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JP5726761B2 - 被駆動式手術用ステープラの改良 - Google Patents

被駆動式手術用ステープラの改良 Download PDF

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JP5726761B2
JP5726761B2 JP2011549196A JP2011549196A JP5726761B2 JP 5726761 B2 JP5726761 B2 JP 5726761B2 JP 2011549196 A JP2011549196 A JP 2011549196A JP 2011549196 A JP2011549196 A JP 2011549196A JP 5726761 B2 JP5726761 B2 JP 5726761B2
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シェルトン・フレデリック・イー・ザ・フォース
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Ethicon Endo Surgery Inc
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/068Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • A61B17/072Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
    • A61B17/07207Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously the staples being applied sequentially
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B2017/00017Electrical control of surgical instruments
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B2017/00681Aspects not otherwise provided for
    • A61B2017/00734Aspects not otherwise provided for battery operated
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/068Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • A61B17/072Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
    • A61B2017/07214Stapler heads
    • A61B2017/07242Stapler heads achieving different staple heights during the same shot, e.g. using an anvil anvil having different heights or staples of different sizes
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/068Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • A61B17/072Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
    • A61B2017/07214Stapler heads
    • A61B2017/0725Stapler heads with settable gap between anvil and cartridge, e.g. for different staple heights at different shots

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
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Description

(関連出願の相互参照)
本願は、2009年2月6日に出願された、フレデリック・E・シェルトン、IV(Frederick E. Shelton, IV)への米国特許仮出願第61/150,387号、名称「モーター駆動式手術用ステープラの改良(Motor-Driven Surgical Stapler Improvements)」の利益を主張するものである。
