JPH04108976A - Wood fireproof door - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To facilitate the assembly and enhance the fireproof function by putting a surface plate of which at least the outermost surface is made of wood, on both surfaces of a framework material, which is made of wood, and which is formed into surface, and by applying a fireproof paint to the framework material. CONSTITUTION:By assembling a vertical bar and a lateral bar into lattice in a four-cornered frame, a framework material 11 made of wood, is formed into surface. A surface plate l made of wood, is put on both sides of the framework material, through a reinforcing material 13 made of slate plate. To improve fireproof function of a door, a fireproof paint is applied to the entire surface of the framework material 11. A core material is formed only out of the framework material 11, with a part surrounded by the frame, the vertical bar as well as the lateral bar, which form the framework material 11, as a space.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a wooden fire door used in general houses, apartment complexes, high-rise buildings, etc.

[Conventional technology]

Conventionally, most fire doors used in general houses, apartment complexes, high-rise buildings, etc. are made of metal.

However, with metal doors, the "softness" unique to wood
There was a problem in that it did not provide the woody feel of wood and warmth, and the aesthetic appearance was impaired.

On the other hand, although wooden doors have the woody feel mentioned above, they are inferior in fire resistance, so currently, doors made of wood cannot be used in apartment complexes, hotels, etc. due to fire prevention regulations. be. However, with the diversification of needs, the demand for wooden doors is also increasing.

Therefore, the inventors have developed a wooden fire door with a structure in which front and back plates made of wood are placed on both the front and back sides of a frame material made of a planar metal material, and have already applied for a patent. (See JP-A No. 1-131777, etc.). This wooden fire door has superior fire protection performance equivalent to or better than that of a Class B fire door, and has a rich wood texture.

[Problem to be solved by the invention]

However, the newly developed wooden fire door mentioned above has the following problems. That is, when attaching the front and back plates to both the front and back sides of the frame material, the adhesive force between the frame member and the front plate is weak, making it difficult to assemble the door.

In view of these circumstances, this invention is easy to assemble,
Our goal is to provide wooden doors with excellent fire resistance.

[Means to solve the problem]

In order to solve the above problems, the inventors have conducted various studies. As a result, we found the following. That is, in the above-mentioned conventional products, the frame material is made of metal material to improve the fireproofing properties of the door, and the surface plate is made of wood to give the door a woody feel. Metal materials and wood are materials that are difficult to mix with each other. Therefore, when attaching the front and back plates to both sides of the frame material, the adhesive force between the frame material and the face plate is weak, making it difficult to assemble the door. Therefore, in order to eliminate the cause of difficulty in assembling the door,
The inventors considered using wood instead of a metal material as the material constituting the frame material, but in that case, there was a problem that the fire resistance of the door would be reduced. However, the inventors completed this invention by confirming through experiments that when the frame material is made of wood, the reduction in fire resistance can be suppressed by applying a fire retardant paint to the frame material.

That is, the wooden fire door according to the present invention is a wooden fire door in which a surface plate having at least the outermost surface made of wood is attached to both the front and back surfaces of a frame material made of planar wood, and the The material is coated with fire-retardant paint.

In the wooden fire door according to the present invention, the frame material must be made of wood in order to make the door easy to assemble. Regarding the species of wood that makes up the framework,
There are no limitations. The wood may be a wedge board or plywood. The frame material may be composed only of untreated wood, but in order to further improve the fire resistance of the door, some or all of the wood constituting the frame material may be treated with flame retardant treatment. It is preferable to use wood (hereinafter simply referred to as "flame-retardant treated wood"). The type of flame-retardant wood used is not particularly limited.
Examples include commercially available flame-retardant plywood injected with ammonium phosphate or boric acid-based inorganic salts, and WPC made by injecting organic polymer compounds into wood. It is preferable to use wood containing an insoluble, non-combustible inorganic material inside, which will be described in detail later. These flame-retardant treated woods may be used alone or in combination, for example, commercially available flame-retardant plywood and wood containing an insoluble non-combustible inorganic substance may be used in combination.

