JP5533338B2 - Toner for developing electrostatic image, developer for developing electrostatic image, toner cartridge, process cartridge, image forming method, and image forming apparatus - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an electrostatic image developing toner, an electrostatic image developing developer, a toner cartridge, a process cartridge, an image forming method, and an image forming apparatus.

  A method of visualizing image information through a latent image (electrostatic charge image) such as electrophotography is now widely used in various fields. In the electrophotographic method, an electrostatic image on the surface of an electrophotographic photosensitive member (sometimes referred to as a latent image holder) is developed with an electrostatic image developing toner through a charging step, an exposure step, etc., and a transfer step and a fixing step. Etc., the electrostatic charge image is visualized.

  By the way, when fixing a fast image and a large amount of toner, for example, a solid image, or a thick paper as a paper, a flaw on the surface of the fixing roller or a peeling member for peeling the paper from the fixing roller. For the purpose of solving the problem that nail marks or the like appear in the image as uneven gloss, a pair of rotating bodies that form a heating nip that contacts each other and heats the toner image on the recording material, In a heating apparatus having a rubbing member for rubbing at least one of the rotating bodies, and a moving means for bringing the rubbing member spaced apart from the rotating body into contact with the rotating body, the basis weight of the recording material Accordingly, there is disclosed an image heating apparatus comprising selection means for selecting whether or not to perform the contact operation of the rubbing member by the moving means prior to the heating operation of the pair of rotating bodies. Is (e.g., see Patent Document 1).

JP 2009-288285 A

  An object of the present invention is to provide a toner for developing an electrostatic image in which occurrence of uneven gloss is suppressed.

That is, the invention according to claim 1, the melting temperature and the binder resin contains at least one kind of release agent is 60 ° C. or higher 100 ° C. or less, the content of all types of chlorine-substituted benzene derivatives 0. The toner for developing an electrostatic charge image is from 01 ppb to 10 ppb.

The invention according to claim 2 is the toner for electrostatic image development according to claim 1 all types of content is less 3ppb than 0.1ppb before Kishio containing substituted benzene derivatives.

  A third aspect of the present invention is an electrostatic charge image developing developer comprising the electrostatic charge image developing toner according to the first or second aspect.

  A fourth aspect of the present invention is a toner cartridge including the electrostatic image developing toner according to the first or second aspect.

The invention according to claim 5 contains the developer for developing an electrostatic charge image according to claim 3, and develops the electrostatic image formed on the latent image holding member with the developer for developing an electrostatic image. A developing unit for forming a toner image;
It is a process cartridge that can be attached to and detached from the image forming apparatus.

  According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, there is provided an electrostatic charge image forming step of forming an electrostatic charge image on a latent image holding member, and developing the electrostatic charge image with the electrostatic charge image developing developer according to the third aspect. A developing step for forming an image, a transfer step for transferring the toner image onto the transfer medium with or without an intermediate transfer member, and a fixing step for fixing the toner image on the transfer target member. An image forming method.

  According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided a latent image holding member, an electrostatic charge image forming unit for forming an electrostatic charge image on the latent image holding member, and the electrostatic charge image for developing an electrostatic charge image according to the third aspect. Developing means for developing with a developer to form a toner image, transfer means for transferring the toner image onto a transfer medium with or without an intermediate transfer member, and fixing the toner image on the transfer target body And an image forming apparatus.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, there is provided an electrostatic image developing toner in which the occurrence of uneven gloss is suppressed.

  According to the invention of claim 2, the occurrence of uneven gloss is further suppressed.

  According to the third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a developer for developing an electrostatic image in which occurrence of uneven gloss is suppressed.

  According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a toner cartridge that facilitates the supply of electrostatic image developing toner that suppresses the occurrence of uneven gloss.

  According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, it is possible to facilitate the handling of the developer for developing an electrostatic charge image in which the occurrence of uneven gloss is suppressed, and to improve the adaptability to image forming apparatuses having various configurations.

  According to the sixth aspect of the present invention, there is provided an image forming method using an electrostatic charge image developing toner in which the occurrence of uneven gloss is suppressed.

  According to the seventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided an image forming apparatus using a toner for developing an electrostatic image in which occurrence of gloss unevenness is suppressed.

1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of an image forming apparatus used in an image forming method according to an embodiment.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of an electrostatic image developing toner, an electrostatic image developing developer, a toner cartridge, a process cartridge, an image forming method, and an image forming apparatus according to the present invention will be described.

<Toner for electrostatic image development>
The electrostatic image developing toner according to the present embodiment (hereinafter sometimes referred to as toner of the present embodiment) includes a binder resin and at least one release agent having a melting temperature of 60 ° C. or higher and 100 ° C. or lower. It contains a total type of toner for developing electrostatic images is content less 10ppb or 0.01ppb of chlorine-substituted benzene derivatives.

  In recent years, activities aiming to enter the printing field by electrophotographic methods have been actively performed, and electrophotographic output images are also required to have high image quality equivalent to printing. On the other hand, in electrophotography, when the image film thickness is high because toner is fixed as compared with printing, and when the shape of the release agent contained in the image is indefinite, uneven glossiness may appear in the image quality. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2009-288285 discloses an invention in which a fixing device is improved and gloss unevenness is improved. However, it is insufficient for improving the gloss unevenness derived from the shape of the release agent as in this case, and improvement from the toner is necessary.

In the present embodiment, since all types of content put that chlorine-substituted benzene derivatives in the toner is less 10ppb least 0.01 ppb, all types of chlorine-substituted benzene derivatives in the toner can be uniformly mixed The Further, when fixing the toner image, all types of chlorine-substituted benzene derivatives by easily changing the shape of the release agent by compatible with release agent, the release agent in the fixed image shape Becomes uniform and the light transmittance becomes uniform. As a result, the occurrence of uneven gloss caused by the non-uniform shape of the release agent is suppressed.
In addition, since the toner according to the exemplary embodiment includes a release agent having a melting temperature of 60 ° C. or higher and 100 ° C. or lower, the shape of the release agent is easily changed at the fixing temperature when the toner image is fixed. Occurrence of gloss unevenness is suppressed because the shape of the release agent is uniform and the light transmittance is uniform.

In the present embodiment, all types of content of chlorine-substituted benzene derivatives in the toner is less than 0.01 ppb, the shape of the release agent in the fixed image may be variations gloss unevenness. When all types of content of chlorine-substituted benzene derivatives in the toner is more than 10 ppb, and fusion release agent together when fixing the release agent under high temperature and high humidity is too compatible, a release agent in the image May cause uneven glossiness.
All types of content of chlorine-substituted benzene derivatives in the toner, less desirable than 0.1 ppb 3 ppb.