内視鏡検査用途に好適な手術用ステープラの一例が米国特許第5,465,895号(参照によって本願に組み込まれる)に記載されており、この米国特許第5,465,895号では、別個の閉鎖及び発射動作を有するエンドカッターが開示されている。モーター駆動式手術用ステープラの一例が米国特許公開第2007/0175958号(参照によって本願に組み込まれる)であり、この米国特許公開第2007/0175958号では、そのステープラの基本的機能、改良、背景、及び構成要素を詳述する引用が提示されている。最後には、そのシステムに対する更なる改良が開示されている。
米国特許公開第2007015958号の「背景技術」及び「課題を解決するための手段」から引用すれば、この装置を使用する臨床医は、ジョー部材を組織の上で閉鎖して、発射に先だって組織を位置決めすることが可能となる。ジョー部材が組織を適切に把持していると臨床医が判断すると、臨床医は次いで、装置に応じて一回の発射ストロークか、あるいは複数回の発射ストロークで手術用ステープラを発射することができる。手術用ステープラを発射することにより、組織が切断及びステープル止めされる。この同時的な切断とステープル止めにより、それぞれ切断及びステープル止めのみを行う別々の手術用器具を用いてそのような動作を逐次的に実施するときに生じ得る合併症を回避することができる。
発射前に組織を閉鎖できることの具体的な利点の1つは、十分な量の組織が対向するジョーの間に捕捉されていることを含めて、切断のための望ましい箇所が確保されていることを、臨床医が内視鏡を通じて確認できるということである。さもなければ、対向するジョーは、互いに過度に接近して引き寄せられ、特にジョーの遠位端部で挟み、したがって、切断された組織内に閉鎖したステープルを効果的に形成できないことがある。その一方で、締め付けられた過剰量の組織は、結合及び不完全な発射の原因となることもある。
内視鏡ステープラ/カッターは、世代を経るごとに複雑さと機能を増し続けている。この主な理由の1つは、すべて又は大多数の外科医が取り扱うことができる水準へと発射力(FTF)を低減させることが追求されていることである。FTFを低減するための既知の1つの解決策は、C02又は電気モーターを使用することである。これらの装置は、従来の手動式装置と比べて良好に発射するものではなかったが、これは別の理由によるものである。外科医は通常、上限をほとんどの外科医の力(一般に66.7N〜133.4N(15lbs〜30lbs))が及ぶ範囲内にして、切断/ステープル止めサイクルが完了したことを確信できるように、ステープルに付形する際にエンドエフェクタによって体感される力の分布よりも、比例した力の分布を好む。また、外科医は通常、ステープルの配置を制御すること、及び、装置のハンドルに感じられる力が強すぎると感じられる場合、あるいは他の臨床上の理由で、いかなるときにも停止できることを維持したいと望む。これらのユーザーフィードバック効果は、現行のモーター駆動式エンドカッターにおいては、適切に実現できるものではない。結果として、単にボタンを押すことで切断/ステープル止め動作が作動されるモーター駆動式エンドカッターは、外科医に一般には認められていない。
一般的な一態様において、本発明は、エンドエフェクタの位置、力、及び/又は展開についてユーザーにフィードバックを提供するモーター式手術用切断及び締結器具に関する。この器具はまた、様々な実施形態において、望まれる場合に展開を停止できることを含め、操作者がエンドエフェクタを制御することを可能にしている。この器具は、別々の作動動作を有する2つのトリガー、つまり、閉鎖トリガーと発射トリガーとをハンドル内に有してもよい。器具の操作者が閉鎖トリガーを後退させると、エンドエフェクタ内に配置された組織がエンドエフェクタによってクランプ締めされ得る。次いで、操作者が発射トリガーを後退させると、モーターが、ギア駆動系を介して回転主駆動軸アセンブリに動力を与えることができ、それにより、エンドエフェクタ内の切断器具が、クランプ締めされた組織を切断することになる。
様々な実施形態において、この器具は、装填力のフィードバックと制御を有する動力補助システムを備えて、切断操作を完了するために操作者が発揮することが必要となる発射力を低減することができる。そのような実施形態において、発射トリガーは、主駆動軸アセンブリのギア駆動系にギアで結合され得る。そのようにして、操作者は、切断器具に加えられている力に関するフィードバックを体感することができる。つまり、発射トリガーにおける装填力は、切断器具で体感される装填力に関連し得る。また、そのような実施形態において、発射トリガーはギア駆動系にギアで結合されているため、操作者が加える力は、モーターに加えられる力に加えられ得る。
