JP5958121B2 - Vibration power generator - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a vibration power generation apparatus that converts vibration energy of a structure installed on a vibration source such as a road surface into electric energy.

  Various vibration control devices have been proposed to control the vibrations of skyscrapers caused by wind and earthquakes. This type of vibration control device absorbs vibrations by converting vibration energy into thermal energy. Generally, an oil damper is used.

  With regard to effective use of vibration energy due to wind or earthquake, for example, Patent Documents 1 to 3 propose techniques for converting vibration energy into electric energy and using it.

  In Patent Document 1, a mass body arranged separately from a vibration control object, a support mechanism that supports the mass body so as to be relatively displaceable with respect to the vibration control object, a mass body, and a vibration control object, A damping mechanism for attenuating the relative displacement of the damping member. The damping mechanism is interposed between the fixed part fixed to the mass body, the fixed part fixed to the vibration damping structure, and the two fixed parts. The damping body is laminated on both sides of the dielectric substrate and a flexible dielectric substrate that expands and contracts in accordance with the relative displacement between the mass body and the object to be damped. There has been proposed a vibration damping device that includes a pair of electrodes and has a power generation property that generates electrical energy from the pair of electrodes by expansion and contraction of a dielectric substrate.

  Patent Document 2 proposes a power generation method in a bridge in which a functional displacement generated in the bridge is given as energy for power generation to a piezoelectric element attached to the bridge.

  In patent document 3, it consists of a seismic isolation device and / or a vibration control device, and a plurality of piezoelectric elements and a suspension part for suspending each piezoelectric element, and is installed in the seismic isolation device and / or the vibration control device. Thus, with the deformation of the seismic isolation device and / or the vibration control device, there has been proposed a building including a power generation device that generates power by causing a plurality of piezoelectric elements suspended by a suspension portion to collide with each other. Yes.

JP 2011-144892 A JP 2004-274810 A JP 2008-259354 A

  There is a strong demand for an energy source that can replace nuclear power generation, and methods that effectively use vibrations that occur in natural phenomena as energy sources and methods that regenerate energy have been proposed. However, vibrations due to wind and earthquakes do not occur constantly and cannot be a stable energy source.

  In addition, research has also been conducted to change the vibration of the floor generated by the walking of many people into electric power with piezoelectric elements, but this is also based on the movement of people who always walk, so what is a stable and stable energy source? It can't be.

  As a method of converting vibration energy due to vibration generated in a natural phenomenon into electric energy, a piezoelectric element is attached to a plate, and the plate is distorted by vibration to generate an electromotive force to convert the vibration energy into electric energy. Although there is a method, it is difficult to obtain a sufficient power generation amount when the strain amount of the plate is small.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described points, and an object of the present invention is to utilize a vibration source in which vibration is constantly generated and efficiently convert the vibration energy of the vibration source into electric energy. An object of the present invention is to provide a vibration power generator that can be converted.

  The vibration power generation apparatus of the present invention electrically generates mechanical strain at a site where maximum strain is generated at the time of resonance between a structure installed on a vibration source that constantly generates micro vibrations and the vibration source vibration of the structure. And a strain-power converter for converting energy.

  According to the vibration power generation apparatus of the present invention, since the structure is installed on the vibration source that constantly generates fine vibration, the vibration source that generates vibration constantly can be used, and the vibration of the structure can be utilized. Since a strain-power conversion device that converts mechanical strain into electrical energy at a site where maximum strain occurs at the time of resonance with the source vibration is provided, the vibration energy of the vibration source is converted into electrical energy, that is, power. Can be converted efficiently.

  In the present invention, the vibration source may be a road surface on which the vehicle always travels, or may be a foundation on which mechanical equipment is installed in a factory or the like.

