JP5278065B2 - Image forming apparatus and image forming method - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To eliminate uneven toner concentration without increasing size or cost of an apparatus. <P>SOLUTION: The image forming apparatus includes: an optical writing unit which forms a latent image corresponding to image information on an image carrier; a convey screw which circulates and conveys a two-component developer on a convey path; a toner replenishing device which replenishes toner to the two-component developer at a predetermined replenishment place on the convey path; a developing unit which develops the latent image formed on the image carrier by the two-component developer; an image information obtaining section 2103 which obtains the image information; and a replenishment control section 2102 which calculates a toner replenishment amount using a filter corresponding to characteristic information representing characteristics of the toner among a plurality of filters for calculating the toner replenishment amount so as to eliminate the toner concentration change of the developer with time caused by the development of the latent image corresponding to the image information and controls the toner replenishing device to replenish the toner in the calculated toner replenishment amount. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&amp;INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to an image forming apparatus and an image forming method for forming an image by transferring a toner image obtained by developing a latent image on a latent image carrier with a two-component developer onto a recording material.

  When the two-component developer circulated and conveyed in the developing device (developing unit) along the developer circulation conveyance path consumes toner due to image formation, the consumed toner is replenished to the two-component developer by the toner replenishing unit. The As conventional toner replenishing methods employed for this toner replenishment, the following two replenishing methods are known.

  In the first method, for example, when the latent image is consumed by developing the latent image from pixel writing information (image information) used when the exposure device (latent image forming means) forms the latent image on the latent image carrier. Calculate the expected toner consumption. Then, an amount of toner corresponding to the calculated toner consumption is supplied to the two-component developer all at once or at a constant interval.

  In the second method, a toner concentration sensor (toner concentration detecting means) is provided at a predetermined position (predetermined detection position) on a conveying screw (developer conveying means) for circulating and conveying the two-component developer in the developing device. Is provided. The toner density sensor measures the toner density at the predetermined detection location, and replenishes the two-component developer all at once or at regular intervals so that the toner density becomes the target toner density. .

  However, in any of the toner replenishing methods, toner is replenished to the two-component developer all at once or at regular intervals. For this reason, it has been difficult to eliminate toner density unevenness (hereinafter simply referred to as “toner density unevenness”) in the circulation direction of the two-component developer circulated through the developing device. Hereinafter, it will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 29 is an explanatory diagram illustrating an example of a developing device that circulates and conveys a two-component developer along the developer circulation and conveyance path.

  In this developing device, the two-component developer is circulated and conveyed in the direction indicated by the arrow A in the figure by the two conveying screws 8 and 11. The developing roller 12 faces the portion of the developer circulation conveying path where the second conveying screw 11 is installed. In this portion, the two-component developer is pumped up to the surface of the developing roller and passes through the developing region. The two component developer is returned. In addition, a toner replenishing port 17 is provided at an upper portion of the developer circulation conveying path where the second conveying screw 11 is installed, and toner is replenished through the toner replenishing port 17 by a toner replenishing means (not shown). Is done. Further, a portion indicated by B in the figure is a measurement portion where the toner density unevenness is measured by the toner density sensor.

  FIG. 30 is a graph showing a relationship between toner replenishment and toner density unevenness when toner is replenished to the two-component developer at once. FIG. 31 is a graph showing the relationship between toner replenishment and toner density unevenness when toner is replenished to the two-component developer intermittently at regular intervals.

  In these graphs, the waveform (consumption waveform) indicated by a thin solid line indicates that the two-component developer after developing a predetermined latent image using the two-component developer without toner density unevenness is not replenished with toner. 6 is a waveform showing a result of measuring a toner density by the toner density sensor. That is, this consumption waveform shows an example of toner density unevenness that occurs after development.

  A waveform indicated by a dotted line (replenishment waveform) indicates the toner concentration of the two-component developer after toner replenishment is performed with respect to the two-component developer without toner density unevenness by the toner concentration sensor. It is a waveform which shows the result of having measured. Each waveform shown by a two-dot chain line in FIG. 31 shows an individual supply waveform of each toner supply performed intermittently, and a waveform obtained by synthesizing each individual supply waveform shown by a two-dot chain line shows a supply indicated by a dotted line. It becomes a waveform.

  The waveform indicated by the thick solid line is a composite of the consumption waveform and the replenishment waveform, and the toner density after replenishing toner by each replenishment method for the two-component developer after developing a predetermined latent image. It shows unevenness.

  As shown by thick solid lines in FIG. 30 and FIG. 31, a method of supplying toner to the two-component developer all at once (the first method described above), or a toner is supplied to the two-component developer intermittently at regular intervals. In the method (the second method), it can be seen that there is toner density unevenness in the two-component developer after toner replenishment.

  In particular, the consumption waveform in actual image formation is not constant because it varies depending on the image to be formed, specifically the position and size of the latent image to be developed. Therefore, as with conventional replenishment methods, when toner is replenished at a constant timing and at a constant speed regardless of the difference in consumption waveform, the toner density unevenness of the two-component developer after toner replenishment is eliminated. I can't do it.

  This point will be further described. In the developing device shown in FIG. 29, the two-component developer conveyed by the second conveying screw 11 is conveyed along the developer circulation conveying path in a direction orthogonal to the developer conveying direction by the developing roll 12; It is carried on the surface of the developing roll 12 and conveyed to the developing area. Then, after contributing to development in the development region, the developer is returned again to the developer circulation conveyance path and conveyed by the second conveyance screw 11.

  If the position of the latent image is unevenly distributed on the latent image carrier, the developed two-component developer may have a portion that consumes a large amount of toner and a portion that consumes little toner. Then, the two-component developer in such a state is returned to the developer circulation conveyance path. In this case, toner density unevenness occurs in the two-component developer after being returned to the developer circulation conveyance path. In addition, the toner density unevenness varies depending on the uneven distribution of the latent image on the latent image carrier.

  FIG. 32 is an explanatory diagram showing the relationship between the uneven distribution of latent images on the latent image carrier and the state of uneven toner density. Note that an arrow A in the figure indicates the direction in which the two-component developer is conveyed by the second conveying screw 11. In the figure, an arrow C indicates the direction of surface movement of the latent image carrier.

  The upper part of the figure shows three image patterns formed on the recording material. The lower part of the figure shows the toner density sensor without replenishing toner for the two-component developer after developing the latent image corresponding to each image pattern using the two-component developer in a state where there is no toner density unevenness. 6 is a graph showing a measurement result (consumption waveform) when the toner density is measured by the method of FIG.

  As shown in the figure, it can be seen that the consumption waveform, that is, the state of toner density unevenness varies depending on the uneven distribution of the latent image on the latent image carrier. In addition, when the image pattern drawn on the left in the figure is compared with the image pattern drawn on the right in the figure, the latter has a broader consumption waveform than the former. This is because the latter has a longer developer conveyance distance from the position where the toner-consumed two-component developer part is returned to the developer circulation conveyance path to the measurement point B by the toner density sensor, and the agitation by the conveyance screw is increased. It is a difference by receiving. That is, in the latter case, the toner density is more uneven than the former because the two-component developer that has consumed the toner is more agitated by the conveying screw until it is conveyed to the measurement location B of the toner concentration sensor. As a result of canceling the part, the consumption waveform becomes broad.

  FIG. 33 is an explanatory diagram showing in more detail the relationship between the position of the latent image on the latent image carrier and the state of toner density unevenness.

  The figure shows three image patterns in which latent images are formed at three different positions in the transport direction of the two-component developer by the second transport screw, and two different positions in the latent image carrier surface movement direction. Two image patterns on which a latent image is formed are drawn. Note that some image patterns overlap. In addition, the image area is the same for all image patterns.

  In the lower part of the figure, the latent image corresponding to each of the three image patterns is developed using a two-component developer in a state where there is no toner density unevenness, and then the toner density sensor does not supply toner. It is a graph which shows the measurement result (consumption waveform) when measuring the toner density of a component developer. Further, the left part of the figure shows the latent image corresponding to each of the two image patterns developed by using the two-component developer without toner density unevenness, and then the toner density sensor does not supply the toner. It is a graph which shows the measurement result (consumption waveform) when measuring the toner density of a two-component developer.

  When latent images of the same area are formed at different positions in the two-component developer conveying direction by the second conveying screw 11, as shown in the lower part of the figure, the consumption waveform corresponding to each image pattern has its peak time and The half width (broad state) and the minimum toner density are different. As described above, this is due to the difference in the developer conveyance distance from the position where the portion of the two-component developer that has consumed the toner is returned to the developer circulation conveyance path to the measurement location B by the toner density sensor. Specifically, the difference in peak time is simply due to the difference in time until the portion of the two-component developer that has consumed the toner reaches the measurement location B by the toner density sensor. Further, the difference between the half-value width (broad state) and the minimum toner concentration is due to the difference in the amount of stirring received until the portion of the two-component developer that has consumed the toner reaches the measurement position B by the toner concentration sensor. .