In addition, in this invention, in order to improve the fire resistance of the door,
It is necessary that the frame materials be coated with fire retardant paint. The fire prevention paint used is not particularly limited, but examples include organic phosphoric acid paints. Fire-retardant paint is usually applied to the entire surface of the frame material, but if necessary, it may be applied only to the side where a fire is likely to occur.

The structure of the frame material is not particularly limited, but for example, it may consist of only four surrounding frames, it may have vertical or horizontal bars inserted inside the frame, it may also have a lattice structure inside the frame, etc. Examples include those incorporating ring-shaped braids, arc-shaped braids, etc. The voids in these framework materials may be spaces, but if necessary, insulation materials such as rock wool or glass wool may be used as a filling material in the voids in the framework materials for the purpose of increasing the heat insulation of the door. Alternatively, the door may be impregnated with a core material having a cell structure, or the fire-retardant treated wood may be impregnated with the purpose of increasing the fire resistance of the door. The core material is not particularly limited, and may be in the form of a roll core, honeycomb core, etc., and the material thereof may be flammable or nonflammable. There may be spaces inside the cells of these core materials, but if necessary, a heat insulating material such as glass wool or rock wool may be inserted into the cells to further improve the heat insulation properties of the door. . In the following, we will refer to a structure consisting of a framework material alone or a structure in which a filler is filled in the voids of the framework material.
Sometimes referred to as "core material".

The surface plate of the wooden fire door of the present invention does not necessarily need to be entirely made of wood, and in order to give the door a woody feel, it is sufficient that at least the outermost surface is made of wood. In other words, materials other than wood may be used for the parts other than the outermost surface of the surface plate (however, metal materials are excluded).
. In addition, in order to further improve the fire resistance of the door, it is preferable that all of the wood used for the surface board be flame-retardant treated wood as described above, but it is not limited to this. Or it may be entirely untreated wood.

The species of wood is not particularly limited either.

The facing plate may be fitted directly to the framing material, but
They are not limited to this, and may be combined with a reinforcing material interposed therebetween. A non-metallic material is used as a material constituting such a reinforcing material. This is because, if a metal material is used, it is inconvenient because the metal material will stain the wood that constitutes the frame material and the surface plate, making it difficult to assemble the door. There are no particular limitations on the non-metallic material used as the reinforcing material, such as Keical plate (
Non-metallic inorganic materials such as calcium silicate plate) and slate plate can be used. This is because these non-metallic inorganic materials are generally more compatible with wood than metal materials. Additionally, wood can be used as the reinforcing material, but in order to further improve the fireproofing properties of the door, it is preferable that all of the wood be flame-retardant treated wood as described above. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and part or all of the wood used for the reinforcing material may be untreated wood. The tree species is also not particularly limited.

Processing, when making wooden fire doors using the above materials,
The assembly method etc. are not particularly limited. Further, the type of the wooden fire door according to the present invention is not particularly limited, and may include a flush door type, a stile door type, etc.

Note that, as described above, in the present invention, wood containing an insoluble nonflammable inorganic substance inside may be used as the flame-retardant treated wood. This wood containing an insoluble non-combustible inorganic substance inside is a wood with extremely excellent flame retardancy for the reasons explained below.

In general, modification methods for imparting flame retardancy to wood are broadly classified based on the following flame retardant mechanisms.

(a) Coating with inorganic substances (bl Promotion of carbonization (C1 Inhibition of chain reaction in flaming combustion (dl Generation of nonflammable gastel Heat absorption due to decomposition and release of crystal water (f) Insulation by foam layer Here, insoluble noncombustible As will be explained below, the modification method of including organic inorganic substances may include (b), (C1, (d)) in addition to the above (al) depending on the type of inorganic substance.
This is an excellent method that can also be expected to have effects such as

Moreover, once the insoluble and nonflammable inorganic substances are fixed in the wood structure, there is little risk of the melt coming out of the wood.
There is also little worry that the aforementioned effects will fade.

