JP5746630B2 - 置換スルホンアミドフェノキシベンズアミド - Google Patents
置換スルホンアミドフェノキシベンズアミド Download PDFInfo
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- JP5746630B2 JP5746630B2 JP2011535031A JP2011535031A JP5746630B2 JP 5746630 B2 JP5746630 B2 JP 5746630B2 JP 2011535031 A JP2011535031 A JP 2011535031A JP 2011535031 A JP2011535031 A JP 2011535031A JP 5746630 B2 JP5746630 B2 JP 5746630B2
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- C07C311/01—Sulfonamides having sulfur atoms of sulfonamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07C311/02—Sulfonamides having sulfur atoms of sulfonamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of an acyclic saturated carbon skeleton
- C07C311/08—Sulfonamides having sulfur atoms of sulfonamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of an acyclic saturated carbon skeleton having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the sulfonamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
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Landscapes
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- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Pyridine Compounds (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
Description
本発明は、本明細書中に記載されそして規定されるとおりの一般式(I)の置換スルホンアミドフェノキシベンズアミド化合物、前記化合物を製造する方法、前記化合物を含む医薬組成物及び組み合わせ物、ならびに、疾患、特に、過剰増殖及び/又は血管新生性疾患の治療又は予防のための、単独薬剤又は他の活性成分との組み合わせでの医薬組成物の製造のための前記化合物の使用に関する。
癌は組織の異常増殖から生じる疾患である。特定の癌は局所組織に侵入し、そして、また、距離を置いた器官に転移する可能性を有する。この疾患は幅広い範囲の異種の器官、組織及び細胞タイプにおいて発生することができる。それゆえ、用語「癌」は1000種を超える異なる疾患の集合体を指す。
R2は水素、ハロゲン又はアルキルであり;
ここで、R1及びR2のうちの少なくとも1つはハロゲンであり;
R3は水素又はアルキルであり;
R4はハロゲン及びシアノを含む群、好ましくはそれらからなる群より選ばれ;
R5はC2-C6アルキルであり;
R6は水素、ハロゲン、シアノ、アルコキシ、アミノ、アルキルアミノ、ジアルキルアミノを含む群、好ましくはそれらからなる群より選ばれ;
R7及びR8は、互いに独立に、水素、ハロゲン又はアルキルであり;
Aはアリール及びヘテロアリールを含む群、好ましくはそれらからなる群より選ばれ;
nは0〜2の整数である)に関する。
R1はハロゲンであり;
R2はハロゲンであり;
R3は水素であり;
R4はハロゲン及びシアノを含む群、好ましくはそれらからなる群より選ばれ;
R5はC2-C6アルキルであり;
R6は水素、ハロゲン、シアノ、アルコキシ、アミノ、アルキルアミノ、ジアルキルアミノを含む群、好ましくはそれらからなる群より選ばれ;
R7及びR8は、互いに独立に、水素又はハロゲンであり;
Aはアリール及びヘテロアリールを含む群、好ましくはそれらからなる群より選ばれ;
nは0〜1の整数である化合物に関する。
R1はハロゲンであり;
R2はハロゲンであり;
R3は水素であり;
R4はハロゲンであり;
R5はC2-C6アルキルであり;
R6は水素であり;
R7及びR8は水素であり;
Aはフェニル又はピリジルであり;
nは0〜1の整数である化合物に関する。
用語「アルコキシ」は、分子の残部に対して酸素結合により結合された、本明細書中に規定されるとおりのアルキル基を意味する。これらの基の代表的な例はメトキシ及びエトキシである。
本発明は、また、本発明の1種以上の化合物を含む医薬組成物に関する。これらの組成物は、それを必要とする患者に投与することにより所望の薬理的効果を達成するために使用できる。本発明の目的のための患者は特定の症状又は疾患のための治療を必要とするヒトを含む哺乳動物である。それゆえ、本発明は、医薬上許容されうるキャリア、及び、医薬上有効な量の本発明の化合物又はその塩を含む、医薬組成物を含む。医薬上許容可能なキャリアは、好ましくは、活性成分の有効活性となる濃度で患者に対して比較的に無毒性でかつ無害であり、それにより、キャリアを帰因とするいかなる副作用も活性成分の有利な効果の価値を低下させることがないキャリアである。医薬上有効な量の化合物は、好ましくは、治療される特定の症状に結果をもたらし又は影響を及ぼす量である。本発明の化合物は、即時解放性、徐放性及び遅延解放性製剤を含む任意の慣用の投薬単位の形態を用いて当該技術分野においてよく知られた医薬上許容されうるキャリアとともに、たとえば、経口的、非経口的、局所的、経鼻的、眼科的、光学的、舌下、経直腸的、経膣的に投与されうる。
酸性化剤(たとえば、酢酸、クエン酸、フマル酸、塩酸、硝酸が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない);
アルカリ化剤(たとえば、アンモニア溶液、炭酸アンモニウム、ジエタノールアミン、モノエタノールアミン、水酸化カリウム、ホウ酸ナトリウム、炭酸ナトリウム、水酸化ナトリウム、トリエタノールアミン、トロールアミン(trolamine)が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない);
吸着剤(たとえば、粉末セルロース及び活性炭が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない);
エアゾール噴射剤(たとえば、二酸化炭素、CCl2F2、F2ClC - CClF2及びCClF3が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない);
空気置換剤(たとえば、窒素及びアルゴンが挙げられるが、これらに限定されない);
抗真菌防腐剤(たとえば、安息香酸、ブチルパラベン、エチルパラベン、メチルパラベン、プロピルパラベン、安息香酸ナトリウムが挙げられるが、これらに限定されない);
抗微生物防腐剤(たとえば、塩化ベンザルコニウム、塩化ベンゼトニウム、ベンジルアルコール、塩化セチルピリジニウム、クロロブタノール、フェノール、フェニルエチルアルコール、硝酸フェニル水銀及びチメロサールが挙げられるが、これらに限定されない);
結合材料(たとえば、ブロックポリマー、天然及び合成ゴム、ポリアクリレート、ポリウレタン、シリコーン、ポリシロキサン及びスチレンブタジエンコポリマーが挙げられるが、これらに限定されない);
緩衝剤(たとえば、メタリン酸カリウム、リン酸二カリウム、酢酸ナトリウム、無水クエン酸ナトリウム及びクエン酸ナトリウム二水和物が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない);
キャリア剤(たとえば、アラビアゴムシロップ、芳香族シロップ、芳香族エリキシル剤、サクラシロップ、ココアシロップ、オレンジシロップ、シロップ、トウモロコシ油、鉱油、ピーナッツ油、ゴマ油、静菌的塩化ナトリウム注射剤及び注射用静菌水が挙げられるが、これにに限定されない);