  On the other hand, when latent images of the same area are formed at different positions in the surface movement direction of the latent image carrier, as shown in the left part of the figure, the consumption waveform corresponding to each image pattern has only a different peak time. There is no difference in the half width (broad state) and the minimum toner density. This is because each image pattern has the same position where the portion of the two-component developer that has consumed toner is returned to the developer circulation conveyance path, and differs in the developer conveyance distance to the measurement point B by the toner density sensor. Because there is no. Accordingly, there is no difference in the amount of agitation received before reaching the measurement location B by the toner concentration sensor. That is, no difference occurs in the half width (broad state) and the minimum toner density. However, since the time when the two-component developer that has consumed the toner is returned to the developer circulation conveyance path is different, the peak time is different.

  As described above, the consumption waveform varies depending not only on the size of the latent image on the latent image carrier but also on the position of the latent image, and thus does not become constant in actual image formation. Therefore, the conventional replenishment method can maintain the average toner concentration of the entire two-component developer existing in the developing device at the target toner concentration, but cannot eliminate the uneven toner concentration of the two-component developer. .

  Patent Document 1 discloses a toner that suppresses toner density unevenness in a developing device by a histogram analysis of the density distribution of image data and a configuration in which the replenishment amount can be controlled independently from a plurality of toner replenishment ports based on the analysis result. A replenishment method has been proposed. According to this method, it is possible to eliminate toner density unevenness of the two-component developer.

  Further, in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2004-260688, image density is divided into a finite number of sections, and toner density unevenness in the developing device is configured by supplying toner from a toner replenishing unit corresponding to each section based on the number of dots in each section. A toner replenishing method that suppresses toner is proposed.

  However, the toner replenishing method described in Patent Document 1 requires a configuration in which the replenishing amounts can be controlled independently from each other from a plurality of toner replenishing ports in order to eliminate toner density unevenness. Specifically, the embodiment of Patent Document 1 employs a configuration in which the replenishment amount can be controlled simultaneously from the six toner replenishing ports independently of each other. The toner density unevenness cannot be solved without a configuration capable of performing independent replenishment control at the same time.

  In order to simultaneously perform independent replenishment control for each of the plurality of toner replenishing ports, a drive source for driving a toner replenishing member for replenishing toner from each toner replenishing port is individually provided for each toner replenishing port. Necessary. For this reason, compared to a conventional general apparatus having only one drive source for supplying toner, a space for arranging a plurality of drive sources is required. There is a problem that the cost increases due to the cost of parts.

  Note that the toner replenishing method of Patent Document 2 also requires the same control as that of Patent Document 1 because it is necessary to control a plurality of toner replenishing ports independently.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above, and provides an image forming apparatus and an image forming method capable of eliminating toner density unevenness of a two-component developer without increasing the size and cost of the apparatus. The purpose is to do.

  In order to solve the above-described problems and achieve the object, the present invention provides a latent image forming unit that forms a latent image by irradiating a light beam corresponding to image information onto a rotating or moving image carrier, and a toner. A conveying unit that circulates and conveys a two-component developer including a carrier and a carrier on a conveying path; a toner replenishing unit that can replenish toner to the two-component developer at a predetermined replenishment location on the conveying path; A developing unit that develops the latent image formed on the image carrier with the two-component developer, an image information acquiring unit that acquires the image information, and a characteristic detection unit that detects characteristic information representing the characteristics of the toner; Toner replenishment that eliminates temporal changes in the toner concentration of the two-component developer at a specific location on the transport path by developing a latent image according to the image information by performing a filter operation on the image information The toner replenishment amount can be calculated using a plurality of filter units that are predetermined according to the characteristic information and the filter unit that corresponds to the detected characteristic information among the plurality of filter units. And a replenishment control means for controlling the toner replenishing means to replenish the calculated toner replenishment amount of toner at the replenishment location.

  The present invention also provides a latent image forming means for forming a latent image by irradiating a rotating or moving image carrier with a light beam according to image information, and a two-component developer including a toner and a carrier on a conveyance path. A conveying unit that circulates and conveys the toner, a toner replenishing unit that can replenish toner to the two-component developer at a predetermined replenishment location on the conveying path, and a latent image formed on the image carrier. An image forming method executed by an image forming apparatus including a developing unit that develops with a two-component developer, wherein the image information acquiring unit acquires the image information, and the characteristic detecting unit includes: A characteristic detecting step for detecting characteristic information representing the characteristic of the toner; and a replenishment amount calculating unit that performs a filter operation on the image information, thereby developing the latent image according to the image information. The characteristic detected from among a plurality of filter means predetermined according to the characteristic information capable of calculating a toner replenishment amount that eliminates a time change in the toner concentration of the two-component developer at a specific location A replenishment amount calculating step for calculating the toner replenishment amount using the filter unit according to information; and a replenishment control unit for replenishing the calculated toner replenishment amount of toner at the replenishment location. And a replenishment control step for controlling.

  According to the present invention, a toner replenishment operation that eliminates a change in toner density over time is determined using a filter that outputs a waveform that indicates a toner replenishment amount according to image information, and toner replenishment is performed using the determined toner replenishment operation. The amount can be controlled. For this reason, there is an effect that the toner density unevenness of the two-component developer can be eliminated without increasing the size and cost of the apparatus.

FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram illustrating a printer according to the first embodiment. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of the process unit. FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing an appearance of the process unit. FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing the configuration of the developing unit around the developer circulation conveyance path. FIG. 5 is a functional block diagram of a mechanism that performs toner supply control. FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a flow of image information acquired by the image information acquisition unit. FIG. 7 is a block diagram illustrating a detailed configuration of the scanner correction unit. FIG. 8 is a block diagram illustrating a detailed configuration of the printer correction unit. FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of the image information acquisition area. FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of the image information acquisition area. FIG. 11 is a graph illustrating a supply basic pattern of the toner supply device according to the first exemplary embodiment. FIG. 12 is a graph showing the relationship between the basic consumption waveform and the basic supply waveform. FIG. 13 is a graph showing the relationship between the arbitrary consumption waveform K and the replenishment waveform. FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating an example of the image information acquisition area. FIG. 15 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a modified printer correction unit. FIG. 16 is a functional block diagram of a mechanism that performs toner supply control according to the second embodiment. FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating the relationship between the divided areas, the toner supply waveform, and the consumption waveform. FIG. 18 is an explanatory diagram showing the relationship between the antiphase filter and other waveforms. FIG. 19 is an explanatory diagram showing the relationship between the anti-phase filter (supplement signal), the supplement waveform, and the anti-phase waveform. FIG. 20 is an explanatory diagram showing image information and antiphase filters for consumption waveforms for each region in the main scanning direction. FIG. 21 is an explanatory diagram when the replenishment amount is calculated from the image information using the antiphase filter. FIG. 22 is a flowchart illustrating an overall flow of the filter switching process according to the second embodiment. FIG. 23 is a diagram illustrating an example of an image pattern used at the time of detection. FIG. 24 is a diagram illustrating an example of a temporal change in the detected toner density. FIG. 25 is a diagram illustrating an example of a temporal change in the detected toner density. FIG. 26 is a flowchart showing the overall flow of the filter switching process of the third modification. FIG. 27 is a diagram illustrating an example of an image pattern for each divided region. FIG. 28 is a flowchart showing the overall flow of the filter switching process of the fourth modification. FIG. 29 is an explanatory diagram illustrating an example of a developing device that circulates and conveys a two-component developer along the developer circulation and conveyance path. FIG. 30 is a graph showing a relationship between toner replenishment and toner density unevenness when toner is replenished to the two-component developer at once. FIG. 31 is a graph showing the relationship between toner replenishment and toner density unevenness when toner is replenished to the two-component developer intermittently at regular intervals. FIG. 32 is an explanatory diagram showing the relationship between the uneven distribution of latent images on the latent image carrier and the state of uneven toner density. FIG. 33 is an explanatory diagram showing in more detail the relationship between the position of the latent image on the latent image carrier and the state of toner density unevenness.

  Exemplary embodiments of an image forming apparatus according to the present invention will be explained below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

(Embodiment 1)
Hereinafter, an embodiment (hereinafter, this embodiment is referred to as “embodiment 1”) in which the present invention is applied to an electrophotographic printer (hereinafter simply referred to as “printer”) as an image forming apparatus will be described. .

  First, the basic configuration of the printer according to the first embodiment will be described. FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram illustrating a printer according to the first embodiment.

  The printer includes four process units 1Y, 1C, 1M, and 1K for yellow, cyan, magenta, and black (hereinafter referred to as Y, C, M, and K). These use Y, C, M, and K toners of different colors as image forming substances for forming an image, but the other configurations are the same.

  FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of a process unit 1Y for generating a Y toner image. FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing an appearance of the process unit 1Y. The process unit 1Y includes a photoreceptor unit 2Y and a developing unit 7Y. As shown in FIG. 3, the photoconductor unit 2Y and the developing unit 7Y are configured to be detachably attached to the printer body as a process unit 1Y. However, the developing unit 7Y can be attached to and detached from the photoreceptor unit 2Y in a state where it is detached from the printer body.