In the present embodiment, all types of content of chlorine-substituted benzene derivatives in the toner is a value obtained by gas chromatography / mass spectrometry (GC / MS).

In this embodiment, if the melting temperature of the release agent is less than 60 ° C., the release agents fuse together at the time of fixing, and unevenness in gloss may occur due to non-uniform release agents in the image. When the melting temperature of the release agent exceeds 100 ° C., the shape of the release agent becomes non-uniform at the time of fixing, which may cause a problem of uneven gloss.
The melting temperature of the release agent is preferably 65 ° C or higher and 95 ° C or lower.

  In the present embodiment, the melting temperature of the release agent refers to a value determined by a DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimeter) measurement method.

Hereinafter, various materials constituting the toner of the exemplary embodiment will be described.
- all types of chlorine-substituted benzene derivatives -
All types of chlorine-substituted benzene derivatives in the toner also in an amount which is contained in the coloring agent, also may be reduced than the amount which is previously contained by washing or the like colorants, or add the toner pigment You may mix | blend. Hereinafter, the all types of chlorine-substituted benzene derivatives, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene, trichlorobenzene, tetrachlorobenzene, pentachlorobenzene, include hexachlorobenzene and derivatives thereof.

-Release agent-
The toner according to the exemplary embodiment includes at least one release agent having a melting temperature of 60 ° C. or higher and 100 ° C. or lower. Specific examples of the release agent include, for example, low molecular weight polyolefins such as polyethylene, polypropylene, and polybutene, silicones that exhibit a softening point upon heating, oleic acid amide, erucic acid amide, ricinoleic acid amide, stearic acid amide, and the like. Fatty acid amides, plant waxes such as carnauba wax, rice wax, candelilla wax, tree wax, jojoba oil, animal waxes such as beeswax, montan wax, ozokerite, ceresin, paraffin wax, microcrystalline Examples thereof include mineral-based and petroleum-based waxes such as wax and Fischer-Tropsch wax, ester-based waxes such as fatty acid esters, montanic acid esters and carboxylic acid esters, and modified products thereof. Among these, low molecular weight polyolefins such as polyethylene, polypropylene, and polybutene are desirable.
The content of the release agent is preferably 1% by mass or more and 20% by mass or less, and more preferably 5% by mass or more and 15% by mass or less.

-Binder resin-
The toner according to the exemplary embodiment includes a binder resin. As the binder resin used, styrenes such as styrene and chlorostyrene, monoolefins such as ethylene, propylene, butylene and isoprene, vinyl esters such as vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl benzoate and vinyl butyrate, Α-methylene aliphatic monocarboxylic acid esters such as methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, dodecyl acrylate, octyl acrylate, phenyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, dodecyl methacrylate Homopolymers and copolymers such as vinyl ethers such as vinyl methyl ether, vinyl ethyl ether and vinyl butyl ether, vinyl ketones such as vinyl methyl ketone, vinyl hexyl ketone and vinyl isopropenyl ketone. In particular, typical binder resins include polystyrene, styrene-alkyl acrylate copolymer, styrene-alkyl methacrylate copolymer, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, styrene-butadiene copolymer, and styrene-anhydrous. A maleic acid copolymer, polyethylene, polypropylene, etc. are mentioned. Further examples include polyester, polyurethane, epoxy resin, silicone resin, polyamide, modified rosin, paraffin wax and the like.
The content of the binder resin is preferably 50% by mass to 95% by mass, and more preferably 70% by mass to 90% by mass.

-Colorant-
The toner of this embodiment may contain a colorant. Coloring agents include magnetic powders such as magnetite and ferrite, carbon black, aniline blue, caryl blue, chrome yellow, ultramarine blue, dupont oil red, quinoline yellow, methylene blue chloride, phthalocyanine blue, malachite green oxalate, and lamp black. Rose Bengal, C.I. I. Pigment red 48: 1, C.I. I. Pigment red 122, C.I. I. Pigment red 57: 1, C.I. I. Pigment yellow 97, C.I. I. Pigment yellow 17, C.I. I. Pigment blue 15: 1, C.I. I. Pigment Blue 15: 3, Pigment Green 7, Pigment Green 36, Pigment Orange 61, etc. are representative examples.
The content of the colorant is preferably 1% by mass or more and 30% by mass or less, and more preferably 3% by mass or more and 15% by mass or less.

-Other ingredients-
The toner of the exemplary embodiment may contain various components such as an internal additive, a charge control agent, inorganic powder (inorganic particles), and organic particles as necessary. Examples of the internal additive include metals such as ferrite, magnetite, reduced iron, cobalt, nickel and manganese, alloys, and magnetic materials such as compounds containing these metals. Examples of the charge control agent include quaternary ammonium salt compounds, nigrosine compounds, dyes composed of complexes of aluminum, iron, chromium, and triphenylmethane pigments. The inorganic powder is added mainly for the purpose of adjusting the viscoelasticity of the toner. For example, alumina, titania, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, calcium phosphate, cerium oxide, etc. All inorganic particles used as an external additive are included.

-External additive-
The toner according to the exemplary embodiment may include an external additive. Examples of the external additive include known inorganic particles such as silica particles, titanium oxide particles, alumina particles, cerium oxide particles, and carbon black whose surfaces have been hydrophobized, and polymer particles such as polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, and silicone resin. Particles are used.
The external additive may be added by using, for example, a V-type blender, a Henschel mixer, a Redige mixer, or the like.
The content of the external additive is preferably 0.5% by mass or more and 20% by mass or less, and more preferably 1% by mass or more and 5% by mass or less.

The volume average particle diameter of the toner of the exemplary embodiment is preferably 3 μm or more and 10 μm or less, more preferably 3 μm or more and 9 μm or less, and particularly preferably 3 μm or more and 8 μm or less. Further, the number average particle diameter of the toner of the exemplary embodiment is preferably 3 μm or more and 10 μm or less, and more preferably 3 μm or more and 8 μm or less.
If the particle size of the toner is too small, not only the productivity becomes unstable, but the chargeability becomes insufficient and the developability may decrease, and if it is too large, the resolution of the image may decrease. .

