JP6098871B2 - 燃料電池用触媒及びカソード - Google Patents
燃料電池用触媒及びカソード Download PDFInfo
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- JP6098871B2 JP6098871B2 JP2013039566A JP2013039566A JP6098871B2 JP 6098871 B2 JP6098871 B2 JP 6098871B2 JP 2013039566 A JP2013039566 A JP 2013039566A JP 2013039566 A JP2013039566 A JP 2013039566A JP 6098871 B2 JP6098871 B2 JP 6098871B2
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims description 28
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 23
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 47
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 38
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 206010021143 Hypoxia Diseases 0.000 claims description 31
- NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoromethane Chemical compound FC NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 210000002381 plasma Anatomy 0.000 description 26
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 19
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 18
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 6
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000002484 cyclic voltammetry Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000295 emission spectrum Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000026 X-ray photoelectron spectrum Methods 0.000 description 4
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009832 plasma treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004833 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002848 electrochemical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002940 repellent Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001075 voltammogram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910007740 Zr—F Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008034 disappearance Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004502 linear sweep voltammetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012916 structural analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Landscapes
- Inert Electrodes (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Description
[1]酸素欠損を有する酸化ジルコニウムであって、硫黄またはフルオロカーボンの被覆を有する複合体。
[2]複合体表面の水接触角が70〜120°の範囲である[1]に記載の複合体。
[3]酸素欠損を有する酸化ジルコニウムはZrO2-x(xは 0.001〜0.1の範囲である)で示される[1]または[2]に記載の複合体。
[4]硫黄の被覆量は、酸素欠損を有する酸化ジルコニウムのジルコニウムに対する硫黄のモル比で0.01〜0.5の範囲である[1]〜[3]のいずれか1項に記載の複合体。
[5]フルオロカーボンの被覆量は、酸素欠損を有する酸化ジルコニウムのジルコニウムに対するフルオロカーボンのフッ素のモル比で0.01〜0.5の範囲である[1]〜[3]のいずれか1項に記載の複合体。
[6]固体高分子型燃料電池カソード用触媒として用いられる[1]〜[5]のいずれか1項に記載の複合体。
[7][1]〜[5]のいずれか1項に記載の複合体を触媒として電極担体に担持した、固体高分子型燃料電池用カソード。
本発明は、酸素欠損を有する酸化ジルコニウムであって、硫黄またはフルオロカーボンの被覆を有する複合体に関する。酸素欠損を有する酸化ジルコニウムは、ZrO2-x(xは 0.001〜0.1の範囲である)で示されるものであることができる。酸素欠損量xは、本発明の複合体を固体高分子型燃料電池カソード用触媒として用いる際に、酸性電解質中での酸素還元能及び安定性に優れるという観点から、好ましくは0.01〜0.08の範囲であり、より好ましくは、0.03〜0.06の範囲である。酸化ジルコニウムの酸素欠損量は、例えば、酸化ジルコニウムのXPSスペクトルにおけるZr3dスペクトルのピーク(ZrO2 3d5/2 :182.7eV及びZrO2 3d3/2 :184.7eV)の低エネルギー側へのシフト量から求めることができる。この点については、非特許文献1および2を参照できる。
