032647U JP 3264788 U JP3264788 U JP 3264788U JP H0541683 Y2 JPH0541683 Y2 JP H0541683Y2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
substrate
detection element
substrates
fingertip
curved
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
JP1988032647U
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
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JPH01135902U (en
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
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Priority to JP1988032647U priority Critical patent/JPH0541683Y2/ja
Publication of JPH01135902U publication Critical patent/JPH01135902U/ja
Application granted granted Critical
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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  • Measuring Pulse, Heart Rate, Blood Pressure Or Blood Flow (AREA)

Description

【考案の詳細な説明】 〔産業上の利用分野〕 この考案は、健康関連機器の一つで、指先等人
体抹消部の毛細血管の血液含有量の推移を示す脈
波を検出するための脈波検出器に関するものであ
る。
[Detailed description of the invention] [Field of industrial application] This invention is a health-related device that detects pulse waves that indicate changes in blood content in capillaries in peripheral parts of the human body such as fingertips. It concerns wave detectors.

〔考案の概要〕[Summary of the idea]

弾性を有する第1基板と第2基板にそれぞれ湾
曲部を形成し、それら両基板の前記湾曲部が互い
に対向するように両端部を結合した結合部を有
し、これら結合部のそれぞれの外側面に、二本の
指によつて両側から前記第1基板と前記第2基板
を押圧して撓ませるための凹部を形成し、前記第
1基板と前記第2基板のいずれか一方の基板の前
記湾曲部の内側に検出素子を配設し、前記一方の
基板の前記凹部以外の外側面に前記検出素子の出
力を取り出すための信号取出部を配設したことを
特徴とする脈波検出器。
A curved portion is formed on each of the first and second substrates having elasticity, and the curved portions of both substrates have a joint portion where both ends are joined so that the curved portions face each other, and the outer surface of each of these joint portions. forming a concave portion for pressing and bending the first substrate and the second substrate from both sides with two fingers; A pulse wave detector characterized in that a detection element is disposed inside the curved part, and a signal extraction part for extracting the output of the detection element is disposed on the outer surface of the one substrate other than the recessed part.

指先等の抹消部に現れる脈波を検出するため
に、弾性に富む金属や合成樹脂の中央部が外側に
湾曲した2枚の基板を、その両端部で結合して結
合部を形成し、そしてそれらの結合部に凹部を形
成すると共に、これらの凹部が形成された結合部
の外側面とは異なる外側面に検出素子の出力端子
を配設し、一方の基板に脈波検出用の検出素子を
取付け、脈波を検出するときは、凹部を押して指
先の入る空間を作り、ここに指先を挿入して脈波
を検出する。基板は弾性に富む素材で構成されて
いるため、指先と検出素子との密着が良く、測定
の失敗がない。又素材の弾性を利用しているた
め、指先の形状の個人差にも適応性に富む。更に
また検出素子の出力端子を破損することがない。
In order to detect pulse waves that appear in peripheral areas such as fingertips, two substrates made of highly elastic metal or synthetic resin with the center curved outward are joined at both ends to form a joint. In addition to forming recesses in these joint parts, output terminals of the detection element are arranged on an outer surface different from the outer surface of the joint part where these recesses are formed, and a detection element for pulse wave detection is arranged on one substrate. When attaching the device and detecting a pulse wave, press the recess to create a space for your fingertip, and insert your fingertip here to detect the pulse wave. Since the substrate is made of a material with high elasticity, the fingertip and the detection element are in close contact with each other, and there is no failure in measurement. Also, since it utilizes the elasticity of the material, it is highly adaptable to individual differences in the shape of fingertips. Furthermore, the output terminal of the detection element will not be damaged.

〔従来の技術〕[Conventional technology]

高齢化社会を迎え、成人病とその予防に対する
関心が大いに高まつている。成人病の原因が何で
あるか断定することは困難であるが、年齢による
血液循環系の劣化との関連が無視できないことは
良く知られており、血液循環の良否を判定するこ
とが予防及び治療上重要なことはいうまでもな
い。
With the arrival of an aging society, interest in adult diseases and their prevention is greatly increasing. Although it is difficult to determine the cause of adult diseases, it is well known that the relationship between age and the deterioration of the blood circulation system cannot be ignored, and determining the quality of blood circulation is a key to prevention and treatment. Needless to say, this is important.

