JPH042434A - Machine tool - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide a machine tool with good space efficiency by installing plural machining main spindle head on one column. CONSTITUTION:A column 2 is fixed vertically on the side of a head 1 and two first X-axis sideways 3 are formed at the upper surface of the column 2 to install the first slide 4 so as to move freely. The first cross slide 6 is installed on the first slide 4 so as to move freely in Y-axis direction, and the first headstock 9 is installed on the first Z-axis sideway 8 of its front so as to move freely. The second slide 24 is installed on the second Z-axis sideway 23 formed in a surface at right angles to the first X-axis sideway 3 of the side of the column 2 so as to move freely. Next, the second cross slide 26 is installed on the second slide 24 so as to move freely in Y-axis direction and the second headstock 29 is installed on the front of the second cross slide 26 so as to move freely to install the second spindle head 31 on it.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to machine tools. More specifically, the present invention relates to a machine tool having two machining spindle heads for simultaneously machining two workpieces with different angles.

[Prior Art] A general machining center has one tool for one spindle. Therefore, only one surface of the workpiece can be machined at the same time, resulting in poor machining efficiency. A dedicated machine having two or more opposing spindle heads is also known in order to improve machining efficiency. This type is expensive because two tool storage magazines are separately arranged for each machining spindle.

Normally, when processing requires multiple steps, the steps are divided and single machines are lined up to perform the processing.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] The above-mentioned opposing type dedicated machines and the type that connects a plurality of dedicated machines have a large dedicated floor area. Furthermore, since each spindle head has a tool magazine, two tool magazines are required.

An object of the invention is to provide a space-efficient machine tool.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a machine tool that can perform simultaneous machining from different angular directions.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a machine tool that simultaneously processes different surfaces of the same workpiece and has two heads on the same column.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a machine tool in which the tools of two spindle heads can be shared in one tool magazine.

[Means to solve the problem] In order to solve the above problem, the following measures are taken.

A machine tool bed (1), a column (2) fixed vertically on this bed (1), and a guide surface (3) formed on one side of this column (2) in the first axis direction. A first feed table (4) to be moved, a first drive means (5) for driving the first feed table (4) in the first axis direction, and a first drive means (5) on the first feed table (4). a first cross base (
6), a second driving means (7) for driving the first cross table (6) in the second axis direction, and a guide surface on the first cross table (6) for driving the first cross table (6) in the first axis and the second axis direction. A first headstock (9) that is moved in a third axis direction that is perpendicular to the second axis direction, and a third drive means (for driving this first headstock (9) in the third axis direction) 10), a first spindle rotatably provided on the first headstock <9) and for attaching a tool to the front end, and a first spindle drive motor (12) for rotationally driving the first spindle; A guide surface (2) formed on the other surface of the column (2) at a different angle from the one surface.
3) A second feed table (24) that is moved on the second feed table (24), a fourth drive means (25) for driving the second feed table (24), and a second feed table (24) that moves on the second feed table (24). a second cross table (26) that is moved in a direction perpendicular to the second cross table (26);
) in a direction perpendicular to the other surface; ), the second headstock (29) is moved in a direction perpendicular to the movement direction of
30>, a second spindle rotatably provided on the second headstock (39) and for attaching a tool to the front end;
Second spindle drive motor (31) for rotationally driving the spindle
and a workpiece table (35) which is provided on the bed (1) and whose indexing is controlled.

The column (2) in which the one surface and the other surface form a right angle is suitable for machining a rectangular workpiece.

The machine tool also includes a tool magazine (41) for storing a large number of tools, and a first automatic tool changer for automatically exchanging the tools of the first spindle and the tools of the tool magazine (41). It is more efficient to provide a second automatic tool changer for automatically exchanging the tool of the second spindle and the tool of the tool magazine (41).

Furthermore, if the machine tool has a reversing operation means for reversing the index-controlled workpiece table (35) between the processing device and the setup position, the setup efficiency is improved.

[Operation] The upper surface of the workpiece W on the workpiece table 35 is processed by the tool T of the first spindle head 11.

The machining trajectory of the tool T is the first X-axis servo motor 5, the first
The drive is controlled by a Y-axis servo motor 7 and a first Z-axis servo motor 10. In parallel with this machining, the side surface of the workpiece W is mainly machined by the tool T2 of the second main spindle 31. ,
The machining locus of the tool T2 is driven and controlled by a second X-axis servo motor 30, a second Y-axis servo motor 27, and a twenty-seventh axis servo motor 25. This machine tool can simultaneously machine multiple surfaces of the workpiece W with less workpiece replacement work.

[Example] LLL creation Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is an external view showing the machine tool of the first embodiment.