キレート剤(たとえば、エデト酸二ナトリウム及びエデト酸が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない);
清澄剤(たとえば、ベントナイトが挙げられるが、これに限定されない);
乳化剤(たとえば、アラビアゴム、セトマクロゴール、セチルアルコール、モノステアリン酸グリセリル、レシチン、ソルビタンモノオレエート、ポリオキシエチレン50モノステアレートが挙げられるが、これらに限定されない);
カプセル化剤(たとえば、ゼラチン及び酢酸フタル酸セルロースが挙げられるが、これらに限定されない)
香料(たとえば、アニス油、シナモン油、ココア、メントール、オレンジ油、ペパーミント油及びバニリンが挙げられるが、これらに限定されない);
保湿剤(たとえば、グリセロール、プロピレングリコール及びソルビトールが挙げられるが、これらに限定されない);
研和剤(たとえば、鉱油及びグリセリンが挙げられるが、これらに限定されない);
油(たとえば、落花生油、鉱油、オリーブ油、ピーナッツ油、ゴマ油及び植物油が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない);
浸透増強剤(経皮送達)(たとえば、モノヒドロキシ又はポリヒドロキシアルコール、一価又は多価アルコール、飽和又は不飽和脂肪族アルコール、飽和又は不飽和脂肪酸エステル、飽和又は不飽和ジカルボン酸、エッセンシャルオイル、ホスファチジル誘導体、セファリン、テルペン、アミド、エーテル、ケトン及び尿素が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない);
可塑剤(たとえば、フタル酸ジエチル及びグリセロールが挙げられるが、これらに限定されない);
溶剤(たとえば、エタノール、トウモロコシ油、綿実油、グリセロール、イソプロパノール、鉱油、オレイン酸、ピーナッツ油、精製水、注射用の水、注射用の無菌水、及び、洗浄用の無菌水が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない);
硬化剤(たとえば、セチルアルコール、セチルエステルワックス、微結晶ワックス、パラフィン、ステアリルアルコール、ホワイトワックス及びイエローワックスが挙げられるが、これらに限定されない);
坐剤基剤(たとえば、ココアバター及びポリエチレングリコール(混合物)が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない);
界面活性剤(たとえば、塩化ベンザルコニウム、ノンオキシノール10、オキストキシノール(oxtoxynol) 9、ポリソルベート80、ラウリル硫酸ナトリウム及びソルビタンモノパルミテートが挙げられるが、これらに限定されない);
懸濁剤(たとえば、寒天、ベントナイト、カルボマー、カルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウム、ヒドロキシエチルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース、カオリン、メチルセルロース、トラガント及びビーガム(veegum)が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない);
錠剤抗付着剤(たとえば、ステアリン酸マグネシウム及びタルクが挙げられるがこれらに限定されない);
錠剤結合剤(たとえば、アラビアゴム、アルギン酸、カルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウム、圧縮可能糖(compressible sugar)、エチルセルロース、ゼラチン、液体グルコース、メチルセルロース、非架橋ポリビニルピロリドン及びプレゼラチン化デンプンが挙げられるが、これらに限定されない);
錠剤及びカプセル剤希釈剤(たとえば、第二リン酸カルシウム、カオリン、ラクトース、マンニトール、微結晶性セルロース、粉末セルロース、沈降炭酸カルシウム、炭酸ナトリウム、リン酸ナトリウム、ソルビトール及びデンプンが挙げられるが、これらに限定されない、);
錠剤コーティング剤(たとえば、液体グルコース、ヒドロキシエチルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース、メチルセルロース、エチルセルロース、酢酸フタル酸セルロース及びシェラックが挙げられるが、これらに限定されない);
錠剤直接圧縮賦形剤(たとえば、第二リン酸カルシウムが挙げられるが、これに限定されない);
錠剤崩壊剤(たとえば、アルギン酸、カルボキシメチルセルロースカルシウム、微結晶性セルロース、ポラクリリン(polacrillin)カリウム、架橋ポリビニルピロリドン、アルギン酸ナトリウム、デンプングリコール酸エステルナトリウム及びデンプンが挙げられるが、これらに限定されない);
錠剤潤滑剤(たとえば、ステアリン酸カルシウム、ステアリン酸マグネシウム、鉱油、ステアリン酸及びステアリン酸亜鉛が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない);
錠剤/カプセル剤不透明剤(たとえば、二酸化チタンが挙げられるが、これに限定されない);
錠剤研磨剤(たとえば、カルナウバワックス及びホワイトワックスが挙げられるが、これらに限定されない);
増粘剤(たとえば、蜜蝋、セチルアルコール及びパラフィンが挙げられるが、これらに限定されない);
等張化剤(たとえば、デキストロース及び塩化ナトリウムが挙げられるが、これらに限定されない);
粘度増加剤(たとえば、アルギン酸、ベントナイト、カルボマー、カルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウム、メチルセルロース、ポリビニルピロリドン、アルギン酸ナトリウム及びトラガントが挙げられるが、これらに限定されない)、及び、
湿潤剤(たとえば、ヘプタデカエチレンオキシセタノール、レシチン、ソルビトールモノオレエート、ポリオキシエチレンソルビトールモノオレエート及びポリオキシエチレンステアレートが挙げられるが、これらに限定されない)。
無菌IV 溶液:本発明の所望の化合物の5 mg/mL溶液は、無菌の注入可能な水を用いて製造でき、そしてpHは必要ならば調節される。この溶液を、無菌5%デキストロースにより、投与のために1〜2 mg/mLに希釈し、そして約60分にわたってIV注入液として投与する。
50 mg/mL の本発明の所望の水不溶性化合物
5 mg/mLのカルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウム
4 mg/mLの TWEEN 80
9 mg/mLの塩化ナトリウム
9 mg/mLのベンジルアルコール
本発明は、哺乳類の過剰増殖性疾患を治療するための本発明の化合物及びその組成物の使用方法に関する。細胞増殖及び/又は細胞分裂を抑制し、阻害し、低減し、減少させるなどし、及び/又はアポトーシスを生じさせるように化合物を使用することができる。本方法は、疾患を治療するために有効な量の本発明の化合物、又は、その医薬上許容されうる塩、異性体、多形、代謝物、水和物、溶媒和物又はエステルなどを、本方法を必要としているヒトを含む哺乳類に対して投与することを含む。過剰増殖疾患としては、限定するわけではないが、たとえば、乾癬、ケロイド及び皮膚に影響を及ぼす他の過形成、良性前立腺肥大(BPH)、充実性腫瘍、たとえば、乳癌、気道癌、脳癌、 生殖器癌、消化管癌、尿路癌、眼癌、肝臓癌、皮膚癌、頭頚部癌、甲状腺癌、副甲状腺癌及びそれらの遠隔転移が挙げられる。疾患としては、また、リンパ腫、肉腫及び白血病が挙げられる。
本発明は、また、異常マイトゲン細胞外キナーゼ活性に関連する疾患の治療方法を提供し、その疾患としては、限定するわけではないが、脳卒中、心不全、肝腫大、心肥大、糖尿病、アルツハイマー病、嚢胞性線維症、異種移植拒絶反応症状、敗血症性ショック又は喘息が挙げられる。
本発明は、過剰及び/又は異常血管新生に関連する疾患及び疾病を治療する方法をも提供する。
過剰増殖性疾患及び血管新生性疾患の治療に有用な化合物を評価するのに知られている標準的な実験手法に基づいて、標準的毒性試験によって、哺乳類における上記の症状の治療の決定のための標準的な薬理学的アッセイによって、そして、これらの結果を、これらの症状を治療するために使用される既知の医薬の結果と比較することによって、本発明の化合物の有効投与量は、各所望の適用症の治療のために容易に決定されうる。これらの症状のうちの1つの症状の治療において投与される活性成分の量は、使用される特定の化合物及び投薬単位、投与形態、治療期間、治療される患者の年齢及び性別、治療される症状の性質及び程度などの考慮点により広く変化することができる。