The method for producing the toner according to the exemplary embodiment is not particularly limited, and is manufactured by a known dry method such as a kneading and pulverizing method, a wet method such as an emulsion aggregation method or a suspension polymerization method, or the like.
In the kneading and pulverization method, the toner is obtained by kneading, pulverizing, and classifying the binder resin, the release agent, and the colorant and other components as necessary. Moreover, you may use the method of changing the shape of the particle | grains obtained by the kneading | pulverization grinding | pulverization method with a mechanical impact force or thermal energy.

  In the above-described kneading and pulverizing method, first, components such as the above-described binder resin, colorant, release agent and the like are mixed and then melt-kneaded. Examples of the melt kneader include a three-roll type, a single screw type, a twin screw type, and a Banbury mixer type. After coarsely pulverizing the obtained kneaded material, for example, it is pulverized by a pulverizer such as a micronizer, ulmax, jet-O-mizer, jet mill, kryptron, turbo mill, etc., elbow jet, microplex, DS separator, etc. The toner is obtained by performing a classification process with the classifier.

  In the emulsification aggregation method according to the present embodiment, the raw material constituting the toner is emulsified to form resin particles (emulsion particles), the aggregation step of forming aggregates including the resin particles, and the aggregates are fused. And a fusion step.

(Emulsification process)
For example, the resin particle dispersion may be produced by applying a shearing force to a solution obtained by mixing an aqueous medium and a binder resin with a disperser. At that time, particles may be formed by heating to lower the viscosity of the resin component. A dispersant may be used for stabilizing the dispersed resin particles.
Furthermore, if the resin is oily and dissolves in a solvent with a relatively low solubility in water, the resin is dissolved in those solvents and dispersed in water together with a dispersant and a polymer electrolyte, and then heated or decompressed. By evaporating the solvent, a resin particle dispersion is produced.

Examples of the aqueous medium include water such as distilled water and ion-exchanged water; alcohols; and the like. Water is preferable.
Examples of the dispersant used in the emulsification step include water-soluble polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol, methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium polyacrylate, and sodium polymethacrylate; sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, Anionic surfactants such as sodium octadecyl sulfate, sodium oleate, sodium laurate, potassium stearate, cationic surfactants such as laurylamine acetate, stearylamine acetate, lauryltrimethylammonium chloride, amphoteric such as lauryldimethylamine oxide Ionic surfactant, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenyl ether, polyoxyethylene Surfactants such as nonionic surfactants such as alkyl amines; and the like are; tricalcium phosphate, aluminum hydroxide, calcium sulfate, calcium carbonate, inorganic salts such as barium carbonate.

  Examples of the disperser used for preparing the emulsion include a homogenizer, a homomixer, a pressure kneader, an extruder, and a media disperser. As the size of the resin particles, the average particle diameter (volume average particle diameter) is desirably 1.0 μm or less, more desirably 60 nm or more and 300 nm or less, and further desirably 150 nm or more and 250 nm or less. . If it is less than 60 nm, the resin particles become stable particles in the dispersion, and thus aggregation of the resin particles may be difficult. On the other hand, if it exceeds 1.0 μm, the cohesiveness of the resin particles is improved and it becomes easy to prepare toner particles, but the particle size distribution of the toner may be widened.

  In preparing the release agent dispersion, the release agent is dispersed in water together with an ionic surfactant, a polymer electrolyte such as a polymer acid or a polymer base, and then heated to a temperature equal to or higher than the melting temperature of the release agent. Dispersion treatment is performed using a homogenizer or a pressure discharge type disperser to which a strong shearing force is applied while heating. Through the above treatment, a release agent dispersion is obtained. During the dispersion treatment, an inorganic compound such as polyaluminum chloride may be added to the dispersion. Examples of desirable inorganic compounds include polyaluminum chloride, aluminum sulfate, highly basic polyaluminum chloride (BAC), polyaluminum hydroxide, and aluminum chloride. Among these, polyaluminum chloride and aluminum sulfate are desirable. The release agent dispersion is used in the emulsion aggregation method, but the release agent dispersion may also be used when the toner is produced by suspension polymerization.

By the dispersion treatment, a release agent dispersion liquid containing release agent particles having a volume average particle diameter of 1 μm or less is obtained. In addition, the more preferable volume average particle diameter of the release agent particles is 100 nm or more and 500 nm or less.
When the volume average particle diameter is less than 100 nm, the properties of the binder resin used are affected, but generally the release agent component is hardly taken into the toner. On the other hand, if it exceeds 500 nm, the dispersion state of the release agent in the toner may be insufficient.

  For the preparation of the colorant dispersion, a known dispersion method can be used. For example, a general dispersion means such as a rotary shear type homogenizer, a ball mill having a medium, a sand mill, a dyno mill, or an optimizer can be employed. Is not to be done. The colorant is dispersed in water together with a polymer electrolyte such as an ionic surfactant, a polymer acid, or a polymer base. The volume average particle diameter of the dispersed colorant particles may be 1 μm or less, but if it is in the range of 80 nm or more and 500 nm or less, the dispersion of the colorant in the toner is preferable without impairing the cohesiveness.

(Aggregation process)
In the agglomeration step, a dispersion of resin particles, a colorant dispersion, a release agent dispersion, etc. are mixed to form a mixed solution, which is heated to agglomerate at a temperature lower than the glass transition temperature of the resin particles. Form. Aggregated particles are often formed by making the pH of the mixed solution acidic under stirring. The pH is preferably in the range of 2 to 7, and in this case, it is also effective to use a flocculant.
In the aggregation step, the release agent dispersion may be added and mixed at once with various dispersions such as a resin particle dispersion, or may be added in multiple portions.

  As the aggregating agent, a surfactant having a polarity opposite to that of the surfactant used for the dispersant, an inorganic metal salt, and a divalent or higher-valent metal complex are preferably used. In particular, the use of a metal complex is particularly desirable because the amount of the surfactant used can be reduced and the charging characteristics are improved.

As the inorganic metal salt, an aluminum salt and a polymer thereof are particularly suitable. In order to obtain a narrower particle size distribution, the valence of the inorganic metal salt is bivalent than monovalent, trivalent than bivalent, trivalent than trivalent, and tetravalent than trivalent. Inorganic metal salt polymers are more suitable.
In this embodiment, it is desirable to use a polymer of a tetravalent inorganic metal salt containing aluminum in order to obtain a narrow particle size distribution.