血液循環の基本は心臓から拍出された血液が動
脈から組織や臓器の毛細血管を介していかにうま
く静脈に移行しているかであり、酸素や栄養の交
換が毛細血管で行われていることから考えても、
人体抹消の血管での心臓の拍動に伴う血管径の変
化や血液量の時間的変化を示す脈波の測定が重要
な情報を与えてくれることは充分考えられること
である。
The basis of blood circulation is how well the blood pumped from the heart moves from the arteries to the veins via the capillaries of tissues and organs, and the exchange of oxygen and nutrients takes place in the capillaries. Even if I think about it,
It is highly conceivable that measurement of pulse waves, which indicate changes in blood vessel diameter and temporal changes in blood volume associated with heart beats in peripheral blood vessels of the human body, can provide important information.

また最近の研究では指先の「指尖容積脈波」を
測定することによつて、脳卒中や心不全、更にあ
る種の腫瘍を予知することが知られている。(参
考文献:「加速度脈波による血液循環の評価とそ
の応用」佐野裕司他、労働科学61巻3号、1985
年。「脈波のみかた」吉村正治・宮道文夫(第7
版)医学出版社、1971年)。
Furthermore, recent research has shown that it is possible to predict stroke, heart failure, and even certain types of tumors by measuring fingertip plethysmography. (Reference: “Evaluation of blood circulation using accelerated pulse waves and its applications” Yuji Sano et al., Labor Science Vol. 61, No. 3, 1985
Year. “How to Look at Pulse Waves” by Masaharu Yoshimura and Fumio Miyamichi (Vol. 7)
Edition) Medical Publishing, 1971).

従つて脈波の伝える情報を理解するには、先ず
指先の脈波を正確に捉えることが重要なことにな
る。脈波を測定するには、測定用の検出素子を布
製のテープ等に固定し、更にその一端にテープ状
フアスナーを付け、測定時にはこれを指先に巻き
つけて、指と検出素子を密着させた後テープ状フ
アスナーで固定し、更にこの検出素子を脈波計や
脈拍計などの測定機に接続し脈波を測定する装
置、クリツプに検出素子を取付け、このクリツプ
に測定するための指先を挿入するようにした装置
等が考案され、実施されている。
Therefore, in order to understand the information conveyed by pulse waves, it is important to first accurately capture the pulse waves at the fingertips. To measure the pulse wave, the detection element for measurement is fixed to a cloth tape, etc., and a tape-shaped fastener is attached to one end of the tape, and during measurement, this is wrapped around the fingertip to bring the finger and the detection element into close contact. A device that measures the pulse wave by fixing it with a tape-like fastener and then connecting this detection element to a measuring device such as a pulse wave meter or pulsometer.The detection element is attached to a clip, and the fingertip for measurement is inserted into this clip. Devices and the like designed to do this have been devised and put into practice.

この指尖容積脈波を測定する検出装置について
欠点を述べると、先ず検出素子を取りつけた布な
どを指に巻いてテープ状フアスナーで固定する装
置は検出素子と測定位置がずれたり、密着不十分
で良好な測定結果が得られないこと、及びテープ
状フアスナーや布に手指の脂や塵がついて測定時
に不快感が伴うし、更に耐久性も不十分という欠
点がある。
Disadvantages of this detection device for measuring fingertip plethysmography include devices that wrap cloth or the like with a detection element attached to the finger and secure it with a tape-like fastener, which may cause the detection element and measurement position to shift, or the contact may be insufficient. However, there are disadvantages in that good measurement results cannot be obtained, and that the tape-like fastener or cloth gets oil and dust from fingers, which causes discomfort during measurement, and that the durability is insufficient.

またクリツプに検出素子を取付け、このクリツ
プに指を挿入して測定する装置も、クリツプの大
きさが一定のため、指先の大きさの個人差には十
分対応しきれず、測定不能になつたり、測定誤差
が生じるという欠点があつた。
In addition, devices that attach a detection element to a clip and insert a finger into the clip to measure it cannot adequately respond to individual differences in the size of the fingertip because the size of the clip is constant, resulting in measurement being impossible. The drawback was that measurement errors occurred.

これらの欠点を解決する一手段として、弾性を
有する金属または合成樹脂の板2枚を第1基板と
第2基板とし、このれらの基板をそれぞれの両端
で結合し、結合部を形成する。更に第2基板の内
側中央に検出素子を固定して脈波検出器としたも
のが考案されている。
As a means to solve these drawbacks, two elastic metal or synthetic resin plates are used as a first substrate and a second substrate, and these substrates are bonded at both ends to form a bonded portion. Furthermore, a pulse wave detector has been devised in which a detection element is fixed to the center inside the second substrate.