本発明の化合物は、単独の医薬として、又は併用が許容できない有害効果を生じない1種以上の他の医薬との併用で、投与されうる。たとえば、本発明の化合物は、既知の抗過剰増殖又は他の適用症の薬剤などと組み合わせることができ、また、それらの混合物及び組み合わせ物などと組み合わせることができる。他の適用症の薬剤としては、限定するわけではないが、抗血管新生剤、有糸分裂阻害剤、アルキル化剤、抗代謝産物、DNAインターカレート抗生物質、増殖因子阻害剤、細胞周期阻害剤、酵素阻害剤、トポシソメラーゼ(toposisomerase)阻害剤、生物学的応答調節剤又は抗ホルモンが挙げられる。
(1)いずれかの薬剤の単独の投与と比較して、腫瘍の増殖を抑制する効率を良好にし又は更には腫瘍を無くす。
(2)化学療法剤をより少量の投与量で投与する。
(3)単剤化学療法及び特定の他の組み合わせ療法で観測されるよりも少ない有害な薬理学的合併症を伴う、患者に十分に許容される化学療法を提供する。
(4)哺乳類、特にヒトにおける広い範囲の異なる癌の治療法を提供する。
(5)治療された患者により高い応答率を提供する。
(6)標準的な化学療法と比較して、治療された患者により長い生存期間を提供する。
(7)腫瘍が進行するのに、より長い時間を提供する。及び/又は、
(8)他の抗がん剤組み合わせ物が拮抗作用を生じさせる既知の例と比較して、単独で使用される薬剤と少なくとも同等に良好な効力及び認容性の結果を生じる。
本発明の1つの明確な実施形態において、本発明の化合物は放射線に対して細胞を増感させるために使用できる。すなわち、細胞を放射線治療の前の本発明の化合物による細胞の治療により、細胞が本発明の化合物による治療を受けない場合よりも、DNAダメージ及び細胞死を受けやすくなる。1つの態様において、細胞は本発明の少なくとも1種の化合物により治療される。
一般調製方法
本発明のこの実施形態において使用される化合物の調製で使用される特定の方法は所望の特定の化合物に依存する。特定の置換の選択などのファクターは本発明の特定の化合物の調製でたどる経路に役割を果たす。これらのファクターは当業者によって容易に認識される。
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C. Hansch; P.G. Sammes; J.B. Taylor, Eds. Comprehensive Medicinal Chemistry: Pergamon Press: Oxford, UK (1990)
以下のスキームは本発明の一般式(I)の化合物の一般合成経路を例示し、限定することを意図しない。以下のパラグラフに一般に記載される転化反応は試薬の反応性及びそれぞれの溶解度特性などによって、異なる反応温度で異なる溶剤中で行うことができることを理解する必要がある。より詳細には、特定の転化反応は適切な沸点の溶剤中で加熱する必要があることがある。特定の場合には、反応混合物の加熱はマイクロ波炉を用いて行うことができる。特定の場合には、塩基、相間移動触媒又はイオン性液体などの添加剤を用いて反応条件を変更し、反応転化率又は加熱特性を改良することができる。スキーム1〜4に例示される転化反応の順序は様々な様式で変更されうることは当業者に明らかである。スキーム1〜4に例示される転化反応の順序は、それゆえ、限定することが意図されない。更に、置換基、たとえば、残基R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7又はR8の相互転化は例示の転化反応の前及び/又は後に行われてよい。これらの変更は、たとえば、保護基の導入、保護基の開裂、官能基の還元又は酸化、ハロゲン化、金属化、置換又は当業者に知られた他の反応でありうる。これらの転化反応としては、置換基の更なる相互転化を可能にする官能性を導入するものが挙げられる。適切な保護基及びその導入及び開裂は当業者によく知られている(たとえば、T.W. Greene 及びP.G.M. Wuts in Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, 3rd edition, Wiley 1999を参照されたい)。下記に記載される幾つかの転化反応により、たとえば、スキーム1及び2に例示される転化反応により、位置異性体の混合物を生じることができる。これらの位置異性体の分離は、たとえば、カラムクロマトグラフィー、結晶化又は分取HPLCを含む種々の方法によって行える。
一般式(I)の化合物の調製のための一般手順(R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, n及びAは本発明の明細書及び特許請求の範囲に規定されるとおりであり、Pgは続くパラグラフで記載されるとおりの適切な保護基であり、たとえば、tert-ブトキシカルボニル基である)
式1の2,6-ジフルオロベンゾニトリルを式2のアニリンと、適切な塩基、たとえば、カリウムtert-ブトキシド又はリチウムヘキサメチルジシラジド(LiHMDS)の存在下に反応させ、式3のアミンを形成する。このアミンを、その後、適切な塩基の存在下にBoc2Oと反応させることにより、そのtert-ブトキシカルボニル (Boc) 誘導体4に転化させる。又は、他の適切な保護基はベンジルオキシカルボニル基又はその誘導体である。適切な保護基試薬及びその導入は当業者によく知られている(たとえば、T.W. Greene及びP.G.M. Wuts in Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, 3rd edition, Wiley 1999を参照されたい)。次に、中間体4を式5のアルコール(保護基Pgによりかかる転化反応に関して場合により適切に保護されているアミン官能基を含む)と、適切な塩基、たとえば、炭酸セシウム、水素化ナトリウム又はカリウムtert-ブトキシドの存在下に反応させ、式6のエーテルを形成させる。式5の化合物中のアミン基のための適切な保護基 (Pg)は、たとえば、tert-ブトキシカルボニル (Boc)、ベンジルオキシカルボニル、アセチル又はピバロイルである。式5の化合物中のアミン基は、又は、フタルイミドの形態又は適切なイミンの形態で保護されてもよい。又は、このアミン基は保護されていなくても又は置換反応のためのニトロ基で置換れていてもよい。そのニトロ基は、次いで、標準ニトロ還元条件下、たとえば、適切な遷移金属触媒の存在下における水素化又は還元剤、たとえば、SnCl2, TiCl3 又はFeとの反応でアミンへと還元されうる。
一般式(I)の化合物の調製のための更なる一般手順(R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, n及びAは本発明の明細書及び特許請求の範囲に規定されるとおりであり、Pgは続くパラグラフで記載されるとおりの適切な保護基であり、たとえば、tert-ブトキシカルボニル基である)
一般式(I)の化合物の調製のための更なる一般手順(R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R7, R8, R9, A及びnは本発明の明細書及び特許請求の範囲に規定されるとおりであり、Pgは続くパラグラフで記載されるとおりの適切な保護基であり、たとえば、tert-ブトキシカルボニル基である)
一般式(Ib)の化合物の調製のための更なる一般手順(R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, n及びAは本発明の明細書及び特許請求の範囲に規定されるとおりである)
略語及び アクロニム
有機化学の当業者によって使用される略語の総括的なリストはThe ACS Style Guide (第3版)又はthe Guidelines for Authors for the Journal of Organic Chemistryに表される。上記のリストに含まれる略語、及び、有機化学の当業者により使用されるすべての略語を参照により取り込む。本発明の目的では、化学元素は元素の周期律表(Periodic Table of the Elements), CAS version, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 67th Ed., 1986-87にしたがって特定される。
Ac2O 無水酢酸
ACN アセトニトリル
AcO (又はOAc) アセテート
anhyd 無水
aq 水性
Ar アリール
atm 大気
ATP アデノシン三リン酸
b.i.d. 1日2回
Biotage シリカゲルクロマトグラフィー装置, Biotage Inc.
