JP5697991B2 - 診断的アッセイ - Google Patents
診断的アッセイ Download PDFInfo
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- JP5697991B2 JP5697991B2 JP2010544547A JP2010544547A JP5697991B2 JP 5697991 B2 JP5697991 B2 JP 5697991B2 JP 2010544547 A JP2010544547 A JP 2010544547A JP 2010544547 A JP2010544547 A JP 2010544547A JP 5697991 B2 JP5697991 B2 JP 5697991B2
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- Pathology (AREA)
- Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
- Virology (AREA)
- Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
- Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
Description
断片は、削除された特定の領域またはドメインを有する抗原を含んでいてもよい。例えば、それらの領域またはドメインの存在が本明細書に記載されるアッセイにおける断片の使用に干渉する場合には、これらの領域またはドメインを削除することは有益である。例えば、PcpA、Ply、PhtD、PhtEまたはLytBを使用する場合、コリン作用性の結合領域を削除して差し支えない。PcpAタンパク質の例となる断片を配列番号:7に示す。
材料および方法
2ヶ月〜6歳の年齢の99名の子どもは、2003年3月から2005年12月の間に、CAPのためにUniversity Hospitals of Lausanne and Geneva(スイス国所在)の小児病棟に入院したときに前向きコホート研究に登録された。子どもは、WHOの分類(ref)に従い、肺炎の臨床的徴候を呈する場合に適格者とし、喘息、慢性疾患、または基礎疾患、免疫抑制を積極的に治療した子ども、または喘鳴(細気管支炎の疑い)を呈する子どもは除外した。2003〜2005年におけるスイス国の勧告に従って肺炎連鎖球菌の予防接種を受けた子どもはいなかった。両機関の倫理委員会に承認されるように、親が内容について署名した後、彼らを登録した。
実験結果
A.CAPを有する子どもにおける急性の肺炎球菌感染の痕跡
75名のあらかじめ健康な子ども(平均年齢33.7ヶ月、中央値35.4ヶ月、範囲2.6〜66ヶ月、女性50%)が入院時に登録され、CAPに関連した抗肺炎球菌の免疫の前向き研究のための急性期および回復期の血清を提供した。1名の子供だけが陽性の血液培養を有していたのに対し、15/75名(20%)の患者は、血中に肺炎球菌溶血素DNA(Ply+−PCR)を有していた。血清IgGのPlyに対する血清応答(急性期と回復期の血清間に2倍の増加)を使用して、16/75名(21%)の子どもにおける急性の肺炎球菌感染の痕跡を確認した(表1)。割合は、Ply+−PCRおよび/または抗Ply血清応答を組み合わせると、最近の報告と一致して、31%(23/75)まで増大した(Korppi M, Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2007)。
最近の肺炎球菌の曝露の痕跡を有しない(Ply PCR陰性およびいずれかのPSPに対するIgG力価の≧2倍の上昇なし(NP−CAP))31名の子どもに対し、急性の肺炎球菌(≧2倍の上昇)および/または感染(Ply+−PCR)(P−CAP)の応答の痕跡を有する36名のCAPの子どもについて調査した。高い抗PSPは最近の曝露または感染を反映しうるが、≧2倍の応答の尤度を制限することから、≧3PSPに対する非常に高い入院血清力価(>300EU/ml)を有する8名の子どもを、帰属の誤りを防ぐために、これらの分析から除外した。応答者は、定義により、対照群には含まれないので、これらのアプローチはアッセイの特異性および1.00の陽性適中率を設定する。しかしながらそれは、よく吟味された試験群におけるアッセイ感受性および陰性適中率の比較を可能にする。Ply+−PCRのみに依存して肺炎球菌のCAPを診断すると、肺炎球菌性肺炎がほとんど菌血症性ではないという事実と一致する、19/36名(53%)の患者を見逃してしまっていたであろう。抗Ply IgG応答のみの使用は、17/36名(47%)の子どもを見逃し、以前の報告と一致する、0.44の感受性および0.61の陰性適中率を生じる(表1)。高い数値は、抗PhtEまたは抗PcpAのいずれかの単独使用で生じた(表1)。仮定されるように、幾つかのPSPの組合せは、アッセイの感受性をさらに増強した(表2)。抗PcpAと抗PhtEの応答の組合せは、0.92の感受性と0.91の陰性適中率を生じさせた。これらの値は、抗Plyの応答を加えることによってさらに増大し、抗PcpA、PhtEおよびPlyの応答の組合せは、感受性と陰性適中率の両方にとって0.94の最適な結果を生じた。重要なことに、PcpAを含まないPSPの任意の組合せの最大値の感受性は、依然として0.68未満である。これは、抗原の数を増加させるとCAPの病原の同定の可能性を高め、特定の免疫試験が他のものよりも小児肺炎球菌のCAPの診断にさらに大いに貢献することを裏付けるものである。
