JP5509633B2 - Electrophoresis equipment, electronic equipment - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an electrophoresis apparatus and an electronic apparatus using the same.

  2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, an electrophoretic apparatus has attracted attention as one of technologies that can realize a display device (so-called electronic paper) that is thin enough to be handled in the same manner as paper (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2). Among such electrophoretic devices, there has been proposed an apparatus configured to be able to write a desired character, figure or the like in an image by tracing on the screen using a touch pen or the like. For example, such a writable electrophoresis apparatus is realized by providing detection means such as a touch panel on the display screen.

  However, it has been pointed out that in a conventional electrophoresis apparatus configured to be writable, the rewriting speed of written characters or the like is slower than that of a liquid crystal apparatus or the like that is also configured to be writable. . Specifically, when a character is written with a touch pen or a finger, character information is detected by detection means such as pressure, electromagnetic waves, and ultrasonic waves, and the display image is rewritten by generating image data. It passes. In order to pass through these processes, it takes a processing time from when a character or the like is input until it is reflected in the display image. For this reason, characters written by the user do not appear on the screen immediately, and a time lag occurs, causing the user to feel uncomfortable.

Japanese National Patent Publication No. 11-502950 JP 2007-279296 A

  A specific aspect of the present invention is to provide an electrophoretic device that can reflect an input of characters or the like on a display image at a higher speed.

An electrophoresis device according to an aspect of the present invention includes a plurality of first electrodes, a second electrode disposed to face each of the plurality of first electrodes, the plurality of first electrodes, and the second electrode. An electrophoretic material layer including a plurality of electrophoretic materials disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, the second electrode having a plurality of discretely disposed openings, Each has a smaller area in plan view than each of the plurality of first electrodes, and the electrophoretic material layer is at least part of the plurality of electrophoretic materials according to the voltage applied to the electrophoretic material layer through the opening. Is an electrophoresis apparatus that is adapted to move .

According to this configuration, by applying a voltage to the second electrode side, a voltage can be directly applied to the electrophoretic material layer through the opening, and the electrophoretic material can be migrated. That is, an image can be directly written without going through the steps from input to conversion to a display image. By applying a voltage to the second electrode and writing characters or the like directly, it is possible to realize an electrophoresis apparatus capable of reflecting the input of characters or the like on the display image at a higher speed.

  Preferably, for example, the same number of the plurality of openings may be provided in each of the plurality of first electrodes.

  As a result, it is expected that information such as characters directly written through the opening can be displayed more uniformly.

  The plurality of openings are preferably provided at positions facing each of the plurality of first electrodes.

  This is convenient for erasing the image written through the opening. That is, if an opening is provided at a position not facing the first electrode, it may be difficult to erase the image of the electrophoretic material layer in a region corresponding to the opening, but such inconvenience is avoided. Is done.

  In addition, the electrophoresis apparatus according to the present invention preferably further includes a plurality of third electrodes arranged so as to overlap each of the plurality of openings. In this case, each of the plurality of third electrodes is provided physically separated from the second electrode.

  By using such a third electrode, the particles in the electrophoretic material layer can be migrated more efficiently by the voltage applied to the second electrode side.

  The electrophoretic device according to the present invention preferably further includes an insulating protective film that covers the second electrode.

  Thereby, the reliability of the electrophoresis apparatus is further improved.

The electrophoretic device according to the present invention further comprises control means for controlling a voltage applied to each of the plurality of first electrodes and the second electrode, and the control means is applied with a voltage through the opening. it is preferable that the said second electrode and each of the plurality of first electrodes at the same potential at that time.

  Thereby, the particles in the electrophoretic material layer can be migrated more efficiently by the voltage applied to the second electrode side.

Further, the electrophoresis apparatus according to the present invention, have a function of generating a voltage from one end, a rod-like input means for applying a voltage to the electrophoretic material layer through said opening, preferably further comprises a.

  According to such an input unit, direct information writing through each opening or each third electrode can be easily realized.