  The photoreceptor unit 2Y includes a drum-shaped photoreceptor 3Y as a latent image carrier, a drum cleaning device 4Y, a static eliminator (not shown), a charging device 5Y, and the like. The charging device 5Y, which is a charging unit, uniformly charges the surface of the photoreceptor 3Y, which is driven to rotate clockwise in FIG. 2 by a driving unit (not shown), by the charging roller 6Y. Specifically, a charging bias is applied from a power source (not shown) to the charging roller 6Y that is driven to rotate counterclockwise in FIG. 2, and the charging roller 6Y is brought close to or in contact with the photosensitive member 3Y, whereby the photosensitive member 3Y. Is uniformly charged. Instead of the charging roller 6Y, another charging member such as a charging brush may be used in proximity or contact. Further, a charger that uniformly charges the photosensitive member 3Y by a charger method, such as a scorotron charger, may be used. The surface of the photoreceptor 3Y uniformly charged by the charging device 5Y is exposed and scanned by a laser beam emitted from an optical writing unit 20 serving as a latent image forming unit, which will be described later, and carries an electrostatic latent image for Y.

  FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing the configuration of the developing unit around the developer circulation conveyance path in which the two-component developer circulates in the developing unit. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 4, the developing unit 7 </ b> Y that is a developing unit includes a first agent containing portion 9 </ b> Y in which a first conveying screw 8 </ b> Y as a developer conveying unit is disposed. Further, a toner concentration sensor (not shown) including a magnetic permeability sensor as a toner concentration detecting unit, a second conveying screw 11Y as a developer conveying unit, a developing roll 12Y as a developer carrying member, and a developer regulating member. It also has the 2nd agent storage part 14Y by which doctor blade 13Y etc. were arranged. In these two agent storage portions, a Y developer (not shown) which is a two-component developer composed of a magnetic carrier and a negatively chargeable Y toner is included. The first transport screw 8Y is rotationally driven by a driving unit (not shown) to transport the Y developer in the first agent storage portion 9Y to the front side in FIG. 2 (in the direction of arrow A in FIG. 4). The Y developer in the middle of conveyance is developed by a toner density sensor fixed on the first conveyance screw 8Y from a location facing the toner replenishing port 17Y (hereinafter referred to as “replenishment location”) in the first agent storage portion 9Y. The toner concentration of the Y developer passing through a predetermined detection position located upstream in the agent circulation direction is detected. Then, the Y developer conveyed to the end of the first agent accommodating portion 9Y by the first conveying screw 8Y enters the second agent accommodating portion 14Y through the communication port 18Y.

  The second conveying screw 11Y in the second agent accommodating portion 14Y is rotationally driven by a driving means (not shown) to convey the Y developer in the rear side in FIG. 2 (in the direction of arrow A in FIG. 4). In this way, the developing roll 12Y is arranged in a posture parallel to the second conveying screw 11Y above the second conveying screw 11Y that conveys the Y developer in FIG. The developing roll 12Y includes a magnet roller 16Y fixedly disposed in a developing sleeve 15Y made of a non-magnetic sleeve that is driven to rotate counterclockwise in FIG. A part of the Y developer conveyed by the second conveying screw 11Y is pumped up to the surface of the developing sleeve 15Y by the magnetic force generated by the magnet roller 16Y. Then, after the layer thickness is regulated by a doctor blade 13Y disposed so as to maintain a predetermined gap from the surface of the developing sleeve 15Y, the layer is conveyed to a developing region facing the photosensitive member 3Y, and is transferred onto the photosensitive member 3Y. Y toner is adhered to the electrostatic latent image for Y. This adhesion forms a Y toner image on the photoreceptor 3Y. The Y developer that has consumed Y toner by the development is returned onto the second conveying screw 11Y as the developing sleeve 15Y rotates. Then, the Y developer conveyed to the end of the second agent accommodating portion 14Y by the second conveying screw 11Y returns to the first agent accommodating portion 9Y through the communication port 19Y. In this way, the Y developer is circulated and conveyed in the developing unit.

  Here, an outline of toner replenishment control for replenishing consumed toner will be described. FIG. 5 is a functional block diagram of a mechanism that performs toner supply control. In the first embodiment, the control unit 100 is provided with an image information acquisition unit 103 as an image information acquisition unit that acquires image data (image information) from a personal computer or an image reading apparatus. The image information acquisition unit 103 sends the acquired image information to the prediction data calculation unit 101 as a prediction data calculation unit. The prediction data calculation unit 101 calculates, from the received image information, a change in toner density over time (prediction data) at the measurement location B generated in the developer that has consumed toner by developing a latent image based on the image information. .

  In the first embodiment, image information is input from a personal computer or an image reading apparatus, and prediction data is calculated based on the image information. The number of laser beams (number of dots) emitted from the optical writing unit 20 is calculated. ) May be used as image information, and prediction data may be calculated based on the image information.

  The replenishment control unit 102 functioning as a replenishment control unit is one of the toner replenishing devices 70 as toner replenishing units based on the prediction data calculated by the prediction data calculation unit 101 of the control unit 100 functioning as a prediction data calculation unit. The drive source 71Y is controlled. Here, based on the image information, the prediction data calculation unit 101 calculates prediction data of the temporal change in the Y developer toner concentration at the measurement location B using a calculation program or calculation table stored in the ROM. Then, the replenishment control unit 102 eliminates toner density unevenness by performing drive control of one drive source 71Y with a combination of various basic replenishment patterns described later based on the prediction data calculated by the prediction data calculation unit 101. . The detection result of the toner density of the Y developer by the toner density sensor is sent as an electric signal to the control unit 100 (not shown). The control unit 100 includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit) as a calculation means, a RAM (Random Access Memory) as a data storage means, a ROM (Read Only Memory), and the like, and executes various calculation processes and control programs. It can be carried out. The control unit 100 stores the target value of the output voltage from each toner density sensor mounted on the other development units 7C, 7M, and 7K in the RAM and the V Vref for Y that is the target value of the output voltage from the toner density sensor. The data for C Vtref, M Vtref, and K Vtref are stored. For the Y developing unit 7Y, the value of the output voltage from the toner density sensor is compared with the Y Vtref, and an amount of Y toner corresponding to the comparison result is supplied from the toner supply port 17Y. The drive source 71Y of the replenishing device 70 is controlled. With this control, an appropriate amount of Y toner is supplied to the Y developer whose Y toner density has decreased due to the consumption of Y toner during development in the first agent storage unit 9Y. For this reason, the toner concentration of the Y developer in the second agent container 14Y is maintained within the target toner concentration range. The same applies to the developers in the developing units 7C, 7M, and 7K for other colors. The toner replenishment control in the first embodiment is performed so as to cancel out the toner density unevenness, and details thereof will be described later.

  Next, processing after forming a Y toner image on the photoreceptor 3Y will be further described. The Y toner image formed on the photoreceptor 3Y is intermediately transferred to an intermediate transfer belt 41 that is an intermediate transfer body. The drum cleaning device 4Y of the photoreceptor unit 2Y removes toner remaining on the surface of the photoreceptor 3Y after the intermediate transfer process. As a result, the surface of the photoreceptor 3Y subjected to the cleaning process is neutralized by a neutralizing device (not shown). By this charge removal, the surface of the photoreceptor 3Y is initialized and prepared for the next image formation. Similarly, in the process units 1C, 1M, and 1K for other colors, C toner images, M toner images, and K toner images are formed on the photoreceptors 3C, 3M, and 3K, and the intermediate transfer belt 41 is subjected to intermediate transfer. Is done.

  An optical writing unit 20 is disposed below the process units 1Y, 1C, 1M, and 1K in FIG. The optical writing unit 20 irradiates the photoconductors 3Y, 3C, 3M, and 3K of the process units 1Y, 1C, 1M, and 1K with the laser light L emitted based on the image information. As a result, electrostatic latent images for Y, C, M, and K are formed on the photoreceptors 3Y, 3C, 3M, and 3K, respectively. The optical writing unit 20 deflects the laser light L emitted from the light source by the polygon mirror 21 that is rotationally driven by a motor, and passes through the photoreceptors 3Y, 3C, 3M, and 3K via a plurality of optical lenses and mirrors. Is irradiated. Instead of such a configuration, an LED array may be used.

  A first paper feed cassette 31 and a second paper feed cassette 32 are disposed below the optical writing unit 20 so as to overlap in the vertical direction. In each of these paper feed cassettes, a plurality of recording papers P, which are recording materials, are stored in a stack of recording papers, and a first paper feed roller is placed on the top recording paper P. 31a and the second paper feed roller 32a are in contact with each other. When the first paper feed roller 31a is driven to rotate counterclockwise in FIG. 1 by driving means (not shown), the uppermost recording paper P in the first paper feed cassette 31 is vertically oriented on the right side of the cassette in FIG. The paper is discharged toward the paper feed path 33 arranged so as to extend. When the second paper feed roller 32a is rotated counterclockwise in FIG. 1 by driving means (not shown), the uppermost recording paper P in the second paper feed cassette 32 is discharged toward the paper feed path 33. The A plurality of transport roller pairs 34 are arranged in the paper feed path 33, and the recording paper P fed into the paper feed path 33 is sandwiched between the rollers of the transport roller pair 34 while being fed between the paper feed paths 33. 1 is conveyed from the lower side to the upper side in FIG. A registration roller pair 35 is disposed at the end of the paper feed path 33. The registration roller pair 35 temporarily stops the rotation of both rollers as soon as the recording paper P sent from the conveyance roller pair 34 is sandwiched between the rollers. Then, the recording paper P is sent out toward a later-described secondary transfer nip at an appropriate timing.