本発明は、上記本発明の複合体を触媒として電極担体に担持した、固体高分子型燃料電池用カソードを包含する。
1)活物質の合成
合成装置を図1に示す。円盤状カーボンフェルトの3ピース(直径3cm、厚さ0.5cm)の間上部に酸化ジルコニウム 0.5gを、下部に所定量のドープ物質(硫黄またはポリテトラフルオロエチレン(PTFE))をそれぞれ挟み、これを硬質ガラス容器に入れ、マルチモードタイプのマイクロ波空洞共振器内に配置した。0.001 MPaに減圧した後、500W 、2.45 GHzのマイクロ波を所定時間照射した。発生したプラズマにより硫黄またはPTFEをドープした酸化ジルコニウム(S-ZrO2、またはCF-ZrO2)を合成した。
合成したS-ZrO2等に導電剤としてケッチェンブラックおよび結着剤としてポリフッ化ビニリデンを、重量比 10 : 3 : 1 で混合し、カーボンペーパーに塗布して、電極を作製した。電気化学測定には3極式セルを用いた。作用極には作製した電極を、対極には白金を、参照電極には可逆水素電極を、電解液には0.1 M 硫酸水溶液を用いた。電極の安定性は、温度25℃、窒素雰囲気中でのサイクリックボルタンメトリーにより評価した。酸素還元触媒能は、25℃窒素雰囲気中および酸素雰囲気中でのリニアスイープボルタンメトリーにより評価した。
1)発生プラズマの分析
ドープ物質に硫黄またはPTFEを用いた場合の発光スペクトルを図2に示す。硫黄を添加した場合は、硫黄に起因する発光スペクトルが検出された。PTFEを添加した場合は、N または CN に起因する発光スペクトルが検出された。酸素欠損を引き起こすプラズマはS-ZrO2においてはSプラズマであり、CF-ZrO2においてはNおよびCNプラズマであることが判明した。
ZrO2原料、S-ZrO2およびCF-ZrO2のSEM像を図3に示す。いずれも粒子径等のモフォロジーに大きな変化は見られなかった。
図8にZrO2、 S-ZrO2 および CF-ZrO2電極の3、 6、 9サイクルのサイクリックボルタモグラム(CV)を示す。いすれの電極もサイクルでの変化はなく安定していた。この結果は、硫黄またはPTFEドープによる電極安定性に変化がないことを示唆している。
Claims (7)
- 酸素欠損を有する酸化ジルコニウムであって、硫黄またはフルオロカーボンの被覆を有する複合体。
- 複合体表面の水接触角が70〜120°の範囲である請求項1に記載の複合体。
- 酸素欠損を有する酸化ジルコニウムはZrO2-x(xは 0.001〜0.1の範囲である)で示される請求項1または2に記載の複合体。
- 硫黄の被覆量は、酸素欠損を有する酸化ジルコニウムのジルコニウムに対する硫黄のモル比で0.01〜0.5の範囲である請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の複合体。
- フルオロカーボンの被覆量は、酸素欠損を有する酸化ジルコニウムのジルコニウムに対するフルオロカーボンのフッ素のモル比で0.01〜0.5の範囲である請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の複合体。
- 固体高分子型燃料電池カソード用触媒として用いられる請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の複合体。
- 請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の複合体を触媒として電極担体に担持した、固体高分子型燃料電池用カソード。
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2013039566A JP6098871B2 (ja) | 2013-02-28 | 2013-02-28 | 燃料電池用触媒及びカソード |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2013039566A JP6098871B2 (ja) | 2013-02-28 | 2013-02-28 | 燃料電池用触媒及びカソード |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2014167876A JP2014167876A (ja) | 2014-09-11 |
| JP6098871B2 true JP6098871B2 (ja) | 2017-03-22 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| JP2013039566A Expired - Fee Related JP6098871B2 (ja) | 2013-02-28 | 2013-02-28 | 燃料電池用触媒及びカソード |
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Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117121223A (zh) * | 2021-08-12 | 2023-11-24 | 株式会社Lg新能源 | 包含正极添加剂的锂二次电池用正极 |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002216537A (ja) * | 2001-01-16 | 2002-08-02 | Kansai Research Institute | プロトン伝導性固体電解質及びプロトン伝導性固体電解質シート |
| JP2008270181A (ja) * | 2007-03-28 | 2008-11-06 | Univ Nagoya | 電極、電極触媒組成物および燃料電池 |
| JP2012017490A (ja) * | 2010-07-06 | 2012-01-26 | Sumitomo Chemical Co Ltd | 電極触媒 |
| JP5797435B2 (ja) * | 2011-03-24 | 2015-10-21 | 国立大学法人横浜国立大学 | 酸素還元触媒 |
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| JP2014167876A (ja) | 2014-09-11 |
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