  Further, a toner having a structure in which the surface of the core aggregated particles is coated with a resin may be prepared by additionally adding a resin particle dispersion when the aggregated particles have a desired particle size (coating step). In this case, the release agent and the colorant are not easily exposed on the toner surface, which is desirable from the viewpoint of chargeability and developability. In the case of additional addition, a flocculant may be added or pH adjustment may be performed before additional addition.

(Fusion process)
In the fusion step, the agglomeration is stopped by raising the pH of the suspension of aggregated particles to a range of 3 to 9 under stirring conditions in accordance with the aggregation step, and the glass transition temperature of the resin is higher than the glass transition temperature. The aggregated particles are fused by heating at a temperature. Moreover, when it coat | covers with the said resin, this resin is also united and a core aggregated particle is coat | covered. The heating time may be performed to the extent that fusion is performed, and may be performed for about 0.5 hour to 10 hours.

Cool after fusion to obtain fused particles. Further, in the cooling step, crystallization may be promoted by reducing the cooling rate in the vicinity of the glass transition temperature (range of glass transition temperature ± 10 ° C.) of the resin, so-called slow cooling.
The fused particles obtained by fusing are made into toner particles through a solid-liquid separation process such as filtration and, if necessary, a washing process and a drying process.

(External addition process)
External toner additives such as fluidizing agents and auxiliaries are added to the obtained toner particles. As the external additive, the aforementioned known particles are used. By externally adding an external additive to the toner particles, the toner of this embodiment can be obtained.

<Developer for developing electrostatic image>
The toner of this embodiment is used as a developer for developing an electrostatic image. The developer is not particularly limited except that it contains the toner of this embodiment, and may have an appropriate component composition depending on the purpose. When the toner of this embodiment is used alone, it is prepared as a developer for developing a one-component electrostatic image, and when used in combination with a carrier, it is prepared as a developer for developing a two-component electrostatic image.

  The carrier is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include known carriers. For example, known carriers such as resin-coated carriers described in JP-A-62-39879, JP-A-56-11461, etc. Is used.

Specific examples of the carrier include the following resin-coated carriers. That is, examples of the core particle of the carrier include ordinary iron powder, ferrite, magnetite molding, and the like, and the average particle diameter is about 30 μm to 200 μm. Examples of the coating resin for the core particles include styrenes such as styrene, parachlorostyrene, and α-methylstyrene, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-propyl acrylate, lauryl acrylate, and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate. , Α-methylene fatty acid monocarboxylic acids such as methyl methacrylate, n-propyl methacrylate, lauryl methacrylate and 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, nitrogen-containing acrylics such as dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, vinyl nitriles such as acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile Vinyl pyridines such as 2-vinyl pyridine and 4-vinyl pyridine, vinyl ethers such as vinyl methyl ether and vinyl isobutyl ether, vinyl vinyls such as vinyl methyl ketone, vinyl ethyl ketone and vinyl isopropenyl ketone Copolymers of homopolymers and copolymers of ruketones, polyolefins such as ethylene and propylene, silicones such as methylsilicone and methylphenylsilicone, vinyl-based fluorine-containing monomers such as vinylidene fluoride, tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoroethylene Polymers, polyesters containing bisphenol, glycol, etc., epoxy resins, polyurethane resins, polyamide resins, cellulose resins, polyether resins, etc. are mentioned, and particularly desirable is obtained by polymerizing a polymerizable monomer having an aromatic ring. Resin. The reason for this is that the resin obtained by polymerizing the polymerizable monomer having an aromatic ring tends to retain static electricity in the aromatic ring portion when charged with the toner, and therefore the ratio of the uncolored release agent particles is high. This is because it is considered that the generation of an excessive charge amount of the non-colored release agent particles is controlled even when it increases in the developer. More desirably, it is a resin obtained by polymerizing a polymerizable monomer containing, as a polymerizable monomer, styrene in which the aromatic ring portion is easily in direct contact with the toner. These resins may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
The amount of the coating resin is about 0.1 parts by mass or more and 10 parts by mass or less, and preferably 0.5 parts by mass or more and 3.0 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the core particles. For the production of the carrier, a heating kneader, a heating Henschel mixer, a UM mixer, or the like is used. Depending on the amount of the coating resin, a heating fluidized bed, a heating kiln, or the like is used.

  The mixing ratio of the electrostatic image developing toner and the carrier in the electrostatic image developing developer is not particularly limited and is selected according to the purpose.

  The mixing ratio (weight ratio) of the toner and the carrier in the two-component electrostatic image developing developer may be in the range of toner: carrier = 1: 100 to 30: 100, or 3: 100 to The range may be about 20: 100.

<Image forming apparatus>
Next, an image forming apparatus and an image forming method according to this embodiment using the toner of this embodiment will be described.
The image forming apparatus according to the present embodiment includes a latent image holding member, an electrostatic charge image forming unit that forms an electrostatic charge image on the latent image holding member, and the electrostatic charge image developing according to the present embodiment. Developing means for developing a toner image by developing with a developer, transfer means for transferring the toner image onto a transfer medium with or without an intermediate transfer member, and a toner image on the transfer target body Fixing means for fixing.

  In this image forming apparatus, for example, the portion including the developing unit may be a cartridge structure (process cartridge) that can be attached to and detached from the main body of the image forming apparatus, and the process cartridge is related to the present embodiment. The image forming apparatus includes a developing unit that stores a developer for developing an electrostatic image and develops the electrostatic image formed on the surface of the latent image holding member with the developer for developing the electrostatic image to form a toner image. A process cartridge according to the present embodiment that is detachably attached is preferably used.

  Hereinafter, an example of the image forming apparatus according to the present embodiment will be described, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

  FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration example of an image forming apparatus for forming an image by the image forming method according to the present embodiment. In the illustrated image forming apparatus 200, four latent image holders (electrophotographic photoreceptors) 401 a to 401 d are arranged in parallel in the housing 400 along the intermediate transfer belt 409. The electrophotographic photoreceptors 401a to 401d form, for example, images in which the electrophotographic photoreceptor 401a is yellow, the electrophotographic photoreceptor 401b is magenta, the electrophotographic photoreceptor 401c is cyan, and the electrophotographic photoreceptor 401d is black. Is possible.

  Each of the electrophotographic photoreceptors 401a to 401d can be rotated in a predetermined direction (counterclockwise on the paper surface), and charging rolls 402a to 402d, developing devices 404a to 404d, and primary transfer along the rotation direction. Rolls 410a to 410d and cleaning blades 415a to 415d are arranged. Each of the developing devices 404a to 404d is supplied with toners of four colors, black, yellow, magenta, and cyan accommodated in toner cartridges 405a to 405d, and the primary transfer rolls 410a to 410d are respectively connected to the intermediate transfer belt 409. Via the electrophotographic photoreceptors 401a to 401d.