Bn ベンジル
bp 沸点
Bz ベンゾイル
BOC tert-ブトキシカルボニル
n-BuOH n-ブタノール
t-BuOH tert-ブタノール
t-BuOK カリウムtert-ブトキシド
calcd 計算値
Cbz カルボベンジルオキシ
CDI カルボニルジイミダゾール
CD3OD メタノール-d4
Celite(登録商標) 珪藻土フィルター剤, Celite Corp.
CI-MS 化学イオン化マススペクトロスコピー
13C NMR 炭素-13 核磁気共鳴
conc 濃
DCC ジシクロヘキシルカルボジイミド
DCE ジクロロエタン
DCM ジクロロメタン
dec 分解
DIBAL ジイソブチルアルミニウムヒドロキシド
DMAP 4-(N,N-ジメチルアミノ)ピリジン
DME 1,2-ジメトキシエタン
DMF N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド
DMSO ジメチルスルホキシド
DTT ジチオトレイトール
E E(entgegen) (配置)
e.g. たとえば
EI 電子衝撃法
ELSD 蒸発光散乱検出器
eq 当量
ERK 細胞外シグナル制御キナーゼ
ESI エレクトロスプレイイオン化
ES-MS エレクトロスプレイマススペクトロスコピー
et al. 及びその他
EtOAc 酢酸エチル
EtOH エタノール (100%)
EtSH エタンチオール
Et2O ジエチルエーテル
Et3N トリエチルアミン
GC ガスクロマトグラフィー
GC-MS ガスクロマトグラフィー-マススペクトロスコピー
h 時
1H NMR プロトン核磁気共鳴
HCl 塩酸
HEPES 4-(2-ヒドロキシエチル)-1-ピペラジンエタンスルホン酸
Hex ヘキサン
HMPA ヘキサメチルホスホルアミド
HMPT ヘキサメチルリン酸トリアミド
HPLC 高性能液体クロマトグラフィー
IC50 50%阻害に要求される薬剤濃度
i.e. すなわち
insol 不溶性
IPA イソプロピルアミン
IR 赤外線
J 結合定数(NMRスペクトロスコピー)
LAH 水素化アルミニウムリチウム
LC 液体クロマトグラフィー
LC-MS 液体クロマトグラフィー-マススペクトロスコピー
LDA リチウムジイソプロピルアミド
MAPK マイトジェン活性化プロテインキナーゼ
MeCN アセトニトリル
MEK MAPK/ERK キナーゼ
MHz メガヘルツ
min 分
μL マイクロリットル
mL ミリリットル
μM マイクロモル
mp 融点
MS マススペクトル、マススペクトル分析
Ms メタンスルホニル
m/z 質量電荷比
NBS N-ブロモスクシンイミド
nM ナノモル
NMM 4-メチルモルホリン
obsd 観測
p 頁
PBS リン酸緩衝塩類溶液
pp 頁
PdCl2dppf [1,1’-ビス(ジフェニルホスフィノ)フェロセン]ジクロロパラジウム(II)
Pd(OAc)2 酢酸パラジウム
pH 水素イオン濃度の負の対数
pK 平衡定数の負の対数
pKa 結合に関する平衡定数の負の対数
PS-DIEA ポリスチレン-結合ジイソプロピルエチルアミン
q 四重項(nmr)
qt 五重項(nmr)
Rf 保持因子(TLC)
RT 保持時間(HPLC)
rt 室温
TBAF テトラ-n-ブチルアンモニウムフルオリド
TBST Tween含有トリス緩衝塩類溶液
TEA トリエチルアミン
THF テトラヒドロフラン
TFA トリフルオロ酢酸
TFFH フルオロ-N,N,N’,N’-テトラメチルホルムアミジニウムヘキサフルオロホスフェート
TLC 薄層クロマトグラフィー
TMAD N,N,N’,N’-テトラメチルエチレンジアミン
TMSCl トリメチルシリルクロリド
Ts p-トルエンスルホニル
v/v 体積/体積
w/v 質量/体積
w/w 質量/質量
Z Z(zusammen) (配置)
次のパラグラフにおいて、本発明の重要な中間体及び化合物の合成のための詳細な一般手順を記載する。
一般手順1 (GP 1): C2側鎖の導入
1当量の2-フルオロフェニル基質及び1.5当量の2,4-二置換ベンゼンアミンを乾燥THF中に溶解させた。-60°Cに冷却した際に、2〜3当量のカリウムtert-ブトキシドを添加し、そして混合物をこの温度で30分間攪拌した。混合物を室温に温め、そして出発材料の完全な消費まで攪拌した。その後、混合物を濃縮し、未精製生成物を提供した。場合により、その生成物をフラッシュカラムクロマトグラフィー、研和又は分取HPLC精製により更に精製した。
ジフェニルアミン誘導体(1当量)をアルゴン下にTHF中に溶解させ、そしてDMAP (0.28当量)及びジ-tert-ブチルジカーボネート (1.56 当量)を添加した。混合物をTLC又はLCMS分析が最終のターンオーバーを示すまで室温において攪拌した。混合物を濃縮し、未精製の目標化合物を提供した。場合により、その化合物をフラッシュカラムクロマトグラフィー、研和又は分取HPLC精製により更に精製した。
それぞれの6-フルオロベンゼンをTHF中に溶解させ、そしてアルコールを添加した。混合物を水素化ナトリウム (2.01当量)で処理し、そして室温にて48時間攪拌した。反応混合物を氷水上に注ぎ、そして酢酸エチルで3回抽出した。合わせた有機層をブラインで1回洗浄し、硫酸ナトリウム上で乾燥し、ろ過し、そして濃縮しして未精製生成物を提供した。場合により、その生成物をフラッシュカラムクロマトグラフィー、研和又は分取HPLC精製により更に精製した。
それぞれの6-フルオロベンゼンをDMF 中に溶解させ、そして炭酸セシウム(1〜4当量)を添加し、そして混合物を室温にて30分間攪拌した。その後、アルコールをDMF中に添加した。混合物をシールされた圧力チューブ中で2〜48時間攪拌した。抽出ワークアップを行い、有機層を合わせそして真空中で濃縮することにより未精製生成物を提供した。場合により、その生成物をフラッシュカラムクロマトグラフィー、研和又は分取HPLC精製により更に精製した。
それぞれの6-フルオロベンゼンをTHF中に溶解させ、KtOBu (1〜2 当量)を添加し、そして混合物を室温にて30分間攪拌した。その後、アルコールのDMF中の溶液を添加した。混合物を70°Cで1〜24時間攪拌した。混合物を半濃縮ブラインと酢酸エチルとの間で分割し、そして酢酸エチルで2回抽出した。合わせた有機層を硫酸ナトリウム上で乾燥し、ろ過しそして未精製生成物を提供した。場合により、その生成物をフラッシュカラムクロマトグラフィー、研和又は分取HPLC精製により更に精製した。
1当量のBoc-保護基質をジクロロメタン中で懸濁させ、そして過剰のTFA (5〜20 当量)で処理した。次に、出発材料の完全な消費まで混合物を室温で攪拌した。反応混合物を濃縮し、ジクロロメタン中で再溶解し、そして水酸化ナトリウム (1M, 水性)を添加した。相分離の後に、有機相を濃縮し、未精製生成物を提供した。場合により、その生成物をフラッシュカラムクロマトグラフィー、研和又は分取HPLC精製により更に精製した。
ベンゾニトリルをDMSO中に溶解させ、そして3 M 水酸化ナトリウム水溶液 (1.1 当量)を添加した。混合物を60〜65°C に加熱し、そして過酸化水素溶液(水性, 30%, 10〜80当量)をゆっくりと添加した。混合物を更に2時間、65°C (浴温)で攪拌し、その後、TLC又はLCMS分析が最終的なターンオーバーを示さなくなるまで室温で攪拌した。反応混合物を氷水上に注ぎ、そして酢酸エチルで3回抽出した。有機層をブラインで1回洗浄し、硫酸ナトリウム上で乾燥し、ろ過し、そして濃縮し、未精製生成物を提供した。場合により、その生成物をフラッシュカラムクロマトグラフィー、研和又は分取HPLC精製により更に精製した。
それぞれのアミン (1 当量)をTHF中に溶解させ、そしてトリエチルアミン(1.5当量)及びそれぞれのスルホニルクロリド(1.5当量)で処理した。反応混合物を室温で一晩攪拌し、酢酸エチルで希釈し、飽和NaHCO3溶液で洗浄し、乾燥しそして真空中で濃縮した。残留物をHPLC精製することで、所望の化合物を提供した。