次に、急性の肺炎球菌感染の強い痕跡を有する子ども(P−CAP,n=36)が、最近の肺炎球菌の曝露の痕跡の無い子ども(n=31,NP−CAP)と、人口統計特性または臨床特性の点で異なるか否かを判断することを目的とした。単変量解析は、年齢(33.5ヶ月対32.7ヶ月)、性別(50%対48%の女性)、肺炎の臨床重症度(WHOスコアI:5対1,II:23対21,III:7対9)、咳の持続期間(7日間対4日間)、発熱期間(4.2日間対3.2日間)または入院の30日間の抗生物質の使用(9名対8名の子ども)について、P−CAPまたはNP−CAPで入院している子どもの群間で異ならないことを示唆した。これは、臨床パターン単独では肺炎球菌に由来するCAPを有する子どもを確実に特定し得ないことを裏付けている。
肺炎連鎖球菌の感染に対する防御において、以前から存在する抗肺炎球菌の抗体の重要性を考慮して、我々は、通常の基準血清を使用して、入院時におけるPSP特異性の免疫を比較し、場合により、P−CAPおよびNP−CAPの子どもにおける差異を識別する。75名の患者のすべてが、少なくとも1種類のタンパク質、ほとんどの人は幾つかのPSPに対し、検出可能な血清抗体を有していた(≧2PSP:96%,≧3PSP:92%,≧4PSP:89%,≧5種類のPSP:86%)。PcpA、PlyおよびPhtEに対して最も高いGMTを示したが、抗LytB抗体は著しく低かった(表3)。入院時における抗体力価は著しく異なっていた。肺炎球菌の曝露およびB細胞応答能の両方が年齢と共に上昇することから、我々は、年齢(月齢)とPSP特異性のGMTの相関について調べた(log10EU/ml)。これらの相関関係は強く、Ply(R2=0.63434)、PhtD(R2=0.63297)およびPhtE(R2=0.59359)であり、LytB(R2=0.45824)およびPcpA(R2=0.31625)では有意ではあったが弱かった。4つの同年齢の群(≦17、18〜35、36〜49および≧50ヶ月)に分けた子どもにおける曝露誘発型の抗PSP抗体の評価は、抗PcpA抗体が、<18ヶ月の子どもにおいて、すでに高い力価で存在し(図1)、それらの年齢に伴う増大は有意であるが(p=0.022)、他のPSP(p<0.001)よりも顕著さは少ないことを示唆した。抗PcpAおよび抗PhtE抗体は、恐らくは母親の抗体の受身伝達を反映して、月齢2.6ヶ月の最も若年齢の乳児にもすでに存在していた。
データは、免疫原性のPSPのパネルの利用が、世界保健機構(WHO)によって定義されるような肺炎の臨床的徴候を有する幼児における肺炎球菌感染の診断を飛躍的に向上させることを実証している。WHOは、抗PcpA抗体を、肺炎球菌のCAPの重要な診断マーカーとして認定している。これらの抗体は、非肺炎球菌性肺炎よりは肺炎球菌を有する子どもにおいて、急性期の間に、非常に低いレベルで検出可能である。
Claims (13)
- 肺炎の徴候を有する被験体からの血清サンプルにおいて、PcpA抗原に対する抗体、ならびにPlyおよびPhtEから選択される少なくとも1つの追加の抗原に対する抗体を検出する工程を含み、前記血清サンプル中のPcpA抗原に対する抗体の量が、該サンプル中の前記少なくとも1つの追加の抗原に対する抗体の量よりも統計的に有意に少ない場合に、肺炎球菌性肺炎であることが示唆されることを特徴とする、肺炎連鎖球菌(Streptococcus pneumoniae)による感染を検査する方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つの追加の抗原がPlyであることを特徴とする請求項1記載の方法。
- 抗原−抗体複合体を形成するのに十分な時間および条件下で、前記血清サンプルを前記抗原と接触させ、次いで、抗原−抗体複合体の形成を検出する工程を含むことを特徴とする請求項1または2記載の方法。
- 前記抗原−抗体複合体の形成を検出する工程が、該抗原−抗体複合体中のヒト免疫グロブリンを検出することを含むことを特徴とする請求項3記載の方法。
- 前記ヒト免疫グロブリンを検出する工程が、前記抗原−抗体複合体を、ヒト免疫グロブリンに結合する第2の抗体と、該第2の抗体が前記複合体中のヒト免疫グロブリンに結合するのに十分な時間および条件下で接触させ、次いで、結合した抗ヒト免疫グロブリンを検出することを含むことを特徴とする請求項4記載の方法。
- 前記第2の抗体が、検出可能なマーカーまたはレポーター分子で標識されていることを特徴とする請求項5記載の方法。
- 酵素免疫吸着法(ELISA)を行うことを含む請求項3記載の方法。