The flame retardant mechanisms described above (al to (d)) will be described in detail below.

(Coating with an inorganic material such as Al means that even if it is a combustible material, it can be made flame retardant by combining it with a nonflammable inorganic material at an appropriate blending ratio. Wood chip cement boards are made by mixing combustible wood with non-combustible cement at a weight ratio of approximately 3:1 to 1:1 and forming the mixture into a board shape, and is recognized as a quasi-noncombustible material by JIS. .

The mechanism for promoting carbonization in (b) is as follows. When wood is heated, it thermally decomposes and generates flammable gas, which causes flaming combustion. At this time, if phosphoric acid or boric acid is present, the thermal decomposition of the wood, or carbonization, is promoted. , a carbonized layer is quickly formed. This carbonized layer acts as a heat insulating layer and produces a flame retardant effect. therefore,
When the insoluble nonflammable inorganic substance contains a phosphoric acid component or a boric acid component, the flame retardant effect becomes even higher.

Inhibition of the chain reaction in flaming combustion of fc) is contributed by halogen, and as a result of the halogen acting as a chain transfer agent in the radical oxidation reaction in the flame, the oxidation reaction is inhibited. This is the mechanism by which the flame retardant effect occurs. Therefore, if the insoluble nonflammable inorganic substance contains a halogen, a flame retardant effect can also be obtained by this mechanism.

The mechanism of generation of nonflammable gas (d) is as follows. In other words, the mechanism is that compounds such as carbonates and ammonium salts generate nonflammable gases such as carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and hydrogen halides through thermal decomposition, and these gases dilute flammable gases and prevent combustion. It is. Therefore, if the insoluble nonflammable inorganic substance contains something that can generate nonflammable gas, such as carbonate, a flame retardant effect due to this mechanism can also be obtained.

Although there are no particular limitations on the method for obtaining wood containing insoluble, noncombustible inorganic substances, the following method is preferred.

That is, raw wood is impregnated with one of the combinations of a cation-containing treatment liquid and an anion-containing treatment liquid that produce an insoluble non-flammable inorganic substance by mixing, and then the other is impregnated to form the insoluble non-flammable inorganic substance in the wood tissue. This is a method of generating and fixing
(See Publication No. 46003, etc.). According to this method, insoluble nonflammable inorganic substances are not infiltrated as solid particles, but in the form of ions dissolved in a medium such as water, so impregnation is easy and extremely large amounts of insoluble inflammable inorganic substances are infiltrated. Nonflammable inorganic substances can be efficiently incorporated into wood.

The raw material wood for obtaining wood containing an insoluble non-combustible inorganic substance inside by such a method is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include raw logs, sawn timber products, sliced veneers, plywood, and the like. There are no limitations on the tree species, etc.

In this method, the insoluble and nonflammable inorganic substances (insoluble products) that are generated in the wood and dispersed and fixed in the wood tissue are not particularly limited, but include, for example, borates,
Examples include various salts such as phosphates, hydrogen phosphates, carbonates, sulfates, hydrogen sulfates, silicates, nitrates, and hydroxides.

Among these salts, specific examples of carbonates include BaCO5, CaC0, FeCO5, MgC
These include Ox, MnC0*, NiC0*, ZnCOx, etc. Two or more of these may coexist in the wood. The insoluble, nonflammable inorganic substance within the wood may be fixed in the form of a reaction with wood cellulose.

Note that one type of insoluble nonflammable inorganic substance may contain two or more types of each of the cation and/or anion moieties described below.

In order to generate the above-mentioned insoluble non-flammable inorganic substance in the wood tissue, an aqueous solution prepared from a group of inorganic compounds constituting the cationic part of the insoluble non-flammable inorganic substance, that is, a cation-containing treatment liquid, and an anionic part are combined. An aqueous solution prepared with another group of inorganic compounds, ie, an anion-containing treatment solution, is separately and sequentially impregnated into the wood structure. The cation-containing treatment liquid and the anion-containing treatment liquid can be impregnated alternately once or multiple times. When impregnating multiple times, the impregnation may be performed not alternately but continuously.