それぞれのアミノ化合物(1 当量)をピリジン中に溶解させ、それぞれのスルホニルクロリド(1.2当量、ピリジン中に溶解)で処理した。反応混合物を室温で攪拌した。不完全なターンオーバーの場合には(TLC又はLCMS分析に基づいて)、混合物を更なるスルホニルクロリド(ピリジン中)で処理しそして室温での攪拌を続けた。最終的なターンオーバーの後に、混合物を酢酸エチルで希釈し、水で洗浄しそして有機層を乾燥させた。真空中での濃縮を行い、次いで、フラッシュカラムクロマトグラフィー又はHPLC精製を行い、目標化合物を提供した。
それぞれのヨードアニリン中間体 (1当量)、ビス [(1,2,4,5-η)-1,5-ジフェニル-1,4-ペンタジエン-3-オン]-パラジウム (0.004当量)、ヨウ化銅 (I) (0.004当量)及びトリフェニル-ホスフィン (0.2当量)を圧力チューブ中に計量投与し、そしてトリエチルアミンを添加した。N2で3回フラッシングしたときに、トリメチルシリルアセチレン (6当量)を添加し、圧力チューブをシールし、そして得られた懸濁液を60°Cで3時間、激しく攪拌した。混合物を濃縮し、ヘキサン/酢酸エチル1:1で再溶解させ、そしてNH2-カラム上でろ過した (ヘキサン/酢酸エチル50:50〜0:100から純粋メタノールまで)。ろ液を濃縮し、シリル化したエチニル化合物を提供した。その後、それを一般手順8に付して脱シリル化物となった。
それぞれのヨードアニリン中間体 (1当量)を、それぞれのアルキン (1.5 当量)とともにTHF中に溶解させ、次いで、ジクロロビス (トリフェニル-ホスフィン)-パラジウム(II) (Pd(PPh3)2Cl2) (0.5当量)及び1Mのテトラ-N-ブチルアンモニウムフルオリドのTHF 中の溶液(5当量)を溶解させた。その後、混合物をマイクロ波炉(600W; 最大 6 bar)中で40分間110 °Cで反応させた。未精製反応混合物を直接的に分取HPLC に付し、純粋な目標化合物を得た。
それぞれの(トリメチルシリル)アルキンのTHF(約10 mL/g アルキン)中の溶液に、テトラ-N-ブチルアンモニウムフルオリドのTHF中の1M溶液 (1当量)を添加し、反応が完了するまで(通常、約3時間後)、得られた混合物を室温にて攪拌する。生成物を水による希釈により分離し、たとえば、酢酸エチルにより抽出し、そしてカラムクロマトグラフィーにより精製する(必要ならば)。
装置: Waters ZQ 2000 シングルクアッドMSディテクタ(single quad MS detector)を装備した分析用Waters UPLC システム(Acquity)
カラム: Aquity BEH C18 2.1 x 50 1.7μm
条件: 温度60°C; 検知波長214 nm; 流速0.8 ml/min;
溶離液A: 0.1% ギ酸(水中), B: 0.1% ギ酸(ACN中); Bを基準とした各場合の勾配: 1%〜99% (1.6’)〜99% (0.4’)〜1% (0.1’)
1H-NMR (d6-DMSO; 300 MHz): 9.57 (s, 1 H); 7.39 - 7.28 (m, 4 H); 6.80 (ddd, 1 H); 6.62 (ddd, 1 H); 1.43 (s, 9H)
MS (ESI): [M+H]+ = 347
1H-NMR (d6-DMSO; 300 MHz): 9.54 (s, 1 H); 8.77 (s, 1 H); 7.69 (dd, 1 H); 7.53 (dbr, 1 H); 7.34 - 7.24 (m, 3 H); 7.11 (dd, 1 H); 6.75 (ddd, 1 H); 6.21 (ddd, 1 H); 6.07 (dd, 1 H); 1.43 (s, 9H)
MS (ESI): [M+H]+ = 564
1H-NMR (d6-DMSO; 300 MHz): 9.46 (s, 1 H); 9.12 (s, 1 H); 7.83 (sbr, 2 H); 7.66 (dd, 1 H); 7.47 (dbr, 1 H); 7.30 - 7.17 (m, 4 H); 6.65 (ddd, 1 H); 6.54 (dbr, 1 H); 6.06(dd, 1 H); 1.42 (s, 9H)
MS (ESI): [M+H]+ = 582
1H-NMR (d6-DMSO; 300 MHz): 9.23 (s, 1 H); 7.84 (sbr, 1 H); 7.77 (sbr, 1 H); 7.66 (dd, 1 H); 7.47 (dbr, 1 H); 7.21 (dd, 1 H); 7.04 (dd, 1 H); 6.53 (dbr, 1 H); 6.42 (dbr, 1 H); 6.31 -6.26 (m, 2 H); 6.07(dd, 1 H)
MS (ESI): [M+H]+ = 482
1H-NMR (d6-DMSO; 300 MHz): 9.02 (s, 1 H); 7.75 (dd, 1 H); 7.58 (dd, 1 H); 7.14 (t, 1 H); 6.95 (td, 1 H); 6.40 (br. d, 1 H)
MS (ESI): [M+H]+ = 375
1H-NMR (d6-DMSO; 300 MHz): 7.77 (br. d, 1 H); 7.56 - 7.66 (m, 2 H); 7.25 (br. d, 1 H); 7.17 (t, 1 H); 1.36 (s, 9 H)
MS (ESI): [M+H]+ = 475
[3-(3-tert-ブトキシカルボニルアミノ-フェノキシ)-2-シアノ-5-フルオロ-フェニル]-(2-フルオロ-4-ヨード-フェニル)-カルバミン酸 tert-ブチルエステルの調製
MS (LC-MS): [M+H]+ = 664
2-(3-アミノ-フェノキシ)-4-フルオロ-6-(2-フルオロ-4-ヨード-フェニルアミノ)-ベンゾニトリル及び2-(3-アミノ-フェノキシ)-4-フルオロ-6-(2-フルオロ-4-ヨード-フェニルアミノ)-ベンズアミドの調製
MS (LC-MS) [M+H]+ = 482
1H-NMR (d6-DMSO; 300 MHz): 9.92 (s, 1 H); 9.03 (s, 1 H); 7.87 (br. s, 1 H); 7.83 (br. s, 1 H); 7.66 (dd, 1 H); 7.47 (br. d, 1 H); 7.31 (t, 1 H); 7.20 (t, 1 H); 6.98 (d, 1 H); 6.94 (t, 1 H); 6.74 (ddd, 1 H); 6.57 (ddd, 1 H); 6.15 (dd, 1 H); 3.10 (q, 2 H); 1.15 (t, 3 H)
MS (LC-MS): [M+H]+ = 574
1H-NMR (d6-DMSO; 300 MHz): 9.02 (s, 1 H); 7.88 (br. s, 1 H); 7.84 (br. s, 1 H); 7.65 (dd, 1 H); 7.47 (br. d, 1 H); 7.30 (t, 1 H); 7.21 (t, 1 H); 6.99 (d, 1 H); 6.96 (t, 1 H); 6.73 (ddd, 1 H); 6.57 (ddd, 1 H); 6.13 (dd, 1 H); 3.26 (pent., 1 H); 1.20 (t, 3 H)
MS (LC-MS): [M+H]+ = 588
1H-NMR (d6-DMSO; 300 MHz): 8.87 (s, 1 H); 8.21 (s, 1 H); 8.07 (s, 1 H); 7.96 (s, 1 H); 7.85 (s, 1 H); 7.66 (dd, 1 H); 7.47 (d, 1 H); 7.34 (s, 1 H); 7.20 (t, 1 H); 6.59 (d, 1 H); 6.29 (d, 1 H); 1.21 (d, 6 H) [イソプロピルCHは溶剤シグナルにより不明瞭]
MS (LC-MS): [M+H]+ = 589
