JP6810311B1 - Floating wind turbine equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To stabilize an angle including a wind direction and a rotation axis of a wind turbine without being affected by the shaking of the floating structure and the wind turbine equipment due to disturbance such as waves in the wind turbine equipment installed on the floating structure. SOLUTION: The wind turbine equipment is installed in a floating structure, and the wind turbine is a type in which a blade or a wind turbine rotates around a rotation axis in response to wind from a direction intersecting the rotation axis. The equipment shall support the shaft horizontally and maintain the function of adjusting the posture of the floating structure so that it intersects the wind direction. [Selection diagram] Fig. 1

Description

The present invention relates to a floating offshore wind turbine facility in which the wind turbine receiving angle is stable even on a floating structure that is shaken by the influence of disturbance such as waves.

Offshore wind power generation facilities are being developed because they can be operated in an environment with better wind conditions than on land without being restricted by the area on land.

Floating offshore wind turbines are generally wind turbines in which three blades (wings) rotate around a horizontal axis of rotation, which is called a horizontal axis and has good power generation efficiency and is easy to increase in size. There is.

In a floating offshore wind turbine, the floating structure may be shaken and tilted by the waves. At this time, if the blade is tilted upwind, the relative wind speed with respect to the blade increases, and the rotation speed of the rotor of the generator increases. Since the wind power generation facility wants to keep the amount of power generation constant over time, the blade pitch is adjusted to reduce the rotation speed in order to keep the rotation speed of the rotor constant. Then, the resistance of the wind to the blade becomes small, and the floating structure is tilted upwind. On the contrary, when the blade is tilted downwind, the relative wind speed with respect to the blade becomes small, and the rotation speed of the rotor of the generator decreases. In order to keep the rotation speed of the rotor constant, the pitch of the blades is adjusted to control the rotation speed to be increased. Then, the resistance of the wind to the blade increases, and the floating structure further tilts downwind. Such a phenomenon is called negative damping.

Such negative damping may hinder stable power generation in floating offshore wind turbines. As these measures, techniques for suppressing negative damping have been developed and disclosed.

Based on the rotation speed of the rotor shaft of the generator of the wind turbine installed at the tip of the tower installed on the floating structure or the seabed, basic pitch angle control including PI calculation is performed on the blade pitch angle of the wind turbine. A technique for correcting the basic pitch angle control based on the output of a generator, the sway of a wind turbine, or the like is disclosed in the correction control unit (Patent Document 1). Further, a wind power generator including an active vibration damping means for generating a thrust force for canceling the vibration of the nacelle on the wind turbine blade based on the acceleration of the vibration of the nacelle is disclosed (Patent Document 2).

The rotation axis of the wind turbine is used as the horizontal axis between the fixed bearing frames, and multiple rotors are connected to the horizontal axis, and the rotors are lift-type blades at the tip of the support arm projecting from the horizontal axis in the radial direction. Is disclosed in parallel with the horizontal axis, and a technique of a horizontal axis power generation device having high rotational torque and high power generation efficiency even at a low wind speed is disclosed (Patent Document 3).

On the other hand, a technique is disclosed in which a floating offshore wind turbine not only lands on the seabed and is moored, but also moves to another place by receiving wind from a sail laid on the floating body (Patent Document 4). Further, in a floating offshore wind power generation facility that does not land or moor, a means for acquiring a relative angle between the floating body and the wind direction and a method for controlling the posture are disclosed (Patent Document 5), and a method for controlling the posture of the floating body. Examples include a method of changing the angle of the rudder in water, a method of inserting a resistance plate on the leeward side or leeward side of the floating body, a method of using an auxiliary sail in front of or behind the floating body, and a method of using a thruster in water.

Patent No. 5443629 Patent No. 4599350 JP 2019-82124 Patent No. 5807319 JP 2019-189059

FIG. 7 shows a state when the inclination of the horizontal axis wind turbine to the windward side or the leeward side becomes large due to the shaking caused by the influence of the disturbance on the floating structure. The reference position of the wind turbine is 22 with respect to the wind 11. The state of being inclined toward the leeward side is 21 and the state of being inclined toward the leeward side is 23. Regardless of which direction the wind turbine is tilted, the wind receiving area is reduced and the power generation efficiency is reduced. The angle between the wind direction and the rotation axis of the wind turbine becomes large, the load on the constituent mechanism of the wind turbine increases, and equipment failure is likely to occur. The inclination of the wind turbine tends to cause the tower to bend or buckle.

