JP5501761B2 - ウレア変性大豆粉から製造された安定した接着剤 - Google Patents
ウレア変性大豆粉から製造された安定した接着剤 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5501761B2 JP5501761B2 JP2009520974A JP2009520974A JP5501761B2 JP 5501761 B2 JP5501761 B2 JP 5501761B2 JP 2009520974 A JP2009520974 A JP 2009520974A JP 2009520974 A JP2009520974 A JP 2009520974A JP 5501761 B2 JP5501761 B2 JP 5501761B2
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- urea
- adhesive
- soy
- soy flour
- soybean
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J189/00—Adhesives based on proteins; Adhesives based on derivatives thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C08L2666/02—Organic macromolecular compounds, natural resins, waxes or and bituminous materials
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Description
ブルックフィールド粘度(生成物の粘度に基づくスピンドール1−4を備えたLVT@30および60RPM;オーブン固形分)、pH、および、室温粘度、および、生物学的安定性(大豆の腐敗が明らかに始まると判断されたとき)が、われわれが考える主な特性である。ここで、オーブンでウレアを処理すること(150℃/1時間、および、125℃/1.25時間)によって、所定量の自由ウレアが失われるが、それによって、なぜ理論値が実測値より高いのかが説明できる。)
これは、所定のプレス時間/温度の条件下で時間が経過するにつれて向上される接着結合の強度を測定するために行った。すべての実施例に対し120℃の温度を適用した。時間の関数として、異なる接着剤の相対的強度増加を測定(決定)するために、その結果を時間に対してプロットした。標本は、HRT ABES/インストロン方法にしたがって製造されたが、テストは、プレス後数秒以内にABESユニット自体内で行われた。
ぬれ過程(wetting process)、および、乾燥過程(drying process)において、接着剤が、木−接着剤間の界面にたまるストレスを適当に分散することができなかった場合に、湿潤失敗(wet failure)がたびたび起こる。湿潤強度保持力は、水づけ後に保持される乾燥強度の百分率として計算される。
後述するダグラスファー3層法(Douglas Fir 3−Ply preparation procedure)に基づいて製造したサンプルを、内部材用の合板に対する標準にあたるANSI/HPVA HP−1−2004 4.6“3回ソークテスト(Three−cycle Soak Test)”を行った。
すべての樹脂に対し、前述したとおり、10個のサンプルを製造した。前記調整後、10個のサンプルのうち5個に対し、クロスヘッド速度10mm/分でインストロン1000を用いて、テストを行った。サンプル破損直後の最大負荷を記録した。これらを乾燥強度サンプル(dry sample)と呼んだ。残りの5個のサンプルは、22℃の水槽内に4時間維持させた。水槽からこれらのサンプルを取り出してからすぐに前述したとおりテストを行った。これらのサンプルを湿潤サンプル(wet sample)と呼んだ。特殊なグリップを製造して、これらの薄いサンプルがインストロン内で保持できるようにした。各樹脂に対し、5個のサンプルの平均値を記録した。記録されたエラーは標準偏差である。この方法の変動係数(coefficient of variation; COV)は、乾燥評価および湿潤評価の両方に対して15%程度であった。この結果に基づくと、木自体内の変動性の観点から優れたものと考えられる。
サンプルの製造:使用されたベニヤは、8”×8”で、その厚みが1/6”のダグラスファー(であった。テストすべき接着剤をまず中間ベニヤにおける一方の面に塗布した。その後、上部ベニヤをこの面上に配置させ、2つのベニヤ(上部ベニヤ、中間ベニヤ)のグレーン(grain)が互いに垂直をなうようにした。このプロセスには特に開放時間を設けなかった。その後、この接着剤を前記中間ベニヤにおける他方の面に塗布した。その後、底部ベニヤをこの面上に配置させ、これらの2つのベニヤ(底部ベニヤ、中間ベニヤ)のグレーンが互いに垂直をなうようにした。通常の接着剤負荷量の範囲は、接着層(glueline)あたり21.5〜22.5mg/cm2(湿潤時)であった。その後、組み立てられた3層に対し、150℃にて11.0kg/cm2の圧力を5分間加えた。テストをする前に、前記サンプルを26℃の温度、および、30%の相対湿度の雰囲気下で少なくとも48時間調整した。
サンプルの製造:使用されたベニヤは、8”×8”で、その厚みが1/6”のメープルベニヤであった。テストすべき接着剤をまず中間ベニヤにおける一方の面に塗布した。底部ベニヤを、前記中間ベニヤにおける前記接着剤を塗布した面上に配置して、2つのベニヤのグレーンが互いに垂直をなうようにした。このプロセスには特に開放時間を設けなかった。こうして製造した2層アセンブリをひっくり返して、中間ベニヤが上にくるようにした。その後、この接着剤を前記中間ベニヤにおける他方の面に塗布し、そして、上部ベニヤをこの面上に配置させた。この時、これらの2つのベニヤ(中間ベニヤ、上部ベニヤ)のグレーンが互いに垂直をなうようにした。通常の接着剤負荷量の範囲は、接着層(glue line)あたり21.5〜22.5mg/cm2(湿潤時)であった。その後、組み立てられた3層に対し、150℃で11.0kg/cm2の圧力を5分間加えた。テストをする前に、これらのサンプルを26℃の温度、および、30%の相対湿度の雰囲気下で少なくとも48時間調整した。