  In the vibration power generation device of the present invention, the structure may be a gate-type structure. In such a case, the gate-type structure is a pair of support columns and an upper structure connecting the pair of support columns. In a preferred example, the strain-power converter is at least one of the uppermost part and the base part of the pair of struts where the maximum distortion occurs. The mechanical strain at each of the upper portion and the base portion may be converted into electric energy. According to such a vibration power generation device, the uppermost portion and the base portion of the pair of struts that are portions where the maximum strain is generated. In order to convert the electrical energy into the respective mechanical strains, the vibration energy of the vibration source can be efficiently converted by the electrical energy.

  The strain-power conversion device may include a piezoelectric element that is installed at a site where maximum strain occurs and converts mechanical strain at the site into electrical energy.

  In the vibration power generator of the present invention, the structure has a natural frequency of 2 Hz to 5 Hz, 2.5 Hz to 4.5 Hz, 3 Hz to 3.5 Hz, or 3 Hz to 3.3 Hz. Or may be configured to be 3 Hz, 3.15 Hz, or 3.3 Hz, and the structure is tuned to the dominant frequency of the vibration source. You may be comprised so that. According to such a vibration power generation apparatus, a structure installed on a vibration source can be vibrated greatly due to a resonance phenomenon. For example, vibration generated when a heavy vehicle such as a dump truck passes a road surface is approximately 3 Hz. Since it has an outstanding frequency in the vicinity, by setting the natural frequency of the structure installed on the road surface as the vibration source to be 3 Hz or a frequency in the vicinity thereof as described above, The structure installed on the road surface can be greatly vibrated by the resonance phenomenon.

  In the vibration power generation device of the present invention, a plurality of the above-described structures may be installed on the vibration source, and in this case, a plurality of the above-described strain-power provided corresponding to the plurality of structures. Each of the conversion devices may be configured to convert mechanical strain at a portion where the maximum strain is generated at the time of resonance with the vibration source vibration of the corresponding structure into electrical energy, or a plurality of structures. The objects may have the same or different natural frequencies, and at least one structure of the plurality of structures has its natural frequency tuned to the dominant frequency of the vibration source. It may be configured to be.

  In the vibration power generation device of the present invention, the power conversion device further includes a displacement-power conversion device that converts mechanical displacement at a portion where the maximum displacement occurs at the time of resonance with the vibration source vibration of the structure into electric energy. According to such a vibration power generator, the vibration energy of the vibration source can be more efficiently converted into electric energy.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the vibration electric power generating apparatus which can utilize the vibration source which generate | occur | produces a vibration constantly and can convert the vibration energy of this vibration source into an electrical energy efficiently can be provided.

FIG. 1 is an overall explanatory view of a preferred embodiment according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of the vibration mode type of displacement of the structure shown in FIG. FIG. 3 is an explanatory view of the vibration mode type of distortion of the structure shown in FIG. FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram regarding the spectrum analysis of vibrations acquired from the road surface. FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of an installation example of the vibration power generator shown in FIG. 1. FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram regarding a resonance response curve in the frequency response of the one-degree-of-freedom system. FIG. 7 is an overall explanatory view of another preferred embodiment according to the present invention. 8A is an explanatory diagram of a vibration mode type of displacement at the time of resonance of the structure shown in FIG. 7, and FIG. 8B is a bending moment (at the time of resonance of the structure shown in FIG. It is explanatory drawing of the vibration mode type of distortion. FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram regarding a response magnification curve of a tower-like structure that resonates at 3 Hz. FIG. 10 is an overall explanatory view of still another preferred embodiment according to the present invention.

  Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail based on preferred examples shown in the drawings. The present invention is not limited to these examples.

  A vibration power generation apparatus 1 of this example shown in FIG. 1 includes a portal structure 3 as a structure installed on a road surface 2 as a vibration source that constantly generates fine vibration due to traffic vibration or mechanical vibration of a factory, In order to convert mechanical strains at the uppermost portions 15 and 16 and the base portions 17 and 18, which are portions where the maximum distortion of the vibration mode shape occurs, at the time of resonance with the vibration source vibration of the portal structure 3, into electrical energy. At the time of resonance between the strain-power converter 8 having the piezoelectric elements 4, 5, 6, and 7 installed on the top portions 15 and 16 and the base portions 17 and 18, and the vibration source vibration of the portal structure 3 And a displacement-power conversion device 9 for converting mechanical displacements at the uppermost portions 15 and 16, which are portions where the maximum displacement of the vibration mode type occurs, into electrical energy.