Above each process unit 1Y, 1C, 1M, and 1K in FIG. 1, a transfer unit 40 is disposed to endlessly move the intermediate transfer belt 41 counterclockwise in FIG. In addition to the intermediate transfer belt 41, the transfer unit 40 includes a belt cleaning unit 42, a first bracket 43, a second bracket 44, and the like. Also provided are four primary transfer rollers 45Y, 45C, 45M, 45K, a secondary transfer backup roller 46, a drive roller 47, an auxiliary roller 48, a tension roller 49, and the like. The intermediate transfer belt 41 is endlessly moved counterclockwise in FIG. 1 by the rotational driving of the driving roller 47 while being stretched around these rollers. The four primary transfer rollers 45Y, 45C, 45M, and 45K sandwich the intermediate transfer belt 41 that moves endlessly between the photoreceptors 3Y, 3C, 3M, and 3K to form primary transfer nips, respectively. Yes. Then, a transfer bias having a polarity opposite to that of the toner (plus polarity in the first embodiment) is applied to the inner peripheral surface of the intermediate transfer belt 41. The intermediate transfer belt 41 is
In the process of sequentially passing through the primary transfer nips for Y, C, M, and K along with the endless movement, the respective color toner images on the photoreceptors 3Y, 3C, 3M, and 3K are formed on the outer peripheral surface. Primary transfer is performed so as to overlap. As a result, a four-color superimposed toner image (hereinafter referred to as “four-color toner image”) is formed on the intermediate transfer belt 41.

  The secondary transfer backup roller 46 sandwiches the intermediate transfer belt 41 with the secondary transfer roller 50 disposed outside the loop of the intermediate transfer belt 41 to form a secondary transfer nip. The registration roller pair 35 described above feeds the recording paper P sandwiched between the rollers toward the secondary transfer nip at a timing at which the recording paper P can be synchronized with the four-color toner image on the intermediate transfer belt 41. The four-color toner image on the intermediate transfer belt 41 is affected by the secondary transfer electric field formed between the secondary transfer roller 50 to which the secondary transfer bias is applied and the secondary transfer backup roller 46, and the influence of the nip pressure. The secondary transfer is batch-transferred onto the recording paper P in the secondary transfer nip. Then, combined with the white color of the recording paper P, a full color toner image is obtained.

  Untransferred toner that has not been transferred to the recording paper P adheres to the intermediate transfer belt 41 after passing through the secondary transfer nip. This is cleaned by the belt cleaning unit 42. In the belt cleaning unit 42, the cleaning blade 42a is brought into contact with the front surface of the intermediate transfer belt 41, whereby the transfer residual toner on the belt is scraped off and removed.

  The first bracket 43 of the transfer unit 40 swings at a predetermined rotation angle about the rotation axis of the auxiliary roller 48 as the solenoid (not shown) is turned on / off. In the case of forming a monochrome image, the printer of the first embodiment rotates the first bracket 43 a little counterclockwise in the drawing by driving the solenoid described above. By this rotation, the Y, C, and M primary transfer rollers 45Y, 45C, and 45M are revolved counterclockwise in the drawing around the rotation axis of the auxiliary roller 48, whereby the intermediate transfer belt 41 is moved to the Y direction. , C and M photoconductors 3Y, 3C and 3M. Of the four process units 1Y, 1C, 1M, and 1K, only the K process unit 1K is driven to form a monochrome image. Accordingly, it is possible to avoid exhaustion of the process units due to wastefully driving the process units for Y, C, and M during monochrome image formation.

  A fixing unit 60 as a fixing unit is disposed above the secondary transfer nip in the figure. The fixing unit 60 includes a pressure heating roller 61 that includes a heat source such as a halogen lamp, and a fixing belt unit 62. The fixing belt unit 62 includes a fixing belt 64, a heating roller 63 containing a heat source such as a halogen lamp, a tension roller 65, a driving roller 66, a temperature sensor (not shown), and the like. Then, the endless fixing belt 64 is endlessly moved in the counterclockwise direction in FIG. 1 while being stretched by the heating roller 63, the tension roller 65, and the driving roller 66. In the process of endless movement, the fixing belt 64 is heated from the back side by the heating roller 63. A pressure heating roller 61 that is driven to rotate in the clockwise direction in FIG. 1 is in contact with the surface of the fixing belt 64 that is heated in this manner. Thereby, a fixing nip where the pressure heating roller 61 and the fixing belt 64 abut is formed.

  Outside the loop of the fixing belt 64, a temperature sensor (not shown) is disposed so as to face the front surface of the fixing belt 64 with a predetermined gap, and the fixing belt 64 just before entering the fixing nip. Detect surface temperature. This detection result is sent to a fixing power supply circuit (not shown). The fixing power supply circuit performs on / off control of power supply to the heat generation source included in the heating roller 63 and the heat generation source included in the pressure heating roller 61 based on the detection result of the temperature sensor. As a result, the surface temperature of the fixing belt 64 is maintained at about 140.degree. The recording paper P that has passed through the secondary transfer nip is separated from the intermediate transfer belt 41 and then fed into the fixing unit 60. Then, in the process of being conveyed from the lower side to the upper side in the drawing while being sandwiched by the fixing nip in the fixing unit 60, the full-color toner image is applied to the recording paper P by being heated or pressed by the fixing belt 64. To settle.

  The recording paper P subjected to the fixing process in this manner is discharged outside the apparatus after passing between the rollers of the paper discharge roller pair 67. A stack unit 68 is formed on the upper surface of the housing of the printer main body, and the recording paper P discharged to the outside by the discharge roller pair 67 is sequentially stacked on the stack unit 68.

  Above the transfer unit 40, toner cartridges 72Y, 72C, 72M, and 72K, which are four toner containers that respectively store Y toner, C toner, M toner, and K toner, are disposed. The color toners in the toner cartridges 72Y, 72C, 72M, and 72K are appropriately supplied to the developing units 7Y, 7C, 7M, and 7K of the process units 1Y, 1C, 1M, and 1K by the toner replenishing device 70, respectively. The toner cartridges 72Y, 72C, 72M, and 72K are detachable from the printer main body independently of the process units 1Y, 1C, 1M, and 1K.

  Next, details of the image information acquired by the image information acquisition unit 103 will be described with reference to FIG. For convenience of explanation, FIG. 5 shows the flow of image information when the image forming apparatus is realized as an MFP including a copy function, a scanner function, and the like in addition to a printer function. First, a copy image flow will be described.

  When reading a document, a reading unit 611 in the engine unit 610 reads image information from the set document. Then, the reading unit 611 sends image information read as data separated into RGB colors to the scanner correction unit 612. The engine controller 616 controls processing of each component in the engine unit 610.

  FIG. 7 is a block diagram illustrating a detailed configuration of the scanner correction unit 612. As shown in the figure, the scanner correction unit 612 includes a scanner γ processing unit 612a that performs scanner gamma correction, a filter processing unit 612b that performs filter processing, a scaling processing unit 612c that performs scaling processing, and color correction processing. A color correction processing unit 612d. With these processes, RGB color signals (image information) are converted into CMYK color signals (image information).

  Returning to FIG. 6, the color data (image information) of CMYK 8 bits (4 × 8 bits) for each color after scaling is converted into n bits (n ≦ 8) for each color by a color multivalue data compressor 613 that compresses the data to a fixed length. It is converted into color data (image information).

  The CMYK image information compressed by the color multi-value data compressor 613 is sent to the printer controller 604 through the general-purpose bus 620. The printer controller 604 has an independent semiconductor memory 605 for each color, and stores sent image information.

  The stored image information is written to a hard disk (HDD) 606 as needed. This is for avoiding rereading the original again or performing electronic sorting even when the paper is clogged at the time of printout, that is, when the printing has not ended normally. Further, the read original may be stored in the hard disk 606 and re-output when necessary.

  When outputting image information, the image information in the hard disk 606 is once expanded in the semiconductor memory 605 and then sent to the engine unit 610 through the general-purpose bus 620. The sent image information is converted again into CMYK 8-bit image information by a color multi-value data decompressor 614 that decompresses the image at a fixed length in the engine unit 610. Then, the converted image information is sent to the printer correction unit 615.

  FIG. 8 is a block diagram illustrating a detailed configuration of the printer correction unit 615. As shown in the figure, the printer correction unit 615 performs a printer gamma correction unit 615a that performs printer gamma correction on each color of CMYK and halftone processing according to the characteristics of the process units 1Y, 1C, 1M, and 1K. A halftone processing unit 615b. The image information subjected to the halftone processing is modulated into laser light by the optical writing unit 20 and output to the transfer paper.

  The above is the case of copy processing. In the case of printer processing, the printer controller 604 directly draws a bitmap image (image information) on the semiconductor memory 605. Image information, which is bitmap data, passes through the general-purpose bus 620 and is directly sent to the optical writing unit 20 for printing without passing through the color multilevel data decompressor 614 and the printer correction unit 615.

  The image information of CMYK 2 bits × 4 channels before being sent to the optical writing unit 20 is sent to the image information acquisition unit 103. In this way, the image information acquisition unit 103 acquires image information after gradation processing. The number of bits of the image information after gradation processing is reduced in accordance with the capability of the image forming engine. For this reason, the amount of calculation when counting image information is small.