The voltage applied to the electrophoretic material layer through the opening may be a DC voltage, for example. The voltage applied to the electrophoretic material layer through the opening may be a voltage whose value fluctuates periodically, such as a sawtooth voltage.

  According to these, it is possible to efficiently apply a voltage necessary for performing direct information writing through each opening or each third electrode to the electrophoretic material layer.

  Moreover, an electronic apparatus according to the present invention includes the above-described electrophoresis apparatus. Here, the “electronic device” includes all devices including a display unit that uses display by an electrophoretic material, and includes a display device, a television device, electronic paper, a clock, a calculator, a mobile phone, a portable information terminal, and the like. Including. Also, things that deviate from the concept of “equipment”, for example, flexible paper / film-like objects, belonging to real estate such as wall surfaces to which these objects are attached, moving objects such as vehicles, flying objects, ships, etc. Including those belonging to.

It is a circuit diagram showing typically the composition of the electrophoresis device concerning a 1st embodiment. It is a circuit diagram which shows the structure of the pixel part which concerns on 1st Embodiment. It is sectional drawing which showed typically the cross section of the electrophoresis apparatus which concerns on 1st Embodiment. It is the top view which showed typically the structure of the common electrode of the electrophoresis apparatus which concerns on 1st Embodiment. It is the top view which showed typically an example of the normal image display state in the electrophoresis apparatus of 1st Embodiment. FIG. 3 is a plan view schematically showing an example of an image display state when direct writing is performed with a touch pen in the electrophoresis apparatus of the first embodiment. It is sectional drawing which showed typically the cross section of the electrophoresis apparatus which concerns on 2nd Embodiment. It is the top view which showed typically the structure of the common electrode of the electrophoresis apparatus which concerns on 2nd Embodiment. It is sectional drawing which showed typically the cross section of the electrophoresis apparatus which concerns on 3rd Embodiment. It is sectional drawing which showed typically the cross section of the electrophoresis apparatus which concerns on 3rd Embodiment. It is sectional drawing which showed typically the cross section of the electrophoresis apparatus which concerns on 3rd Embodiment. It is sectional drawing which showed typically the cross section of the electrophoresis apparatus which concerns on 3rd Embodiment. It is a wave form diagram explaining a suitable example of the drive method of an electrophoresis apparatus. It is a wave form diagram explaining the other suitable example of the drive method of an electrophoresis apparatus. It is a perspective view explaining the specific example of the electronic device to which the electrophoresis apparatus is applied.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
In the following description of the drawings, the same or similar parts are denoted by the same or similar reference numerals. However, the drawings are schematic. Therefore, specific dimensions and the like should be determined in light of the following description. Moreover, it is a matter of course that portions having different dimensional relationships and ratios are included between the drawings.
Further, the following description is only one embodiment to which the present invention is applied, and the scope of application of the present invention is not limited only to the following embodiment.

(First embodiment)
FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram schematically showing the configuration of the electrophoresis apparatus according to the first embodiment. The electrophoretic device according to the present embodiment includes a plurality of pixel units (pixel circuits) 100 arranged in a matrix. By controlling the state of the electrophoretic element 105 included in each pixel unit 100, the reflectance (in other words, gradation) of external light in each pixel unit 100 can be controlled. Thereby, an image visible from the outside is formed.

  The configuration of the electrophoresis apparatus will be further described based on FIG. The electrophoresis apparatus according to this embodiment corresponds to a plurality of scanning lines 101, a plurality of data lines 102 arranged so as to intersect with these scanning lines 101, and respective intersections of these scanning lines 101 and data lines 102. In addition, each pixel unit 100, each scanning unit 101 connected to each pixel unit 100 through each scanning line 101, and each pixel unit 100 through each data line 102 And a connected data driver (data line driving circuit) 140.

  FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram illustrating a configuration of the pixel unit 100 according to the first embodiment. Each pixel unit 100 includes a transistor 103 as a switching element, a capacitor element 104, and an electrophoretic element 105. The transistor 103 receives a scan signal from the scan line driver 130 through the scan line 101 connected to the gate, and receives a data signal from the data driver through the data line 102 connected to the source. The transistor 103 is an organic semiconductor film (organic transistor), for example. Also. The transistor 103 in this embodiment is a P-channel transistor. The capacitor 104 has one terminal connected to the drain of the transistor 103 and the other terminal connected to the capacitor line 106.

  The electrophoretic element 105 includes a common electrode 110, a pixel electrode 111, and an electrophoretic layer (electrophoretic material layer) 112 provided between the common electrode 110 and the pixel electrode 111. A pixel electrode (first electrode) 111 as one terminal is connected to the drain of the transistor 103, and a common electrode (second electrode) 110 as the other terminal is connected to a power supply circuit (not shown). In the present embodiment, the same potential is applied to the common electrode 110 and the capacitor line 106 described above. The common electrode 110 is formed over each electrophoretic element 105 corresponding to each pixel unit 100, and is shared between them. The electrophoretic layer 112 contains a large number of black particles (first particles) and white particles (second particles). In the present embodiment, the black particles are charged negative (negative), and the white particles are charged positive (positive). In the illustrated example, a microcapsule type electrophoretic layer is shown, but the embodiment of the electrophoretic layer is not limited thereto. For example, the electrophoretic layer 112 may have a partition configuration.

  FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a cross section of the electrophoresis apparatus according to the first embodiment. As shown in FIG. 3, the common electrode 110 is disposed to face each of the pixel electrodes 111. At least the common electrode 110 is configured using a transparent conductive film such as an ITO (indium tin oxide) film. Each pixel electrode 111 is provided on a substrate 120 on which a pixel circuit 100 such as a transistor 103 and other wirings are formed. The electrophoretic layer 112 is disposed between the common electrode 110 and each pixel electrode 111. In the present embodiment, it is assumed that image formation is performed so as to be visible from the common electrode 110 side. In addition, the common electrode 110 has a plurality of openings 114 arranged in a discrete manner. Details of the opening 114 will be described later.

  As shown in FIG. 1, in the electrophoresis device according to the first embodiment, the pixel circuit 100 (mainly the transistor 103), the scanning line driver 130, and the data driver 140 as the control unit described above are used to connect the common electrode 110 and each of the electrodes. The voltage applied to each pixel electrode 111 is controlled. For example, when the pixel electrode 111 is controlled to have a relatively low potential with respect to the common electrode 110, a region (that is, a pixel) corresponding to the pixel electrode 111 is viewed from the common electrode 110 side. The display becomes black (dark). In addition, when the pixel electrode 111 is controlled to have a relatively high potential with respect to the common electrode 110, a region (that is, a pixel) corresponding to the pixel electrode 111 is viewed from the common electrode 110 side. The display is white (bright). As an example of the voltage to be applied, either a high potential (HI; for example, + 30V) or a low potential (LO; for example, 0V) is applied to each pixel electrode 111, and for example, 1/2 (HI + LO) is applied to the common electrode 110. ) An intermediate potential of V (for example, + 15V) is applied.

  The dispersion medium and the electrophoretic particles of the electrophoretic layer 112 can be realized by employing a known technique (see, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2007-2113014). Note that the color tone of each particle is arbitrary, and the combination of black and white in this embodiment is merely an example. Moreover, it is sufficient that at least one kind of electrophoretic particles is contained.

  FIG. 4 is a plan view schematically showing the structure of the common electrode 110 of the electrophoresis apparatus according to the first embodiment. As shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 3 described above, the common electrode 110 in the electrophoresis apparatus of the present embodiment is provided with a plurality of openings (non-electrode portions) 114. The common electrode 110 having these openings 114 can be formed on the electrophoretic layer 112 by a known technique such as a photolithography method, a printing method, or a mask vapor deposition method. In FIG. 4, only some of the pixel electrodes 111 and the openings 114 are denoted by reference numerals and the others are omitted in order to avoid making the drawing complicated.