  The gate-type structure 3 is bridged by connecting a pair of support pillars 11 and 12 that extend in the vertical direction and have the same shape, and the uppermost parts 15 and 16 of the support pillars 11 and 12, and And an upper structure 13 having sufficiently high rigidity compared to the rigidity of 12.

  As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, in the displacement and bending moment (strain) in the vibration mode form of the primary mode of the portal structure 3, the maximum amplitude of the displacement is generated in the uppermost portions 15 and 16 of the columns 11 and 12. The maximum amplitude of the distortion is generated at the four portions of the uppermost portions 15 and 16 and the base portions 17 and 18, and thus the portion where the maximum amplitude is generated is obtained by using the portal structure 3 as a structure. The power generation efficiency can be greatly improved.

  The vibration constantly generated on the road surface 2 by a heavy vehicle such as a dump truck traveling on the main road has an excellent frequency at and around 3 Hz, as is apparent from the spectrum analysis shown in FIG. Thus, the portal structure 3 is oscillated at a natural frequency of 2 Hz to 5 Hz, for example, so that the natural frequency is tuned to the dominant frequency of the road surface 2 as a vibration source. It is configured to be a number.

  When the natural frequency of the gate-type structure 3 installed on the road surface 2 is set to be 3 Hz or a frequency in the vicinity thereof as described above, vibration generated when a heavy vehicle such as a dump truck passes the road surface 2. Has a vibration frequency that is dominant at approximately 3 Hz and in the vicinity thereof, the vibration of the portal structure 3 can be increased by a resonance phenomenon with the vibration of the road surface 2 of the portal structure 3.

  The piezoelectric elements 4, 5, 6, and 7 obtain an electromotive force when a strain is applied. Therefore, in order to obtain electric power efficiently, the piezoelectric elements 4, 5, 6 are located at a portion where the bending moment (strain) is maximum. And 7 are attached, and the piezoelectric elements 4, 5, 6 and 7 have a maximum bending moment in the primary vibration mode at the time of resonance with the vibration source vibration of the portal structure 3, and the maximum distortion occurs. Attached to the uppermost portions 15 and 16 and the base portions 17 and 18 of the support columns 11 and 12 as parts, respectively.

  The displacement-power converter 9 has a permanent magnet 21, a magnetic member 22 sandwiching the permanent magnet 21, and a coil 25 movable in the horizontal direction in a magnetic circuit 23 constituted by the permanent magnet 21 and the magnetic member 22. A vibrating body 24, a casing 27 that fixedly supports the permanent magnet 21 and the magnetic member 22, a support column 26 that rigidly supports the casing 27 on the road surface 2 in the horizontal direction, and the vibrating body 24 are attached and a magnetic member. 22 and a rod 28 penetrating the housing 27 in the horizontal direction, and each end has a pair of connecting members 29 connected and fixed to each end of the rod 28, and each other end connected and fixed to the upper structure 13. The supporting structure 30 is provided.

  The vibrating body 24 is a portal structure 3 which is a portion where the maximum displacement of the vibration mode shape occurs at the time of resonance with the vibration source vibration of the portal structure 3 that resonates due to vibration on the road surface 2 where fine vibration is always generated. Is supported rigidly in the horizontal direction via the support structure 30.