  The image information acquisition unit 103 divides the range of at least one of the effective range of image information in the main scanning direction (main scanning effective range) and the effective range of image information in the sub scanning direction (sub scanning effective range). Image information is acquired for each region. FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of the image information acquisition area.

  As shown in the figure, the image information is transmitted in parallel with the image information by a signal XLGATE indicating the main scanning effective range, a signal XFGATE indicating (sub-scanning effective range), and a pixel clock (not shown). It has been. For example, by counting the pixel clock after each signal is asserted, it is possible to specify which part of the pixel on the two-dimensional plane (the image information acquisition region in the figure) is being sent.

  Note that the size of the area into which the image information acquisition area is divided is limited by the resolution of the sensor, the influence of noise, or the minute amount replenishment performance of the toner replenishing device 70 as will be described later, but depends on the size of the output image. It is not a thing. For this reason, as shown in FIG. 10, the size of the divided area is always constant regardless of the size of the transfer paper at the time of printing. As a result, it is possible to obtain the maximum effect for stabilizing the toner density while suppressing the calculation amount.

  The image information acquisition unit 103 passes the image information of each region to the prediction data calculation unit 101 when XFGATE is negated. When the transfer speed of the developer in the developing unit is slow and the length of the transfer paper in the sub-scanning direction is short, the toner amount to be replenished after XFGATE is negated is calculated, and the toner replenishing device 70 Even if the toner is replenished by this, the replenishment can be performed in time for the next toner consumption. The details of the toner supply amount calculation method will be described later.

  Next, a basic supply pattern used when the supply control unit 102 controls the drive source 71 will be described. The basic replenishment pattern can be obtained by conducting an experiment or the like in advance. Hereinafter, a specific procedure for creating a basic supply pattern will be described.

  First, a toner concentration sensor for detecting the toner concentration of the Y developer passing through the measurement point B (see FIG. 4) located downstream of the toner supply port 17Y in the first agent storage unit 9Y in the developer circulation direction is disposed. To do.

  First, a basic pattern of toner supply operation by the toner supply device 70 (hereinafter referred to as “replenishment basic pattern”) is measured. FIG. 11 is a graph showing a basic supply pattern of the toner supply device 70 according to the first exemplary embodiment.

  The waveforms H1, H2, H3, H4, and H5 indicate the amount of toner that is replenished by a single drive operation of the drive source 71Y (hereinafter referred to as “replenishment operation”) for the Y developer in a state where there is no toner density unevenness. (Hereinafter referred to as “unit replenishment amount”) A waveform (hereinafter ““ unit replenishment amount ”) indicating a result of detecting a change in toner density over time at a measurement location B by a toner density sensor when toner replenishment is performed with five different replenishment patterns. It is called “Replenishment basic waveform”. The unit replenishment amount increases in the order of the replenishment basic waveforms H1, H2, H3, H4, and H5. The unit replenishment amount can be varied by changing the drive time and drive speed of the drive source 71Y in one replenishment operation.

  Next, the surface of the photoreceptor 3Y is divided into a plurality of regions in a direction orthogonal to the direction of movement of the photoreceptor surface (hereinafter referred to as “photoreceptor axial direction”), and each region has a unit area for toner density detection. The Y developer after forming each corresponding latent image of the same unit image and developing each latent image using the Y developer in a state where there is no toner density unevenness is measured at the location B without toner replenishment. The toner concentration sensor measures the change in toner concentration over time (basic consumption waveform). As a unit area for toner density detection when obtaining a basic consumption waveform, one dot area of image information is ideal, but in reality, the influence of sensor resolution and noise or a minute amount of the toner replenishing device 70 Since it is limited by the replenishment performance or the like, it is preferable to determine a unit area for toner density detection that can be set as small as possible in consideration of these. Further, the division interval when the surface of the photoreceptor 3Y is divided into a plurality of regions as described above is appropriately set according to the unit area for toner density detection. The basic consumption waveform measured in this way is as shown in the graph shown in the lower part of FIG. However, only the two regions located at both ends and the one region located at the center of the plurality of regions described above are depicted in the lower graph of FIG.

  In the graph shown in the lower part of FIG. 32, when the basic consumption waveforms of three latent images having different positions on the surface of the photosensitive member in the axial direction of the photosensitive member are compared with each other, the half width (broad state) and the minimum toner density are different from each other. ing. This is because the Y developer portion that has developed the latent image and consumed the toner is different in distance from the position where the Y developer portion is returned to the developer circulation conveyance path to the measurement location B, so that the returned Y developer is measured at the measurement location B. This is because the amount of agitation received from the first conveying screw 8Y is different while being conveyed.

  As described above, the consumption waveform after developing the latent images formed at different positions in the direction of movement of the surface of the photosensitive member has a full width at half maximum (broad state) and a minimum toner density, as the peak time is different. There is no difference. Therefore, if the basic consumption waveform for the latent images formed at the same position in the photoconductor axis direction is grasped, the consumption waveforms for the latent images formed at different positions in the photosensitive body surface movement direction It can be obtained simply by advancing or delaying the phase of the waveform by a predetermined time. Therefore, the consumption of the latent image formed at all positions on the photosensitive member can be measured only by measuring each basic consumption waveform for the latent image of the unit image of each region obtained by dividing the surface of the photosensitive member 3Y in the photosensitive member axial direction. The waveform can be grasped.

  Next, a basic replenishment waveform for canceling toner density unevenness due to each basic consumption waveform Kn is obtained. FIG. 12 is a graph showing a certain basic consumption waveform Kn and a basic supply waveform Jn ′ that cancels toner density unevenness due to the basic consumption waveform Kn.

  From the basic consumption waveform Kn and each supply basic waveform H1, H2, H3, H4, and H5, a waveform that cancels the basic consumption waveform Kn is created by combining each supply basic waveform H1, H2, H3, H4, and H5. The waveform is obtained as a basic supply waveform Jn ′. By performing the toner replenishment operation so as to obtain the basic replenishment waveform Jn ′ thus obtained, the toner density unevenness due to the development of the latent image corresponding to the basic consumption waveform Kn is eliminated at least at the measurement location B. be able to. Each toner supply pattern (toner supply amount control pattern) corresponding to each combination of the supply basic waveforms H1, H2, H3, H4, and H5 constituting each basic supply waveform Jn 'becomes each basic supply pattern.

  Next, specific contents of toner replenishment control in the first exemplary embodiment will be described. FIG. 13 is a graph showing an arbitrary consumption waveform K when an arbitrary image described in the upper part of the figure is formed, and a replenishment waveform J that cancels toner density unevenness due to the arbitrary consumption waveform K.

  When an arbitrary image is formed during actual image formation, the image information is sent to the prediction data calculation unit 101 of the control unit 100. The predicted data calculation unit 101 decomposes the latent image based on this image information into each position on the photoreceptor 3Y, and obtains a basic consumption waveform Kn corresponding to each separated latent image. A combination of the basic consumption waveforms Kn thus obtained is a waveform (predicted value) that approximates the arbitrary consumption waveform K shown in the figure, that is, a developer that develops a latent image based on the image information. It approximates a consumption waveform indicating a change in toner density over time when passing through the location B.

  Note that the unit image for obtaining the basic consumption waveform Kn is an image in which the pixel value is the maximum at each pixel within the unit area corresponding to the decomposed region. In the first embodiment, as described above, the pixel value takes a value of 2 bits (0 to 3). Therefore, when a pixel whose pixel value is smaller than the maximum value is included in the unit area, it is necessary to change the predicted value accordingly. That is, the prediction data calculation unit 101 first calculates the average value of the pixel values of each pixel in the divided area, and obtains the basic consumption waveform Kn by multiplying the ratio of the calculated average value to the maximum pixel value (for example, 3). The predicted data is calculated by synthesizing the obtained waveforms. Instead of the value obtained by dividing the average pixel value by the maximum pixel value, a value obtained by dividing the number of pixels having a pixel value other than 0 by the total number of pixels in the unit area may be used.

  As described above, the prediction data calculation unit 101 executes a predetermined calculation program, and based on the mechanism described above, the developer that develops the latent image based on the image information passes through the measurement location B based on the image information. A combination of a plurality of basic consumption waveforms Kn that is a decomposition component of the arbitrary consumption waveform K, which is a change in toner density with time, is calculated as prediction data.

  The prediction data (the combination data of a plurality of basic consumption waveforms Kn) calculated by the prediction data calculation unit 101 in this way is sent to the supply control unit 102. The replenishment control unit 102 combines a plurality of basic replenishment waveforms Jn ′ respectively corresponding to these basic consumption waveforms Kn, so that a replenishment waveform that cancels the toner density unevenness indicated by the arbitrary consumption waveform K as shown in FIG. A supply waveform J close to J, that is, a waveform having an opposite phase to the arbitrary consumption waveform K can be created. Therefore, the replenishment control unit 102 obtains a combination of basic replenishment waveforms Jn ′ corresponding to the combination of the plurality of basic consumption waveforms Kn based on the prediction data. Next, by combining various basic supply patterns previously stored in the RAM so as to correspond to the obtained combination of basic supply waveforms Jn ′, a toner supply operation (toner supply pattern) corresponding to the predicted data is performed. decide.