FIG. 8 shows a state in which the tower tilts to the windward side and the leeward side due to the shaking of the floating structure, taking a vertical axis wind turbine called a Savonius type as an example. The reference position of the wind turbine is 32 with respect to the wind 11. The state of being inclined toward the leeward side is 31 and the state of being inclined toward the leeward side is 33. Regardless of which direction the wind turbine is tilted, the power generation efficiency will decrease and the risk of failure will increase, as with the horizontal axis type wind turbine.

In the inventions described in Patent Documents 1 and 2, the mechanism is complicated, the number of failure factors increases, and the equipment cost also increases.

In the invention described in Patent Document 3, the support base of the rotor is fixed, and the fluid is always used under a constant direction.

The problem to be solved is that the sway of the floating structure due to the disturbance such as the wave of the sea surface changes in conjunction with the angle consisting of the rotation axis of the wind turbine and the wind direction.

In the present invention, in order to stabilize the angle consisting of the rotation axis of the wind turbine and the wind direction even if the floating structure is shaken by disturbance such as waves, the rotation axes of the wind turbine are arranged horizontally and intersect with the wind direction. Is the most important feature.

The floating structure is also characterized by having a mechanism in which the posture follows a changing wind direction.

The floating wind turbine equipment of the present invention is used in a form in which a wind turbine generally called a vertical axis type is laid down sideways. When the rotation axis is arranged in a positional relationship perpendicular to the wind direction, the angle between the wind direction and the rotation axis does not change from the orthogonal state even if the floating body tilts due to the fluctuation of the sea surface or the resistance of the wind, so the wind turbine is rotated stably. It has the advantage of being able to.

Since the angle between the wind direction and the rotation axis of the wind turbine does not change, the wind receiving area of the wind turbine does not change either.

In the range from the surface of the earth called the friction layer of the atmosphere to 1000 m, the atmosphere is decelerated by the friction with the surface of the earth. In other words, the higher the place, the faster the wind speed. By making the rotation axis of the wind turbine horizontal, the characteristics of the blade / wind receiver on the wind receiving side and the wind receiving side can be used properly.

It is a perspective view which showed Example 1 of this invention. It is a side view which showed Example 1 of this invention. It is a perspective view which showed Example 2 of this invention. It is a side view which showed Example 2 of this invention. It is a perspective view which showed Example 3 of this invention. It is a side view which showed Example 3 of this invention. It is a perspective view when the horizontal axis wind turbine is inclined to the windward side or the leeward side. It is a perspective view when a wind turbine called a Savonius type as an example of a vertical axis wind turbine is tilted to the windward side or the leeward side. It is a perspective view when the wind turbine part of this invention is inclined to the windward side or the leeward side.

The purpose of stabilizing the angle consisting of the rotation axis of the wind turbine and the wind direction regardless of the shaking of the wind turbine is to arrange the rotation axis of the wind turbine horizontally and intersect the wind direction, and in the floating structure, the rotation axis of the wind turbine intersects the wind direction. It was realized by maintaining the attitude of facing.

The wind turbine uses a type in which the blade or the wind receiver rotates around the rotation axis by receiving the wind from the side surface of the rotation axis.

The wind turbine that receives the wind from the side surface of the rotating shaft may be one that is pushed by the wind called a drag type and rotates, or one that is rotated by a lift generated by the wind called a lift type.

When the rotating shaft of the wind turbine is crossed horizontally and with the wind direction, the rotating shaft may be a double-sided type in which both ends thereof are supported by a support, or a cantilever type in which only one side is supported by a support. In the case of the cantilever type, it is easy to balance the weight by attaching rotating shafts on both sides of the support. Structural strength can be obtained by holding both sides of the rotating shaft.

The rotation of the wind turbine may be used as mechanical power or may be used for a power generation device.