  The magnetic circuit 23 fixed to the road surface 2, the coil 25 movable in the horizontal direction in the magnetic circuit 23, and the coil 25 are connected to the upper structure 13 which is a portion where the maximum displacement occurs in the portal structure 3. Such a displacement-power conversion device 9 including the connecting means including the support structure 30 causes the upper structure 13 to move to the upper structure 13 when the portal structure 3 vibrates in the horizontal direction based on the vibration of the road surface 2. The installed vibrating body 24 is displaced in the horizontal direction with respect to the casing 27 installed on the road surface 2, thereby obtaining an electromotive force. The displacement-power conversion device 9 of this example uses an electromotive force proportional to the speed at which the coil 25 as a conductor crosses the magnetic flux. However, if the displacement of the vibrating body 24 in the horizontal direction is large, as a result, A large electromotive force can be obtained.

  The gate-type structure 3 has a pair of support pillars 11 and 12 extending in the vertical direction, and an upper structure 13 as a heavy object is connected to the uppermost parts 15 and 16 of the support pillars 11 and 12. The distortion amplitude of the columns 11 and 12 and the displacement amplitude of the vibrating body 24 with respect to the displacement amplitude of the road surface 2 can be greatly increased.

According to the vibration power generation apparatus 1 of this example, the gate-type structure 3 as a structure installed on the road surface 2 as a vibration source that constantly generates micro-vibration, and the vibration source vibration of the gate-type structure 3 Strain having piezoelectric elements 4, 5, 6, and 7 installed at the uppermost portions 15 and 16 and the base portions 17 and 18 of the pair of support pillars 11 and 12, which are portions where the maximum distortion of the vibration mode shape at the time of resonance occurs. Since the power conversion device 8 is provided, it is possible to utilize a vibration source in which vibration is constantly generated, and to generate stable vibration energy in the portal structure 3. The strain-power converter 8 is installed on the pair of surfaces of the uppermost part 15 of the support 11 that faces each other in the horizontal direction at the uppermost part 15 of the support 11, and at the uppermost part 15 where the maximum distortion of the support 11 occurs. Convert mechanical strain into electrical energy The piezoelectric element 4 to be replaced and the machine at the uppermost part 16 which is installed on a pair of surfaces of the uppermost part 16 of the supporter 12 facing the horizontal direction at the uppermost part 16 of the supporter 12 and generates the maximum distortion of the supporter 12. The piezoelectric element 5 that converts the mechanical strain into electrical energy and the base 17 that is installed on a pair of surfaces of the base 17 of the support 11 facing the horizontal direction at the base 17 of the support 11 and generates the maximum strain of the support 11. Are installed on a pair of surfaces of the piezoelectric element 6 that converts the mechanical strain into electrical energy and the base 18 of the support 12 facing the horizontal direction at the base 18 of the support 12 and the maximum distortion of the support 12 occurs. and comprising a piezoelectric element 7 that converts the mechanical strain at the base 18 to electrical energy, during resonance of the piezoelectric elements 4, 5, 6 and 7 are a vibration source vibrations of the door-shaped structure 3 Based on the vibration increased by the resonance phenomenon of the gate-type structure 3 installed on the road surface 2 because it is installed at the top portions 15 and 16 and the base portions 17 and 18 where the maximum distortion of the vibration mode shape occurs. Thus, vibration energy can be efficiently converted into electric energy.

  According to the vibration power generation device 1, the displacement-power conversion device 9 installed in the upper structure 13 as a portion where the maximum displacement of the vibration mode shape occurs at the time of resonance with the vibration source vibration of the portal structure 3 is further provided. Therefore, vibration energy can be efficiently converted into electric energy.

  According to the vibration power generation apparatus 1, since the structure is composed of the gate-type structure 3, a portion where the maximum distortion of the vibration mode shape is generated at the time of resonance with the vibration source vibration of the gate-type structure 3 is the column 11. And 12 at the top 15 and 16 and the bases 17 and 18, so that vibration energy can be efficiently converted into electrical energy.