  Similar to the prediction data calculation unit 101, the supply control unit 102 obtains a waveform obtained by multiplying the basic supply waveform Jn ′ by a value obtained by dividing the average pixel value of each pixel in the divided area by the maximum pixel value. The toner replenishment operation is determined by obtaining the toner replenishment pattern in combination.

  Then, the replenishment control unit 102 performs drive control of the drive source 71Y with the determined toner replenishment operation (toner replenishment pattern). Since the replenishment waveform obtained by such a toner replenishment operation is a combination of the basic replenishment waveforms Jn ′ according to the basic replenishment patterns, the replenishment waveform J shown in FIG. Therefore, the toner density unevenness indicated by the arbitrary consumption waveform K is sufficiently eliminated at the measurement location B as shown by the thick solid line in FIG.

  In the first embodiment, as described above, the image information acquisition unit 103 acquires image information in units of divisions corresponding to regions obtained by dividing the image information acquisition region into a plurality of regions. The toner replenishment control as described above can be executed based on each of the divided image information. For this reason, it is possible to calculate the toner replenishment amount with higher accuracy than the method of acquiring image information in a lump without dividing and calculating the toner replenishment amount based on the acquired image information. .

(Modification 1)
In the above-described embodiment, as shown in FIG. 9, the image information is divided in both the main scanning direction and the sub-scanning direction of the image information acquisition region. On the other hand, the image information may be acquired by dividing the region only in the sub-scanning direction. FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating an example of an image information acquisition region configured as described above. With such a configuration, the number of divisions can be reduced, so that it is possible to reduce the calculation amount for determining the toner replenishment amount.

  In the above-described embodiment, the image information acquisition unit 103 passes the image information of each region to the prediction data calculation unit 101 when XFGATE is negated. On the other hand, the writing may be performed by the optical writing unit 20, and the image information may be transferred to the prediction data calculation unit 101 immediately after the image information of the written part is obtained. FIG. 14 also shows how image information is acquired in such a configuration.

  That is, when the image information acquisition area is divided into four areas 1 to 4 as shown in the figure, when the acquisition of the image information of each area is completed, the image information for each acquired area is calculated as predicted data. Sent to the unit 101.

  With such a configuration, even when the developer advancing speed is high, replenishment of consumed toner can be performed without delay if a predetermined condition is satisfied.

(Modification 2)
In the above-described embodiment, as shown in FIG. 8, image information after gradation processing is output to the image information acquisition unit 103 by the halftone processing unit 615 b in the printer correction unit 615. In contrast, the image information before performing the printer gamma correction may be output to the image information acquisition unit 103. FIG. 15 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the printer correction unit 2015 of the present modification configured as described above. As shown in the figure, in this modification, image information before γ conversion is sent to the image information acquisition unit 103. In the image information before γ conversion, the value of the image information corresponds to the density value of the final image. Since the density value and the toner consumption amount are proportional, by using the image information before γ conversion, the consumed toner amount can be obtained more accurately and an image forming apparatus with a stable density can be obtained.

  As described above, in the image forming apparatus according to the first exemplary embodiment, the prediction data of the temporal change in the toner density generated at the specific location by the development is calculated, and the toner at the predetermined supply location is calculated based on the prediction data. Adjust the replenishment amount. Since the two-component developer circulates in the developer circulation conveyance path, the toner concentration unevenness of the two-component developer can be grasped as a change with time in the toner concentration of the two-component developer passing through a specific location. Then, based on the prediction data, which is a predicted value of the change in toner density over time, the toner supply amount at a predetermined supply point is set so as to eliminate the change in toner concentration over time of the two-component developer passing through the specific part. Since the adjustment is performed, toner density unevenness of the two-component developer at least at a specific location can be eliminated.

  In addition, the control target of the replenishment control unit according to the first exemplary embodiment is one (single) drive source of the toner replenishment unit. For this reason, only one drive source for replenishing toner is required to cancel out the toner density unevenness. Therefore, the problem of the increase in the size of the device and the increase in the cost of the devices described in Patent Documents 1 and 2, which require a plurality of drive sources in order to cancel the toner density unevenness, do not occur.

  In the first embodiment, since the toner replenishment amount can be calculated based on each of the divided image information and the toner replenishment control can be executed, more accurate control can be realized.

(Embodiment 2)
The image information acquisition unit 103 of the second embodiment has the same configuration as that of the first embodiment. Based on this, in the second embodiment, as described later, replenishment is performed as a method for obtaining the same effect as the method of using the replenishment waveform to decompose the prediction data calculated by the prediction data calculation unit 101 of the first embodiment. By using an anti-phase filter that indicates a toner replenishment amount that generates a replenishment waveform that is in reverse phase with respect to the consumption waveform in consideration of the waveform in advance, each control sampling for the replenishment result to be in reverse phase of the predicted data Is directly calculated from the image information.

  FIG. 16 is a functional block diagram of a mechanism that performs toner supply control according to the second embodiment. As shown in the figure, as in the first embodiment, the control unit 2100 is provided with an image information acquisition unit 2103 as an image information acquisition unit that acquires image data (image information) from a personal computer or an image reading apparatus. Yes.

  The replenishment control unit 2102 serving as a characteristic detection unit, a replenishment amount calculation unit, and a replenishment control unit includes an anti-phase filter (not shown) as a filter unit that directly calculates a replenishment amount from image information. The image information acquisition unit 2103 sends a pseudo impulse signal (described later) corresponding to the acquired image information to the antiphase filter. The antiphase filter generates a replenishment pattern whose replenishment result has an antiphase waveform from the received pseudo impulse signal, and calculates a replenishment amount for each control sampling period based on the replenishment pattern based on the image information. Also in the second embodiment, image information from a personal computer or an image reading apparatus is input and the replenishment amount is calculated based on the image information. However, the number of laser beams (dots) emitted from the optical writing unit 20 (Number) may be used as image information, and the replenishment amount may be calculated based on the image information.

  The antiphase filter can be obtained by conducting an experiment or the like in advance. Hereinafter, a procedure for creating an antiphase filter will be described.

  First, a toner concentration sensor that detects the toner concentration of the developer passing through the measurement point B (see FIG. 4) located downstream of the toner supply port 17 in the first agent storage unit 9Y in the developer circulation direction is disposed. . Then, toner is replenished from the toner replenishing port 17, and the change in toner concentration with time (replenishment waveform) is measured by the toner density sensor at the measurement location B. The replenishment waveform measured and measured in this way is as shown in the graph of FIG. In the second embodiment, only one pattern generated when toner is replenished with a typical replenishment amount is measured as a unit replenishment waveform.

  Next, the surface of the photosensitive member 3 is divided into a plurality of regions in a direction orthogonal to the moving direction of the photosensitive member surface (hereinafter referred to as “main scanning direction”), and each region corresponds to a unit area for toner density detection. A latent image of the same unit image is formed. Then, the developer after developing each latent image using a developer in a state where there is no toner density unevenness is a time change (consumption waveform) of the toner density by the toner density sensor at the measurement location B without replenishing the toner. Measure.

  Here, as a unit area for toner density detection when obtaining a consumption waveform, one dot area of image information is ideal. However, it is actually limited by the resolution of the sensor, the influence of noise, or the minute amount replenishment performance of the toner replenishing device 70. Therefore, it is preferable to determine a unit area for toner density detection that can be set as small as possible in consideration of these. For example, when the resolution of the image information is low or the processing speed of the controller is limited, the minimum unit of the unit area is set to the entire printing paper, and the amplitude of the consumption waveform is approximated as the total image area for each printing. You may do it.

  Further, the division interval when the surface of the photoreceptor 3Y is divided into a plurality of regions as described above is appropriately set according to the unit area for toner density detection.

  The consumption waveform measured in this way is like the graph shown in FIG. However, the graph of the consumption waveform depicted in FIG. 7B is only for the region A of the plurality of regions shown in FIG.

  An antiphase filter that satisfies the relationship of FIG. 18 is constructed from the supply waveform and the consumption waveform obtained as described above. The vertical axis of the antiphase filter shown in the figure is a replenishment amount instruction value (toner amount [mg], motor drive time conversion value [msec], etc.) for each control sampling period. The horizontal axis of the antiphase filter is the control sampling period (the interval between bars shown in the antiphase filter graph is one sample period, which is usually a fixed value, for example, 200 [msec]). .

  Here, FIG. 18 will be briefly described with reference to FIG. When consumption of an arbitrary image area ratio is performed once, a pseudo impulse signal corresponding to the image area ratio is given to the antiphase filter. Note that the image area ratio represents the ratio of pixels whose pixel values are not 0 within a unit area. When the pixel value is binary (0 or 1), the image area ratio corresponds to the average value of the pixel values. When the pixel value is multivalued (for example, 0 to 3), a value obtained by dividing the average value of the pixel values by the maximum pixel value may be used instead of the image area ratio. Hereinafter, a case where the image area ratio is used will be described as an example.

  The anti-phase filter creates an impulse response for each control sampling period using this pseudo impulse signal, and creates an anti-phase waveform indicating the replenishment amount according to the amplitude of the impulse response. By replenishing the replenishment amount indicated by the reverse phase waveform, the reverse phase waveform is the reverse phase of the consumption waveform, and thus the consumption waveform is canceled. In addition, as a method for creating an anti-phase filter, a generally known system identification method called “Filtered-X LMS” is used, but is not limited thereto. The antiphase filter may be an FIR filter mounted on a DSP (digital signal processor) or the like, or may be approximated by a paratric model using an IIR filter.