1H-NMR (d6-DMSO; 400 MHz): 9.85 (br. s, 1 H); 9.57 (s, 1 H); 7.72 (br. s, 2 H); 7.64 (dd, 1 H); 7.45 (d, 1 H); 7.31 (t, 1 H); 7.26 (s, 1 H); 7.12 - 7.20 (m, 3 H); 6.56 (dd, 1 H); 6.42 (dd, 1 H); 5.13 (s, 2 H); 3.05 (q, 2 H); 1.14 (t, 3 H)
MS (LC-MS): [M+H]+ = 588
本発明の化合物の有用性を、たとえば、下記のインビトロ腫瘍細胞増殖アッセイにおけるインビトロ活性によって例示することができる。インビトロ腫瘍細胞増殖アッセイでの活性と臨床設定での抗腫瘍活性との関係は非常によく確立されている。たとえば、タキソール (Silvestriniら Stem Cells 1993, 11(6), 528-35)、タキソテール(BisseryらAnti Cancer Drugs 1995, 6(3), 339)及びトポイソメラーゼ阻害剤(Edelmanら Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. 1996, 37(5), 385-93)の治療有用性はインビトロ腫瘍増殖アッセイの使用により示された。
アッセイ1
MEK1活性化キナーゼ活性
キナーゼCot1は活性化ループをリン酸化することによりMEK1を活性化させる。MEK1の活性化に対する本発明の化合物の阻害活性を、以下のパラグラフで記載するHTRF アッセイを用いて定量化した。
ホスホ-ERK 機構的アッセイ
A375及びColo205細胞を、96-ウェル組織培養プレート中、10% FBSを補給したRPMI 1640増殖培地に25,000細胞/ウェルで播いた。5% CO2を含む湿潤化されたインキュベータ中で細胞を37oCにて一晩インキュベートした。次の日に、アッセイプレートを調製するために、抗-ウサギメソスケールディスカバリー (MSD) プレート(カタログ番号L41RA-1, Meso-Scale Discovery, Gaithersburg, MD)を、5% MSDブロッキングバッファー100 μlで1時間、室温にてブロックし、その後、TBSTバッファー200 μlで3回洗浄した。1:200で2.5% MSDブロッカーA-TBSTに希釈したホスホ-ERK ウサギポリクローナル抗体(カタログ番号9101, Cell Signaling Technologies, Danvers, MA)を各ウェルに添加し(25 μl)、そしてその後、プレートを室温にて振盪しながら1時間インキュベートした。その後、プレートをリン酸塩緩衝塩類溶液 (PBS)で1回洗浄し、細胞可溶化物を容易に受け入れる用意をした。アッセイプレートの調製の進行中に、試験化合物を前の日からの細胞含有プレートのウェルに添加し、10% FBS、0.1% 牛血清アルブミン (BSA)及び0.03% DMSOを含有するRPMI 1640培地中で逐次的に希釈し、そしてプレートを37oCで1.5時間インキュベートした。このインキュベーションの後に、化合物で処理したプレートをPBSで3回洗浄し、30μlのBio-Rad溶解バッファー(カタログ番号98601, Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA)中で溶解させ、その後、氷上で30分間振盪させておいた。この可溶化物を、その後、ホスホ-ERKコート化MSDプレート上に載せ、そしてプレートを4 oCで一晩インキュベートした。次の日に、プレートをTBSTで3回洗浄し、そして25 μlの1:3000希釈の総ERKモノクローナル抗体 (カタログ番号610123, BD Biosciences, San Diego, CA)をプレートに添加し、それを、その後、振盪しながら室温にて1時間インキュニュベートした。インキュベーションの後、プレートを上記のとおりのTBSTで3回洗浄し、そして25μlの1:1000希釈のMSD スルホ-タグ抗-マウス抗体 (カタログ番号R32AC-5)を各ウェルに添加した。プレートを振盪しながら室温にて1時間インキュニュベートし、その後、TBSTで4回洗浄した。プレートを読む直前に、150 μlのMSD リードバッファーTを添加し、そしてプレートをMSD 器具上ですぐに読んだ。IC50 分析に関してアナライズ(Analyze)5ソフトウエアを用いてデータ分析を行った。
機構的pERKアッセイのための代わりの条件
腫瘍培養細胞株におけるERK1/2リン酸化の測定のために、シングルプレックスメソスケールディスカバリー(singleplex Mesoscale Discovery)(MSD)アッセイを用いる。このアッセイはサンドイッチイミュノアッセイのように構築される。逐次的に希釈されたMEK阻害剤化合物で処理した種々の腫瘍細胞株から発生される細胞可溶化物をMSD プレートに載せた。サンプル中に存在するリン酸化ERK1/2は作用電極表面上に固定化されたキャプチャー抗体に結合する。検知抗体を固定化ホスホERK1/2に結合させることによりサンドイッチを完成する。この検知抗体を電気化学発光性化合物によってラベル化する。プレート電極に電圧を課すことにより、抗体-ホスホERK1/2サンドイッチ複合体を介して、電極表面に結合したラベルが発光する。発光の測定値により、サンプル中に存在するリン酸化ERK1/2の量を定量的に決定することができる。詳細には、ホスホERKシグナルの測定値の直線範囲をアッセイにおいて使用されるすべての細胞株について種々の細胞数を滴定することにより決定しなければならない。最終のアッセイのために、予め決められた細胞数を96ウェルプレート中に播く。播種の24時間後に、細胞を、逐次に希釈したアロステリックMEK阻害剤化合物により1.5時間処理し、その後、細胞を溶解させ、そして可溶化物をMSDアッセイプレートに移送した。リン酸化ERKをキャプチャー抗体に結合させる工程を室温で3時間の代わりに4℃で一晩行い、より良好なシグナル強度とした点で製造者のプロトコールを変更した。
細胞を播いた次の日、アッセイプレートを調製するために、MSDを、MSD ブロッキングバッファー150 μlで室温にて1時間ブロックし、その後、トリスウォッシュバッファー(Tris Wash buffer)150 μlで4回洗浄した。アッセイプレートの調製の進行中に、試験化合物を前の日からの細胞含有プレートのウェルに添加し、10% FBS及び0.1% DMSOを含有するそれぞれの培地中で逐次的に希釈し、そしてプレートを37oCで1.5〜2時間インキュベートした。このインキュベーションの後に、培地を吸引し、細胞を溶解バッファー50μl中で溶解させ、その後、4℃で30分間振盪させておいた。この可溶化物25μLを、その後、ブロックされたMSDプレート上に載せ、そしてプレートを4 oCで一晩インキュベートした。次の日に、プレートをトリスウォッシュバッファー(Tris wash buffer)で4回洗浄し、そして25 μlの検知抗体溶液をプレートに添加し、それを、その後、振盪しながら室温にて1時間インキュベートした。インキュベーションの後、プレートをトリスウォッシュバッファー(Tris wash buffer)で4回洗浄し、150 μlのMSD リードバッファーTを添加し、そしてプレートをMSD 器具上ですぐに読んだ。IC50 分析に関して社内のソフトウエアを用いてデータ分析を行った。
インビトロ腫瘍細胞増殖アッセイ
本発明の化合物を試験するために使用される付着性腫瘍細胞増殖アッセイはプロメガ(Promega)により開発されたCell Titre-Gloと呼ばれる読み取り情報が関与する (Cunningham, BA "A Growing Issue: Cell Proliferation Assays. Modern kits ease quantification of cell growth" The Scientist 2001, 15(13), 26, 及びCrouch, SP ら, "The use of ATP bioluminescence as a measure of cell proliferation and cytotoxicity" Journal of Immunological Methods 1993, 160, 81-88)。