  Further, an exposure device 403 is disposed at a predetermined position in the housing 400 so that a light beam emitted from the exposure device 403 is irradiated on the surfaces of the charged electrophotographic photosensitive members 401a to 401d. It has become. Accordingly, charging, exposure, development, primary transfer, and cleaning are sequentially performed in the rotation process of the electrophotographic photosensitive members 401a to 401d, and the toner images of the respective colors are transferred onto the intermediate transfer belt 409 in an overlapping manner.

  Here, the charging rolls 402a to 402d contact a conductive member (charging roll) with the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptors 401a to 401d to uniformly apply a voltage to the photoreceptor, and the surface of the photoreceptor is set to a predetermined potential. Is charged (charging process). In addition to the charging roll shown in this embodiment, charging by a contact charging method may be performed using a charging brush, a charging film, a charging tube, or the like. Moreover, you may charge by the non-contact system using a corotron or a scorotron.

  As the exposure apparatus 403, an optical system apparatus or the like that exposes a light source such as a semiconductor laser, an LED (light emitting diode), a liquid crystal shutter, or the like on the surfaces of the electrophotographic photoreceptors 401a to 401d. Among these, when an exposure apparatus capable of exposing non-interference light is used, interference fringes between the electroconductive substrates of the electrophotographic photoreceptors 401a to 401d and the photosensitive layer are prevented.

  For the developing devices 404a to 404d, a general developing device that develops the developer by making contact or non-contact with the above-described two-component electrostatic image developing developer may be used (developing step). Such a developing device is not particularly limited as long as a two-component electrostatic image developing developer is used, and a known one is selected according to the purpose. In the primary transfer process, a primary transfer bias having a polarity opposite to that of the toner held on the electrophotographic photosensitive member is applied to the primary transfer rolls 410 a to 410 d, whereby each color is transferred from the electrophotographic photosensitive member to the intermediate transfer belt 409. The toner is sequentially primary transferred.

  The cleaning blades 415a to 415d are for removing residual toner adhering to the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member after the transfer process, and the electrophotographic photosensitive member cleaned by this cleaning process is repeatedly used in the above-described image forming process. Is done. Examples of the material for the cleaning blade include urethane rubber, neoprene rubber, and silicone rubber.

  The intermediate transfer belt 409 is supported by a driving roll 406, a backup roll 408, and a tension roll 407 with a predetermined tension, and can rotate without causing deflection due to the rotation of these rolls. The secondary transfer roll 413 is disposed so as to contact the backup roll 408 via the intermediate transfer belt 409.

  By applying a secondary transfer bias having a reverse polarity to the toner on the intermediate transfer member to the secondary transfer roll 413, the toner is secondarily transferred from the intermediate transfer belt to the recording medium. The intermediate transfer belt 409 that has passed between the backup roll 408 and the secondary transfer roll 413 is cleaned by, for example, a cleaning blade 416 disposed near the drive roll 406 or a static eliminator (not shown). It is repeatedly used for the next image forming process. In addition, a tray (transfer object tray) 411 is provided at a predetermined position in the housing 400, and the transfer object 500 such as paper in the tray 411 is transferred to the intermediate transfer belt 409 and the secondary transfer belt 412. After being sequentially transferred between the transfer roll 413 and between the two fixing rolls 414 that are in contact with each other, the paper is discharged outside the housing 400.

<Image forming method>
The image forming method according to the present embodiment includes an electrostatic charge image forming step of forming an electrostatic charge image on a latent image holding member, and developing the electrostatic charge image with the developer for developing an electrostatic charge image according to the present embodiment. A development step for forming a toner image; a transfer step for transferring the toner image onto a transfer medium with or without an intermediate transfer member; and a fixing step for fixing the toner image on the transfer target body. . The developer may be either a one-component system or a two-component system.

  As each of the above steps, a known step in the image forming method is used.

  As the latent image holding member, for example, an electrophotographic photosensitive member and a dielectric recording member are used. In the case of an electrophotographic photosensitive member, the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member is charged by a corotron charger, a contact charger or the like and then exposed to form an electrostatic charge image (electrostatic charge image forming step). Next, the toner particles are attached to the electrostatic charge image by contacting or approaching with a developing roll having a developer layer formed on the surface, and a toner image is formed on the electrophotographic photosensitive member (developing step). The formed toner image is transferred onto the surface of a transfer medium such as paper using a corotron charger or the like (transfer process). Further, if necessary, the toner image transferred to the surface of the transfer material is heat-fixed by a fixing device to form a final toner image.

  Note that a release agent may be supplied to a fixing member in the fixing device in order to prevent an offset or the like at the time of heat fixing by the fixing device.

  The method for supplying the release agent to the surface of the roller or belt, which is a fixing member used for heat fixing, is not particularly limited. For example, a pad method using a pad impregnated with a liquid release agent, a web method, a roller method. Non-contact type shower method (spray method) and the like, among which the web method and roller method are desirable. These methods are advantageous in that the release agent can be supplied uniformly and it is easy to control the supply amount. In order to supply the release agent uniformly to the entire fixing member by a shower method, it is necessary to use a separate blade or the like.

  Examples of the transfer target (recording material) to which the toner image is transferred include plain paper, OHP sheet, and the like used in electrophotographic copying machines, printers, and the like.

Hereinafter, although an Example and a comparative example are given and this embodiment is described in detail in detail, this embodiment is not limited to the following examples. Unless otherwise specified, “part” and “%” are based on mass. In the examples, the total amount of chlorine-substituted benzene derivative (containing) in the toner means the content of all types of chlorine-substituted benzene derivatives.

-Particle size and particle size distribution measurement method-
The particle size (also referred to as “particle size”) and particle size distribution measurement (also referred to as “particle size distribution measurement”) will be described.

  When the particle diameter to be measured was 2 μm or more, Coulter Multisizer-II type (manufactured by Coulter) was used as the measuring apparatus, and ISOTON-II (manufactured by Coulter) was used as the electrolyte.

  As a measurement method, 0.5 to 50 mg of a measurement sample is added to 2 mL of a 5% aqueous solution of a surfactant as a dispersant, preferably sodium alkylbenzenesulfonate. This was added to 100 mL of the electrolyte solution.