The cation moiety of the insoluble nonflammable inorganic substance includes, for example, alkali metals such as Na and C;
Alkaline earth metals such as a, Ba, Mg, Sr, Mn,
Transition elements such as Ni and Cd, carbon group elements such as Si and Pb,
Examples include Zn and A4. Among these, Ca
, Ba, Mg, Zn and Al cations are preferred.

Examples of the anion portion of the insoluble nonflammable inorganic substance include S40y and BO.

, BO4, Co1, S04, NO2, ClXBr, F,
Examples include I and OH. Among these, B.O.
3, Po4, C08, S04 and OH anions are preferred. Among the anions, S40. ,BO,
and BO4 has a flame retardant effect due to the mechanism of promoting carbonization, CO8 has a flame retardant effect due to the mechanism of generation of nonflammable gas, and halogens such as Cβ, F, and Br inhibit chain reactions in flaming combustion and are nonflammable. Each of these can be expected to have a flame retardant effect due to the mechanism of generation of toxic gases.

The above cations and anions are arbitrarily selected depending on the composition of the desired insoluble nonflammable inorganic substance to be produced in the wood, and by separately dissolving the water-soluble inorganic substance containing each of these ions in water, A cation-containing treatment liquid containing desired cations and an anion-containing treatment liquid containing desired anions are prepared. However, the combination of the cation and anion is appropriately selected so that an insoluble incombustible inorganic substance is likely to be generated within the wood structure.

Inorganic substances that dissolve in water to produce the above desired cations include MgCjL, MgBrz, MgSO4.H2
O, Mg (Now)t -6Hz O, CaC11
t, CaBrz, Ca(NOs)z, BaCA
z ・2Hz ○, BaBr, , Ba (No,
), , A11cIlx , Aj2Bri , ANz(
SO4)z , AN (Now)s ・9H, o, 7
．． Examples include, but are not limited to, nC12z and the like. Examples of the inorganic substance that dissolves in water to produce the desired anion include Na 2 COs
, (NH4)2 C0-1H2SO4, Na2S○4,
(NH,), BO4, Hs PO4, Nag HPO4
, (NH4)z HPOa , Hs Bow , Na
Bog, NH4BO2, etc. are mentioned, but as expected,
It is not limited to these. Each of the above water-soluble inorganic substances may be used alone, or a plurality of types may be used in combination in one treatment liquid within the range where a uniform aqueous solution can be formed without reacting with each other.

The inorganic substance impregnation treatment of the raw material wood using the above-mentioned cation-containing treatment liquid and anion-containing treatment liquid is performed, for example, as follows.

First, one of the two treatment liquids (the first liquid) is impregnated into the wood by immersing the raw material wood in the same treatment liquid. After impregnating with the first liquid, a treatment liquid (second liquid) containing ions of a partner that reacts with the first liquid is similarly impregnated to generate insoluble and nonflammable inorganic substances inside the wood.

Next, after the two liquids, the anion-containing treatment liquid and the cation-containing treatment liquid, are impregnated as described above, if necessary, a third liquid, a fourth liquid, etc. are prepared and repeated. The product layer may be densified by impregnation.

The cation/anion-containing side treatment liquids used at this time may be of the same type or different types, and their concentration is not particularly limited.

The impregnation treatment method, impregnation treatment time, etc. of each liquid are not particularly limited, and impregnation can be carried out under reduced pressure or pressure, or impregnation can be carried out by coating.

In addition, prior to the impregnation treatment with the first liquid, it is recommended that the raw material wood be subjected to a water saturation treatment so that the wood is sufficiently saturated with water. This is because the ions contained in the first liquid can be rapidly diffused using the water in the wood as a medium, and the processing time can be shortened. The water saturation treatment method is not particularly limited, but may be carried out by submerged wood storage, steaming, impregnation under reduced pressure, impregnation under pressure, or the like. In addition, the first
When the liquid is impregnated under reduced pressure or pressure, it is not necessarily necessary to carry out this water saturation treatment.