A375細胞におけるインビトロ腫瘍細胞増殖アッセイ (cell titer glow [CTG]アッセイ)
A375細胞[ヒト悪性黒色腫細胞, ATCC # CRL-1619,突然変異BRAF V600E発現]を、96ウェルブラッククリアボトム組織培養プレート(Costar 3603 黒色/透明ボトム)中で、3000細胞/ウェルの密度で、37℃でインキュベートした、10% ウシ胎児血清 (FBS)及び安定なグルタミンを含有する100 μL/ウェルDMEM培地(Biochrom; FG0435; +3.7g/L 重炭酸ナトリウム; + 4.5g/L D-グルコース)中に播いた。時刻0を決定するために別のプレート中でシスターウェルに播いた。すべてのプレートを37°Cで一晩インキュベートした。時刻0のプレートを取り出す: 67 μL/ウェルCTG 溶液(Promega Cell Titer Glo solution)をシスタープレート中の時刻0ウェルに添加し、プレートをオービタルシェイカーにより2分間混合し、細胞の溶解を確実にし、10 分間インキュベートし、ビクター(VICTOR) 3 (Perkin Elmer)でルミネッセンスを読んだ。細胞播種の24時間後に、0.4 %の最終DMSO濃度で逐次的に希釈した試験化合物の活性に依存して、50 μL培地中に希釈した試験化合物を上限10 μM〜下限300 pMの最終濃度範囲で添加した。試験化合物の添加後、細胞を37≡Cで72時間インキュベートした。その後、Promega Cell Titer Glo Luminescent(登録商標)アッセイキットを用いて、酵素ルシフェラーゼ及びその基質のルシフェラン混合物を含む、100 マイクロリットルの溶解バッファーを各ウェルに添加し、暗所で室温にて10分間インキュベートし、ルミネッセンスシグナルを安定化させた。サンプルをビクター(VICTOR) 3 (Perkin Elmer) で、ルミネッセンスプロトコールを用いて読んだ。細胞増殖の%変化を、0点プレートの吸光値(=0%)及び未処理(0μM)細胞の吸光値(=100%)に正規化することにより計算した。IC50値は自社のソフトウエアを用いた4-パラメータフィットによって決定した。
アッセイ6
培養されたヒトA375細胞を、96-ウェルマルチタイタープレート中、200μlの増殖培地(DMEM / HAMS F12 (Biochrom; FG4815)、10% FBS及び2 mM グルタミンを含有)中で 1500 細胞/測定ポイントの密度で播いた。24時間後に、プレート(ゼロプレート)からの細胞をクリスタルバイオレットにより染色し(下記参照)、一方、他のプレート中の培地を新鮮な培地(200μl)に置き換え、それに、試験物質を種々の濃度で(0 μM、及び0.3 nM〜30μM;溶剤のジメチルスルホキシドの最終濃度は0.5%であった)添加した。細胞を、試験物質の存在下に4日間インキュベートした。細胞増殖をクリスタルバイオレットで染色することにより決定した: 室温で15分間、20μl/測定ポイントの11% グルタルアルデヒド溶液を添加することにより細胞を固定化した。固定化された細胞を水で3回洗浄した後に、プレートを室温で乾燥した。100μl/測定ポイントの0.1%クリスタルバイオレット溶液 (酢酸を添加してpHをpH3に調整)を添加することにより細胞を染色した。染色した細胞を水で3回洗浄した後に、プレートを室温で乾燥した。100μl/測定ポイントの10%酢酸溶液を添加することにより、染料を溶解し、そして吸光値を595nmの波長での測光により決定した。細胞増殖の%変化を、0点プレートの吸光値(=0%)及び未処理(0μM)細胞の吸光値(=100%)に正規化することにより計算した。IC50値は自社のソフトウエアを用いた4-パラメータフィットによって決定した。
インビボ効力試験:ステージドヒト異種移植モデル
リード化合物のインビボ抗腫瘍活性を、ヒトBRAF突然変異黒色腫及び結腸カルシノーマの異種移植モデルを用いてマウスにおいて評価した。American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Maryland)から得られたヒト黒色腫(LOX)又はヒト結腸 (Colo205)カルシノーマ株のいずれかを、雌の胸腺欠損NCR ヌードマウスに皮下移植した。腫瘍が約100mgのサイズに到達したときに、治療を開始した。PEG/水 (それぞれ80%/20%)中で新鮮に調製した化合物を経口投与した。マウスの一般的健康状態をモニターし、死亡率を毎日記録した。治療を開始した第一日から始めて週二回、腫瘍の寸法及び体重を記録した。Bayer IACUCガイドラインに従って、動物を安楽死させた。20%を超える死亡率及び/又は20%の正味体重減少を生じる治療は「有毒」と考えた。
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Claims (20)
- R1は、ハロゲンであり;
R2は、ハロゲンであり;
R3は、水素であり;
R4は、ハロゲン又はシアノであり;
R5は、C2−C6アルキルであり;
R6は、水素、ハロゲン、シアノ、アルコキシ、アミノ、アルキルアミノ、ジアルキルアミノからなる群より選ばれ;
R7及びR8は、互いに独立に、水素又はハロゲンであり;
Aは、アリール又はヘテロアリールであり;
nは、0〜1の整数である、請求項1記載の化合物。 - R1は、ハロゲンであり;
R2は、ハロゲンであり;
R3は、水素であり;
R4は、ハロゲンであり;
R5は、C2−C6アルキルであり;
R6は、水素であり;
R7及びR8は、水素であり;
Aは、フェニル又はピリジルであり;
nは、0〜1の整数である、請求項1又は2記載の化合物。 - 2−(3−エタンスルホニルアミノ−フェノキシ)−4−フルオロ−6−(2−フルオロ−4−ヨード−フェニルアミノ)−ベンズアミド;
4−フルオロ−2−(2−フルオロ−4−ヨード−フェニルアミノ)−6−[3−(プロパン−2−スルホニルアミノ)−フェノキシ]−ベンズアミド;
4−フルオロ−2−(2−フルオロ−4−ヨード−フェニルアミノ)−6−[5−(プロパン−2−スルホニルアミノ)−ピリジン−3−イルオキシ−ベンズアミド;及び
2−(3−エタンスルホニルアミノ−ベンジルオキシ)−4−フルオロ−6−(2−フルオロ−4−ヨード−フェニルアミノ)−ベンズアミド
からなる群より選ばれる、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項記載の化合物。 - 請求項1〜4のいずれか1項記載の化合物、又は、その互変異性体、立体異性体、生理学的に許容されうる塩、水和物、又は溶媒和物と、医薬上許容されうる希釈剤又はキャリアとを含む、医薬組成物。
- 前記化合物は治療有効量で存在する、請求項6記載の医薬組成物。
- 少なくとも1種の更なる活性化合物を更に含む、請求項7記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記更なる活性化合物は、抗過剰増殖剤、抗血管新生剤、有糸分裂阻害剤、アルキル化剤、抗代謝産物、DNA−インターカレート抗生物質、増殖因子阻害剤、細胞周期阻害剤、酵素阻害剤、トポシソメラーゼ(toposisomerase)阻害剤、生物学的応答調節剤又は抗ホルモンである、請求項8記載の医薬組成物。
- 容器と、請求項6〜9のいずれか1項記載の医薬組成物と、前記医薬組成物を哺乳動物の病気又は疾患の治療に使用するための指示とを含む、包装された医薬組成物。
- 細胞においてマイトジェン細胞外キナーゼ酵素を阻害するための、請求項6記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記細胞は哺乳動物細胞である、請求項11記載の医薬組成物。
