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JP5001355B2 - Coke oven gas reformer - Google Patents

Coke oven gas reformer Download PDF

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JP5001355B2
JP5001355B2 JP2009510709A JP2009510709A JP5001355B2 JP 5001355 B2 JP5001355 B2 JP 5001355B2 JP 2009510709 A JP2009510709 A JP 2009510709A JP 2009510709 A JP2009510709 A JP 2009510709A JP 5001355 B2 JP5001355 B2 JP 5001355B2
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coke oven
reaction
mixing zone
zone
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JPWO2008129676A1 (en
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優久雄 片山
活美 土屋
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K E M Corp
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/58Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels combined with pre-distillation of the fuel
    • C10J3/60Processes
    • C10J3/64Processes with decomposition of the distillation products
    • C10J3/66Processes with decomposition of the distillation products by introducing them into the gasification zone
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10BDESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B27/00Arrangements for withdrawal of the distillation gases
    • C10B27/06Conduit details, e.g. valves
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/164Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with conversion of synthesis gas
    • C10J2300/1643Conversion of synthesis gas to energy
    • C10J2300/165Conversion of synthesis gas to energy integrated with a gas turbine or gas motor

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Industrial Gases (AREA)
  • Coke Industry (AREA)
  • Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)

Description

本発明は、コークス炉ガスの改質器に関する。より詳しくは、本発明は、今まで熱回収が不可能であった高温度のコークス炉ガスからの顕熱回収を可能にするとともに、環境汚染物質を多量に含むタール留分をガスに転換して、未反応タール量をほとんど無くすことを可能とする反応器の形状に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a coke oven gas reformer. More specifically, the present invention enables sensible heat recovery from high-temperature coke oven gas, which until now has not been possible to recover heat, and converts a tar fraction containing a large amount of environmental pollutants into gas. Thus, the present invention relates to a reactor shape that makes it possible to almost eliminate the amount of unreacted tar.

従来、コークス炉から出てくる700〜800℃のコークス炉ガスは、アンモニア水を散布されて80〜100℃にまで冷却されており、従って顕熱の利用が全くなされていなかった。この顕熱を利用する方法として、特許文献1(特開2001-220584号公報)には、コークス炉ガスの改質並びに顕熱回収方法が開示されている。該公報には、コークス炉ガスに含まれるタール留分の凝集コーキングによるトラブルの故に今まで利用されずに捨てられていた700〜800℃のコークス炉ガスが持つ顕熱を回収可能とし、かつコークス炉ガス中のタール留分やタールスラッジをガスやチャーに転換させて、クリーンなガス燃料を製造するための処理方法が記されている。しかし、改質器の形状については特に記載が無い。
上記特許文献1の発明の実験結果が、経済産業省鉄鋼課製鉄企画室からの補助事業として財団法人金属系材料研究開発センターが受託した平成16年度の「製鉄プロセスガス利用水素製造技術開発」成果報告書に記載されている。その46〜47頁のデータから算出した未反応タール量は、炭素ベースで2〜8%である。この数値は、コークス炉ガス処理量が1Nm/時の小型実験装置での値であり、装置が大型化するにしたがって未反応タール量は増加する傾向にある。
実際のコークス炉におけるコークス炉ガスの流量は、上記報告書にあるベンチプラントと比べて、1門当り500〜600倍であり、未反応タールの量が全炭素量換算で10%以上になる可能性を有している。未反応タールが多くなれば熱回収や生成ガスのクリンナップに支障をきたすこととなる。
特開2001-220584号公報
Conventionally, 700 to 800 ° C. coke oven gas coming out of a coke oven has been sprayed with ammonia water and cooled to 80 to 100 ° C. Therefore, no sensible heat has been used. As a method using this sensible heat, Patent Document 1 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-220584) discloses a coke oven gas reforming and sensible heat recovery method. The gazette makes it possible to recover the sensible heat of coke oven gas at 700 to 800 ° C. that has been discarded without being used because of troubles caused by coagulation coking of the tar fraction contained in the coke oven gas. A treatment method for producing clean gas fuel by converting tar fraction and tar sludge in the furnace gas into gas and char is described. However, there is no particular description about the shape of the reformer.
The result of the experiment of the invention of the above-mentioned Patent Document 1 is the result of "Development of technology for hydrogen production using steelmaking process gas" in 2004, which was commissioned by the Research Institute for Metal-Based Materials as a subsidized project from the Steelmaking Planning Office, Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry. It is stated in the report. The amount of unreacted tar calculated from the data on pages 46 to 47 is 2 to 8% on a carbon basis. This value is a value in a small experimental apparatus having a coke oven gas throughput of 1 Nm 3 / hour, and the unreacted tar amount tends to increase as the apparatus becomes larger.
The flow rate of coke oven gas in an actual coke oven is 500 to 600 times per gate compared to the bench plant described in the above report, and the amount of unreacted tar can be 10% or more in terms of total carbon. It has sex. If the amount of unreacted tar increases, heat recovery and product gas cleanup will be hindered.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-220584