その従来技術の脈波検出器の基本的な構造を第
1図(基本構造を示す断面図)及び図2を用いて
説明する。
The basic structure of the conventional pulse wave detector will be explained using FIG. 1 (a sectional view showing the basic structure) and FIG. 2.

弾性のある金属板、あるいは合成樹脂、例えば
ポリプロピレンなどの板からなる第1基板1と第
2基板2と、この第2基板2の内側中央部に取り
つけられた脈波等の検出素子3と、それら両基板
1,2の両端部とを結合する結合部4,4から構
成される。
A first substrate 1 and a second substrate 2 made of elastic metal plates or synthetic resin plates such as polypropylene; a pulse wave detection element 3 attached to the inner center of the second substrate 2; It is composed of connecting parts 4, 4 that connect both ends of these two substrates 1, 2.

なお、検出素子は圧電素子やエレクトレツトな
どからなる小型マイクロホンを用いることも可能
である。
Note that it is also possible to use a small microphone made of a piezoelectric element, an electret, or the like as the detection element.

使用に際しては、第2図(指先挿入時の図)に
図示したように結合部4,4を矢印で示すように
内側に押圧し、空間部5を形成し、指先6を第1
基板1と第2基板2の空間部5に差し込む。そし
て結合部4,4を押している力を除くと、弾性を
有するそれぞれの基板の復元力により湾曲部1
a,2aが指先6を挟み、その結果検出素子3が
指先の腹に接触し、脈波等の検出が可能となる。
In use, as shown in FIG. 2 (the view when the fingertip is inserted), the joint parts 4, 4 are pressed inward as shown by the arrows to form the space 5, and the fingertip 6 is inserted into the first
It is inserted into the space 5 between the board 1 and the second board 2. Then, when the force pushing the joint parts 4, 4 is removed, the curved part 1 due to the restoring force of each elastic substrate.
a, 2a sandwich the fingertip 6, and as a result, the detection element 3 comes into contact with the pad of the fingertip, making it possible to detect pulse waves and the like.

〔考案が解決しようとする課題〕[The problem that the idea attempts to solve]

この従来技術では、収納する時のことを考えて
できるだけ薄形に構成しようとしているものであ
るので、2枚の基板の中央部に湾曲部を形成して
おらず、従つて、積極的に前記空間部が形成され
ていないために、使用時、指先を挿入しずらいと
いう欠点がある。
In this prior art, the structure is designed to be as thin as possible in consideration of storage, so a curved part is not formed in the center of the two substrates, and therefore, the curved part is not actively formed. Since no space is formed, there is a drawback that it is difficult to insert the tip of a finger during use.

〔課題を解決するための手段〕[Means to solve the problem]

それ故、本考案の脈波検出器は、弾性を有する
第1基板と第2基板にそれぞれ湾曲部を形成し、
それら両基板の前記湾曲部が互いに対向するよう
に両端部を結合した結合部を有し、これら結合部
のそれぞれの外側面に、二本の指によつて両側か
ら前記第1基板と前記第2基板を押圧して撓ませ
るための凹部を形成し、前記第1基板と前記第2
基板のいずれか一方の基板の前記湾曲部の内側に
検出素子を配設し、前記一方の基板の前記凹部以
外の外側面に前記検出素子の出力を取り出すため
の信号取出部を配設して、前記課題を解決した。
Therefore, the pulse wave detector of the present invention has curved portions formed on each of the first and second elastic substrates,
The curved portions of both substrates have joint portions in which both ends are joined so that they face each other, and the first substrate and the A recess is formed to press and bend the two substrates, and the first substrate and the second substrate are bent.
A detection element is disposed inside the curved portion of one of the substrates, and a signal extraction portion for extracting the output of the detection element is disposed on an outer surface of the one substrate other than the recessed portion. , the above problem was solved.