様々な実施形態によれば、発射トリガーが適度に(例えば5度)後退すると、規定比で回転させる信号をモーターに送信するオン/オフスイッチが作動されることができ、したがって、駆動軸アセンブリ及びエンドエフェクタの作動が開始される。他の実施形態によれば、比例センサーが使用されてもよい。比例センサーは、操作者が発射トリガーに加えた力に比例する速度で回転させる信号をモーターに送信することができる。そのようにして、発射トリガーの回転位置は、切断器具がエンドエフェクタ内にある場所(例えば、完全に展開しているかあるいは完全に後退している)に概ね比例する。更に、操作者は、行程におけるある時点で発射トリガーの後退を停止させてモーターを停止させ、それによって切断運動を停止させることができる。加えて、エンドエフェクタの行程の開始(例えば、完全に後退した位置)及び行程の終了(例えば、完全に展開した位置)をそれぞれ検出するために、センサーが使用されてもよい。結果的に、センサーは、モーター、ギア駆動系、及びエンドエフェクタの閉ループ系の範囲外にあるエンドエフェクタ展開を制御するための適応制御システムを提供することができる。
他の実施形態において、発射トリガーは、エンドエフェクタを作動させるために使用されるギア駆動系に直接ギアで結合されなくてもよい。そのような実施形態において、発射トリガーに力を加えてエンドエフェクタにおける切断器具の展開をシミュレートするために、第2のモーターが使用されてもよい。第2のモーターは、主駆動軸アセンブリの漸進的回転に基づいて制御されてもよく、その漸進的回転は、回転エンコーダによって測定され得る。そのような実施形態において、発射トリガーの回転位置は、エンドエフェクタにおける切断器具の位置と関連付けられてもよい。加えて、主モーター(すなわち、主駆動軸に動力を与えるモーター)を制御するために、オン/オフスイッチ又は比例スイッチが使用されてもよい。
様々な実現形態において、エンドエフェクタは、エンドエフェクタの基部にて螺旋形の打込みネジを使用して、切断器具(例えば、ナイフ)を駆動してもよい。また、エンドエフェクタは、切断された組織をステープル止めするためのステープルカートリッジを含んでもよい。他の実施形態によれば、高周波エネルギー及び接着剤を含めて、切断された組織を締結(又は密封)するための他の手段が使用されてもよい。
また、この器具は、機械的な閉鎖システムを含んでもよい。その機械的な閉鎖システムは、細長いチャネルを含んでもよく、その細長いチャネルは、エンドエフェクタに配置された組織をクランプ締めするようにチャネルに旋回可能に連結された、アンビルなどのクランプ締め部材を有する。ユーザーは、閉鎖トリガーを後退させることによってエンドエフェクタのクランプ締め作用を作動させることができ、その閉鎖トリガーは、機械的な閉鎖システムを通じて、エンドエフェクタのクランプ締め作用を生じさせる。クランプ締め部材が定位置にロックされると、操作者は別の発射トリガーを後退させることによって切断操作を作動させることができる。これにより、エンドエフェクタによってクランプ締めされた組織を切断するために、切断器具をチャネルに沿って長手方向に移動させることができる。
様々な実現形態において、この器具は、エンドエフェクタを作動させるための回転主駆動軸アセンブリを含んでもよい。更に、主駆動軸は、関節継手を備えてもよく、それにより、エンドエフェクタは関節をなすことができる。関節継手は、例えば、かさ歯車アセンブリ、自由継手、又は捻り力をエンドエフェクタに伝達することが可能な柔軟捻りケーブルを備えてもよい。
本発明の他の態様は、ハンドルの下方のピストルグリップ部分に閉鎖トリガーをロックするための様々な機構に関する。そのような実施形態では、ギア駆動系及び機械的な閉鎖システムの構成要素を含めて、器具の他の構成要素のために、トリガーのすぐ上及び背後に、ハンドル内に空間が確保される。
本開示は、本明細書において、電池式のギア駆動自蔵内視鏡ステープル止め装置を実現し得る方法を示すものである。
本発明による手術用ステープラの遠位端部の斜視図。 チャネルからカートリッジを取り外した、本発明による手術用ステープラの遠位端部の斜視図。 ロックアウト指示器を示す、図1に類似した本発明による手術用ステープラの遠位端部の図。 本発明による手術用ステープラの近位端部の斜視図。
エンドエフェクタの照明方法/動力付きエンドカッターを用いた手術部位の照明:現在、エンドエフェクタがその展開位置に又はその近くにあるとき、隣接する構造物によって投じられる影が存在するだけでなく、エンドエフェクタが完全に別の構造物の背後に隠れることもあるため、外科医が治療部位を視角化することは時に困難である。図1に、アンビル11、カートリッジ本体7、及びチャネル13を含めて、本発明による手術用ステープラ1の遠位端部3が示されている。この図から分かるように、組織9を照明するために、更なる光源5がカートリッジ本体7の端部に配置され得る。この光源は、限定するものではないが、半導体(LEDなど)、通常の白熱電球又はフィラメント電球、エレクトロルミネセント又はレーザーを含めて、電気エネルギーを光に変換する実用的手段の任意の組み合わせであってよい。これにより、外科医が治療部位を直接照らすことが可能となるだけでなく、構造の背後から光を照らして血管系などの内部構成要素を見ることが可能となり、あるいはレーザーポインタを用いて、外科医が、顕微鏡を通して、対象となる領域を他者に指し示すことが可能となる。