After the impregnation treatment, curing can be performed as necessary to promote the production reaction of insoluble and nonflammable inorganic substances.

After producing and fixing insoluble nonflammable inorganic substances in the wood through the above impregnation treatment, if necessary, the surface of the wood is washed with water, etc., and dried to obtain the desired wood containing insoluble nonflammable inorganic substances inside the wood. get.

Through each of the above treatments, it is possible to efficiently obtain wood that is highly flame retardant because it contains insoluble and nonflammable inorganic substances. The obtained wood has an inorganic substance impregnated and fixed inside the wood, so the wood texture is not impaired, and the wood has excellent appearance as well as the above-mentioned performance.

[For production]

If the frame material is made of wood, the surface plate and the frame material will not fit together, making it easier to assemble the door.Additionally, applying fire-retardant paint to the surface of the frame material will improve the fire safety of the door. Improves sex.

〔Example〕

Below, the wooden fire door according to the present invention will be explained in detail with reference to the drawings.

Figure 1 (al and (bl) represent the first embodiment of the wooden fire door according to the present invention. In Figure (b), the planar cross section of the wooden fire door is different from the actual one. It is shown reduced in the width direction.As seen in the figure, this wooden fire door 1 has a frame material 11 made of wood, which is constructed by incorporating vertical and horizontal bars in a grid pattern inside the four surrounding frames. It is configured in a planar shape, and has a surface plate 12 made of wood on both the front and back sides.
have a structure in which they are joined together via a reinforcing member 13 made of a slate plate. A fire-retardant paint is applied to the entire surface of the frame member 11 in order to improve the fire-retardant properties of the door.

A portion surrounded by the frame, vertical bars, and horizontal bars forming the frame member 11 is a space, and the frame member 11 alone constitutes a core member.

FIGS. 2(a) and 2(b) show a second embodiment of the wooden fire door according to the present invention. In addition, in the figure (bl), the planar cross section of the wooden fire door is shown reduced in the width direction of the door compared to the actual one.As shown in the figure, this wooden fire door 2 is made from wood. The framework material 21 is constructed into a planar shape by incorporating vertical bars and horizontal bars in a lattice shape inside the frame around the four sides, and a surface plate 22 made of wood is provided on both the front and back sides of the frame material 21.
have a structure in which the two are directly aligned without the use of reinforcements. A fire-retardant paint is applied to the entire surface of the frame member 21 in order to improve the fire-retardant properties of the door. The part surrounded by the frame, vertical bars, and horizontal bars that form the frame material 21 is a space,
The framework material 21 alone constitutes a core material.

Figure 3 (al and (bl) represent the third embodiment of the wooden fire door according to the present invention. In Figure (bl), the width of the door is smaller than the actual width of the wooden fire door. As shown in the figure, this wooden fire door 3 has a framework material 31 made of wood that has vertical and horizontal bars built into the frame around the four sides in a lattice pattern. It is constructed in the shape of a wood surface plate 32 made of wood on both the front and back sides.
have a structure in which the two are directly aligned without the use of reinforcements. A fire-retardant paint is applied to the entire surface of the frame member 31 to improve the fire-retardant properties of the door. A rock wool plate 34 is filled in the gap of the frame member 31 as a filler to improve the heat insulation of the door, and the frame member 31 and the rock wool plate 34 constitute a core material.

More specific examples of the present invention will be shown below, but the invention is not limited to the following examples and the already described examples.

Example 1-1 A 5 mm thick Japanese pine veneer cut with 0-tally lace was subjected to water saturation treatment to saturate the interior of the wood with water.

After the saturated water treatment, the veneer was soaked in a zinc chloride aqueous solution (concentration 2) at 50°C.
mol/water 1β) for 24 hours,
Next, it was immersed in a second bath consisting of a 50° C. disodium hydrogen phosphate aqueous solution (concentration 4 mol/water 1β) for 24 hours.