本発明は、コークス炉ガスに含まれるタール留分の凝集コーキングトラブルの故に今まで利用されずに捨てられていた700〜800℃のコークス炉ガスが持つ顕熱を回収可能とし、またコークス炉ガス中のタール留分やタールスラッジをガスやチャーに転換させて未反応タール分を殆んどゼロとする、クリーンなガス燃料を製造することを可能にする改質器を提供しようとするものである。上記成果報告書の35頁では、拡散ゾーン(該報告書では、ソーキングゾーンと称している)が円柱形である故に、混合ゾーン(該報告書ではドライガス化ヘッドと称している)で生成した乱流が拡散ゾーンで消滅せず、渦の中心部に巻き込まれたタール溜分が未反応タール生成の主要因となっていると考えられる。そこでこの未反応タール留分やタールスラッジを熱分解、水蒸気改質やガス化等の反応によって効率よく消滅もしくは無害化させる事が重要である。 The present invention makes it possible to recover the sensible heat of the 700 to 800 ° C. coke oven gas that has been discarded without being used up to now due to coagulation trouble of the tar fraction contained in the coke oven gas. It is intended to provide a reformer that makes it possible to produce clean gas fuel by converting the tar fraction and tar sludge in the gas to gas and char so that the unreacted tar content is almost zero. is there. On page 35 of the above results report, the diffusion zone (referred to as soaking zone in the report) is cylindrical, so it was generated in the mixing zone (referred to as dry gasification head in the report). It is considered that the turbulent flow does not disappear in the diffusion zone, and the tar fraction entrained in the central part of the vortex is the main factor for the generation of unreacted tar. Therefore, it is important to efficiently eliminate or detoxify the unreacted tar fraction and tar sludge by reactions such as thermal decomposition, steam reforming, and gasification.

本発明者は、改質器を、コークス炉ガスと反応気体とが混合されて反応がある程度進む混合ゾーンと、この気体混合物が更に反応して熱分解或いはガス化がほぼ完全に進行する拡散ゾーンと、に分け、混合ゾーンから拡散ゾーンへと移る拡散ゾーン入口区間の流路断面積を一旦狭めた構造とし、この入口区間の形状を流れ方向に向かって、特定の角度で広げることによって、上記の渦が消せることを見出し、本改質器を発明した。 The present inventor has developed a reformer comprising a mixing zone in which coke oven gas and reaction gas are mixed and the reaction proceeds to a certain extent, and a diffusion zone in which the gas mixture further reacts and thermal decomposition or gasification proceeds almost completely. The flow path cross-sectional area of the diffusion zone inlet section moving from the mixing zone to the diffusion zone is once narrowed, and the shape of this inlet section is widened at a specific angle toward the flow direction, thereby We found that this vortex could be eliminated and invented this reformer.