  The electrolyte in which the sample was suspended was dispersed for 1 minute with an ultrasonic disperser, and the particle size distribution of particles of 2 to 60 μm was measured with a Coulter Multisizer-II type using an aperture diameter of 100 μm to obtain a volume average. Distribution and number average distribution were obtained. The number of particles to be measured was 50,000.

  The particle size distribution of the toner was determined by the following method. For the particle size range (channel) obtained by dividing the measured particle size distribution, draw the volume cumulative distribution from the smaller particle size, define the cumulative volume particle size to be 16% cumulative as D16v, and the cumulative volume to be 50% cumulative. The particle size is defined as D50v. Further, the cumulative volume particle size that is 84% cumulative is defined as D84v.

The volume average particle diameter in the present embodiment is D50v, and the volume average particle size index GSDv is calculated by the following equation.
Formula: GSDv = {(D84v) / (D16v)} ^0.5

  Moreover, when the particle diameter to measure was less than 2 micrometers, it measured using the laser diffraction type particle size distribution measuring apparatus (LA-700: made by Horiba, Ltd.). As a measuring method, a sample in a dispersion is adjusted to 2 g in solid content, and ion exchange water is added thereto to make 40 mL. This is put into a cell until an appropriate concentration is obtained, and after waiting for 2 minutes, the concentration is measured when the concentration in the cell becomes almost stable. The volume average particle diameter of each obtained channel was accumulated from the smaller volume average particle diameter, and the volume average particle diameter was determined to be 50%.

  When measuring a powder such as an external additive, 2 g of a measurement sample is added to 50 mL of a 5% aqueous solution of a surfactant, preferably sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate, and 2 with an ultrasonic disperser (1,000 Hz). A sample was prepared by dispersing for a minute, and the measurement was performed in the same manner as the above dispersion.

-Method for measuring molecular weight and molecular weight distribution-
The molecular weight distribution is performed under the following conditions. GPC uses “HLC-8120GPC, SC-8020 (manufactured by Tosoh Corporation)” apparatus, and two columns use “TSKgel, SuperHM-H (manufactured by Tosoh Corporation, 6.0 mm ID × 15 cm)”. , THF (tetrahydrofuran) was used as an eluent. As experimental conditions, the sample concentration was 0.5%, the flow rate was 0.6 mL / min, the sample injection amount was 10 μl, the measurement temperature was 40 ° C., and the experiment was performed using an IR detector. The calibration curve is “polystylen standard sample TSK standard” manufactured by Tosoh Corporation: “A-500”, “F-1”, “F-10”, “F-80”, “F-380”, “A-2500”. ”,“ F-4 ”,“ F-40 ”,“ F-128 ”, and“ F-700 ”.

-Measurement of total chlorine-substituted benzene derivative content in toner-
I. GC / MS measurement conditions:
Gas chromatograph (GC): HP6890 (manufactured by Agilent)
Mass spectrometer (MS): Autospec-Ultima (manufactured by Micromass)
Column: ENV-5MS (inner diameter: 0.25 mm, length: 30 m, film thickness: 0.25 μm, manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Inc.)
Inlet temperature: 280 ° C
Carrier gas: Helium (1.5 mL / min, constant flow mode)
Injection volume: 10 μL (splitless)
Transfer line temperature: 280 ° C
Ionization method: Electron impact ionization method Ion detection method: Selected ion detection (SIM) method by rock mass method

II. Measuring method:
1.0 g of toner was dissolved in sulfuric acid to a constant volume of 50 mL. 1 mL was collected, 4 mL of hexane and a clean-up spike were added in known amounts, followed by liquid / liquid extraction to separate the hexane layer. This operation was repeated twice, and the resulting hexane layer was concentrated to 1 mL, and then cleaned up using a silica gel cartridge (Spelcoline LC-Si 6 mL Glass Tube, 1 g, manufactured by Spelco). After concentrating 10 mL of the obtained hexane eluate, a syringe spike internal standard substance was added to make 50 μL to obtain an analytical test solution, which was quantified by a calibration curve.

-Measuring method of glass transition temperature and melting temperature-
The glass transition temperature and the melting temperature were determined by a DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimeter) measurement method, and were determined from the main maximum peak measured according to ASTM D3418-8.
DSC-7 manufactured by Perkin Elmer may be used for measurement of the main maximum peak. The temperature correction of the detection part of this apparatus uses the melting temperature of indium and zinc, and the correction of heat uses the heat of fusion of indium. As the sample, an aluminum pan was used, an empty pan was set as a control, and the measurement was performed at a heating rate of 10 ° C./min.

(Method for producing treated pigment 1)
1 part of Pigment Green 7 (manufactured by BASF) was dispersed in 100 parts of acetone and stirred for 1 hour, followed by filtration. This process was repeated three times to obtain treated pigment 1.

(Method for producing treated pigment 2)
Tetrahydrofuran and 100 parts of toluene 1: 1 solvent were added to 1 part of treated pigment 1, and the mixture was stirred for 1 hour and filtered. This process was repeated twice to obtain treated pigment 2.

(Method for producing treated pigment 3)
Tetrahydrofuran and 100 parts of toluene (1: 1 solvent) were added to 1 part of treated pigment 2, and the mixture was stirred for 1 hour at the maximum output of an ultrasonic disperser (manufactured by Sonic Technology Inc .: GSD1200AT), followed by filtration. Thereafter, the treated pigment 3 was obtained by drying.

(Method for producing treated pigment 4)
The dispersion conditions used in the preparation of the treated pigment 3 were repeated again for the treated pigment 3 to obtain a treated pigment 4.

(Method for producing treated pigment 5)
To 1 part of treated pigment 2, 100 parts of tetrahydrofuran and toluene 1: 1 solvent were added, and the ultrasonic disperser used in treated pigment 3 was stirred at maximum output for 1 hour, and then subjected to Soxhlet extraction for 2 hours. After filtration, 100 parts of tetrahydrofuran was added and stirred for 1 hour, followed by filtration. Thereafter, the treated pigment 5 was obtained by drying.

(Method for producing treated pigment 6)
A treated pigment 6 was produced in the same manner as the treated pigment 5 except that the Soxhlet extraction of the treated pigment 5 was performed for 24 hours.

(Method for producing treated pigment 7)
A treated pigment 7 was produced in the same manner as the treated pigment 5 except that the Soxhlet extraction of the treated pigment 5 was performed for 30 hours.