  In addition, when a time lag occurs between the consumption waveform and the replenishment waveform, a time delay element may be separately provided before and after the antiphase filter.

  The minimum unit area for each region in the main scanning direction of the image formed on the surface of the photoreceptor 3 in which the main scanning direction is divided into regions A, B, C, and D based on the image information as shown in FIG. When the anti-phase filters A, B, C, and D for the consumption waveforms A, B, C, and D are created by the above-described method, the result is as shown in FIG.

  Here, when the image position and the image area change, the toner replenishment amount can be obtained by superimposing the output results of the antiphase filter having the minimum unit area, and an arbitrary antiphase waveform can be created. In other words, when a pseudo impulse signal having an arbitrary amplitude is input at an arbitrary time, the antiphase filter automatically outputs an amplitude proportional to the input amplitude thereafter. The shape and number of anti-phase filters in each region in the main scanning direction is only one. When different pseudo impulse signals are sequentially input to the anti-phase filter, they are automatically proportional to the input amplitude. In addition, an antiphase waveform superimposed with a time lag shift is output.

  When the actual image area ratio is smaller than the minimum unit area, the amplitude of the pseudo impulse signal given to the antiphase filter is multiplied by the image area ratio with respect to the minimum unit area. As a result, the output value of the antiphase filter is automatically changed to the image area ratio times the minimum unit area.

  Next, an anti-phase waveform having an anti-phase with respect to the consumption waveform is calculated as prediction data using the anti-phase filter from the image information shown in FIG. 21, and the toner with the replenishment amount based on the calculated anti-phase waveform and prediction data The case where the toner density unevenness at the measurement location B is eliminated by replenishment will be described.

  When the user performs printing based on the image information shown in the figure, the image information acquisition unit 2103 at the position of each minimum unit area for each of the regions A, B, C, and D in the main scanning direction on the surface of the photoreceptor 3. An image area ratio is calculated. Then, in consideration of a printing time lag, the image information acquisition unit 2103 gives a pseudo impulse signal having an amplitude corresponding to the image area ratio to each antiphase filter for each region in the main scanning direction. Each anti-phase filter generates an impulse response for each control sampling period by this pseudo impulse signal, and the replenishment result is an anti-phase waveform with respect to the consumption waveform for each region in the main scanning direction instructing the replenishment amount according to the amplitude of the impulse response. The replenishment pattern is calculated. The amount of replenishment for each region in the main scanning direction calculated in this way is summed for each control sampling period, and the result of replenishment passes through the measurement location B. The replenishment amount that is the opposite phase of the data is calculated. The toner replenishing device 70 whose toner replenishment operation is controlled by the replenishment control unit 2102 based on this replenishment amount replenishes toner with a predetermined replenishment amount every control sampling period. Since the waveform prediction data obtained by superimposing the anti-phase waveform for each region in the main scanning direction related to the replenishment is the anti-phase waveform of the consumption waveform, the toner replenishing device 70 replenishes the toner according to the replenishment amount. The consumption waveform when printing is performed based on the image information can be canceled. Therefore, the toner density unevenness at the measurement location B can be sufficiently eliminated.

  As described above, the antiphase filter is designed by conducting an experiment in advance. On the other hand, the toner characteristics in the developing device can change over time or due to environmental changes such as temperature and humidity. When the toner characteristics change, the toner consumption waveform also changes, so even if the toner replenishment amount is calculated using an optimally designed anti-phase filter at a certain point, an error occurs with the reverse phase waveform of the actual toner consumption waveform, As a result, toner density fluctuation may occur.

  Therefore, in the present embodiment, characteristic information representing toner characteristics in the developing device is detected, and the anti-phase filter that is most suitable for the detected characteristic information is switched. Thereby, even when the toner characteristics change, the toner supply amount calculation accuracy can be improved and the toner density fluctuation can be suppressed.

  For example, by using a toner density sensor, it is possible to detect a change in toner density over time as characteristic information. In the present exemplary embodiment, toner diffusivity indicating whether the temporal change in toner density is steep is detected as characteristic information. By detecting the diffusibility of the toner in the developing device that most affects the calculation accuracy of the toner replenishment amount by the antiphase filter, it becomes possible to use an antiphase filter corresponding to the diffusivity, and the toner replenishment amount with high accuracy. Can be calculated. The applicable characteristic information is not limited to the diffusibility of the toner, and for example, characteristic information representing other toner characteristics that can change with time or according to environmental changes may be used.

In this embodiment, a plurality of antiphase filters for switching according to the toner characteristics are designed and held in advance. In the example of FIGS. 20 and 21 described above, a plurality of sets of anti-phase filters corresponding to different toner diffusivities are designed in advance for each of the regions A, B, C, and D in the main scanning direction, and are retained. Keep it. For example, when the toner diffusivity is w and the two threshold values predetermined for the toner diffusivity are w1 and w2 (w1 <w2), three types of antiphase filters A to D are set as follows: Design it.
(1) When w1 <w: Antiphase filters A1 to D1
(2) When w1 ≦ w <w2: antiphase filters A2 to D2
(3) When w ≦ w2: Antiphase filters A3 to D3

  Then, the replenishment control unit 2102 selects a corresponding set of antiphase filters A to D depending on which of the three types of sets the detected toner diffusivity w belongs to. With this configuration, it is possible to switch the antiphase filter in real time.

  Each anti-phase filter can be designed by a method similar to the design method described with reference to FIG. However, it is necessary to design an antiphase filter corresponding to the diffusibility of the toner of each set. For example, in order to design the anti-phase filters A1 to D1, the data of the consumption waveform A and the unit supply waveform when the toner diffusivity w is w1 <w is measured, and the anti-phase filter is measured using the data. design. The consumption waveform and unit supply waveform data may be measured by experimentally changing the characteristics of the toner so that the diffusibility w of the toner satisfies the condition of w1 <w. Further, the consumption waveform and replenishment waveform data may be calculated using a simulator that simulates the behavior inside the developing device.

  Note that the number of anti-phase filters to be switched is not limited to three. For example, two anti-phase filters may be prepared, and one of the two anti-phase filters may be selected depending on the magnitude of detected characteristic information and a predetermined threshold value. Moreover, you may comprise so that any of a 4 or more antiphase filter may be selected using a 3 or more threshold value.

  Hereinafter, a filter switching process for switching the antiphase filter according to the toner characteristics (characteristic information) will be described. FIG. 22 is a flowchart illustrating an overall flow of the filter switching process according to the second embodiment. The filter switching process is periodically executed every time a predetermined time elapses.

  First, the replenishment control unit 2102 determines whether or not a predetermined time has elapsed since the previous filter switching process (step S1). Note that during the filter switching process, image output from the image forming apparatus is stopped, so it is not desirable to execute the process frequently. Therefore, for example, the filter switching process is executed every several hours. Note that the filter switching process may be executed every time a predetermined number (for example, several hundreds) of images are output.

  If the predetermined time has not elapsed (step S1: No), the filter switching process is terminated. When the predetermined time has elapsed (step S1: Yes), the replenishment control unit 2102 detects the diffusibility of the toner in the developing device.

  Specifically, the replenishment control unit 2102 first develops a predetermined image pattern (step S2), and stores the time change (toner consumption waveform) of the toner concentration detected by the toner concentration sensor at that time. . Then, the replenishment control unit 2102 detects the half width of the stored toner consumption waveform as the toner diffusibility (step S3).

  A method for detecting toner diffusibility (half-value width of toner consumption waveform) will be described below. FIG. 23 is a diagram illustrating an example of an image pattern used at the time of detection. This figure exemplifies an image pattern which is a full-color image (an image filled with a full-color black).

  FIG. 24 and FIG. 25 are diagrams illustrating an example of a temporal change in the detected toner density. The vertical axis represents the fluctuation value of the toner density sensor (hereinafter referred to as the toner density fluctuation value). Note that the output value of the toner density sensor when development of a predetermined image pattern is started is set to zero.

  FIG. 24 shows an example of the change over time in the toner concentration detected when the diffusibility of the toner in the developing device is low. FIG. 25 shows an example of a change over time in the toner concentration detected when the diffusibility of the toner in the developing device is high.

  T1 and T2 represent peak values of toner density fluctuation values. w1 and w2 represent a half-value width that means a length of time during which the toner density fluctuation value is equal to or greater than half the peak value. The peak value T can be obtained from the stored toner density fluctuation value. The half-value width w can be obtained from the length of time during which the toner density fluctuation value is T / 2 or more. As described above, in the present embodiment, this half width is used as characteristic information representing toner diffusibility. Other indicators may be used as long as they exhibit toner diffusibility.

  As shown in FIG. 24, when the diffusibility of the toner is low, the peak value (T1) of the consumption waveform is high and the half-value width (w1) is small. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 25, if the diffusibility of the toner is high, the peak value (T2) of the consumption waveform is low and the full width at half maximum (w2) is large.

  FIGS. 24 and 25 show the change in toner density over time corresponding to w1 and w2, which are the above-described threshold values of toner diffusivity.

