JP7078055B2 - デバイスを通って輸送される材料を処理及び条件付けするためのデバイス - Google Patents
デバイスを通って輸送される材料を処理及び条件付けするためのデバイス Download PDFInfo
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- JP7078055B2 JP7078055B2 JP2019554898A JP2019554898A JP7078055B2 JP 7078055 B2 JP7078055 B2 JP 7078055B2 JP 2019554898 A JP2019554898 A JP 2019554898A JP 2019554898 A JP2019554898 A JP 2019554898A JP 7078055 B2 JP7078055 B2 JP 7078055B2
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Description
反応器管のパイプ内径は1~100mm(好ましくは、10~50mm、より好ましくは10~30mm)である。
(a)任意選択的にポリエチレングリコールを添加して、Pd塩の水溶液を調製するステップ
(b)ステップ(a)の溶液を加熱し、溶液に音波処理を行うステップ
(c)還元剤、好ましくは、ギ酸塩の溶液をPd溶液に添加するステップ
(d)金属酸化物粉末を添加するステップ
(e)ステップ(d)で得られた懸濁液をろ過及び乾燥させるステップ。
Pd塩を水(又は水性溶媒(水が少なくとも1つの他の溶媒と混合されていることを意味する))中に溶解させる。一般的に知られており、使用されている任意のPd塩を使用することができる。適切な塩はPdCl2又はNa2PdCl4である。1つのPd塩であることも、2つ以上のPd塩の混合物であることも可能である。さらに、少なくとも1つの界面活性剤を溶液に添加することが有利である。適切なのは、すなわちポリエチレングリコール(PEG)、ポリビニルピロリドン(PVP)又はグルコサミドである。
ステップの溶液を通常高温まで加熱する。通常、溶媒(又は使用される溶媒混合物)の沸点よりも高い温度までは加熱しない。通常、30℃~80℃の間の温度まで加熱する。音波処理は通常30~50kHzの周波数で実行する。音波処理ステップの持続期間は、通常、少なくとも10分であり、好ましくは20分超(適切及び好ましい範囲は30~120分)である。音波処理ステップの最長持続期間は重要でない。音波処理ステップは、超音波浴又は水浸探触子の使用により実行することができる。又はさらに、両方の方法の組合せも可能である。
ステップ(b)の溶液に還元剤を添加する。通常、ギ酸ナトリウム溶液である。しかしながら、他のギ酸塩(又はギ酸塩の混合物)も使用され得る。任意選択的に(代わりに、又は加えて)、H2ガス、L-アスコルビン酸、及び/又はギ酸を添加することも可能である。
ステップ(c)の溶液に金属酸化物粉末(又は金属酸化物粉末の混合物)を添加する。通常、反応混合物を攪拌する。
最後に、ステップ(d)の懸濁液をろ過し、結果として得られるドープされた金属酸化物粉末を通常洗浄及び乾燥させる。
(式中、
R1は線状もしくは分枝状C1~C35アルキル又は線状もしくは分枝状C5~C35アルケニル部分であり、ここで、C鎖は置換されていてもよく、
R2は線状又は分枝状C1~C4アルキルであり、ここで、C鎖は置換されていてもよく、
R3は、H又は-C(CO)C1~C4アルキルである)
の化合物を反応させる方法(P)にも関する。
(式中、
R1は線状もしくは分枝状C1~C35アルキル又は線状もしくは分枝状C5~C35アルケニル部分であり、ここで、C鎖は置換されていてもよく、
R2は線状又は分枝状C1~C4アルキルであり、ここで、C鎖は置換されていてもよく、
R3は、H又は-C(CO)C1~C4アルキルである)
の化合物を反応させる方法に関する。
(式中、
R1は線状もしくは分枝状C1~C35アルキル又は線状もしくは分枝状C5~C35アルケニル部分であり、ここで、C鎖は置換されていてもよく、
R2は線状又は分枝状C1~C4アルキルであり、ここで、C鎖は置換されていてもよく、
R3は、H又は-C(CO)C1~C4アルキルである)
の化合物を反応させる方法(P1)にも関する。
[実施例1 反応器管の製造]
記載される反応器(正確な寸法は以下に記載される)をレーザー焼結技術によって作製した。反応器管(reactor tune)をEOS MaragingSteel MS1(登録商標)(EOS GmbHから)から製造した。この技術を用いて、コンピューター支援設計(CAD)ソフトウェアにおいてほぼ全ての形状の三次元構造を設計することができ、次に1つの単一の部品として製造することができる。これは、例えば、米国特許第5’639’070号明細書、米国特許第5’732’323号明細書及び米国特許第6’676’892号明細書に記載されるように、金属粉末の層を付着させ、CADモデルに対応する選択された位置にエネルギーを向けて、新しい層を付着させる前にそれを焼結させ、再度手順を開始することによって行われる。
・ パイプ内径:14mm
・ 構造の全長:202.86mm(28の周期的ユニット)
・ 内側三角形の辺の長さ:2.415mm
・ 三角形の高さ:2.415mm
・ 周期的な単位長さ:7.245mm(3x三角形の高さ)
