JP6512110B2 - 非水電解質二次電池 - Google Patents
非水電解質二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6512110B2 JP6512110B2 JP2015561204A JP2015561204A JP6512110B2 JP 6512110 B2 JP6512110 B2 JP 6512110B2 JP 2015561204 A JP2015561204 A JP 2015561204A JP 2015561204 A JP2015561204 A JP 2015561204A JP 6512110 B2 JP6512110 B2 JP 6512110B2
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- positive electrode
- active material
- electrode active
- aqueous electrolyte
- electrolyte secondary
- Prior art date
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- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims description 34
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 55
- -1 methyl fluorinated propionate Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
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- MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[La+3].[La+3] MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- HPUOAJPGWQQRNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentoxybenzene Chemical compound CCCCCOC1=CC=CC=C1 HPUOAJPGWQQRNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DLRJIFUOBPOJNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenetole Chemical compound CCOC1=CC=CC=C1 DLRJIFUOBPOJNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001690 polydopamine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940090181 propyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N triglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOC YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Description
本発明における正極活物質としては、一般式LiCoaNibMncAldM1eO2(M1=Si、 Ti、 Ga、 Ge、Ru、 Pb、 Sn)で表されることができる。特に、M1=Geであることが好ましい。ゲルマニウムは活物質表面に存在しこれが正極の保護膜として働くため、電解液との反応を防ぐことが可能となる。
本発明における負極活物質としては、リチウムを吸蔵・放出可能な材料を用いるものが好ましい。例えば、リチウム金属、リチウム合金、炭素化合物、金属化合物等を挙げることが出来る。また、これらの負極活物質を一種類で使用してもよく、また二種類以上組み合わせて使用してもよい。炭素化合物としては、乱層構造を有する炭素材料、天然黒鉛、人造黒鉛、ガラス状炭素などの炭素材料が挙げられる。これらは、充放電時に生じる結晶構造の変化が非常に少なく、高い充放電容量を得ることができると共に、良好なサイクル特性を得ることが出来るので好ましい。特に、黒鉛は容量が大きく、高いエネルギー密度を得ることができるため好ましい。また、リチウム金属やリチウム合金も挙げられる。合金系は黒鉛に比べて電位が高いため、同じ電圧で電池の充放電を行った場合、正極電位も高くなるため、さらなる高容量化が期待できる。合金の金属としては、スズ、鉛、マグネシウム、アルミニウム、ホウ素、ガリウム、ケイ素、インジウム、ジルコニウム、ゲルマニウム、ビスマス、カドニウム等が挙げられ、特にケイ素およびスズの少なくとも一方を含むことが好ましい。ケイ素及び、スズはリチウムを吸蔵・放出する能力が大きく、高エネルギー密度を得ることが出来る。
本発明で用いる非水電解質の溶媒は限定するものではなく、非水電解質二次電池に従来から用いられてきた溶媒を使用することが出来る。例えば、環状炭酸エステル、鎖状炭酸エステル、エステル類、環状エーテル類、鎖状エーテル類、ニトリル類、アミド類等が挙げられる。上記環状炭酸エステルとしては、エチレンカーボネート、プロピレンカーボネート、ブチレンカーボネートなどが挙げられる。上記鎖状炭酸エステルとしては、ジメチルカーボネート、エチルメチルカーボネート、ジエチルカーボネート、メチルプロピルカーボネート、エチルプロピルカーボネート、メチルイソプロピルカーボネートなどが挙げられる。上記エステル類としては、酢酸メチル、酢酸エチル、酢酸プロピル、プロピオン酸メチル、プロピオン酸エチル、γ−ブチロラクトンなどが挙げられる。上記環状エーテル類としては、1,3−ジオキソラン、4−メチル−1,3−ジオキソラン、テトラヒドロフラン、2−メチルテトラヒドロフラン、プロピレンオキシド、1,2−ブチレンオキシド、1,4−ジオキサン、1,3,5−トリオキサン、フラン、2−メチルフラン、1,8−シネオール、クラウンエーテルなどが挙げられる。