A perspective view of Example 1 of the equipment of the present invention is shown in FIG. 1, and a side view is shown in FIG. On the floating structure 5 on the water surface 12, there are a rotating shaft 2 and a bearing 3 supported by two supports 4, and a wind turbine 1 that is connected to the rotating shaft and rotates is attached. When the wind 11 blows at an angle intersecting the wind turbine rotating shaft, the wind turbine rotates together with the rotating shaft, and the rotating shaft is connected to the generator to generate electricity.

A power generation facility, a power storage facility, and a power control unit are contained in the floating body 5.

Even if the equipment of the present invention is pushed by the wind and tilts in the leeward direction, or when the equipment is tilted in the leeward direction due to the reaction thereof, the angle at which the wind direction and the wind turbine rotation axis intersect does not change.

FIG. 9 shows that the angle at which the wind direction intersects with the rotation axis of the wind turbine does not change even if the equipment of the present invention is tilted in the leeward direction or in the leeward direction due to the shaking caused by the disturbance. The reference position of the wind turbine is 42 with respect to the wind 11. The state of being inclined toward the leeward side is 41, and the state of being inclined toward the leeward side is 43. The wind receiving area does not change regardless of which direction the wind turbine tilts.

A perspective view of Example 2 of the apparatus of the present invention is shown in FIG. 3, and a side view is shown in FIG. The sail 6 receives the wind and generates lift. Since the equipment of the present invention is not fixed, it moves by the force of wind. The rudder 7 changes the traveling angle of the moving equipment by changing the angle. Changing the traveling angle of the equipment includes adjusting the rotation axis of the wind turbine and the wind direction so that they are not parallel to each other. These help move the equipment of the present invention to sea areas with suitable wind conditions at sea.

The power generation efficiency of the wind turbine is best when the wind direction and the rotation axis of the wind turbine are orthogonal to each other. The second embodiment may proceed diagonally toward the upwind or leeward depending on the angle of the movement target sea area with respect to the wind direction.

A perspective view of Example 3 of the equipment of the present invention is shown in FIG. 5, and a side view is shown in FIG. The mooring line 9 connects the equipment of the present invention to the seabed or other structures. The tail feather 6 faces leeward when the wind hits it. It is useful to orient the equipment of the present invention so that the axis of rotation of the wind turbine intersects the wind direction.

The crossing means a state in which the wind direction and the rotation axis of the wind turbine have an angle, including orthogonality, rather than parallel.

By making the structure and equipment that the wind turbine rotation axis intersects the wind direction and has a horizontal positional relationship, there is no decrease in power generation efficiency in the environment where the floating equipment equipped with the wind turbine vibrates in a tilted manner due to the shaking of the wind or water surface. It has few failures and can be applied.

1 Wind turbine 2 Rotating shaft 3 Bearing 4 Support base 5 Floating structure 6 Sail 7 Ladder 8 Tail feather 9 Mooring line 11 Wind 12 Water surface 21 Horizontal axis wind turbine tilted forward with respect to wind direction 22 Horizontal axis wind turbine with reference position with respect to wind direction 23 Wind direction Horizontal axis wind turbine tilted backward 31 Vertical axis wind turbine tilted forward with respect to wind direction 32 Vertical axis wind turbine tilted backward with respect to wind direction 33 Vertical axis wind turbine tilted backward with respect to wind direction 41 Wind turbine unit of the equipment of the present invention tilted forward with respect to wind direction 42 Wind turbine unit of the equipment of the present invention at a reference position with respect to the wind direction 43 Wind turbine unit of the equipment of the present invention tilted backward with respect to the wind direction

Claims (3)

A windmill installed on a floating structure
A wind turbine is a type in which a blade or a wind turbine rotates around a rotation axis in response to wind from a direction intersecting the rotation axis.
Floating wind turbine equipment characterized by arranging the rotation axes of the wind turbine horizontally and intersecting the wind direction so that the angle between the rotation axis of the wind turbine and the wind direction is stable even if the wind turbine shakes. The floating wind turbine facility according to claim 1.
Floating wind turbine equipment that has a sail that receives propulsion from the wind on the floating structure and a mechanism that controls the posture of the floating structure so that the rotation axis of the wind turbine and the wind direction are not parallel. The floating wind turbine facility according to claim 1.
Floating wind turbine equipment with mooring lines to the seabed or other structures and tail feathers to prevent the axis of rotation of the wind turbine from being parallel to the wind direction.