(実施例1)
(比較実施例)
(実施例3)
(実施例4)
(実施例5)
(実施例6)
(実施例7)
(実施例8)
(実施例9)
物理的特性、および、パネルの性能に対し大豆/ウレア樹脂の添加が及ぼす効果を比較するために、市販用のポリ酢酸ビニル(PVA)を使用した。表10は、ここで評価された対照群サンプルを定めたものである。
(実施例10)
(実施例11)
(実施例12〜18)
PVAは、その典型的なPVA組成物におけるその湿潤強度があまり知られていない。図15に示したとおり、大豆/ウレア樹脂はまた、反応性架橋剤を添加しない限り、湿潤使用(wet application)に適していない。しかしながら、25〜50%PVAは、(固形分の含量をも低く維持した場合であっても)その乾燥強度における損失を最小限に抑えつつ、大豆/ウレアに置き換えられる。
せん断ブロック(shear block)を、室温(45分)および150℃の条件の下でプレスされた3層メープルアセンブリ(3−ply maple assembly)から製造した。これらの結果を図19および図20に示し、かつ、表15にまとめた。予想通り、サンプルは、ABES上で製造されたものに比べて遥かに大きかったので、ウレアを添加した際に見られるTg下降(量)は、25%ウレアを含有するサンプルすらホットプレスから取り出されて直ぐにその一部において剥離される程度まで悪化された。ウレアによって改質されたこれらのサンプルは、熱いうちは、これらの低いTgに基づいて、十分な程度の強度を有しない。一般的に、これは、大豆/ウレアサンプル(50%改質されたPVAを除く。)を用いる際には問題となることはなかったが、この実施例においては、大豆/ウレアの比率は0.54という非常に低いものであったので、ウレアの使用量が単にあまりにも多く、それにより、再びTg下降(量)が問題となったものと考えられる。
(実施例19〜27)
PVAエマルジョンに大豆/ウレア接着剤を添加することによって、官能基(官能基;functionality)を樹脂の化学構造に導入した。こうして導入された官能基を用いて、PVA樹脂により優れた防水性を与えることができた。具他的にいうと、大豆、PVA、または両方と反応することができる反応性架橋剤を添加することによって行う。4つの異なる反応性架橋剤をこのシステム(大豆/ウレア)に2.5、および、10%の濃度で添加して、これらの安定した相溶性の(適合性の)エマルジョンに対して湿潤強度を与える可能性について評価した。
(実施例28)
Claims (34)
- 水中で大豆粉を40℃〜100℃に加熱することによってウレアーゼを実質的に含まなくなるまでに前記大豆粉を変性させて、変性大豆粉を得るステップと、
前記変性大豆粉にウレアを加えて、安定した大豆粉系接着剤を得るステップと、
を含むことを特徴とする安定した接着剤の製造方法。 - 前記大豆粉を15分〜500分間加熱することによって前記変性大豆粉を得ることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の製造方法。
- 前記変性大豆粉を40℃〜100℃で加熱しながら、前記変性大豆粉に前記ウレアを加えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の製造方法。
- 前記大豆粉が、炭水化物を20重量%以上含有するものであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の製造方法。
- 前記大豆粉1部あたり前記ウレア5部以下の割合となるように、前記ウレアを前記変性大豆粉に加えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の製造方法。
- 前記大豆粉系接着剤に架橋剤を加えるステップをさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の製造方法。
- 前記架橋剤が、イソシアネート、ポリアミノ・エピクロロヒドリン樹脂、エポキシ、アルデヒド、アルデヒドスターチ、ウレア・アルデヒド樹脂、および、これらの組み合わせからなる群から選ばれた非ホルムアルデヒド系架橋剤であることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の製造方法。
- 前記架橋剤が、メチルジフェニル・ジイソシアネートポリマーであることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の製造方法。
- 前記架橋剤が、ポリアミドアミン−エピクロロヒドリン樹脂、ポリアルキレンポリアミン−エピクロロヒドリン、または、アミンポリマー−エピクロロヒドリン樹脂であることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の製造方法。
- 前記架橋剤が、ジアルデヒドスターチであることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の製造方法。
- 前記架橋剤が、グリオキサルであることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の製造方法。
- 前記架橋剤が、ウレア・グリオキサルであることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の製造方法。
- 前記架橋剤を、0.1〜80重量%で加えることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の製造方法。