- 前記ELISAが、捕捉抗体および検出用抗体を使用するサンドイッチELISAであることを特徴とする請求項7記載の方法。
- 前記被験体からの生体サンプル中の肺炎連鎖球菌(Streptococcus pneumoniae)の核酸を検出する工程をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項1から8いずれか1項記載の方法。
- 前記核酸が、PcpAタンパク質をコードする核酸に対応することを特徴とする請求項9記載の方法。
- 肺炎連鎖球菌(Streptococcus pneumoniae)による感染を検出するためのPcpA抗原、ならびにPlyおよびPhtEから選択される少なくとも1つの追加の抗原の使用方法であって、前記感染が、肺炎の徴候を有する被験体から得られたサンプル中の抗体のPcpA抗原への結合、ならびに該サンプル中の抗体の前記少なくとも1つの追加の抗原への結合によって特定され、前記サンプル中のPcpA抗原に対する抗体の量が、該サンプル中の前記少なくとも1つの追加の抗原に対する抗体の量よりも統計的に有意に少ない場合に、肺炎球菌性肺炎であることが示唆されることを特徴とすることを特徴とする使用方法。
- 生体サンプルにおいて肺炎連鎖球菌(Streptococcus pneumoniae)感染を検出するためのキットであって、該キットが、
(i)単離および精製されたPcpA抗原;
(ii)PlyおよびPhtEから選択される少なくとも1つの単離および精製された抗原;および、
(iii)抗原−抗体複合体の形成を検出するための試薬
を含み、前記サンプル中のPcpA抗原に対する抗体の量が、該サンプル中の前記少なくとも1つの追加の抗原に対する抗体の量よりも統計的に有意に少ない場合に、肺炎球菌性肺炎であることが示唆されることを特徴とするキット。 - 使用説明書をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項12記載のキット。
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| US61/063,376 | 2008-02-01 | ||
| PCT/CA2009/000119 WO2009094779A1 (en) | 2008-02-01 | 2009-02-02 | Assay for diagnosing streptococcus pneumoniae |
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| JP2011511275A JP2011511275A (ja) | 2011-04-07 |
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| EP1694359A2 (en) * | 2003-11-10 | 2006-08-30 | UAB Research Foundation | Compositions for reducing bacterial carriage and cns invasion and methods of using same |
| MX2009001778A (es) * | 2006-08-17 | 2009-05-22 | Uab Research Foundation | Peptidos pcpa inmunogenicos y usos de los mismos. |
| JP5697991B2 (ja) | 2008-02-01 | 2015-04-08 | サノフィ パストゥール リミテッドSanofi Pasteur Limited | 診断的アッセイ |
| KR20120107121A (ko) * | 2009-12-22 | 2012-09-28 | 사노피 파스퇴르 리미티드 | 면역원성 조성물 |
| CN102939105B (zh) * | 2009-12-22 | 2016-11-16 | 赛诺菲巴斯德有限公司 | 免疫原性组合物和相关的方法 |
| AU2011336366B2 (en) | 2010-12-03 | 2016-05-12 | Sanofi Pasteur Limited | Composition for immunization against Streptococcus pneumoniae |
| CN104181302B (zh) * | 2014-08-18 | 2016-01-06 | 湖北工业大学 | 基于磁性分离和多色量子点标记的抗人肺炎链球菌IgM、IgG抗体快速共检的方法和试剂盒 |
| KR20200097134A (ko) | 2019-02-07 | 2020-08-18 | 에스케이바이오사이언스(주) | 교차반응이 없는 폐렴구균 항혈청 및 이의 제조방법 |
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| US6716432B1 (en) * | 1988-12-16 | 2004-04-06 | James Cleland Paton | Pneumolysin mutants and pneumococcal vaccines made therefrom |