これは、チャネル内の接点23と係合する1つ以上の接点21をカートリッジ7の背面に設けることによって、非常に容易に行われる。これにより、外科医は、ハンドル31に配置されたスイッチを通じて接点の組に電圧を加えることによって、必要に応じて光源に電圧を加えることが可能となる。説明する強度は主要な装置の作動速度を制御し得るので、このスイッチは、可変の強度を有し得る。
上記のように、米国特許公開第2007/0175949号では、図45〜47において出力ディスプレイが更に開示されており、この出力ディスプレイは、とりわけ、エンドエフェクタのこの位置フィードバック、ロックアウト状態、発射の回数などを示すことができる。これにより、ユーザーにとって困難な問題のうちの1つが最小限に抑えられるが、その問題とは、装置を作動させることなく、装置の状態、特に装置のロックアウト状態を示すことである。ユーザーに役立つ更なるフィードバックは、カートリッジが装填されるときのそのカートリッジの状態に関する即時フィードバックである。上記の用途と同様に、その即時フィードバックはハンドル31上のロックアウト指示にまとめられ得る。指示器33(LED、電球、LCD、音声発生器(sonic enunciator)、振動器など)が単独で、カートリッジロックアウト手段又は機構の状態に関連付けられることができ、それにより、この情報が外科医に提供される。LEDはハンドル上に設置されてもよい。別法として、カートリッジの「発射準備」が整っているか否かについての即時情報を外科医及びローダーに提供する指示器35が、遠位端部3の近くに設置され得る。これは、機械的ロックアウトに直接関連付けられるスイッチ又は接点の組を用いて達成され得る。このスイッチ又は接点は、指示器が適切な情報を提供するように回路を完成させる。この完成した接点の組は、そり(特許公開第20070175958号における部品33)内の導電性要素を通じたものでもよく、これらの2つの接点は、チャネル(部品22)の近位の位置にあってもよい。ロックアウト状態を検出するための別の方法は、器具の状態を間接的に用いるものである(例I:カートリッジが装填されており、発射の試行がないことは、ロックアウトが係合していないことを示す。例2:器具が発射しており、新たなカートリッジが取り付けられていないことは、ロックアウトが係合していることを示す、など)。別の実施形態では、LED又は視覚的指示の合図をカートリッジ自体に置くこととなる。カートリッジが所定の位置へとスナップ嵌めされると、カートリッジに電力を供給する接点が生じる。カートリッジが発射した場合、機械的ロックアウトがナイフの前進を停止させるだけでなく、カートリッジ回路がカートリッジ上のLEDを照らして、カートリッジがロックアウトしていることを顕微鏡モニター上で外科医に通知する。このことは、カートリッジ自体の中に小型の電池又は他の電荷蓄積部を置いて、主装置への電力接続の必要性を排除することによって、更に拡張され得る。また、カートリッジ回路は、装置が閉鎖される度にロックアウト光を照らして、使用済みのカートリッジが装置内にあることをユーザーに通知するように設定され得る。
動力付き関節動作及びカートリッジの色に関するフィードバックの指示:取り付けられたカートリッジのタイプ(色)及び関節の角度を指示することは、外科医に有用であると考えられる。関節角度の指示は、LEDの弧光などにおける数値的又は図形的な方式を含めて、いくつかの方式で指示され得る。この指示の位置は、便利な配置においてはハンドル上であってもよく、あるいはエンドエフェクタに対してわずかに近位側の装置のシャフト上であってもよい。エンドエフェクタのフィードバックは、受動的であっても能動的であってもよい。能動的である場合、更なるLEDが照らされて角度が示される。受動的である場合、照らされた半円を単に示してもよく、それにより、外科医は、エンドエフェクタがどの程度に関節角度をなしているかを直感的に知ることができる。本発明者らが外科手技を更に調査するにつれて、外科医の目は、器具のハンドルではなく手術部位に向けられる必要があることが更に明らかとなっている。また本発明者らは、装置からの完全な状態フィードバックを外科医が必要としていることを理解するようになった。関節角度は、関節接合の一部として照明され得る。ライト、LEDなどで種々の角度を示すか、あるいは小さなLCDで角度を示す。これにより、外科医は、直線から外れた角度に対するフィードバックを有することが可能となり、その結果、外科医は、取外し及び再挿入の後に、この角度に容易に戻ることができる。別の問題は、何色のカートリッジが装置内にあるかという「明白な」指示である。これは、エンドエフェクタ又はカートリッジのいずれかの上にある、色分けされたライトの配列によって達成され得る。また、どのカートリッジがジョー内にあるのかについての混乱が最小限となるように、この情報は、「冗長な」ディスプレイに表示するために再びハンドルに伝送され得る。別の改良点として、カートリッジの近位デッキに連結された小型の板バネ接点を挙げることができ、この板バネ接点は、最小限の組織圧力がジョー内に達成されたか否かを示すものである。デッキ上の不十分な組織の圧力が存在する場合には点灯しないので、この最小圧力は、少なくとも、厚い組織用のカートリッジが薄い組織の用途に使用されているか否かを示す。