Bed 1 is a stand that constitutes the main body of this machine tool. A column 2 is vertically fixed to the side surface of the bed 1, and together with the bed 1 constitutes the main body of the machine tool. bed 1
The configuration of column 2 and column 2 is L-shaped. Two first X-axis guide surfaces 3.3 are formed on the upper surface of the column 2.

A first feed table 4 is movably provided on the first X-axis guide surface 3.3. The first feed table 4 has a first X-axis guide surface 3
．． 3 is controlled by a feed screw (not shown) connected to the first X-axis servo motor 5. A first cross table 6 is mounted on a first Y-axis guide surface (not shown) on the first feed table 4.
It is provided so as to be movable in the axial direction. 1st cross stand 6
is fed and driven on the feed table 4 by a Y-transport (not shown) connected to the output shaft of a Y-axis servo motor.

A first Z-axis guide surface 8.8 is formed on the front surface of the first cross base 6 in the Z-axis direction.

A first headstock 9 is movably provided on the first z-axis guide surface 8.8. The first headstock 9 is controlled to move on the first Z-axis guide surface 8.8 by a Z transport screw (not shown) connected to the output shaft of the first Z-axis servo motor 10. The first spindle head 11 is provided on the first spindle stock 9, and in the first spindle head 11, the first spindle is rotatably supported by a bearing (not shown). A first main shaft motor 12 is connected to the rear end and rotates the first main shaft. A tool T is attached to the lower end of the first spindle via a tool chuck. This tool T mainly processes the upper surface of the workpiece W.

1λ force, 1LL On the other hand, a second processing device is arranged on the side of the column 2. In this embodiment, the first processing device is placed at a different position at a 90 degree angle with respect to the first processing device.

Two second Z-axis guide surfaces 23.23 are formed on a side surface of the column 2 that is perpendicular to the first X-axis guide surface 3.3.

A second feed table 24 is movably provided on the second Z-axis guide surface 23.23. The movement of the second feed table 24 is controlled on the second Z-axis guide surface 23.23 by a 22nd axis feed screw (not shown) connected to a 22nd axis servo motor 25.

A second Y-axis guide surface (not shown) is formed on the second feed table 24, and a second cross table 26 is formed on this second Y-axis guide surface.
is provided movably in the Y-axis direction. The second cross table 26 is connected to the second feed table 2 by a second Y-axis feed screw (not shown) connected to the output shaft of a second Y-axis servo motor 27.
4 is fed and driven. On the front of the second cross stand 26,
A second X-axis guide surface 28.28 is formed in the Z-axis direction.

A second headstock 29 is movably provided on the second X-axis guide surface 28.28. The second headstock 29 is controlled to move on the second X-axis guide surface 28, 28 by a Z-transport (not shown) connected to the output shaft of the second X-axis servo motor 30. The second spindle stock 29 is provided with a radius 31 for the second spindle, and within the second spindle head 31, the first spindle is rotatably supported by a bearing (not shown). A second main shaft motor 32 is connected to the tip of the second main shaft, and rotates the second main shaft. A tool T2 is attached to the rear end of the second spindle via a tool chuck.

A table 35 is provided at the upper front of the bed 1. The table 35 is a stand on which the workpiece W is fixed directly or by using various mounting devices MP.

This workpiece table 35 has an axis C that is parallel to the Z axis.
Indexing is controlled around the shaft by a well-known indexing drive means.

The upper surface of the workpiece W on the working workpiece table 35 is machined by the tool T of the first spindle head 11.

The machining trajectory of the tool T1 is the first X-axis servo motor 5, the first
The drive is controlled by a Y-axis servo motor 7 and a first Z-axis servo motor 10. In parallel with this machining, the side surface of the workpiece W is mainly machined by the tool T2 of the second spindle head 31. The machining trajectory of the tool T2 is determined by the second X-axis servo motor 30.
, second Y-axis servo motor 27, 27th axis servo motor 2
The drive is controlled by 5. This machine tool can machine multiple surfaces of a workpiece at the same time with less workpiece replacement work.

41%i The first embodiment does not have a tool changing device for changing the tools T, , T2. The machine tool shown in FIG. 2 is an example of a machining center equipped with an automatic tool changer 40. The automatic tool changer 40 includes one tool magazine 42, two change arm mechanisms 50, and the like. Tools in one tool magazine 42 can be shared and used by two processing devices.

FIG. 3 is a front view showing details of the automatic tool changer 40. The main body frame of the tool magazine 41 has a substantially rectangular outer shape. A chain 42 is arranged along this outer shape. The chain 42 meshes with a plurality of sprockets 43 provided on the main body frame at each corner to span the frame. One of the corners of the main body frame of the tool magazine 41 is cut out in a concave shape to provide a recess 46 for securing a tool exchange position. At regular intervals on the chain 42 are tool bots 44 for gripping and fixing tools.
is provided.