  Returning to FIG. 22, the replenishment control unit 2102 selects an optimum antiphase filter from the detected toner diffusibility (half-value width w of the consumption waveform) (step S <b> 4). For example, the replenishment control unit 2102 compares the detected toner diffusivity w with the threshold values w1 and w2, and the inverse corresponding to any one of the above (1) to (3) determined according to the comparison result. Select a phase filter.

  With the above configuration, even when the diffusibility of the toner in the developing device changes, the toner replenishment amount can be calculated using the optimum antiphase filter corresponding to the diffusivity, and the toner density fluctuation occurs. Can be prevented. Further, by using a predetermined image pattern, the diffusibility of the toner in the developing device can be detected by a simple operation.

(Modification 3)
In the second embodiment, the entire solid image is developed to detect the diffusibility of the toner, and the antiphase filters A to D are switched at once. In this modification, the toner diffusibility is detected for each of the regions A to D into which the image information is divided, and the antiphase filters A to D are switched independently for each divided region.

  FIG. 26 is a flowchart showing the overall flow of the filter switching process of the present modification. Since step S11 is the same process as step S1 of Embodiment 2, the description thereof is omitted.

  If it is determined in step S11 that the predetermined time has elapsed (step S11: Yes), the replenishment control unit 2102 corresponds to the position in the main scanning direction of the divided area (image division position) with respect to the unprocessed divided area. Then, the predetermined image pattern is developed (step S12), and the toner consumption waveform is stored. For example, the replenishment control unit 2102 first develops an image pattern corresponding to the position A among the positions A to D in the main scanning direction of FIG. FIG. 27 is a diagram illustrating an example of an image pattern for each divided region. This figure exemplifies an image pattern filled with black for each divided region.

  Returning to FIG. 26, the replenishment control unit 2102 detects the half-value width of the stored toner consumption waveform as the diffusibility of toner with respect to the image pattern of the currently processed divided region (step S13). Next, the replenishment control unit 2102 selects an optimal antiphase filter for the divided region currently being processed based on the detected toner diffusibility (step S14). For example, when the target is the divided area A, the replenishment control unit 2102 detects the diffusibility of the detected toner from the antiphase filters A1, A2, and A3 designed in advance corresponding to different toner diffusivities. The optimum anti-phase filter is selected according to.

  Next, the replenishment control unit 2102 determines whether or not all the divided areas have been processed (step S15). If not processed (step S15: No), the next unprocessed divided area is processed. The process is repeated (step S12). In the example of FIG. 20, the optimum antiphase filter is selected for each of the divided regions A to D in this way.

  With the above configuration, since the change in the toner diffusibility can be individually detected for the image division positions A to D and the anti-phase filter can be switched, more time is required to switch the anti-phase filter, but with higher accuracy. It is possible to calculate the toner replenishment amount.

  Note that the number of anti-phase filters designed in advance corresponding to different toner diffusibility can be changed depending on the image division position. For example, the toner consumption waveform of an image developed at position D on the upstream side of the stirring path of the developing device is most susceptible to changes in toner diffusivity because the stirring path to the toner density sensor is the longest. Therefore, for example, three types of anti-phase filters corresponding to different toner diffusivities are designed for positions A and B, four types for position C, and five types for position D. As a result, it is possible to switch the anti-phase filter more finely to the position that is most susceptible to the change in the diffusibility of the toner.

(Modification 4)
In Embodiment 2, the diffusibility of toner when a predetermined image pattern is developed is detected. In this modification, a predetermined amount of toner is replenished, and the diffusibility of the toner in the developing device is detected from the temporal change (toner replenishment waveform) of the toner concentration detected by the toner concentration sensor.

  FIG. 28 is a flowchart showing the overall flow of the filter switching process of the present modification. The basic operation is the same as that in the second embodiment, and the processing in step S22 is different from step S2 in the second embodiment.

  In other words, in the present modification, the replenishment control unit 2102 executes toner replenishment for a predetermined amount (for example, about 1 second), and stores the change in toner concentration detected by the toner concentration sensor at that time (step S22). .

  When the toner is replenished in this way, the toner density fluctuation value is a fluctuation in the opposite direction to that of the second embodiment in which the toner is consumed. That is, for example, in the examples of FIGS. 24 and 25, the toner density fluctuation value fluctuates above the reference 0, but in this modification, it fluctuates below the reference 0 (a mountain is formed on the lower side). The method for calculating the half width w is the same as that in the second embodiment.

  With the above configuration, as in the second embodiment, the toner replenishment amount can be calculated using an antiphase filter corresponding to the diffusibility of the toner in the developing device.

(Modification 5)
In the second embodiment and the third to fourth modifications, the toner diffusibility is detected from the change over time in the toner density detected by the toner density sensor, and the antiphase filter is automatically switched. On the other hand, for example, a person in charge of maintenance of the image forming apparatus may manually switch the antiphase filter from the operation panel of the image forming apparatus. In this case, the toner density sensor detects the toner diffusibility, displays information on the operation panel that the toner diffusivity is higher / lower than the initial state, and manually operates the anti-phase filter. It is also possible to give it as judgment information at the time of selection.

1Y, 1C, 1M, 1K Process unit 3Y, 3C, 3M, 3K Photoconductor 7Y, 7C, 7M, 7K Development unit 8Y First transport screw 9Y First agent storage portion 11Y Second transport screw 12Y Developing roll 14Y Second agent Storage unit 17Y Toner supply port 20 Optical writing unit 40 Transfer unit 50 Secondary transfer roller 60 Fixing unit 70 Toner supply device 71Y Drive source 72Y, 72C, 72M, 72K Toner cartridge 100, 2100 Control unit 101 Prediction data calculation unit 102, 2102 Supply control unit 103, 2103 Image information acquisition unit 604 Printer controller 605 Semiconductor memory 606 Hard disk 610 Engine unit 611 Reading unit 612 Scanner correction unit 613 Color multi-value data compressor 614 Color multi-value data Data expander 615, 2015 Printer correction unit 616 Engine controller 620 General-purpose bus

JP-A-11-219015 JP 2006-171177 A

Claims (9)

A latent image forming means for forming a latent image by irradiating a rotating or moving image carrier with a light beam according to image information;
Conveying means for circulating and conveying a two-component developer containing toner and carrier on the conveying path;
Toner supply means capable of supplying toner to the two-component developer at a predetermined supply location on the transport path;
Developing means for developing the latent image formed on the image carrier with the two-component developer;
Image information acquisition means for acquiring the image information;
Characteristic detection means for detecting characteristic information representing the characteristic of the toner;
A toner replenishment amount that eliminates a temporal change in toner concentration of the two-component developer at a specific location on the transport path by developing a latent image corresponding to the image information by performing a filter operation on the image information. A plurality of filter means predetermined according to the characteristic information,
A replenishment amount calculating means for calculating the toner replenishment amount using the filter means corresponding to the detected characteristic information among the plurality of filter means;
Replenishment control means for controlling the toner replenishing means to replenish the calculated toner replenishment amount of toner at the replenishment location;
An image forming apparatus comprising: The characteristic detection means detects the characteristic information representing a change in toner density over time at a predetermined detection location on the conveyance path;
The image forming apparatus according to claim 1. The characteristic detecting means detects, as the characteristic information, toner diffusivity indicating whether or not a change in toner density with time at the detection location is steep;
The image forming apparatus according to claim 2. The characteristic detection means detects the characteristic information representing a temporal change in toner density at the detection location when developing image information of a predetermined pattern;
The image forming apparatus according to claim 2. The image information acquisition means acquires the image information in a division unit obtained by dividing the image information in at least one of a main scanning direction and a sub-scanning direction,
The characteristic detection means detects the characteristic information representing a change over time in toner density at the detection location when developing image information of a pattern predetermined for each division unit for each division unit;
The replenishment amount calculating means calculates the toner replenishment amount for each of the divided units using the filter means corresponding to the detected characteristic information among the plurality of filter means.
The image forming apparatus according to claim 4. The characteristic detection means detects the characteristic information representing a change in toner density over time at the detection location when a predetermined amount of toner is replenished;
The image forming apparatus according to claim 2. The characteristic detection means detects the characteristic information every time a predetermined time elapses;
The image forming apparatus according to claim 1. The characteristic detection means detects the characteristic information every time a predetermined number of the image information is developed;
The image forming apparatus according to claim 1. A latent image forming means for forming a latent image by irradiating a light beam according to image information onto a rotating or moving image carrier, and a two-component developer including toner and a carrier are circulated and conveyed on the conveyance path. A toner supply unit capable of supplying toner to the two-component developer at a predetermined supply point on the conveyance path, and a latent image formed on the image carrier is developed by the two-component developer. An image forming method executed by an image forming apparatus comprising:
An image information acquisition means for acquiring the image information;
A characteristic detecting step for detecting characteristic information representing the characteristic of the toner;
The replenishment amount calculating means performs a filter operation on the image information to develop a temporal change in the toner concentration of the two-component developer at a specific location on the conveyance path by developing the latent image according to the image information. The toner replenishment amount is calculated by using the filter unit according to the detected characteristic information among a plurality of filter units predetermined according to the characteristic information and capable of calculating the toner replenishment amount that can be eliminated. A replenishment amount calculating step;
A replenishment control step for controlling the toner replenishment means so that the replenishment control means replenishes the calculated toner replenishment amount of toner at the replenishment location;
An image forming method comprising:

Images