即ち、(1)本発明は、コークス炉から出てくるコークス炉ガスを改質する改質器において、
該改質器が混合ゾーンおよび該混合ゾーンの下流に連結されている拡散ゾーンを有し、混合ゾーンから拡散ゾーンへと移る拡散ゾーン入口区間の流路断面積が混合ゾーンの断面積より狭い構造とし、混合ゾーンにはコークス炉ガスおよび該ガスと反応されるべき反応気体が導入されて反応が起き、生じたガス混合物は次いで拡散ゾーンに送られ、そこで反応が更に進行すること、および、該混合ゾーン出口に接続している拡散ゾーンの入口区間の器内壁が、ガス混合物の流れ方向に拡散ゾーンの中心軸と5〜10度の広がり角度を成していることを特徴とする、上記コークス炉ガス用改質器である。
That is, (1) the present invention is a reformer for reforming coke oven gas coming out of a coke oven,
A structure in which the reformer has a mixing zone and a diffusion zone connected downstream of the mixing zone, and a cross-sectional area of a flow path at a diffusion zone inlet section that moves from the mixing zone to the diffusion zone is narrower than a cross-sectional area of the mixing zone And the coke oven gas and the reaction gas to be reacted with the gas are introduced into the mixing zone to cause the reaction, and the resulting gas mixture is then sent to the diffusion zone where the reaction proceeds further, and the The coke described above, wherein the inner wall of the inlet section of the diffusion zone connected to the mixing zone outlet forms a 5 to 10 degree spread angle with the central axis of the diffusion zone in the flow direction of the gas mixture It is a furnace gas reformer.