〔作用〕[Effect]

指先の脈波を測定するときは、本検出器の左右
の結合部4の凹部4aを挟んで内側に押す。第1
基板1と第2基板2の湾曲部1a,1bまたは1
0a,10bの間隔が一層開き、被測定者の指先
が入る空間が広がるので、この空間に指先を入
れ、指の腹部が検出素子と十分に接触することを
確認したら、結合部を押していた指を離す。前記
両基板は弾性により元に戻り、挿入された指先を
十分に捕捉し、正確な測定が可能になる。本検出
器は弾性のある基板でできているため、結合部を
押す力が大きければ、第1基板と第2基板の間隔
は大きくなり、太い指が挿入でき、逆に細い指に
は小さな力で押すだけで必要な空間が確保でき
る。こうして一個の脈波検出器で、種々の指の大
きさに対応が可能になる。
When measuring the fingertip pulse wave, pinch the concave portions 4a of the left and right coupling portions 4 of this detector and push them inward. 1st
Curved portions 1a, 1b or 1 of substrate 1 and second substrate 2
The distance between 0a and 10b becomes wider, increasing the space for the subject's fingertip to enter, so insert the fingertip into this space, and after confirming that the abdomen of the finger is in sufficient contact with the detection element, remove the finger that was pressing the joint. Let go. Both substrates elastically return to their original state and sufficiently capture the inserted fingertip, allowing accurate measurements. This detector is made of an elastic substrate, so if the force pushing the joint is large, the gap between the first and second substrates will be large, allowing a thick finger to be inserted, while a small finger will be able to insert a small finger. You can secure the necessary space just by pressing the button. In this way, one pulse wave detector can be used for various finger sizes.

〔実施例〕〔Example〕

本考案の脈波検出器の実施例を第3図(平面
図)、第4図(断面図)、第5図(使用状態図)に
示す。なお、図1及び図2に示した従来技術の脈
波検出器と同一部分には同一の符号を付して、重
複説明を省略する。
Examples of the pulse wave detector of the present invention are shown in FIG. 3 (plan view), FIG. 4 (sectional view), and FIG. 5 (usage state diagram). Note that the same parts as those of the conventional pulse wave detector shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 are given the same reference numerals, and redundant explanation will be omitted.

これらの図において、プラスチツクからなる第
1基板1を一対の湾曲部10a,10bが形成さ
れた湾曲片で構成し、開口部14を設ける。この
結果プラスチツクからなる第2基板2に固定され
た検出素子3は第1基板の開口部を通して確認さ
れるようになる。また、該第1、第2基板の両端
は結合部4,4において結合されているが、第3
図に示されているように中央部に凹部4a,4a
が形成されており、特に、第5図に示すように、
指を使つて検出器が簡単に装着できるように工夫
されている。
In these figures, a first substrate 1 made of plastic is constituted by a curved piece on which a pair of curved parts 10a and 10b are formed, and an opening 14 is provided. As a result, the detection element 3 fixed to the second substrate 2 made of plastic can be seen through the opening in the first substrate. Further, both ends of the first and second substrates are joined at the joining parts 4, 4, but the third
As shown in the figure, there are recesses 4a, 4a in the center.
is formed, especially as shown in Figure 5.
The detector is designed so that it can be easily attached using your finger.

なお第1基板1、第2基板2の内側には、例え
ばウレタンからなるクツシヨン11,12が取付
けられており、指挿入時のそれら両基板の感触を
和らげている。なお13a,13bは検出素子か
らのリード線を示す。
Note that cushions 11 and 12 made of, for example, urethane are attached to the insides of the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2 to soften the feel of the two substrates when a finger is inserted. Note that 13a and 13b indicate lead wires from the detection element.

また、第1基板と第2基板とを金属板バネで構
成し、その両端部をプラスチツクで構成された結
合部4,4の割溝(図示せず)に嵌合させ、固定
してもよい。
Alternatively, the first substrate and the second substrate may be constructed of metal plate springs, and both ends thereof may be fitted into grooves (not shown) of the joint portions 4, 4 constructed of plastic, and fixed. .

〔考案の効果〕[Effect of idea]

1 板バネの持つ弾性を利用するため、指先と板
バネの密着度が良く、測定の失敗がない。
1. Since the elasticity of the leaf spring is used, the closeness between the fingertip and the leaf spring is good, and there is no failure in measurement.

2 各基板に積極的に湾曲部を形成したため、指
の大小さまざまな形に順応でき、指の大きさに
よつて、検出器を換える必要がなく、経済的で
ある。
2. Since curved portions are actively formed on each substrate, it can be adapted to various sizes of fingers, and there is no need to change the detector depending on the size of the finger, making it economical.

3 両基板の結合部凹部を形成したので、押圧し
易く、両基板間に指先を挿入できる空間部を形
成し易い。
3. Since a concave portion is formed at the joining portion of both substrates, it is easy to press the substrate, and it is easy to form a space between both substrates into which a fingertip can be inserted.

4 検出素子の引き出し線を押圧する凹部に形成
していないので、引き出し線が断線などの破損
を受けることがない。
4. Since the lead wire of the detection element is not formed in a concave portion to be pressed, the lead wire does not suffer damage such as disconnection.