  As shown in FIG. 4, each of the plurality of openings 114 is provided with a smaller area in plan view than each of the pixel electrodes 111. The image display for each pixel circuit (for example, whether it is a bright state or a dark state) is defined by the voltage between the common electrode 110 and the pixel electrode 111. By thus forming the area of the opening 114 in a limited manner, the electric lines of force generated between the common electrode 110 and the pixel electrode 111 can be extended to the area of the opening 114 when no voltage is applied by the touch pen. Thus, the electrophoretic particles can be moved effectively. Further, when a voltage is applied by the touch pen, a voltage described later is applied to a partial region of the pixel electrode 111, that is, the opening 114 to partially move the electrophoretic particles, and a part of the image display is converted to a character or the like. It becomes possible to rewrite with. The openings 114 are discretely arranged over the entire common electrode 110, and each opening 114 is provided at a position facing one of the pixel electrodes 111. With this configuration, voltage can be applied to any of the pixel circuits, so that characters and the like can be written on the entire image display surface. Furthermore, the same number of openings 114 is associated with each pixel electrode 111 (four in this example). With this configuration, it is possible to write characters or the like at the same density for any pixel. The configuration of the opening 114 described here is an example, and the present invention is not limited to this. Further, the shape of the opening 114 is not limited to a quadrangle.

  By providing a plurality of openings 114 as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 in the common electrode 110, the user can directly use the touch pen (bar-shaped input means) 200 to directly write characters and the like in the electrophoretic layer 112. Can be written to. Specifically, a relatively high voltage (a positive voltage in this example) is generated from one end side 201 of the touch pen 200, and the one end side 201 of the touch pen 200 is moved closer to the common electrode 110 and arbitrarily moved. At this time, a voltage (plus voltage) is directly applied to the electrophoretic layer 112 through each opening 114, and negatively charged black particles can be migrated to the common electrode 110 side. As a result, image writing is directly performed on the electrophoretic layer 112 in the area where the touch pen 200 is approaching, and the area is displayed in black. That is, an image corresponding to a character or the like traced by the user with the touch pen 200 is displayed. The voltage generated from the one end side 201 of the touch pen 200 may be a DC voltage or a pulsed voltage that varies periodically. Details of the drive waveform will be described later.

  As a more preferable mode, when writing with the touch pen 200, the pixel circuit 100 (mainly the transistor 103), the scanning line driver 130, and the data driver 140 as the above-described control means are used for the common electrode 110 and each pixel electrode 111. It is conceivable to make each voltage the same (the same potential). Thereby, the image written by the touch pen 200 becomes clearer. Note that the same potential is not necessarily required.

  FIG. 5 is a plan view schematically showing an example of a normal image display state in the electrophoresis apparatus of the first embodiment. As shown in FIG. 5, in normal image display, the display state is controlled for each pixel electrode 111. For example, in the illustrated example, the area corresponding to the five pixel electrodes 111 in the second row and the pixel electrodes 111 in the third column of the third, fourth, and fifth rows are controlled to display black, and as a result A T-shaped image is formed. At this time, since no potential difference can be given between each opening 114 and the common electrode 110, strictly speaking, it can be said that display control is difficult. However, as described above, the lines of electric force generated between the pixel electrode 111 and the common electrode 110 around each opening 114 are generally formed so as to swell more than the region immediately above the pixel electrode 111. In 114, display control can be realized. For this reason, even if the opening 114 is provided, it is possible to display an image that is practically acceptable. In this sense, it is preferable that the size of each opening 114 is, for example, one side within 100 μm (when the shape of the opening 114 is a square).

  FIG. 6 is a plan view schematically showing an example of an image display state when direct writing is performed with a touch pen in the electrophoresis apparatus of the first embodiment. As shown in the figure, when direct writing is performed with the touch pen 200, the black particles that are negatively charged as described above are attracted to the opening 114 where the one end 201 of the touch pen 200 approaches, thereby controlling the black display. Is done. In the illustrated example, the display is traced by the touch pen 200 from the upper left to the lower right, and the black display is controlled at the opening 114 corresponding to the trace.

