JP5979913B2 - ナノカーボン材料製造装置及び方法 - Google Patents
ナノカーボン材料製造装置及び方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5979913B2 JP5979913B2 JP2012044577A JP2012044577A JP5979913B2 JP 5979913 B2 JP5979913 B2 JP 5979913B2 JP 2012044577 A JP2012044577 A JP 2012044577A JP 2012044577 A JP2012044577 A JP 2012044577A JP 5979913 B2 JP5979913 B2 JP 5979913B2
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- catalyst
- nanocarbon material
- fluidized bed
- nanocarbon
- moisture
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- 229910021392 nanocarbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 95
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 92
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 10
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 80
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 54
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 54
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- -1 NH 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PZPGRFITIJYNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N disilane Chemical compound [SiH3][SiH3] PZPGRFITIJYNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010405 reoxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 24
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 21
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical class C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
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- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
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- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940037003 alum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium phosphate Chemical compound O1[Al]2OP1(=O)O2 ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;sodium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Al+3] ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GVALZJMUIHGIMD-UHFFFAOYSA-H magnesium phosphate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GVALZJMUIHGIMD-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 239000004137 magnesium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000157 magnesium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960002261 magnesium phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010994 magnesium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003020 moisturizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229920000642 polymer Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005092 sublimation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
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- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/18—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
- B01J8/24—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/15—Nano-sized carbon materials
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- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
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Description
ここで、本実施例では、活性成分(鉄:Fe)を担持した担体(酸化マグネシウム:MgO)からなる一次粒子を圧密した所定粒径の二次粒子のナノカーボン材料製造用触媒を、触媒作用と流動作用とを兼用とする流動触媒として用いている。
ここで、ナノカーボン材料製造用の触媒微粒子の粒径としては、細粒のままの触媒ではなく、細粒触媒を製造した後に図示しない触媒造粒装置により造粒して、その後整粒を行い、粒径として、例えば0.05〜10mmの範囲、好適には、0.4〜2.0mmとすることが好ましい。これは流動層反応方式の場合には、流動化ガスにより触媒が飛散してしまうのを防止することが好ましいからである。
ここで、本発明で還元処理を行うのは、流動触媒11Aの金属成分は触媒担持手段50で得られた際、金属酸化物状態となっているので、その酸化物状態からメタル状態として、金属部分を剥き出しにするためである。
(FeO)+CH4→C(ナノカーボン材料)+H2O・・・(1)
これに対し、本発明で還元処理した場合の反応では、下記式(2)に示すように、製造の際に水分が発生しない。
(Fe)+CH4→CNT+2H2・・・(2)
この結果、流動層反応器12内では、良好なナノカーボン材料の成長が促される。
なお、原料ガスである炭素原料のメタンは還元剤であるので、流動層反応器12内は還元雰囲気が保たれ、金属触媒はメタル状態を維持している。
図4に示すように、活性金属102からナノカーボン材料105の成長がなされる際、活性金属102の周囲をアモルファスカーボン107により被覆され、ナノカーボン材料105の成長を阻害する場合がある。
このアモルファスカーボンに対し、微量に添加した水分がアタックしてアモルファスカーボンを消失させ、健全なナノカーボン材料成長を促すようにしている。このアモルファスカーボン部分が消失する理由は、成長したナノカーボン材料部分よりも触媒に形成されたアモルファスカーボンの方が低い温度で消失するからであって、アモルファスカーボンは、ナノカーボンの生成温度雰囲気に投入された水分(水蒸気)により酸化されることで消失する。
原料ガスとしては、メタンを用いた。
図3に示すように、H2O(400ppm)/原料(CH4:80%)ガス比が0.0002〜0.0008の範囲において、触媒の活性が良好であり、好ましいことが判明した。
図7は、ナノカーボンを添加した薄膜の表面抵抗率を示すグラフである。ここで、図7中、横軸はDTA(示差熱分析)発熱ピーク温度(℃)であり、縦軸はナノカーボン分散膜の表面抵抗率(Ω/sq)である。
図6では、流動層反応器出口で測定した水分濃度に対するナノカーボン材料の生成状態を分析している。流動層反応器出口の水分濃度の増加に伴い、ナノカーボンの燃焼ピーク温度(DTA発熱ピーク温度)が高温側にシフトする。つまり、原料ガス中の水分濃度によってナノカーボンが消失し、消失し難い凝集したナノカーボン材料(燃焼ピーク温度が高い)が相対的に多く生成していることを示す。
また、図7に示すように、燃焼ピーク温度(DTA発熱ピーク温度)が高いナノカーボンを添加した薄膜は抵抗率が増大しており、導電性を付与するナノカーボン材料としては適さないことが分かる。
生成の際に原料ガスまたは反応炉に水分を微量添加することで、ナノカーボン材料を高純度で生成することができる。高純度のナノカーボン材料は導電率が高く、半導体素子、配線、透明導電膜、電池、金属複合材、電線、有機樹脂または導電塗料等において導電性を付与する材料として用いられる。
本実施例では、この原料供給装置14から供給された炭素原料13に、水分付与槽61により水分を微量付与するようにしている。
水分付与槽61内に窒素をバブリングさせて、炭素原料である原料ガス(メタン)に水分を微量添加するようにし、水分含有ガス62としている。
なお、流動層反応器12に直接水分を供給するようにしてもよい。
図2は、実施例2に係るナノカーボン材料製造装置の概略図である。本実施例では、連続して回収することができる装置を示す。
図2に示すように、本実施例では、水素を別途供給する代わりに、排ガスから供給するものである。
図2に示すように、フリーボード部12bから外部に排出される排ガス18a中には水素が存在するので、この排ガス18aの一部を水素分離部63に導入して、ここで水素を分離し、分離された水素を還元槽60内に導入するようにしている。
これにより、水素を外部から導入することなく、ナノカーボン材料製造装置内で賄えることとなる。
11A 流動触媒
11B 還元処理流動触媒
12 流動層反応器
13 炭素原料
60 還元槽
61 水分付与槽
Claims (6)
- 活性金属を有する流動触媒を還元する還元工程と、
還元された前記流動触媒を用い、原料ガスと水分を流動層に供給することで前記流動触媒の活性金属にナノカーボン材料を成長させる生成工程とを有し、
前記水分は、水分/原料ガス比が0.0002〜0.0005であることを特徴とするナノカーボン材料製造方法。 - 請求項1において、前記還元工程の還元剤が水素、NH4、シラン、ジシランであることを特徴とするナノカーボン材料製造方法。
- 請求項1又は2において、前記活性金属を有する流動触媒は、0.05〜10mmの範囲の粒径に造粒されていることを特徴とするナノカーボン材料製造方法。
- 請求項1乃至3のいずれか一つにおいて、前記還元された流動触媒は、再酸化を防止した状態で前記生成工程に移されることを特徴とするナノカーボン材料製造方法。
- 請求項1乃至4のいずれか一つにおいて、前記生成工程は、流動層に供給される水分により活性金属に生成されるアモルファスカーボンが消失していることを特徴とするナノカーボン材料製造方法。
- 活性金属を還元する還元槽と、
還元された還元処理流動触媒によりナノカーボン材料を成長させる流動層反応器と、
前記流動層反応器に原料ガスを供給するガスラインと、
前記流動層反応器に水分を微量供給する水分付与部とを有し、
前記水分は、水分/原料ガス比が0.0002〜0.0005であることを特徴とするナノカーボン材料製造装置。
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