This inorganic treated veneer was dried with hot air to obtain a veneer with a water content of 5 to 10% and containing insoluble, non-combustible inorganic substances (hereinafter referred to as "inorganic treated veneer"). are laminated and glued to produce plywood (hereinafter referred to as "inorganic treated plywood"
It is called. ) was fabricated, and this inorganically treated plywood was processed and assembled to obtain a frame material with a planar structure in which vertical and horizontal bars were incorporated in a lattice pattern inside the frame around the four peripheries.

The entire surface of the resulting framework material was coated with an organic phosphate fireproofing paint, which was used as the core material, and a surface plate made of the above-mentioned inorganic treated veneer was applied to both sides of the core material through a slate board with a thickness of 3 mm. By pasting them together, we obtained a flush-type wooden fire door as shown in Figure 1.

Example 1-2 In Example 1-1, plywood made of untreated veneer (hereinafter referred to as "untreated plywood") was used instead of inorganic treated plywood as the material constituting the frame material. Except for this, a flush type wooden fire door as shown in FIG. 1 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1-1.

Example 2-1 The same procedure as in Example 1-1 was carried out, except that the slate board was not used and the top plate was directly bonded to both the front and back sides of the core material, as shown in Figure 2. A flush type wooden fire door as shown in Fig. 2 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 2-1 except that untreated plywood was used instead of inorganic treated plywood as the material for obtaining the flush type wooden fire door. I got it.

Example 3 In Example 2-1, the same procedure as in Example 2-1 was carried out, except that the core material was a rock wool board filled in the voids of the framework material coated with fire-retardant paint, as shown in Fig. 3. We obtained a flush type wooden fire door.

The fire resistance of the wooden fire doors obtained in Examples 1-1.1-2.2-1.2-2.3 was examined. Fire protection was evaluated as ○ if it was equivalent to a Class B fire door, ◎ if it was better than a Class B fire door, and X if it was inferior to a Class B fire door. The results are shown in Table 1.

Example 2-2 In Example 2-1, as shown in Table 1 of Table 1 of the materials constituting the frame material, in all Examples, the obtained wooden fire door passed the Class B fire door standard. It has been confirmed that it has fire retardant properties.

〔Effect of the invention〕

The wooden fire door according to the present invention is easy to assemble, has excellent fire protection, and has a rich wood texture.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1(a) is a perspective view illustrating the structure of a first embodiment of the wooden fire door of the present invention, FIG. 1(b) is a plan sectional view showing the first embodiment, and FIG. a) is a perspective view illustrating the structure of the second embodiment of the wooden fire door of the present invention, and FIG.
) is a plan sectional view showing the second embodiment, FIG. 3(a) is a perspective view illustrating the structure of the third embodiment of the wooden fire door of the present invention, and FIG. 3(b) is the same. FIG. 7 is a plan sectional view showing a third embodiment. 11.21.31... Frame material 12.22.32.
・・Face board agent Patent attorney Takehiko Matsumoto

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A wooden fire door in which a surface plate having at least the outermost surface made of wood is attached to both the front and back surfaces of a frame material made of wood configured in a planar shape, wherein the frame material is coated with fire-retardant paint. A wooden fire door characterized by being coated with. 2. The wooden fire door according to claim 1, wherein at least a part of the wood portion is wood containing an insoluble and nonflammable inorganic substance inside. 3 Wood containing an insoluble non-flammable inorganic substance inside is impregnated with one of the combinations of a cation-containing treatment liquid and an anion-containing treatment liquid that produce an insoluble non-flammable inorganic substance by mixing, and then the other is impregnated. 3. The wooden fire door according to claim 2, which is obtained by producing and fixing the insoluble incombustible inorganic substance in the wood structure. 4. The cation-containing treatment liquid contains at least one selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ba, Ca, Al, and Zn cations, and the anion-containing treatment liquid contains BO
The wooden fire door according to claim 3, which contains at least one selected from the group consisting of _3, PO_4, CO_3, SO_4, and OH anion.