本発明の好ましい態様は、以下の通りである。
(2)反応ガスが一酸化炭素および酸素または空気であり、混合ゾーンの温度が900℃以上になってガス化反応が起き、拡散ゾーンにおいてタール留分がほぼ完全に熱分解される、上記(1)記載のコークス炉ガス用改質器。
(3)反応ガスが酸素または空気および200℃以上の水蒸気であり、混合ゾーンでコークス炉ガスの一部を燃焼させて混合ゾーンの温度が950℃以上となり、拡散ゾーンにおいてタールおよびタールスラッジを含むコークス炉ガスがほぼ完全にガス化される上記(1)記載のコークス炉ガス用改質器。
(4) 反応ガスが酸素、水素及び200℃以上の蒸気であり、混合ゾーンの入口近傍に反応ガス吹込みのためのノズルが備えられており、ノズルの先端部で酸水素炎が発生し、生じた2000℃以上の燃焼生成蒸気と上記200℃以上の蒸気とが混合されて蒸気温度を1500℃以上とし、該蒸気とコークスガスとの混合物の温度が950℃以上となるように構成され、拡散ゾーンにおいてガス化反応もしくは水蒸気改質ガス化反応がおきて、殆んど完全なガス化がおこなわれる上記(1)記載のコークス炉ガス用改質器。この場合、ノズルからの酸素等の反応ガスの吹込み速度は、炎がノズル先端から離れた位置に常にあるようにするために8m/秒以上とすることが好ましい。これは、炎および炎からの輻射熱によるノズル先端の溶融を防ぐためである。
(5)反応ガスが混合ゾーンの入口近傍に備えられたノズルを介して混合ゾーンに吹き込まれ、コークス炉への石炭投入時、コークス化反応中期、反応終了時の各段階における生成コークス炉ガス量は、反応中期での毎秒当りの量を1とすると、石炭投入時での量を2.5〜3.5、反応初期と終了時における量を1.5〜2.5と変化する際に、コークス炉ガス量の変化に合わせてノズルからの吹き込む反応ガス流量を1から3.5倍に変更できる、あるいは稼動するノズルの本数を変更できる、上記(1)ないし(3)のいずれか1項に記載のコークス炉ガス用改質器。
(6)ノズルが、ガスの流れ方向で見てガスの流れ方向の垂線に対して30度〜60度の角度をなすことによってエジェクター効果を発揮して、酸素あるいは空気を含むノズルからの吹き込みガスが混合ゾーンからコークス炉側に逆流することを防ぐところの上記(1)ないし(5)のいずれか1項記載のコークス炉ガス用改質器。
(7)コークス炉ガス用改質器が1秒当りのコークス炉ガスの最大発生量の0.5倍〜2.5倍の容量を有し、拡散ゾーンの容積が混合ゾーンの容積と同等またはそれ以上であること特徴とする上記(1)ないし(6)のいずれか1項記載のコークス炉ガス用改質器。
Preferred embodiments of the present invention are as follows.
(2) The reaction gas is carbon monoxide and oxygen or air, the gasification reaction occurs when the temperature of the mixing zone is 900 ° C. or higher, and the tar fraction is almost completely pyrolyzed in the diffusion zone. 1) Coke oven gas reformer as described.
(3) The reaction gas is oxygen or air and water vapor of 200 ° C or higher, a part of the coke oven gas is combusted in the mixing zone, the temperature of the mixing zone becomes 950 ° C or higher, and tar and tar sludge are included in the diffusion zone The coke oven gas reformer as described in (1) above, wherein the coke oven gas is almost completely gasified.
(4) The reaction gas is oxygen, hydrogen and steam of 200 ° C or higher, and a nozzle for injecting the reaction gas is provided near the inlet of the mixing zone, and an oxyhydrogen flame is generated at the tip of the nozzle, The generated combustion product steam of 2000 ° C. or higher and the steam of 200 ° C. or higher are mixed so that the steam temperature is 1500 ° C. or higher, and the temperature of the mixture of the steam and coke gas is 950 ° C. or higher, The coke oven gas reformer as described in (1) above, wherein gasification reaction or steam reforming gasification reaction occurs in the diffusion zone, and almost complete gasification is performed. In this case, it is preferable that the blowing speed of the reaction gas such as oxygen from the nozzle is 8 m / second or more so that the flame is always at a position away from the nozzle tip. This is to prevent melting of the nozzle tip due to the flame and radiant heat from the flame.
(5) Reacted gas is blown into the mixing zone through a nozzle provided near the inlet of the mixing zone, and the amount of coke oven gas produced at each stage when coal is fed into the coke oven, at the middle of the coking reaction, and at the end of the reaction If the amount per second in the middle of the reaction is 1, the amount at the time of coal input is 2.5 to 3.5, and the amount at the beginning and end of the reaction is changed from 1.5 to 2.5. The coke oven gas reforming according to any one of (1) to (3) above, wherein the flow rate of the reaction gas blown from the nozzle can be changed from 1 to 3.5 times, or the number of operating nozzles can be changed. vessel.
(6) The nozzle shows an ejector effect by making an angle of 30 ° to 60 ° with respect to the perpendicular to the gas flow direction when viewed in the gas flow direction, and the gas blown from the nozzle containing oxygen or air The reformer for coke oven gas according to any one of the above (1) to (5), which prevents reverse flow from the mixing zone to the coke oven side.
(7) The coke oven gas reformer has a capacity of 0.5 to 2.5 times the maximum amount of coke oven gas generated per second, and the volume of the diffusion zone is equal to or greater than the volume of the mixing zone The reformer for coke oven gas according to any one of the above (1) to (6), wherein

本明細書において、「ほぼ完全に熱分解され」或いは「ほぼ完全にガス化され」とは、対象物の好ましくは90重量%以上、より好ましくは95重量%以上、もっとも好ましくは98重量%以上が熱分解され或いはガス化されることを意味する。
コークス炉から出てくるコークス炉ガスは、通常700〜800℃の温度を持ち、混合ゾーンでこれに酸素又は空気と上記を吹き込んで混合させて950℃以上でガス化反応が起きる。あるいは、1000℃以上の上記もしくは燃焼ガスを混合させた混合ゾーン以降の拡散ゾーンにおいて、燃焼によって生成した高温の蒸気又は吹き込まれた高温の蒸気によって、メタンないしタールにわたる炭化水素類が効率よく水蒸気改質される。部分燃焼が起きるあるいは1000℃以上の高温水蒸気の混合を行う混合ゾーンから、拡散反応が起きる拡散ゾーンへの出口が、5〜10度、より好ましくは6.5〜8.5度、特に約7.5度の広がりを持っていることが重要である。
In the present specification, “substantially completely pyrolyzed” or “substantially completely gasified” is preferably 90% by weight or more, more preferably 95% by weight or more, most preferably 98% by weight or more of the object. Is pyrolyzed or gasified.
The coke oven gas coming out of the coke oven usually has a temperature of 700 to 800 ° C., and the gasification reaction occurs at 950 ° C. or higher by blowing and mixing oxygen or air into the mixing zone. Alternatively, in the diffusion zone after the above mixing zone where the combustion gas is mixed at 1000 ° C. or higher, the high-temperature steam generated by combustion or the high-temperature steam blown in efficiently converts hydrocarbons ranging from methane to tar into steam. Quality. The exit from the mixing zone where partial combustion occurs or mixing of high-temperature steam at 1000 ° C. or higher to the diffusion zone where the diffusion reaction occurs is 5 to 10 degrees, more preferably 6.5 to 8.5 degrees, particularly about 7.5 degrees. It is important to have.