5 テープ状フアスナーなどを使用しないため汚
れによる装着時の不快感がない。
5. Since no tape-like fasteners are used, there is no discomfort when wearing due to dirt.

6 布などを使用しないため、耐久性に富む。6 Highly durable as no cloth is used.

など、数々の優れた効果がある。There are many excellent effects such as.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of drawings]

第1図:従来例の脈波検出器の基本構造を示す
断面図、第2図:第1図の指先挿入時の図、第3
図:本考案の実施例の平面図、第4図:第3図に
示した実施例の断面図、第5図:実施例での使用
状態図。 1……第1基板、2……第2基板、3……検出
素子、4……結合部、5……空間部、11,12
……クツシヨン。
Figure 1: Cross-sectional view showing the basic structure of a conventional pulse wave detector, Figure 2: View of Figure 1 when the fingertip is inserted, Figure 3.
Figure: A plan view of the embodiment of the present invention, Figure 4: A sectional view of the embodiment shown in Figure 3, Figure 5: A state diagram of the embodiment in use. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1...First substrate, 2...Second substrate, 3...Detection element, 4...Coupling part, 5...Space part, 11, 12
...Cutsion.

Claims (1)

【実用新案登録請求の範囲】[Scope of utility model registration request] 弾性を有する第1基板と第2基板にそれぞれ湾
曲部を形成し、それら両基板の前記湾曲部が互い
に対向するように両端部を結合した結合部を有
し、これら結合部のそれぞれの外側面に、二本の
指によつて両側から前記第1基板と前記第2基板
を押圧して撓ませるための凹部を形成し、前記第
1基板と前記第2基板のいずれか一方の基板の前
記湾曲部の内側に検出素子を配設し、前記一方の
基板の前記凹部以外の外側面に前記検出素子の出
力を取り出すための信号取出部を配設したことを
特徴とする脈波検出器。
A curved portion is formed on each of the first and second substrates having elasticity, and the curved portions of both substrates have a joint portion where both ends are joined so that the curved portions face each other, and the outer surface of each of these joint portions. forming a concave portion for pressing and bending the first substrate and the second substrate from both sides with two fingers; A pulse wave detector characterized in that a detection element is disposed inside the curved part, and a signal extraction part for extracting the output of the detection element is disposed on the outer surface of the one substrate other than the recessed part.
JP1988032647U 1988-03-14 1988-03-14 Expired - Lifetime JPH0541683Y2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP1988032647U JPH0541683Y2 (en) 1988-03-14 1988-03-14

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP1988032647U JPH0541683Y2 (en) 1988-03-14 1988-03-14

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH01135902U JPH01135902U (en) 1989-09-18
JPH0541683Y2 true JPH0541683Y2 (en) 1993-10-21

Family

ID=31259200

Family Applications (1)

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US7173977B2 (en) 2002-10-25 2007-02-06 The Directv Group, Inc. Method and apparatus for tailoring carrier power requirements according to availability in layered modulation systems
US7173981B1 (en) 2001-04-27 2007-02-06 The Directv Group, Inc. Dual layer signal processing in a layered modulation digital signal system
US7184489B2 (en) 2001-04-27 2007-02-27 The Directv Group, Inc. Optimization technique for layered modulation
US7184473B2 (en) 2001-04-27 2007-02-27 The Directv Group, Inc. Equalizers for layered modulated and other signals
US7230480B2 (en) 2002-10-25 2007-06-12 The Directv Group, Inc. Estimating the operating point on a non-linear traveling wave tube amplifier
US7245671B1 (en) 2001-04-27 2007-07-17 The Directv Group, Inc. Preprocessing signal layers in a layered modulation digital signal system to use legacy receivers
US7418060B2 (en) 2002-07-01 2008-08-26 The Directv Group, Inc. Improving hierarchical 8PSK performance
US7423987B2 (en) 2001-04-27 2008-09-09 The Directv Group, Inc. Feeder link configurations to support layered modulation for digital signals
US7463676B2 (en) 2002-10-25 2008-12-09 The Directv Group, Inc. On-line phase noise measurement for layered modulation
US7471735B2 (en) 2001-04-27 2008-12-30 The Directv Group, Inc. Maximizing power and spectral efficiencies for layered and conventional modulations
US7474710B2 (en) 2002-10-25 2009-01-06 The Directv Group, Inc. Amplitude and phase matching for layered modulation reception
US7483505B2 (en) 2001-04-27 2009-01-27 The Directv Group, Inc. Unblind equalizer architecture for digital communication systems
US7483495B2 (en) 2001-04-27 2009-01-27 The Directv Group, Inc. Layered modulation for digital signals
US7502429B2 (en) 2003-10-10 2009-03-10 The Directv Group, Inc. Equalization for traveling wave tube amplifier nonlinearity measurements
US7502430B2 (en) 2001-04-27 2009-03-10 The Directv Group, Inc. Coherent averaging for measuring traveling wave tube amplifier nonlinearity
US7512189B2 (en) 2001-04-27 2009-03-31 The Directv Group, Inc. Lower complexity layered modulation signal processor
US7529312B2 (en) 2002-10-25 2009-05-05 The Directv Group, Inc. Layered modulation for terrestrial ATSC applications
US7583728B2 (en) 2002-10-25 2009-09-01 The Directv Group, Inc. Equalizers for layered modulated and other signals
US7639759B2 (en) 2001-04-27 2009-12-29 The Directv Group, Inc. Carrier to noise ratio estimations from a received signal