電気エンドカッターの自動前進及び後退:ステープラの機能には、確立された順序で達成されなければならない複数の工程がある。閉鎖トリガーがクランプ締めされると、発射サイクルの作動が、次の必要な工程となる。作動の後、次いでシステムの後退が、それに続く次の工程となる。ユーザー以外の動力源(すなわち、電池又は空気圧)を含めると、ユーザーによって始動される工程を(したがって装置の複雑さを)システム自体で低減できることにより、これらの工程をシステム自体で達成することが可能となる。これらの工程が自動的に始動されるようにするために、内部スイッチ又は回路が追加され得る。次の課題は、自動的な作動をユーザーが直感的に遅延、減速、又は停止できるようにすることである。例えば、第11/344,035号などの触覚フィードバック装置における発射始動を可能にする同じ作動ボタンを使用すると、ユーザーが後退の間にそのボタンを押下することによって、自動復帰システムを減速又は停止させることができる。ボタンから圧力が除かれると、自動復帰が再開する。システムが発射するのにボタンを必要としない自動発射では、同じことが当てはまり、自動発射では、ユーザーが抑圧し得るナイフの動作と共に移動するように制御がもたらされ、ユーザーによるその抑圧は、展開を停止又は減速し得るが、システムが正しく稼働していることが分かる場合には不要となる。
動力付きエンドカッターに対する偶発的な作動の防止:装置の機能がユーザーの力によって制限されないようにする動力付きシステムを導入すると、発射サイクルが偶発的に始動されることが、より一般的な問題となる。ユーザーは器具が既に発射を開始していることに気付かないので、作動制御部に「ぶつかり」、器具を発射させ、それによってカートリッジのロックアウトを外すか、あるいは組織上でカ―トリッジを「詰まらせる」ことも、更に容易となる。この問題を排除するために、第2のロック解除始動スイッチ又はボタンを使用して、発射機構をロック解除することもできる。これは、動力鋸産業並びに軍隊において偶発的な作動を防止するために使用される2重スイッチシステムとほぼ同じものである。第2のスイッチは、発射トリガーのロックを解放するか、あるいは単純に制御部の電源に給電することができる。
電池パック再利用のための滅菌バリアとしての無菌装置/パッケージ内での非無菌電池の使用:非無菌電池パック(おそらく、プログラム可能なロジックが顧客の重要な要求となる場合、電池パックと一体の電子機器を有する)を導入するための方法が、おそらくは必要とされている。別々に滅菌された再利用可能な装置内に非無菌電池パックを挿入することに関し、整形外科用ドリルの業界には既に特許が存在している。この技術革新は、非無菌電池パックを挿入する際に使い捨ての装置無菌パッケージを利用して器具の無菌性を保護することによって、その構想を改善することを意図したものである。更なる改善点は、「ハッチ」ドアを含めたことであり、そのハッチドアは、器具の中に設計されたものであり、パックが挿入された後、装置が最終的な無菌パッケージから取り出される前に閉鎖可能である。このハッチは次いで、無菌の手術野を汚染し得る非無菌電池を「収容する」。その方法は、パッケージの更なる層を含めることであり、このパッケージの層は、追加層を破裂させ電池を通して、あるいは、完全に挿入されたときに、露出する電池のピン先端によって破裂されるように、電池の電極の組を押し進めて、電池を押し通すことができる穴あき領域を有する。これに代わる方法は、ガンの内部端子(電池保護用の空洞の奥深くにある)で無菌バリアを破裂させ、その内部端子を電池パック内のピンホールに着座させることである。ハッチは次いで、システムを封止する無菌パックによって閉鎖され得る。ガンは次いで、任意の無菌装置がそうであるように、無菌野に手渡され得る。
位置ロケータの実施形態/直線エンコーダ及びモーターパラメータの負荷制御:米国特許第6,646,307号及び同第6,716,223号には、回転及びそれに関連するトルクを測定してモーターパラメータを制御し、エンドエフェクタの形状及び負荷の同定に基づいてこれらのパラメータの最適化する機構が開示されている。米国特許公開第20070175958号には、図8〜13の全長にネジ山の付いた一次シャフトの使用により、このタイプの直線運動制御を使用してトリガー位置を制御する方法が示されている。同じタイプの方法が、電子式の直線制御方法に用いられ得る。エンドエフェクタは、少なくとも1つのバネ付勢プランジャを押し下げることによって、長さとタイプを機械的に識別することができ、それによって、モーターを稼働させることができるハンドルのタイプ及び長さを識別することができる。モーターの回転は、回転運動から直線的なラック又はケーブル運動へと変換されることができ、次いでこの運動は、制御スライドの所望の直線運動に変化をもたらすように、モーターの電圧、電流、及び速度を調節するために使用され得る。制御スライドは次いで、ナイフ駆動運動に直接結合され得る。この制御スライドは、プランジャ識別子が後退前の最大の「到達」直線変位として記す、離散的又は連続的な「停止」位置を有することができる。