本発明を実証するために、実用規模のスケールの約125分の1のスケールの透明ポリ塩化ビニル製のコールドモデルを作成した。図1にその形状を示す。図の最左のモデルは円筒に入口と出口が取り付けられた形をしている。右5つのモデルでは、下方のふくらみが混合ゾーンであり、上方のふくらみが拡散ゾーンである。二つのゾーンの間でガス流れ方向の断面積が絞られており、従って、ガス混合物は混合ゾーンから拡散ゾーンに入っていくと更に混合を受け、拡散ゾーンで各気体は相互に混合される。拡散ゾーンの広がり角度は、図1のモデルの左から順に0度、2.5度、5度、7.5度、10度、12.5度である。ガスの拡散状況を可視化するために、コークス炉ガスの代わりに低温度の炭酸ガスを、吹き込み用酸素と蒸気の代わりに蒸気ミストを含む空気を用いた。改質器内の気体の定性的な流れ・混合の可視化を行うために、連続発振Arイオンレーザ(Spectra-Physics:Model 177G0-2)より発する波長488 nm(青緑色)の光を、円柱レンズにより可視化領域で厚さ約2〜3 mmのスリット光にしたものを光源として用いた。撮影は、高速度ビデオカメラ(Photron:FASTCAM-Net 500)を用いて、撮影速度500 frames/secシャッタースピード1/500 secで行った。この条件下では、記録画素数は512×240となり、約2.1秒間の連続撮影が可能であった。この装置を用いてコールドモデルの内部の流動状況をビデオ撮影し、PIV(Particle Image Velocimetry)による画像処理により、内部流内の速度ベクトルの瞬時分布を明確に定量化した。そして、拡散ゾーンにおけるガス流速を色分けしてディスプレイした。図2は、色分けを白黒に転換したものではあるが、速度の違いが縞模様として認識できる。それぞれの表示において、左端はモデルの容器の中心軸に対応し、右端は容器の壁に対応する。 In order to demonstrate the present invention, a cold model made of transparent polyvinyl chloride was created that was approximately 1 / 125th the scale of a practical scale. Figure 1 shows its shape. The leftmost model in the figure has a shape in which an inlet and an outlet are attached to a cylinder. In the right five models, the lower bulge is the mixing zone and the upper bulging is the diffusion zone. The cross-sectional area in the gas flow direction is reduced between the two zones, so that the gas mixture undergoes further mixing as it enters the diffusion zone from the mixing zone, and the gases are mixed with each other in the diffusion zone. The spread angle of the diffusion zone is 0 degree, 2.5 degree, 5 degree, 7.5 degree, 10 degree, and 12.5 degree in order from the left of the model in FIG. In order to visualize the gas diffusion state, low temperature carbon dioxide gas was used instead of coke oven gas, and air containing steam mist was used instead of blowing oxygen and steam. In order to visualize the qualitative flow and mixing of gas in the reformer, light with a wavelength of 488 nm (blue green) emitted from a continuous wave Ar ion laser (Spectra-Physics: Model 177G0-2) is used as a cylindrical lens. A slit light having a thickness of about 2 to 3 mm in the visualization region was used as a light source. Shooting was performed using a high-speed video camera (Photron: FASTCAM-Net 500) at a shooting speed of 500 frames / sec and a shutter speed of 1/500 sec. Under these conditions, the number of recorded pixels was 512 × 240, and continuous shooting for about 2.1 seconds was possible. Using this device, video of the internal flow situation of the cold model was taken and the instantaneous distribution of velocity vectors in the internal flow was clearly quantified by image processing using PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry). The gas flow rate in the diffusion zone was displayed in different colors. In FIG. 2, although the color classification is changed to black and white, the difference in speed can be recognized as a striped pattern. In each display, the left end corresponds to the central axis of the model container, and the right end corresponds to the container wall.