- 前記大豆粉系接着剤を乾燥させて、粉状の接着剤を得るステップをさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の製造方法。
- 前記架橋剤が、ホルムアルデヒド、フェノールホルムアルデヒド、ウレアホルムアルデヒド、メラミンウレアホルムアルデヒド、フェノールレソルシノール、および、これらの組み合わせからなる群から選ばれたホルムアルデヒド系架橋剤であることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の製造方法。
- 前記架橋剤が、フェノールホルムアルデヒドであることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の製造方法。
- 前記架橋剤が、ウレアホルムアルデヒドであることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の製造方法。
- 前記大豆粉系接着剤に希釈剤を加えるステップをさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の製造方法。
- 前記希釈剤が、グリセロール、エチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール、ネオペンチルグリコール、および、これらのポリマーからなる群から選ばれたものであることを特徴とする請求項18に記載の製造方法。
- 前記希釈剤が、グリセロールであることを特徴とする請求項18に記載の製造方法。
- 水中で大豆粉を40℃〜100℃に加熱することによってウレアーゼを実質的に含まなくなるまでに前記大豆粉を変性させて、変性大豆粉を得るステップと、
前記変性大豆粉にウレアを加えて、大豆粉系接着剤を得るステップと、
前記大豆粉系接着剤にポリマーを加えて、安定した大豆/ウレア分散相接着剤を形成するステップと、
を含むことを特徴とする安定した大豆/ウレア分散相接着剤の製造方法。 - 前記ポリマーが、エマルジョン、または、分散相状態のポリマーであることを特徴とする請求項21に記載の製造方法。
- 前記大豆粉を15分〜500分間加熱することによって前記変性大豆粉を得ることを特徴とする請求項21に記載の製造方法。
- 前記変性大豆粉を40℃〜100℃で加熱しながら、前記変性大豆粉に前記ウレアを加えることを特徴とする請求項21に記載の製造方法。
- 前記大豆粉が、炭水化物を20重量%以上含有するものであることを特徴とする請求項21に記載の製造方法。
- 前記大豆粉1部あたり前記ウレア0.25部〜5部の割合となるように、前記変性大豆粉に前記ウレアを加えることを特徴とする請求項21に記載の製造方法。
- 前記ポリマーが、ポリ酢酸ビニル、または、フェノールホルムアルデヒド分散相であることを特徴とする請求項21に記載の製造方法。
- 前記大豆/ウレア分散相接着剤に架橋剤を加えるステップをさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項21に記載の製造方法。
- 前記架橋剤を、ポリマー状態のメチルジフェニル・ジイソシアネート、ポリアミノ・エピクロロヒドリン、エポキシ、および、グリオキサルからなる群から選ぶことを特徴とする請求項28に記載の製造方法。
- 前記架橋剤を、0.1〜80重量%で加えることを特徴とする請求項28に記載の製造方法。
- 前記架橋剤が、ホルムアルデヒド、フェノールホルムアルデヒド、ウレアホルムアルデヒド、メラミンウレアホルムアルデヒド、フェノールレソルシノール、および、これらの組み合わせからなる群から選ばれたホルムアルデヒド系架橋剤であることを特徴とする請求項28に記載の製造方法。
- 前記大豆/ウレア分散相接着剤を乾燥させて、粉状の大豆/ウレア分散相接着剤を形成するステップをさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項21に記載の製造方法。
- 前記大豆/ウレア分散相接着剤を凍結乾燥させることを特徴とする請求項32に記載の製造方法。
- 前記大豆/ウレア分散相接着剤を噴霧乾燥させることを特徴とする請求項32に記載の
製造方法。
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| US83165006P | 2006-07-18 | 2006-07-18 | |
| US60/831,650 | 2006-07-18 | ||
| US83504206P | 2006-08-02 | 2006-08-02 | |
| US60/835,042 | 2006-08-02 | ||
| PCT/US2007/073771 WO2008011455A1 (en) | 2006-07-18 | 2007-07-18 | Stable adhesives from urea-denatured soy flour |
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| AU2007275303B2 (en) | 2011-07-21 |
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| US20100069534A1 (en) | 2010-03-18 |
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| US20080021187A1 (en) | 2008-01-24 |
| BRPI0714323A2 (pt) | 2018-10-23 |
| RU2445325C2 (ru) | 2012-03-20 |
| RU2009105507A (ru) | 2010-08-27 |
| MX2009000621A (es) | 2009-05-28 |
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