(Method for producing treated pigment 8)
A treated pigment 8 was prepared in the same manner as the treated pigment 4 except that the treated pigment was changed from Pigment Green 7 to Pigment Green 36 (manufactured by BASF).

(Method for producing treated pigment 9)
A treated pigment 9 was prepared in the same manner as the treated pigment 4 except that the treated pigment was changed from Pigment Green 7 to Pigment Orange 61 (Ciba).

[Method for Producing Toner 1]
<Synthesis of polyester resin (A)>
Bisphenol A ethylene oxide 2 mol adduct: 15 mol%
Bisphenol A propylene oxide 2 mol adduct: 35 mol%
Terephthalic acid: 50 mol%
A monomer having the above composition ratio is charged into a 5 liter flask equipped with a stirrer, nitrogen inlet tube, temperature sensor, and rectifying column, and the temperature is raised to 190 ° C. over 1 hour, so that the reaction system does not vary. After confirming the stirring, the total amount of the above three components was taken as 100 parts, and 1.0% of titanium tetraethoxide was added to 100 parts. Further, while distilling off the generated water, it took 6 hours from the same temperature to raise the temperature to 240 ° C., and continued the dehydration condensation reaction at 240 ° C. for another 2.5 hours, with a glass transition temperature of 63 ° C. and a weight average molecular weight. A polyester resin (A) having (Mw) 17000 was obtained.

(Preparation of polyester resin (A) dispersion)
Polyester resin (A): 100 parts Solvent 1: Ethyl acetate: 40 parts Solvent 2: 2-butanol: 25 parts Alkali: 10% aqueous ammonia solution: 5 parts Distilled water: 400 parts Temperature control and nitrogen substitution 100 parts of the polyester resin (A) was put into a possible container, dissolved in a liquid in which 40 parts of solvent 1 and 25 parts of solvent 2 were mixed, and then alkali was added and stirred for 30 minutes.
Next, the container was replaced with dry nitrogen, the temperature was set to 40 ° C., and emulsification was performed by dropping 400 parts of distilled water at a rate of 2 parts / minute while stirring.
After completion of the dropwise addition, the emulsion was returned to room temperature and bubbled with dry nitrogen for 48 hours while stirring to reduce solvent 1 and solvent 2 to 1,000 ppm or less, thereby obtaining a polyester resin (A) dispersion.

(Preparation of treated pigment dispersion 1)
Treatment pigment 4: 60 parts Nonionic surfactant (Nonipol 400: manufactured by Sanyo Chemical Co., Ltd.): 5 parts Ion-exchanged water: 240 parts The above ingredients are mixed, dissolved, and homogenizer (Ultra Turrax T50) : Manufactured by IKA Co., Ltd.) for 10 minutes, and then dispersed for 10 minutes with an optimizer to prepare a treated pigment dispersion 1 in which colorant particles having an average particle diameter of 250 nm are dispersed.

(Preparation of release agent dispersion)
Paraffin wax (FNP92: Nippon Seiwa Co., Ltd., melting temperature 92 ° C.): 100 parts Cationic surfactant (Sanisol B50: Kao Corporation): 5 parts Ion-exchanged water: 300 parts or more The components were dispersed in a round stainless steel flask using a homogenizer (Ultra Turrax T50: manufactured by IKA) for 10 minutes, and then dispersed with a pressure discharge type homogenizer, and a release agent having an average particle diameter of 350 nm. A release agent dispersion in which particles were dispersed was prepared.

(Toner mother particle preparation method)
-Polyester resin (A) dispersion: 325 parts-Treated pigment dispersion 1: 25 parts-Release agent dispersion: 40 parts-Cationic surfactant (Sanisol B50: manufactured by Kao Corporation): 1.5 parts The above components were placed in a round stainless steel flask, adjusted to pH 3.5 by adding 0.1 N sulfuric acid, and then 30 parts of a nitric acid aqueous solution having a concentration of polyaluminum chloride as a flocculant of 10%. Was added. Thereafter, the mixture was dispersed at 30 ° C. using a homogenizer (manufactured by IKA, Ultra Turrax T50), and then heated to 45 ° C. in an oil bath for heating. After maintaining the obtained particle dispersion at 45 ° C. for 30 minutes, 100 parts of the polyester resin (A) dispersion is gently added and maintained for 1 hour, and 0.1N sodium hydroxide is added to adjust the pH. After adjusting to 8.5, it heated to 85 degreeC, continuing stirring, and hold | maintained for 5 hours. Thereafter, the toner was cooled to 20 ° C. at a rate of 20 ° C./min, cooled, filtered, sufficiently washed with ion exchange water, and dried to obtain toner base particles. Toner 1 was obtained by mixing 100 parts of the toner base particles and 0.7 part of dimethyl silicone oil-treated silica particles (manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd., trade name: RY200, average particle size 12 nm) with a Henschel mixer. The total chlorine-substituted benzene derivative content in the toner was 1.0 ppb.

[Production Method of Toner 2]
Toner 2 was obtained in accordance with the production method of toner 1 except that treated pigment 4 was changed to treated pigment 3. The total chlorine-substituted benzene derivative content in the toner was 3.0 ppb.

[Production Method of Toner 3]
Toner 3 was obtained in accordance with the production method of toner 1 except that treated pigment 4 was changed to treated pigment 2. The total chlorine-substituted benzene derivative content in the toner was 10.0 ppb.

[Production Method of Toner 4]
Toner 4 was obtained in accordance with the production method of toner 1 except that treated pigment 4 was changed to treated pigment 5. The total chlorine-substituted benzene derivative content in the toner was 0.1 ppb.

[Method for Producing Toner 5]
A toner 5 was obtained in accordance with the production method of the toner 1 except that the treated pigment 4 was changed to the treated pigment 6. The total chlorine-substituted benzene derivative content in the toner was 0.01 ppb.

[Method for Manufacturing Toner 6]
Toner 6 was obtained in accordance with the production method of toner 1 except that treated pigment 4 was changed to treated pigment 1. The total chlorine-substituted benzene derivative content in the toner was 50 ppb.

[Production Method of Toner 7]
Toner 7 was obtained in accordance with the production method of toner 1 except that treated pigment 4 was changed to treated pigment 7. The total chlorine-substituted benzene derivative content in the toner was 0.008 ppb.

[Method for Producing Toner 8]
Toner 8 was obtained in accordance with the manufacturing method of toner 1 except that treated pigment 4 was changed to treated pigment 8. The total chlorine-substituted benzene derivative content in the toner was 1.0 ppb.