上記鎖状エーテル類としては、1,2−ジメトキシエタン、ジエチルエーテル、ジプロピルエーテル、ジイソプロピルエーテル、ジブチルエーテル、ジヘキシルエーテル、エチルビニルエーテル、ブチルビニルエーテル、メチルフェニルエーテル、エチルフェニルエーテル、ブチルフェニルエーテル、ペンチルフェニルエーテル、メトキシトルエン、ベンジルエチルエーテル、ジフェニルエーテル、ジベンジルエーテル、o−ジメトキシベンゼン、1,2−ジエトキシエタン、1,2−ジブトキシエタン、ジエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールジエチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールジブチルエーテル、1,1−ジメトキシメタン、1,1−ジエトキシエタン、トリエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、テトラエチレングリコールジメチルなどが挙げられる。上記ニトリル類としては、アセトニトリル等、上記アミド類としては、ジメチルホルムアミド等が挙げられる。そして、特に、これらの水素の一部または全部をフッ素化されているものが好ましい。フッ素化により非水電解質の耐酸化性が向上するため、正極表面の酸化雰囲気が高まる高電圧状態でも電解液の分解を防ぐことが出来る。また、これらを単独または複数組み合わせて使用することができ、特に、環状カーボネートと鎖状カーボネートとを組み合わせた溶媒が好ましい。
非水溶媒に加えるリチウム塩としては、従来の非水電解質二次電池において電解質として一般に使用されているものを用いることができ、例えば、LiPF6、LiBF4、LiAsF6、LiClO4、LiCF3SO3、LiN(FSO2)2、LiN(ClF2l+1SO2)(CmF2m+1SO2)(l,mは1以上の整数)、LiC(CpF2p+1SO2)(CqF2q+1SO2) (CrF2r+1SO2) (p,q,rは1以上の整数)、Li[B(C2O4)2](ビス(オキサレート)ホウ酸リチウム(LiBOB))、Li[B(C2O4)F2]、Li[P(C2O4)F4]、Li[P(C2O4)2F2]等が挙げられ、これらのリチウム塩は一種類で使用してもよく、また二種類以上組み合わせて使用してもよい。
(実施例1)
[正極の作製]
正極活物質は、以下のように調製した。リチウム源として炭酸リチウムを用い、コバルト源として四酸化コバルトを用い、コバルトの置換元素源となるニッケル、マンガン、アルミニウム源として、水酸化ニッケル、二酸化マンガン、水酸化アルミニウムとを用いた。コバルト、ニッケル、マンガン及びアルミニウムのモル比を84:10:5:1で乾式混合した後、これをリチウム及び遷移金属のモル比が1:1になるよう炭酸リチウムと混合し、粉末をペレットに成型して、空気雰囲気中において、900℃で24時間焼成し、正極活物質を調製した。
黒鉛と、増粘剤としてのカルボキシメチルセルロースと、結着材としてのスチレンブタジエンゴムとを、質量比で98:1:1となるように秤量し、水に分散させて負極活物質合剤スラリーを調製した。この負極活物質合剤スラリーを、厚さ8μmの銅製の負極芯体の両面にドクターブレード法により塗布した後、110℃で乾燥させて水分を除去して、負極活物質層を形成した。そして、圧縮ローラーを用いて所定の厚さに圧延し、所定サイズに裁断して負極極板を作製した。
非水溶媒として、フルオロエチレンカーボネート(FEC)と、フッ素化プロピオンカーボネート(FMP)を用意した。25℃における体積比で、FEC:FMP=20:80となるように混合した。この非水溶媒に、ヘキサフルオロリン酸リチウムを濃度が1mol/Lとなるように溶解して、非水電解質を調製した。
次に、非水電解質二次電池としての特性の評価について説明する。まず、非水電解質二次電池の製造方法について、図2及び図3を用いて説明する。ラミネート形非水電解質二次電池20は、ラミネート外装体21と、正極板と負極板とを備え偏平状に形成された巻回電極体22と、正極板に接続された正極集電タブ23と、負極板に接続された負極集電タブ24とを有している。巻回電極体22は、それぞれが帯状である正極板、負極板及びセパレーターを有し、正極板と負極板とがセパレーターを介して互いに絶縁された状態で巻回されるようにして構成されている。
コバルト、ニッケル、マンガン及びアルミニウムのモル比を79:15:5:1になるように正極活物質を調製したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして電池A2を作製した。
コバルト、ニッケル、マンガン及びアルミニウムのモル比を68:25:5:2になるように正極活物質を調製したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして電池A3を作製した。
コバルト、ニッケル及びマンガンのモル比を90:5:5になるように正極活物質を調製したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして電池B1を作製した。
コバルト、ニッケル及びアルミニウムのモル比を89:10:1になるように正極活物質を調製したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして電池B2を作製した。
コバルト及びニッケルのモル比を90:10になるように正極活物質を調製したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして電池B3を作製した。
コバルト及びマンガンのモル比を90:10になるように正極活物質を調製したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして次電池B4を作製した。
正極活物質の表面に希土類化合物を付着させなかったこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして電池B5を作製した。
上記電池について、下記の条件で充放電試験を行った。
400mAの定電流で電池電圧が4.50Vとなるまで充電し、電池電圧が各値に達した後は、各値の定電圧で40mAとなるまで充電を行った。そして、800mAの定電流で電池電圧が2.50Vとなるまで放電を行い、このときに流れた電気量を測定して1回目の放電容量を求めた。負極に用いられる黒鉛の電位は、リチウム基準で約0.1Vである。このため、電池電圧4.50Vにおいて正極電位はリチウム基準で4.53V以上4.60V程度となる。上記と同じ条件で充放電を繰り返して100回目の放電容量を測定し、容量維持率を以下の式を用いて算出した。また、測定温度は45℃で行った。容量維持率(%)=(100回目の放電容量/1回目の放電容量)×100
