JP6068921B2 - 薬剤溶出型デバイスの製造方法 - Google Patents
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Description
本発明に用いられる生体適合性ナノ粒子は、生理活性物質及び生体適合性高分子を1,000nm未満の平均粒径を有するナノ単位の大きさの粒子(ナノスフェア)に加工することができる球形晶析法を用いて、ナノ粒子の内部に生理活性物質を封入することにより製造される。球形晶析法は高剪断力を発生しない粒子調製法であるため、特に、生理活性物質が外部応力に弱い核酸化合物等の場合にも好適に用いることができる。
次に、生理活性物質が封入された生体適合性ナノ粒子をステント本体に付着させてナノ粒子層を形成する方法について説明する。ナノ粒子を付着させる方法としては、ナノ粒子懸濁液への浸漬やミストコート等によりナノ粒子をステント本体に物理的に付着させる方法を用いても良いが、上述したように本発明で用いられるナノ粒子表面は正または負に帯電しているため、ナノ粒子を電気的に付着させることによりステント本体に強固且つ均一にコーティング可能となる。ここでは、カチオン性化合物で正電荷修飾された生体適合性ナノ粒子の懸濁液中でステント本体を負極として通電する電気泳動法と、負に帯電させたステント表面に生体適合性ナノ粒子含有液滴を付着させる噴霧法を例に挙げて説明する。
表面にナノ粒子層が形成されたステントをそのままの状態で使用すると、ステントと血管内壁面との摩擦や、疾患部位に到達後、ステントを拡張する際の変形等によって、ステント本体からナノ粒子層が剥がれ落ちるおそれがある。そこで、上記ナノ粒子付着工程によりナノ粒子層を形成した後、ナノ粒子を形成する生分解性高分子を溶解可能な揮発性の有機溶媒の蒸気中に一定時間暴露する。
[PLGAナノ粒子の調製]
0.5重量%のポリビニルアルコール(PVA403、クラレ社製)水溶液と、0.02重量%のキトサン(モイスコートPX、片倉チッカリン製)水溶液を混合し、貧溶媒とした。生体適合性高分子である乳酸・グリコール酸共重合体(PLGA7520、和光純薬製)2gをアセトン40mLに溶解し、良溶媒とした。この良溶媒を先の貧溶媒中に40℃、400rpmで攪拌下、一定速度(4mL/分)で滴下し、良溶媒の貧溶媒中への拡散によって、生理活性物質未封入のPLGAナノ粒子懸濁液を得た。
[ステント本体へのPLGAナノ粒子のコーティング]
実施例1で調製したPLGA複合ナノ粒子を精製水で希釈して0.75%懸濁液とした。一方、内径2.5mm、長さ17mmのコバルト−クロム合金製パイプをレーザーカッターで網目状に削り、ステント本体を作製した。このステント本体の内径を若干拡張させてステンレス(SUS316L)製パイプに外挿した。
[ステント本体にコーティングされたPLGAナノ粒子層の後処理]
[実施例3]
[比較例]
[DES表面からのナノ粒子層の剥離性評価]
[実施例4]
実施例3で作製した本発明のDES、及び比較例で作製したDESを精製水で濡らした後、軟質シリコンチューブをDESのナノ粒子層に軽く押し当てた。この状態で軟質シリコンチューブを50回往復させ、摩擦によるナノ粒子層の剥離状況を光学顕微鏡で観察した。その結果、実施例3で作製した本発明のDESはナノ粒子層の剥離が認められなかった、一方、比較例で作成したDESはナノ粒子層が剥離してステント本体の金属面が露出していることが確認された。
[実施例5]
図6に示すように、実施例3で作製した本発明のDES20、及び比較例で作製したDES20の内腔に、それぞれバルーンカテーテル21のバルーン21aを挿入して収縮固定した。このときのナノ粒子層の剥離状況を光学顕微鏡で観察した。一方、擬似血管モデルとして長さ1m、内径2mmのポリエステル製の軟質チューブ23を用意した。図7に示すように、波形状(波長6cm、振幅5cm、波数3)に湾曲させて固定した。生理食塩水を充満させた軟質チューブ23内にDES20を装着したバルーンカテーテル21を挿入して引き抜く動作を3回繰り返し、摩擦によるナノ粒子層の剥離状況を光学顕微鏡で観察した。
上記の操作後、図8に示すように、生理食塩水中にてDES20の内腔に挿入されたバルーン21aを9気圧で拡張し、1分間保持した。その後、DES20を生理食塩水から引き上げ、ナノ粒子層の剥離状況を光学顕微鏡で観察した。結果を表1に示す。表1中、ナノ粒子層の剥離が認められない場合を○、若干の剥離が認められた場合を△、著しい剥離が認められた場合を×とした。
[実施例6]
図5に示したナノ粒子コーティング装置を用いて、金属板(コバルト−クロム合金製、幅1mm、厚さ0.1mm)の表面にナノ粒子層をコーティングした。そして、実施例3におけるアセトン蒸気中の処理時間(暴露時間)を、1分、5分、10分、30分の4段階に変更してナノ粒子層の後処理を行った。
2 ポリビニルアルコール
3 生理活性物質
4 カチオン性高分子
5 電気泳動装置
6 浴槽
7 懸濁液
8 ステント本体
9 正極
10 金属繊維
11 ナノ粒子層
13 ナノ粒子懸濁液
14 円筒容器
15 ステンレス製パイプ
16 シリコンチューブ
17 外部電源
18 電流計
20 DES
21 バルーンカテーテル
21a バルーン部
23 軟質チューブ
Claims (6)
- 水溶液に、少なくとも生理活性物質の溶液と乳酸・グリコール酸共重合体を有機溶媒に溶解させた溶液との混合液を加えて、前記生理活性物質が前記乳酸・グリコール酸共重合体中に封入された生体適合性ナノ粒子の懸濁液を生成するナノ粒子形成工程と、
前記生体適合性ナノ粒子をコバルト−クロム合金製のデバイス本体に電気的に付着させてナノ粒子層を形成するナノ粒子付着工程と、
前記ナノ粒子層が形成された前記デバイス本体を、前記乳酸・グリコール酸共重合体を溶解可能なアセトンの蒸気中に5分以上暴露する後処理工程と、
を有することを特徴とする薬剤溶出型デバイスの製造方法。 - 前記ナノ粒子形成工程は、水溶液中にカチオン性高分子を溶解させておくことにより、粒子表面が正電荷修飾された生体適合性ナノ粒子の懸濁液を生成することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の薬剤溶出型デバイスの製造方法。
- 前記生体適合性ナノ粒子の懸濁液に、さらにアニオン性薬物を添加することを特徴とする請求項2に記載の薬剤溶出型デバイスの製造方法。
- 前記ナノ粒子付着工程が、電気泳動法、超音波ミスト法、スプレー法若しくはエアーブラシ法のいずれかにより行われることを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の薬剤溶出型デバイスの製造方法。
- 前記ナノ粒子付着工程は、前記デバイス本体に形成された前記ナノ粒子層の上にさらにナノ粒子層を積層する第2付着工程を有することを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の薬剤溶出型デバイスの製造方法。
- 前記ナノ粒子付着工程を複数回繰り返すことにより、異なる生理活性物質が封入された生体適合性ナノ粒子から成る前記ナノ粒子層を、積層状又はモザイク状に形成することを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項5のいずれか1項に記載の薬剤溶出型デバイスの製造方法。
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