The chain 42 and the tool bot 44 are guided by a guide plate 45 and move. Further, the chain 42 is driven by a drive motor (not shown) connected to a sprocket 43, and can index and control a desired tool holder 44 to a required position.These drive index control devices are well-known. technology,
The details will not be disclosed.

On the other hand, next to the first spindle/door 11, a first exchange arm machine side 50 is provided. 1st exchange arm machine horizontal 50
is for exchanging the tool Tl attached to the first spindle with the tool Tn in the tool bot 44 of the tool magazine 41. The first interchangeable arm machine side 50 includes a twin arm 51, a cylinder device 52, and the like. twin arm 5
Both ends of 1 are provided with tool gripping mechanisms (not shown).

The center portion of the twin arm 51 is connected to the tip of a piston rod 53 of a cylinder device 52. This cylinder device 52 is configured to move back and forth, that is, to move linearly in two axial directions, and the driving means for rotationally driving the cylinder device 52 around the Z axis is a known one. Cylinder devices of this type are well known and will not be described in detail. Furthermore,
The second exchange arm [155] indicates an automatic tool exchange device for the second processing device, and is the same mechanism as the first exchange arm mechanism 50. FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along the line IV--IV in FIG. 3, showing an inverted mechanism for the tool pot 44.

The inverted mechanism is used because the tool cannot be replaced unless the axis of the tool Tn of the tool bot 44 is arranged parallel to the axis of the tool T1 of the first spindle. The tool bot 44 has a shaft 4 provided in a tool pot holder 47.
A tool bot 44 is provided to be able to swing freely around 6.
A cylindrical cam follower 48 is provided at the rear end of the cam follower 48 . The cam follower 48 is inserted into a concave cam 49. The concave cam 49 is connected to the tip of the piston rod 61 of the cylinder 60.

11r1 control The structure is as above, and the tool exchange of the machining center of the second embodiment performs the following operations. When a tool exchange command is issued from the numerical control device, a servo motor (not shown) connected to the shaft of the sprocket 43 is activated, indexes and positions a desired tool Tn at the tool exchange position, and then stops. The tool Tn is identified by reading an identification device provided on the tool bot 44.

The position where the tool bot 44 holding the desired tool is positioned and fixed is the position where the cam follower 48 is inserted into the concave cam 49. When hydraulic pressure is introduced into the cylinder 60,
The piston rod 61 is retracted and moves the concave cam 49 (double-dashed line). This movement of the piston rod 61 causes the tool bot 44 to swing about the shaft 46 and change direction by 90 degrees.

On the other hand, the first main shaft gear 11 is connected to the first X-axis servo motor 5.
, the Y-axis servo motor 7, and the first Z-axis servo motor 10. Cylinder device 52
Hydraulic pressure is introduced, and the twin arm 51 rotates through a 90 degree angle to grasp both the tool T1 of the first spindle and the tool Tn of the tool storage magazine 41, and then protrudes downward, that is, in the Z-axis direction.

After extracting the tools T and Tn from the first spindle and the tool bot 44 by this protrusion, the twin arm 51 is rotated at an angle of 180 degrees, and the drawing tools Tl and Tn are moved upward in the Z-axis direction opposite to the above direction. is pulled up and inserted into the first spindle and tool bot 44, and the twin arm 51 is returned to its original angular position to complete the tool exchange. cylinder 60
, and move the tool bot 44 to the shaft 46 in the opposite direction to the above operation.
(see FIG. 4), the tool exchange operation is completed. The tool exchange operation of the second spindle head 31 and the second exchange arm machine side 55 are performed in the same manner.

Shave 3, 4) I! N FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the appearance of the machining center of the third embodiment. The workpiece table 35 of the 1.2 embodiment is as follows:
Indexing is controlled around the C-axis, that is, an axis parallel to the Z-axis. The workpiece table 35 of the third embodiment is indexed and controlled around the A-axis, which is an axis parallel to the X-axis. The workpiece table 35 is supported on a rocking table 36. The swing table 36 swings 90 degrees about an axis parallel to the Y axis, that is, the B axis.

When the rocking table 36 is rocked 90 degrees to the outside of the machine around the B axis, the workpiece W is reversed 90 degrees and positioned at the setup position 37. This setup position 37 is a position where old and new workpieces W are attached and detached.

A conical column-shaped space 38 is formed in the front center of the bed 1 to remove chips, and the chips are efficiently collected and transported from the bottom to the outside of the machine by a chip conveying device (not shown). Can be discharged. Note that the setup position 37 can also be directly connected to the conveyance line.