  According to the electrophoresis apparatus of the first embodiment as described above, it is possible to directly write characters or the like using an input unit such as a touch pen. Therefore, an electrophoretic device that can reflect input of characters or the like on a display image at higher speed is realized. In this embodiment and other embodiments described later, since it is not necessary to separately provide a detection means such as a touch panel, the configuration can be greatly simplified as compared with the prior art.

(Second Embodiment)
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a cross section of the electrophoresis apparatus according to the second embodiment. In addition, the same code | symbol is used about the element which is common in the electrophoresis apparatus of the said 1st Embodiment, and detailed description is abbreviate | omitted about them. In the electrophoresis apparatus of the second embodiment, each opening 114 provided in the common electrode 110 is provided with an independent electrode (third electrode) 115 arranged so as to overlap the opening 114. This is greatly different from the first embodiment.

  Each independent electrode 115 is physically separated from the common electrode 110 and is electrically independent of the common electrode 110 and other components. Each independent electrode 115 is disposed in the same layer as the common electrode 110. Each independent electrode 115 is configured using a transparent conductive film such as an ITO (indium tin oxide) film. The common electrode 110 having the opening 114 and the independent electrode 115 can be formed on the electrophoretic layer 112 by a known technique such as a photolithography method, a printing method, or a mask vapor deposition method.

  FIG. 8 is a plan view schematically showing the structure of the common electrode 110 of the electrophoresis apparatus according to the second embodiment. In FIG. 8, only some of the pixel electrodes 111, the openings 114, and the independent electrodes 115 are denoted by reference numerals in order to avoid making the drawing complicated, and the others are omitted. As shown in FIG. 8, each independent electrode 115 is formed corresponding to each of the plurality of openings 114. Thereby, each independent electrode 115 is discretely arranged over the entire common electrode 110. These independent electrodes 115 are provided at positions facing each of the pixel electrodes 111. Furthermore, the same number of each independent electrode 115 is associated with each pixel electrode 111 (four in this example). Note that the configuration mode of the independent electrode 115 described here is merely an example, and is not limited thereto.

  Also with the electrophoresis apparatus of the second embodiment as described above, the user can directly write characters or the like on the electrophoresis layer 112 using the touch pen (bar-shaped input means) 200. In particular, in the second embodiment, it is possible to more efficiently apply the voltage generated by the touch pen 200 to the electrophoretic layer 112 by interposing each independent electrode 115. Thereby, it is possible to sharpen the image written by the touch pen 200. Alternatively, the voltage generated by the touch pen 200 can be further reduced.

(Third embodiment)
9 to 12 are cross-sectional views schematically showing a cross section of the electrophoresis apparatus according to the third embodiment. In addition, the same code | symbol is used about the element which is common in the electrophoresis apparatus of the above-mentioned 1st or 2nd embodiment, and detailed description is abbreviate | omitted about them. The electrophoresis device of the third embodiment is greatly different from the first or second embodiment in that a protective film is provided on the upper side of the common electrode 110. Details will be described below.

  The electrophoretic device shown in FIG. 9 is further provided with a protective film 116 that covers the common electrode 110 and the openings 114, as compared with the electrophoretic device according to the first embodiment described above. As illustrated, in this example, the protective film 116 also enters each opening 114, but the protective film 116 does not necessarily enter the opening 114. Further, the electrophoretic device shown in FIG. 10 is further provided with a protective film 116 that covers the common electrode 110, each opening 114, and each independent electrode 115, as compared with the electrophoretic device according to the second embodiment. Yes. Providing such a protective film 116 improves the reliability of the electrophoresis apparatus.