  According to the vibration power generation device 1, the natural frequency of the portal structure 3 is tuned to the dominant frequency of the vibration source, and therefore vibration due to the resonance phenomenon of the portal structure 3 installed on the road surface 2. For example, by setting the natural frequency of the portal structure 3 installed using the road surface 2 as a vibration source to be 3 Hz or a frequency near the frequency as described above. The gate-type structure 3 can suitably generate vibration due to a resonance phenomenon with respect to vibration having a vibration frequency that is predominantly around 3 Hz that is generated when a heavy vehicle such as a dump truck passes the road surface 2 and the vicinity thereof.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 5, for example, three gate-type structures 3 are juxtaposed on the road surface 2, and three strain-power conversions corresponding to the three gate-type structures 3 are provided. The vibration power generation apparatus 1 may be configured by providing the apparatus 8 and the three displacement-power conversion apparatuses 9. In this case, the natural frequency of the portal structure 3 is expressed by the resonance response curve 31, FIG. As shown by 32 and 33, the three gate-type structures 3 and 3 units are distributed by dispersing at and around 3 Hz of the dominant vibration of the road surface 2 such as 3 Hz, 3.15 Hz, and 3.3 Hz. The vibration power generator 1 having the strain-power converter 8 and the three displacement-power converters 9 can effectively obtain power according to the environment of the road surface 2. In other words, when a heavy vehicle such as a dump truck passes on the road surface 2, even if the dominant vibration frequency changes every moment, the vibration power generation device has a small amount of power generation fluctuation.

  In the above description, the structure is composed of the gate-type structure 3, but instead of this, the structure is fixedly supported by the mass body 40 and the uppermost portion 39, as shown in FIG. On the other hand, it may consist of a tower-like structure 35 having a support structure 41 that is fixedly supported by the base portion 36 and extends in the vertical direction on the road surface 2 through which dump trucks frequently pass. The strain-power conversion device 8 is a portion where the maximum distortion of the vibration mode shape occurs at the time of resonance with the vibration source vibration of the tower-like structure 35, for example, a portion where the bending moment of the primary mode is maximum. The displacement-power conversion device 9 may have a vibration mode when the vibrating body 24 resonates with the vibration source vibration of the tower-like structure 35. As the part where the maximum displacement of the shape occurs Fixedly connected to the tower-like structure 35 through a rod 28.

  In the tower-like structure 35, as shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B, the maximum amplitude of the displacement of the primary vibration mode occurs at the uppermost portion 39 of the tower-like structure 35, and the bending moment of the primary vibration mode is obtained. Maximum occurs at the base 36.

  Moreover, the tower-like structure 35 has a resonance frequency of 3 Hz and a response magnification at the time of resonance of 25 times, for example, as shown in FIG. 9. Therefore, the tower-like structure installed on the road surface 2. Even if the displacement amplitude of the base portion 36 of 35 is 1 mm, the displacement amplitude of the uppermost portion 39 is expanded to 25 mm so that even if the vibration of the road surface 2 is weak, the uppermost portion 39 vibrates greatly due to resonance. It has become.

  In the vibration power generator 1 shown in FIG. 7, the vibrating body 24 resonates with the dominant frequency of the road surface 2 when the mass M of the mass body 40 and the horizontal spring constant K of the support structure 41 are used. It is set to vibrate at the natural frequency f obtained by the following equation (1).

  Then, the displacement-power converter 9 shown in FIG. 7 causes the coil 25 to generate an electromotive force represented by the following expression (2) based on Fleming's law.

  Therefore, for example, when the magnetic flux density B of the magnetic circuit 23 is 0.5 T, the displacement amplitude x is 5 mm, the frequency f is 3 Hz, the number of wound coils is about 500, and the average coil diameter D is 15 mm, FIG. In the displacement-power conversion device 9 shown in FIG. 1, an electromotive force of about 1V can be obtained. Thus, the electromotive force of the piezoelectric element 37 is added to the electromotive force of about 1V. Oscillating power is constantly obtained. If the number of the displacement-power converters 9 is increased or the shape thereof is changed to a large size, the vibration generating power corresponding to the increase or change can be obtained.