In the third embodiment, the setup position 37 is provided on the side of the machining center. The fourth embodiment shown in FIG. 6 is an example in which a setup table 37a is provided at the front position of the machining center. The rocking table 36 is rocked 90 degrees around the A axis. In this embodiment, two sides of the workpiece W can be processed simultaneously. Similar to the third embodiment, the fourth embodiment can be directly connected to the conveyance line at the setup position 37a.

1111 Figure 7 is a diagram showing the appearance of the machine tool of the fifth embodiment. The first to fourth embodiments have two machining spindles. The machine tool of the fifth embodiment is provided with three machining spindles. That is, a third machining device is provided on the side surface of the column 2 for machining the side surface of the workpiece, and this machining device is provided with a third horizontal spindle head 70. The structural function and operation are only arranged symmetrically with the second processing device and there is no difference between them.

In the above embodiment, the two spindle heads are rotated at 90 degrees or 18 degrees.
Although the configuration in which they are opposed to each other at 0 degrees has been described, other configurations having different angles can be similarly configured. In short, the structure is configured according to the idea of the above-mentioned embodiments depending on the shape of the workpiece.

[Effects of the Invention] As detailed above, the machine tool of the present invention has a compact configuration by providing a plurality of machining spindle heads in one column. The required floor space is smaller than arranging independent dedicated machines in parallel. Furthermore, the machining center has a simple mechanism because the tools of two machining spindle heads can be exchanged using one tool magazine.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is an external view showing a machine tool showing the first embodiment;
The figure is an external view showing the machining center of the second embodiment;
The figure is a front view of the automatic tool changer, and Figure 4 is IV of Figure 3.
5 is an external view of the machining center of the third embodiment, FIG. 6 is an external view of the machining center of the fourth embodiment, and FIG. 7 is an external view of the machine tool of the fifth embodiment. It is. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1... Bed, 2... Column, 3... 1st X-axis guideway, 4... 1st feed stand, 5... 1st axis servo motor, 6... 1st cross stand, 7... First Y-axis servo motor, 8... First shaft guide surface, 9... First headstock, 10
... first Z-axis servo motor, 11... first spindle head, 12... first spindle motor, 23... second Z-axis guide surface, 24... second feed base, 25... 27th axis servo motor, 26...2nd cross table, 27...2nd Y
Axis servo motor, 28... 2nd X-axis guide surface, 29...
・Second headstock, 30...X-axis servo motor, 31・
...Second spindle head, 32...Second spindle motor, Tl
, T2. Tn...Tool diagram 1

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A bed (1) of a machine tool, a column (2) vertically fixed on the bed (1), and a column (2) formed on one surface of the column (2) in the first axis direction. a first feed bar (4) that is moved on a guide surface (3); a first drive means (5) for driving the first feed bar (4) in the first axis direction; A first cross table (6) that moves the guide surface on the first feed table (4) in a second axis direction that is perpendicular to the first axis direction; A second driving means (7) for driving in the axial direction and a guide surface on the first cross table (6) are moved in a third axial direction that is perpendicular to the first and second axial directions. a first headstock (9), a third drive means (10) for driving the first headstock (9) in the third axis direction;
A first spindle rotatably provided on the headstock (9) and for attaching a tool to the front end, a first spindle drive motor (12) for rotationally driving the first spindle, and the column (2).
a second feed table (24) that is moved on a guide surface (23) formed on the other surface forming an angle different from the one surface of the second feed table; and a fourth drive means for driving the second feed table (24). (25
), a second cross table (26) that is moved on the second feed table (24) in a direction perpendicular to the other surface, and this second cross table (
26) in a direction perpendicular to the other surface, and a guide surface on the second cross table (26) is connected to the second feed table (24) and the second cross table (26). a second headstock (29) that is moved in a direction perpendicular to the moving direction of the second headstock (26); a sixth drive means (30) for driving the second headstock (29); A second main shaft is rotatably provided on the main shaft (39) for attaching a tool to the front end thereof, and a second main shaft drive motor (39) is used to rotationally drive the second main shaft.
1); and a workpiece table (35) which is provided on the bed (1) and whose indexing is controlled. 2. The machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the one surface and the other surface of the column (2) form a right angle. 3. In claim 1, a tool magazine (41) for storing a large number of tools; and a first automatic tool changer for automatically exchanging the tools of the first spindle and the tools of the tool magazine (41). , a second automatic tool changer for automatically exchanging the tool of the second spindle and the tool of the tool magazine (41). 4. The machine tool according to claim 1, further comprising a reversing operation means for reversing the index-controlled workpiece table (35) between a processing device and a setup position.