  Here, as the protective film 116, it is more preferable to use a low dielectric constant material. Specifically, for example, polyvinyl phenol or phenol resin (also known as novolak resin), polyvinyl phenol, polystyrene, polyolefin, polyvinyl alcohol, polyimide, fluororesin, polyparaxylylene, polyacrylonitrile, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate , Urethane resins such as polycarbonate, nylon 66, polyurethane, epoxide, ABS resin, polyvinyl acetate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyethyl methacrylate, polybutyl methacrylate, polymethacrylate ester resins such as polyoctyl methacrylate, vinyl chloride Examples thereof include resins, cellulose resins, silicone resins, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, SIOx, SiNx, SixNyOz. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

In addition, an aspect as shown in FIG. 11 and FIG. 12 can also be taken. That is, in the electrophoretic device shown in FIG. 11, the protective film 116 that covers the common electrode 110 is provided, and each independent electrode 115 is provided on the protective film 116 so as to overlap with any one of the openings 114. Is provided. In the electrophoretic device shown in FIG. 12, the protective film 116 is provided on the electrophoretic layer 112, and the common electrode 110, the openings 114, and the independent electrodes 115 are provided on the protective film 116. Yes.
According to the electrophoretic device of the embodiment as described above, since the independent electrode is exposed without passing through the insulating layer, it is possible to apply a potential directly from the tip of the touch pen, so that even a simple DC drive can be performed at a lower voltage. Can be included.

(Fourth embodiment)
Next, an example of a driving method suitable for application to the electrophoresis apparatus of each of the above embodiments will be described in detail.

  FIG. 13 is a waveform diagram for explaining a preferred example of the driving method of the electrophoresis apparatus. First, as shown in FIGS. 13A to 13D, the gate potentials (GATE1, 2,..., N−1, n) of the respective transistors 103 are all set to a low voltage at a predetermined timing. Thus, all the transistors 103 which are p-channel transistors are turned on. Specifically, for example, the gate potential of each transistor 103 may be set to a low potential in response to pressing of an operation button (not shown). Alternatively, detection means (not shown) may be provided to detect that the one end side 201 of the touch pen 200 touches the electrophoretic device, and the gate potential of each transistor 103 may be set to a low potential corresponding to this.

  As each transistor 103 is turned on, the voltage (DATA [0-n]) applied to each pixel electrode 111 through each transistor 103 is set to a low potential as shown in FIG. In addition, as shown in FIG. 13F, the voltage (COM) of the common electrode 110 is also controlled to a low potential. That is, the common electrode 110 and each pixel electrode 111 are set to the same potential. Then, as shown in FIG. 13G, the touch pen 200 having a high voltage (PEN) generated from the one end side 201 is brought closer to the common electrode 110 side of the electrophoresis apparatus. Thereby, direct writing with the touch pen 200 is realized. The driving method of the aspect shown in FIG. 13 can be applied to the electrophoresis apparatus of any of the above aspects, but the electrophoresis apparatus of the aspect in which the independent electrode 115 is provided (see FIGS. 7, 10, 11, and 12). ) Is particularly effective.

  FIG. 14 is a waveform diagram for explaining another preferred example of the driving method of the electrophoresis apparatus. Similarly to the above, as shown in FIGS. 14A to 14D, the gate potentials (GATE1, 2,..., N−1, n) of each transistor 103 are all set to a low voltage at a predetermined timing. Thus, all the transistors 103 are turned on. In accordance with this, as shown in FIG. 14E, all the voltages (DATA [0-n]) applied to the respective pixel electrodes 111 are controlled to a low potential, and common as shown in FIG. 14F. The voltage (COM) of the electrode 110 is also controlled to a low potential. That is, the common electrode 110 and each pixel electrode 111 are set to the same potential. Then, as shown in FIG. 14G, the touch pen 200 having a high voltage (PEN) generated from the one end side 201 is brought closer to the common electrode 110 side of the electrophoresis apparatus. In this example, the voltage (PEN) on one end 201 of the touch pen 200 is a sawtooth voltage. Also by such a method, direct writing with the touch pen 200 is realized. The driving method of the mode shown in FIG. 14 can be applied to the electrophoresis device of any of the above modes, but the electrophoresis device of a mode in which the independent electrode 115 is not provided in the opening 114 (see FIGS. 3 and 9). ) Is particularly effective.