結果を表1に示す。
<実験2>
正極活物質の表面にエルビウム化合物を付着させず、以下のようにして酸化ホウ素を付着させたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして電池A4を作製した。
正極活物質に対し0.5質量%のB2O3と正極活物質とを乾式混合後、300℃で5時間熱処理を行い、表面にB2O3が付着した正極活物質を得た。
正極活物質の表面にエルビウム化合物を付着させず、以下のようにして酸化ランタンを付着させたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして電池A5を作製した。
正極活物質に対し0.5質量%のLa2O3と正極活物質とを乾式混合後、300℃で5時間熱処理を行い、表面にLa2O3が付着した正極活物質を得た。
実験1と同様の条件で100サイクル後の容量維持率を算出した。結果を表2に示す。
Claims (3)
- リチウムイオンを吸蔵・放出する正極活物質を有する正極と、リチウムイオンを吸蔵・放出する負極活物質を有する負極と、非水電解質とを備え、
前記正極活物質は、LiCo a Ni b Mn c Al d O 2 (0.65≦a≦0.85、0.05≦b≦0.25、0.03≦c≦0.05、0.005≦d≦0.02)で示され、遷移金属モル比が1≦Ni/Mn≦5、10≦Ni/Al≦30、10≦(Ni+Mn)/Al≦20であり、
前記正極活物質の表面の一部に水酸化エルビウム、オキシ水酸化エルビウム、酸化ホウ素及び酸化ランタンから選択される少なくとも1種が付着しており、
前記非水電解質はフッ素化溶媒を含む、
非水電解質二次電池。 - 前記正極の電位がリチウム基準で4.53V以上である、請求項1に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記フッ素化溶媒がフルオロエチレンカーボネート、フッ素化プロピオン酸メチル及びフッ素化メチルエチルカーボネートを含む請求項1または2に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
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| JP2014022965 | 2014-02-10 | ||
| JP2014022965 | 2014-02-10 | ||
| PCT/JP2015/000339 WO2015118832A1 (ja) | 2014-02-10 | 2015-01-27 | 非水電解質二次電池 |
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| JP7685709B2 (ja) * | 2020-02-28 | 2025-05-30 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 非水電解質二次電池用正極活物質および非水電解質二次電池 |
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| JP2005196992A (ja) * | 2003-12-26 | 2005-07-21 | Hitachi Ltd | リチウム二次電池用正極材料及び電池 |
| JP2007265731A (ja) * | 2006-03-28 | 2007-10-11 | Hitachi Maxell Ltd | リチウムイオン二次電池 |
| JP4656097B2 (ja) * | 2007-06-25 | 2011-03-23 | ソニー株式会社 | 非水電解質二次電池用正極活物質およびその製造方法、並びに非水電解質二次電池 |
| JP5399188B2 (ja) * | 2009-09-28 | 2014-01-29 | 三洋電機株式会社 | 非水電解質二次電池 |
| JP5747457B2 (ja) * | 2010-01-06 | 2015-07-15 | 三洋電機株式会社 | リチウム二次電池 |
| JP2011171113A (ja) * | 2010-02-18 | 2011-09-01 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | リチウム二次電池用正極活物質及びその製造方法並びにそれを用いたリチウム二次電池 |
| EP2421077B1 (en) * | 2010-08-17 | 2013-10-23 | Umicore | Positive electrode materials combining high safety and high power in a Li rechargeable battery |
| TW201232901A (en) * | 2011-01-21 | 2012-08-01 | Sanyo Electric Co | Positive electrode active material for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, positive electrode for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery using the positive electrode active material and non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery using the positi |
| US20150132666A1 (en) * | 2012-01-17 | 2015-05-14 | Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. | Positive electrode for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, and non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery |
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| CN105981205A (zh) | 2016-09-28 |
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