  The vibration power generation apparatus 1 including the tower-like structure 35 illustrated in FIG. 7 can also achieve the same effects as those of the vibration power generation apparatus 1 illustrated in FIG. In the vibration power generator 1 having the portal structure 3, vibration energy can be converted into electric energy by the piezoelectric elements 4, 5, 6 and 7 without providing the displacement-power converter 9, and the tower In the vibration power generator 1 provided with the structure 35, the vibration energy can be converted into electric energy by the piezoelectric element 37 without providing the displacement-power converter 9 as shown in FIG.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Vibration power generator 2 Road surface 3 Gate type structure 4, 5, 6, 7, 37 Piezoelectric element 8 Strain-power converter 9 Displacement-power converter 35 Tower-like structure

Claims (12)

The mechanical strain at the site where the maximum strain occurs at the time of resonance between the gate-type structure installed on the vibration source that always generates micro vibration in one direction and the vibration source vibration of this gate-type structure is electrically The gate-type structure includes a pair of struts facing each other in one direction and an upper structure connecting the pair of struts in one direction. The strain-power converter is configured to convert mechanical strain at the top and base of each of a pair of struts, which are parts where maximum strain occurs, into electrical energy, -The power converter is installed on each pair of uppermost surfaces of the one struts facing each other at the uppermost portion of one strut of the pair of struts, and the maximum distortion of one strut is The mechanical distortion at the top A first piezoelectric element that converts energy into air energy, and a second piezoelectric element disposed on a pair of uppermost surfaces of the other struts facing each other at the uppermost part of the other struts. A second piezoelectric element that converts mechanical strain at the uppermost portion where the maximum strain of the struts of the plurality of struts is converted into electrical energy, and the one strut that faces in one direction at the base of one strut of the pair of struts A third piezoelectric element that is installed on a pair of surfaces of the base portion and converts mechanical strain at the base portion where the maximum strain of one strut occurs to electrical energy, and the other strut of the pair of struts And a fourth base for converting mechanical strain at the base where the maximum strain of the other strut occurs to electrical energy. Piezoelectric elements Bei to have vibration-powered generator. The vibration power generator according to claim 1, wherein the portal structure is configured such that the natural frequency thereof is a frequency between 2 Hz and 5 Hz. The vibration power generator according to claim 1, wherein the portal structure is configured such that a natural frequency thereof is a frequency between 2.5 Hz and 4.5 Hz. The vibration power generator according to claim 1, wherein the portal structure is configured such that a natural frequency thereof is a frequency between 3 Hz and 3.5 Hz. The vibration power generator according to claim 1, wherein the portal structure is configured such that a natural frequency thereof is a frequency between 3 Hz and 3.3 Hz. The vibration power generator according to claim 1, wherein the portal structure is configured such that a natural frequency thereof is 3 Hz, 3.15 Hz, or 3.3 Hz. The vibration power generator according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the portal structure is configured such that its natural frequency is tuned to a dominant frequency of a vibration source. A plurality of the gate-type structures are installed on a vibration source, and each of the plurality of strain-power converters provided corresponding to the plurality of gate-type structures has a corresponding gate type. The vibration power generator according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein a mechanical strain at a portion where the maximum strain is generated at the time of resonance with the vibration source vibration of the structure is converted into electric energy. The vibration power generator according to claim 8, wherein the plurality of portal structures have the same natural frequency. The vibration power generator according to claim 8, wherein the plurality of portal structures have different natural frequencies. 11. The structure according to claim 8, wherein at least one of the plurality of portal structures is configured such that a natural frequency thereof is tuned to a dominant frequency of a vibration source. The vibration power generator described in 1. The displacement-power conversion device according to any one of claims 1 to 11, further comprising a displacement-power conversion device for converting mechanical displacement into electrical energy at a portion where the maximum displacement is generated at resonance with the vibration source vibration of the portal structure. The vibration power generator described in the item.

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