モジュールへの直線駆動装置の再搭載の確認:手術用器具のある有用な特徴は、どのエンドエフェクタが器具に取り付けられているかを確認できることである。動力付きの手術用ステープラの場合、複数の異なるタイプのエンドエフェクタが取り付けられ得る。加えて、あるタイプのエンドエフェクタが、選択的に利用又は有効化される少なくとも1つの機能及び/又は特徴を有することがある。どのエンドエフェクタが取り付けられているかを識別するための手段が開示される。以下で述べるエンドエフェクタの「タイプ」は、機械的、空気圧的、又は油圧的に結合されたエンドエフェクタに限定されないことに留意されたい。その器具は、このエンドエフェクタを検出した結果として、種々の動作を行い、操作パラメータを調節し、利用可能な機能などを示すことができる。
エンドエフェクタは、器具に取り付けられたときになされる電気接続を有する。器具はエンドエフェクタと通信し、複数のタイプの信号のうちの少なくとも1つを読み取る。スイッチ位置又は接点位置は、どのタイプのエンドエフェクタが存在するかを示す。受動素子がインピーダンスに関して測定され、その結果により、どのタイプのエンドエフェクタが存在するかが示される。
エンドエフェクタは、器具への無線周波数リンクを有し、データは、エンドエフェクタと器具との間で少なくとも1つの方向に転送される。
エンドエフェクタは、器具との音響リンクを有し、データは、エンドエフェクタと器具との間で少なくとも1つの方向に転送される。
エンドエフェクタは、器具への光学リンクを有し、データは、エンドエフェクタと器具との間で少なくとも1つの方向に転送される。
エンドエフェクタは、そのエンドエフェクタを識別する器具の中の各要素(スイッチ又は接点など)を連動させる機械的リンクを有し、それにより、データは、エンドエフェクタと器具との間で少なくとも1つの方向に転送される。
動力付きエンドカッターのための能動的な調節可能なステープル高さ:組織の厚さ及び種類に合わせて調節可能なステープル高さが、長年にわたって追求されてきた。ごく最近では、第11/231,456号及び第11/540,735号が、装置内のより厚い組織によって誘発される負荷で器具の間隙を拡大させる柔軟結合部材又は支持体に関するものである。この「受動的な」可変のステープル高さにより、組織の厚さがより大きなステープルの形状を生じさせる。電源を器具の中に導入することで、これにより、電気を使用して、動的な結合要素の中の内部要素の高さを変化させることが可能となり、それにより、外科医又は器具所望の高さ設定することで、ステープルの高さ「能動的に」変化させる。この内部要素は、形状記憶材料であってもよく、電気によってその温度が変化し、したがって、事前に設定された形状により、その物理的高さを変化させることが可能となる。別の実用的な方法は、電場の導入により高さと幅を変化させる電気活性ポリマー(EAP)を含めることである。更に、第3の実施形態は、従来の線形電気ステッパー要素を利用することであり、その線形電気ステッパー要素は、高さを調節する連結梁の中に、小さな調節可能なネジ要素をラチェット係合させ得るものである。
〔実施の態様〕
(1) a.ハンドル、前記ハンドルに取り付けられた近位端部と前記ハンドルから延びる遠位端部とを有する細長いシャフト、エンドエフェクタであって、その近位端部にて旋回され、かつ開位置と閉位置との間で移動可能である一対のジョーを備える、エンドエフェクタ、及び、複数の外科手術用ファスナを収容するカートリッジであって、前記エンドエフェクタに取り付けられた、カートリッジと、
b.前記外科手術用ファスナを展開するための電動アクチュエータであって、電源とモーターとを備える、アクチュエータと、
c.前記エンドエフェクタが前記閉位置にあるときに、前記ジョー間の間隔の大きさを電気的に調節するための手段と、を備える、手術用ファスナ装置。

Claims (3)

  1. a.ハンドル、前記ハンドルに取り付けられた近位端部と前記ハンドルから延びる遠位端部とを有する細長いシャフト、エンドエフェクタであって、その近位端部にて旋回され、かつ開位置と閉位置との間で移動可能である一対のジョーを備える、エンドエフェクタ、及び、複数の外科手術用ファスナを収容するカートリッジであって、前記エンドエフェクタに取り付けられた、カートリッジと、
    b.前記エンドエフェクタ内の切断器具を展開するための電動アクチュエータであって、電源とモーターとを備える、アクチュエータと、
    c.前記エンドエフェクタが前記閉位置にあるときの、前記ジョー間の間隔の大きさを電気的かつ能動的に調節するための手段であって、電気を使用して前記ジョーを動的に結合する要素の中の内部要素の高さを変化させることが可能である、手段と、を備える、手術用ファスナ装置。
  2. 前記内部要素は、形状記憶材料、または電気活性ポリマーを含む、請求項1に記載の手術用ファスナ装置。
  3. 前記手段は、線形電気ステッパー要素を利用して前記内部要素の高さを変化させる、請求項1に記載の手術用ファスナ装置。
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