- 哺乳動物の過剰増殖性疾患又は異常細胞増殖を治療するための医薬の調製における、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項記載の化合物の使用。
- 前記過剰増殖性疾患は癌である、請求項13記載の使用。
- 前記癌は乳癌、気道癌、脳癌、生殖器癌、消化管癌、尿路癌、眼癌、肝臓癌、皮膚癌、頭頚部癌、内分泌系癌及び充実性腫瘍の遠隔転移である、請求項14記載の使用。
- 前記癌は肉腫、黒色腫又は血液悪性腫瘍である、請求項15記載の使用。
- 前記血液悪性腫瘍はリンパ腫、白血病又は多発性骨髄腫である、請求項16記載の使用。
- 哺乳動物の血管新生性疾患を治療するための医薬の調製における、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項記載の化合物の使用。
- 前記過剰増殖性疾患は、乾癬、再狭窄、自己免疫疾患、アテローム性動脈硬化症、関節リウマチ、慢性疼痛、神経因性疼痛、変形性関節症、前立腺肥大症又は眼の過剰増殖性疾患である、請求項13記載の使用。
- 前記眼の過剰増殖性疾患は、白内障、結膜上皮細胞過剰有糸分裂又は杯細胞過形成である、請求項19記載の使用。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP08168724 | 2008-11-10 | ||
| EP08168724.6 | 2008-11-10 | ||
| PCT/EP2009/007726 WO2010051933A2 (en) | 2008-11-10 | 2009-10-28 | Substituted sulphonamido phenoxybenzamides |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| JP2012508203A JP2012508203A (ja) | 2012-04-05 |
| JP5746630B2 true JP5746630B2 (ja) | 2015-07-08 |
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| JP2011535031A Expired - Fee Related JP5746630B2 (ja) | 2008-11-10 | 2009-10-28 | 置換スルホンアミドフェノキシベンズアミド |
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| US (1) | US8993630B2 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP2346818B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP5746630B2 (ja) |
| CA (1) | CA2742945A1 (ja) |
| ES (1) | ES2399384T3 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2010051933A2 (ja) |
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| WO2009129938A1 (en) * | 2008-04-22 | 2009-10-29 | Bayer Schering Pharma Aktiengesellschaft | Substituted phenoxybenzamides |
| CN102020651B (zh) | 2010-11-02 | 2012-07-18 | 北京赛林泰医药技术有限公司 | 6-芳基氨基吡啶酮甲酰胺mek抑制剂 |
| CA2890238A1 (en) | 2012-11-02 | 2014-05-08 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Method of reducing adverse effects in a cancer patient undergoing treatment with a mek inhibitor |
| WO2015196072A2 (en) | 2014-06-19 | 2015-12-23 | Whitehead Institute For Biomedical Research | Uses of kinase inhibitors for inducing and maintaining pluripotency |
| GB2583930B (en) * | 2019-05-14 | 2021-05-12 | Illinois Tool Works | Weighing balance |
| AR121078A1 (es) * | 2020-01-22 | 2022-04-13 | Chugai Pharmaceutical Co Ltd | Derivados de arilamida con actividad antitumoral |
| US12371667B2 (en) | 2021-05-13 | 2025-07-29 | Washington University | Enhanced methods for inducing and maintaining naive human pluripotent stem cells |
| WO2025054260A1 (en) * | 2023-09-07 | 2025-03-13 | Kinnate Biopharma Inc. | Inhibitors of mek kinase |
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-
2009
- 2009-10-28 CA CA2742945A patent/CA2742945A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2009-10-28 JP JP2011535031A patent/JP5746630B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-10-28 WO PCT/EP2009/007726 patent/WO2010051933A2/en not_active Ceased
- 2009-10-28 ES ES09744082T patent/ES2399384T3/es active Active
- 2009-10-28 US US13/128,274 patent/US8993630B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-10-28 EP EP09744082A patent/EP2346818B1/en not_active Not-in-force
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2010051933A3 (en) | 2010-07-15 |
| WO2010051933A2 (en) | 2010-05-14 |
| US8993630B2 (en) | 2015-03-31 |
| EP2346818B1 (en) | 2012-12-05 |
| CA2742945A1 (en) | 2010-05-14 |
| US20110218219A1 (en) | 2011-09-08 |
| EP2346818A2 (en) | 2011-07-27 |
| ES2399384T3 (es) | 2013-04-01 |
| JP2012508203A (ja) | 2012-04-05 |
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