(Fifth embodiment)
FIG. 15 is a perspective view illustrating a specific example of an electronic apparatus to which the electrophoresis apparatus is applied. FIG. 15A is a perspective view illustrating an electronic book which is an example of an electronic device. The electronic book 1000 includes a book-shaped frame 1001, a cover 1002 provided to be rotatable (openable and closable) with respect to the frame 1001, an operation unit 1003, and the electrophoresis apparatus according to the present embodiment. The display unit 1004 is provided. FIG. 15B is a perspective view illustrating electronic paper which is an example of an electronic apparatus. The electronic paper 1200 includes a main body unit 1201 configured by a rewritable sheet having the same texture and flexibility as paper, and a display unit 1202 configured by the electrophoresis apparatus according to the present embodiment. Note that the range of electronic devices to which the electrophoretic device can be applied is not limited to this, and includes a wide range of devices that utilize changes in visual color tone accompanying the movement of electrophoretic particles. For example, in addition to the above-described devices, those belonging to real estate such as wall surfaces to which an electrophoretic film is bonded, and those belonging to moving bodies such as vehicles, flying objects, and ships are also applicable. According to this embodiment, it is possible to realize an electronic device that can execute an operation of directly writing information such as characters at a high speed.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 100 ... Pixel part (pixel circuit), 101 ... Scan line, 102 ... Data line, 103 ... Transistor, 104 ... Capacitor element, 105 ... Electrophoretic element, 106 ... Capacitor line, 110 ... Common electrode (second electrode), 111 ... Pixel electrode (first electrode), 112 ... Electrophoresis layer (electrophoretic material layer), 114 ... Opening part (no electrode part), 115 ... Independent electrode (third electrode), 116 ... Protective layer, 130 ... Scanning driver (Scanning line driving circuit), 140 ... data driver (data line driving circuit), 200 ... touch pen (bar-shaped input means), 201 ... one end side of the touch pen

Claims (10)

A plurality of first electrodes;
A second electrode disposed to face each of the plurality of first electrodes;
An electrophoretic material layer including a plurality of electrophoretic materials disposed between the plurality of first electrodes and the second electrode;
Including
The second electrode has a plurality of openings arranged discretely,
Wherein each of the plurality of openings has an area in plan view than each of the plurality of first electrodes is rather small,
The electrophoretic material layer is configured such that at least a part of the plurality of electrophoretic materials moves according to a voltage applied to the electrophoretic material layer through the opening .
Electrophoresis device.   The electrophoretic device according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of openings are provided in the same number in each of the plurality of first electrodes.   The electrophoretic device according to claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of openings is provided at a position facing each of the plurality of first electrodes. A plurality of third electrodes disposed to overlap each of the plurality of openings,
4. The electrophoresis apparatus according to claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of third electrodes is provided physically separated from the second electrode. 5.   The electrophoretic device according to claim 1, further comprising an insulating protective film that covers the second electrode. Control means for controlling a voltage applied to each of the plurality of first electrodes and the second electrode;
Said control means to each said second and electrodes same potential of the plurality of first electrodes at a timing at which a voltage is applied through the opening, an electrical according to any one of claims 1 to 5 Electrophoresis device. Have a function of generating a voltage from one end, a rod-like input means for applying a voltage to the electrophoretic material layer through the opening, further comprising a electrophoretic device according to any one of claims 1 to 6 . Voltage applied to the electrophoretic material layer through the opening is a DC voltage, the electrophoretic device according to any one of claims 1 to 7. Voltage applied to the electrophoretic material layer through the opening is a sawtooth wave voltage, the electrophoretic device according to any one of claims 1 to 7.   An electronic apparatus comprising the electrophoresis device according to claim 1.

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