・ 空隙率:76.6%
三角形構造に、450℃で3時間熱的前処理を行った。プライマー溶液を調製するために、Ce(NO3)3・6H2O(508mmol)及び700mLの水をビーカーに添加した。塩が完全に溶解するまで混合物を攪拌子で攪拌した。溶液を90℃まで加熱し、ZnO(508mmol)を溶液にゆっくり添加した。90℃で攪拌を維持し、全てのZnOが完全に溶解するまで、65%の硝酸を液滴状で添加した(最終CHNO3=1M)。その後、溶液を室温まで冷却し、0.45μmのメンブレンフィルターによりろ過した。熱的前処理をした三角形構造の内部を50mLのプライマー溶液ですすぐことにより、ZnO/CeO2の付着を実施した。次に、構造を60℃、125mbarで2時間乾燥させた後、か焼を450℃で1時間行った。このプロセスを3回繰り返した。テトラクロロパラジウム(II)酸ナトリウム(0.32mmol)を96mLのMillipore水中に溶解させ、PEG-MS40(2mmol)を添加した。溶液を60℃まで加熱し、この温度で音波処理を開始した。その後、新たに調製したギ酸ナトリウム溶液(16mM、48mL)を添加した。溶液をこの温度でさらに60分間音波処理し、次に室温まで冷却した。得られた溶液を、溶液がほぼ無色になるまで、垂直位置にある三角形構造を通して4回すすいだ。次に、構造化反応器を減圧下、40℃で2時間乾燥させた。H2-Ar流(1:9、全流量450ml/分)の下、300℃で4時間(温度勾配10°/分)、構造に温度処理を行った。
上記のように製造した(実施例1)反応器管を使用した。水素化プロセスのための配置は図3において見ることができる。
Claims (13)
- 反応器管の中を流れる流体を処理するために入口端部及び出口端部を有する反応器管であって、前記流体を混合するために前記反応器管内には複数の格子構造が流れ方向に直列に配置されており、各格子構造が、多角形の形態の流れ断面により流路に境界をつける3セットの平行パーティションからなり、隣接する格子構造の前記パーティションのセットが互いに関してオフセット及び/又は回転されている、反応器管であって、
直列に配置された3つの格子構造のうちの2つでは、前記反応器管の中心軸が2つのパーティションの交線を通り、第3の格子構造では、前記多角形の1つの中央を通り、且つ
前記格子構造が酸化物プライマー層及び触媒層によりコーティングされている、反応器管。 - 前記平行パーティションの各セットにおいて、隣接するパーティションが等間隔であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の反応器管。
- 前記3セットの平行パーティションがいずれの場合にも120度の角度で交差することと、前記パーティションが正三角形の形態の流れ断面により流路に境界をつけることとを特徴とする、請求項1又は2に記載の反応器管。
- 前記流れ方向の前記格子構造の長さが前記正三角形の辺の長さにほぼ相当することを特徴とする、請求項3に記載の反応器管。
- 隣接する格子構造の前記パーティションのセットが、前記パーティションの1つの平面に垂直の方向に、互いに関してオフセットされていることを特徴とする、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の反応器管。
- 隣接する格子構造の前記パーティションのセットが、互いに関して60度の角度で回転されていることを特徴とする、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の反応器管。
- 前記格子構造の方向付けが周期的に繰り返されることを特徴とする、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の反応器管。
- 前記格子構造の方向付けがいずれの場合にも3つの格子構造の後に繰り返されることを特徴とする、請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の反応器管。
- 前記反応器管の三角形の高さが1~10mmである、請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の反応器管。
- 前記反応器管の周期的な単位長さが3~30mmである、請求項1~9のいずれか一項に記載の反応器管。
- 前記プライマー層が、酸化セリウム及び酸化亜鉛を含有する混合酸化物であることを特徴とする、請求項1~10のいずれか一項に記載の反応器管。
- 前記触媒層がパラジウムナノ粒子を含有することを特徴とする、請求項1~11のいずれか一項に記載の反応器管。
- 請求項1~12のいずれか一項に記載の複数の反応器管を特徴とする、水素化反応器。
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| WO2014024774A1 (ja) | 2012-08-10 | 2014-02-13 | 住友化学株式会社 | 炭素原子数2~4のオレフィンの製造方法及びプロピレンの製造方法 |
| JP2015501211A (ja) | 2011-10-27 | 2015-01-15 | ディーエスエム アイピー アセッツ ビー.ブイ. | 新規な触媒システム |
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