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US7469019B2 (en) 2001-04-27 2008-12-23 The Directv Group, Inc. Optimization technique for layered modulation
US7151807B2 (en) 2001-04-27 2006-12-19 The Directv Group, Inc. Fast acquisition of timing and carrier frequency from received signal
US7173981B1 (en) 2001-04-27 2007-02-06 The Directv Group, Inc. Dual layer signal processing in a layered modulation digital signal system
US7184489B2 (en) 2001-04-27 2007-02-27 The Directv Group, Inc. Optimization technique for layered modulation
US7184473B2 (en) 2001-04-27 2007-02-27 The Directv Group, Inc. Equalizers for layered modulated and other signals
US7639759B2 (en) 2001-04-27 2009-12-29 The Directv Group, Inc. Carrier to noise ratio estimations from a received signal
US7512189B2 (en) 2001-04-27 2009-03-31 The Directv Group, Inc. Lower complexity layered modulation signal processor
US7502430B2 (en) 2001-04-27 2009-03-10 The Directv Group, Inc. Coherent averaging for measuring traveling wave tube amplifier nonlinearity
US7423987B2 (en) 2001-04-27 2008-09-09 The Directv Group, Inc. Feeder link configurations to support layered modulation for digital signals
US7426243B2 (en) 2001-04-27 2008-09-16 The Directv Group, Inc. Preprocessing signal layers in a layered modulation digital signal system to use legacy receivers
US7426246B2 (en) 2001-04-27 2008-09-16 The Directv Group, Inc. Dual layer signal processing in a layered modulation digital signal system
US7245671B1 (en) 2001-04-27 2007-07-17 The Directv Group, Inc. Preprocessing signal layers in a layered modulation digital signal system to use legacy receivers
US7483495B2 (en) 2001-04-27 2009-01-27 The Directv Group, Inc. Layered modulation for digital signals
US7471735B2 (en) 2001-04-27 2008-12-30 The Directv Group, Inc. Maximizing power and spectral efficiencies for layered and conventional modulations
US7483505B2 (en) 2001-04-27 2009-01-27 The Directv Group, Inc. Unblind equalizer architecture for digital communication systems
US7418060B2 (en) 2002-07-01 2008-08-26 The Directv Group, Inc. Improving hierarchical 8PSK performance
US7577213B2 (en) 2002-07-01 2009-08-18 The Directv Group, Inc. Hierarchical 8PSK performance
US7474710B2 (en) 2002-10-25 2009-01-06 The Directv Group, Inc. Amplitude and phase matching for layered modulation reception
US7173977B2 (en) 2002-10-25 2007-02-06 The Directv Group, Inc. Method and apparatus for tailoring carrier power requirements according to availability in layered modulation systems
US7463676B2 (en) 2002-10-25 2008-12-09 The Directv Group, Inc. On-line phase noise measurement for layered modulation
US7529312B2 (en) 2002-10-25 2009-05-05 The Directv Group, Inc. Layered modulation for terrestrial ATSC applications
US7583728B2 (en) 2002-10-25 2009-09-01 The Directv Group, Inc. Equalizers for layered modulated and other signals
US7230480B2 (en) 2002-10-25 2007-06-12 The Directv Group, Inc. Estimating the operating point on a non-linear traveling wave tube amplifier
US7502429B2 (en) 2003-10-10 2009-03-10 The Directv Group, Inc. Equalization for traveling wave tube amplifier nonlinearity measurements

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