| US7078042B2 (en) | 1995-09-15 | 2006-07-18 | Uab Research Foundation | Pneumococcal surface protein C (PspC), epitopic regions and strain selection thereof, and uses therefor |
| US6245335B1 (en) * | 1996-05-01 | 2001-06-12 | The Rockefeller University | Choline binding proteins for anti-pneumococcal vaccines |
| GB0022742D0 (en) * | 2000-09-15 | 2000-11-01 | Smithkline Beecham Biolog | Vaccine |
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| AU2003268353A1 (en) | 2002-08-30 | 2004-03-19 | Tufts University | Streptococcus pneumoniae antigens for diagnosis, treatment and prevention of active infection |
| EP1615950A2 (en) * | 2003-04-15 | 2006-01-18 | Intercell AG | S. pneumoniae antigens |
| JP2005110545A (ja) * | 2003-10-06 | 2005-04-28 | Meiji Seika Kaisha Ltd | 呼吸器感染症起因菌の迅速検出法およびそのキット |
| US7713715B2 (en) * | 2005-09-06 | 2010-05-11 | University Of Tennessee Research Foundation | Method for diagnosing infections |
| EP1882939A1 (en) * | 2006-07-27 | 2008-01-30 | The Jordanian Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Co. | Urinary immunochromatographic antigen detection cup |
| MX2009001778A (es) * | 2006-08-17 | 2009-05-22 | Uab Research Foundation | Peptidos pcpa inmunogenicos y usos de los mismos. |
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| CN105044337A (zh) | 2015-11-11 |
| CA2708209A1 (en) | 2009-08-06 |
| US20140349863A1 (en) | 2014-11-27 |
| IL206437A (en) | 2014-08-31 |
| WO2009094779A1 (en) | 2009-08-06 |
| ZA201004533B (en) | 2011-04-28 |
| US20110130300A1 (en) | 2011-06-02 |
| EP2235531A4 (en) | 2011-01-12 |
| BRPI0907010A2 (pt) | 2015-07-07 |
| KR20100117588A (ko) | 2010-11-03 |
| EP2235531A1 (en) | 2010-10-06 |
| US9535064B2 (en) | 2017-01-03 |
| CN101952728B (zh) | 2016-05-11 |
| AU2009208299A1 (en) | 2009-08-06 |
| JP2011511275A (ja) | 2011-04-07 |
| KR101667620B1 (ko) | 2016-10-19 |
| AU2009208299B2 (en) | 2015-01-22 |
| EP2235531B1 (en) | 2015-01-14 |
| US8404457B2 (en) | 2013-03-26 |
| CN101952728A (zh) | 2011-01-19 |
| US20170102385A1 (en) | 2017-04-13 |
| MX2010008514A (es) | 2010-09-30 |
| IL206437A0 (en) | 2010-12-30 |
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