[Method for Producing Toner 9]
A toner 9 was obtained in accordance with the production method of the toner 1 except that the treated pigment 4 was changed to the treated pigment 9. The total chlorine-substituted benzene derivative content in the toner was 1.0 ppb.

[Method for Manufacturing Toner 10]
Except for changing paraffin wax (FNP92: manufactured by Nippon Seiwa Co., Ltd., melting temperature: 92 ° C.) to paraffin wax (HNP3: manufactured by Nippon Seiwa Co., Ltd., melting temperature: 60 ° C.), conforms to the manufacturing method of toner 1. Thus, toner 10 was obtained. The total chlorine-substituted benzene derivative content in the toner was 1.0 ppb.

[Method for Manufacturing Toner 11]
Except for changing paraffin wax (FNP92: Nippon Seiwa Co., Ltd., melting temperature: 92 ° C.) to paraffin wax (FNP100: Nihon Seiwa Co., Ltd., melting temperature: 100 ° C.) Thus, toner 11 was obtained. The total chlorine-substituted benzene derivative content in the toner was 1.0 ppb.

[Production Method of Toner 12]
Toner 12 in accordance with the production method of toner 1 except that the paraffin wax (FNP92: manufactured by Nippon Seiwa Co., Ltd., melting temperature 92 ° C.) is changed to Kao wax 220 (manufactured by Kao Corporation, melting temperature 57 ° C.). Got. The total chlorine-substituted benzene derivative content in the toner was 1.0 ppb.

[Method for Producing Toner 13]
Except for changing the paraffin wax (FNP92: manufactured by Nippon Seiwa Co., Ltd., melting temperature: 92 ° C.) to Neowax E-20 (manufactured by Yasue Oil Co., Ltd., melting temperature: 102 ° C.) Toner 13 was obtained. The total chlorine-substituted benzene derivative content in the toner was 1.0 ppb.

[Method for Producing Toner 14]
-Binder resin (polyester resin (A)): 89 parts-Paraffin wax FNP92 (melting temperature 92 ° C, manufactured by Nippon Seiki Co., Ltd.): 6 parts-Treated pigment 4: 5 parts The above mixture is heat-kneaded with an extruder and cooled. After that, coarsely pulverized, finely pulverized with a jet mill, and then classified with air to obtain toner base particles having D50v = 7.0 μm.

  Toner 14 was obtained by mixing 100 parts of the toner base particles and 0.7 part of dimethyl silicone oil-treated silica particles (manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd., trade name: RY200, average particle size 12 nm) with a Henschel mixer. The amount of total chlorine-substituted benzene derivative in the toner was 1.0 ppb.

[Method for Manufacturing Toner 15]
A toner 15 was obtained in the same manner as the production method of the toner 14 except that the treated pigment 1 was used instead of the treated pigment 4 used in the toner 14. The total chlorine-substituted benzene derivative content in the toner was 50 ppb.

[Production of developer]
The toner 1 to the toner 15 and a polymethyl methacrylate resin (manufactured by Soken Chemical Co., Ltd .: Mw 70000) coated ferrite carrier were mixed to prepare the developer 15 from the developer 1 having a toner concentration of 7%.

[Evaluation method]
The developer was allowed to stand for one week under an air temperature of 30 ° C. and a humidity of 85 RH%. Using this, a DocuPrint C1616 (Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd.) remodeling machine is used to output an image with a toner paste amount of 6 g / m ^{2 on} A4 paper (P paper, Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd.). By the evaluation method, gloss unevenness and release agent shape uniformity were evaluated.

<Gloss unevenness>
The 60 ° gloss was measured with a gloss meter (Micro Trigloss, manufactured by BYK-GARDNER). Gloss was measured at 10 points at random and the difference between the maximum and minimum values was determined. The results are shown in Table 1. A level of 5.0 or less was set as a problem-free level. However, it goes without saying that a smaller value is better, and when it is 3.0 or less, the gloss unevenness is at a level that cannot be visually confirmed.

<Shape release agent uniformity>
The cross section of the image was observed with TEM, and the uniformity of the release agent shape was visually evaluated according to the following criteria. The results are shown in Table 1.
A: The number of release agents other than the spherical shape is 5 or less in 100 release agents.
Δ: Out of 100 release agents, the number of release agents other than spherical is 6 or more and less than 9.
X: In 100 release agents, the number of release agents other than the spherical shape exceeds 10.

  200 Image forming apparatus, 400 housing, 401a to 401d electrophotographic photosensitive member, 402a to 402d charging roll, 403 exposure apparatus, 404a to 404d developing apparatus, 405a to 405d toner cartridge, 406 drive roll, 407 tension roll, 408 backup roll, 409 Intermediate transfer belt, 410a to 410d Primary transfer roll, 411 Tray (transfer target tray), 412 Transfer roll, 413 Secondary transfer roll, 414 Fixing roll, 415a to 415d, 416 Cleaning blade, 500 Transfer target.

Claims (7)

At least contains the type of the release agent, the electrostatic charge image developing content of all types of chlorine-substituted benzene derivatives is less than 10ppb or 0.01ppb binder resin and the melting temperature is 60 ° C. or higher 100 ° C. or less Toner. The toner according to claim 1 all types of content is less 3ppb than 0.1ppb before Kishio containing substituted benzene derivatives.   An electrostatic charge image developing developer comprising the electrostatic charge image developing toner according to claim 1.   A toner cartridge containing the electrostatic image developing toner according to claim 1. A developing means for accommodating the developer for developing an electrostatic image according to claim 3 and developing a toner image by developing the electrostatic image formed on the latent image holding member with the developer for developing an electrostatic image. Prepared,
A process cartridge attached to and detached from the image forming apparatus.   An electrostatic charge image forming step of forming an electrostatic charge image on the latent image holding member; a developing step of developing the electrostatic charge image with the developer for developing an electrostatic charge image according to claim 3 to form a toner image; An image forming method comprising: a transfer step of transferring the toner image onto a transfer target material with or without an intermediate transfer member; and a fixing step of fixing the toner image on the transfer target member.   A toner image obtained by developing the latent image holding member, an electrostatic charge image forming unit for forming an electrostatic charge image on the latent image holding member, and developing the electrostatic charge image with the developer for developing an electrostatic charge image according to claim 3. An image forming apparatus comprising: a developing unit that forms a toner image; a transfer unit that transfers the toner image onto a transfer medium with or without an intermediate transfer body; and a fixing unit that fixes the toner image on the transfer medium. Forming equipment.