広がり角度0度では、混合ゾーンで発生した乱流が消えず、拡散ゾーン出口まで壁面の流速が若干遅く、壁面から離れた位置と中心部はほぼ同じ流れであることが分かった。つまり乱流が消滅しない。拡散ゾーンの広がり角度が2.5度、5度、7.5度、10度、12.5度であると、縞模様が現れる。図2において同一流速 (同じ濃さ) の帯状区間の容器中心部と壁面部の塔頂方向の高さ(絶対値)を求めた(図3の右側を参照)。 At a divergence angle of 0 degrees, it was found that the turbulent flow generated in the mixing zone did not disappear, the flow velocity of the wall surface was slightly slow to the exit of the diffusion zone, and the position away from the wall surface and the central part were almost the same flow. In other words, turbulence does not disappear. When the spread angle of the diffusion zone is 2.5 degrees, 5 degrees, 7.5 degrees, 10 degrees, and 12.5 degrees, a stripe pattern appears. In FIG. 2, the height (absolute value) in the tower top direction of the container central part and wall surface part of the strip-shaped section having the same flow velocity (same density) was obtained (see the right side of FIG. 3).

図3のグラフは、コークス炉ガス量が通常量とその2倍量の二つの状況に於ける、上記高さを示す。7.5度において高さが最も小さく、それより角度が大きくなる或いは小さくなるに従って、高さが大きくなる。つまり中心部流速と壁面流速の差が増大し、渦が生じている。ガス流量を倍にすると、この傾向はより顕著になる。従って、拡散ゾーンに於いて渦が少なく乱流が少ないためには、広がり角度は、5〜10度であることが好ましく、より好ましくは7.5度近傍、例えば7〜9度である。 The graph of FIG. 3 shows the above-mentioned height in two situations where the amount of coke oven gas is normal and twice that amount. The height is the smallest at 7.5 degrees, and the height increases as the angle increases or decreases. That is, the difference between the central portion flow velocity and the wall surface flow velocity is increased, and a vortex is generated. This tendency becomes more pronounced when the gas flow rate is doubled. Therefore, in order to reduce vortices and turbulence in the diffusion zone, the spread angle is preferably 5 to 10 degrees, more preferably around 7.5 degrees, for example 7 to 9 degrees.

次に、実用規模の大きさ(コールドモデル実験に用いた装置の125倍)の装置を想定したシミュレーションを行った。図5左に装置の概念を、また図5右にシミュレーションに使用した装置の主要サイズを示す。図中の数字1はコークス炉からのコークス炉ガス出口、2は混合ゾーン、3は反応ガスを吹き込むためのノズル、4は拡散ゾーン、5は改質ガス出口を示す。図5では、広がり角度を7.5度としている。コールドモデル実験の解析で得られた流動に関する壁面の摩擦抵抗係数等のファクターを用いたシュミレーション結果の例を図4に示す。白黒の濃淡は、図下に示す速度に対応する。ただし、下方のノズル先端および上方の出口では速度が一番速く、色月の表示では赤色であり、白黒表示にすると不正確になるので、その箇所を図4では白抜きとして省略した。コールドモデル実験結果と同じく、7.5度の広がりを持つ拡散ソーンにおける乱流の消滅が、一番効果的であり、次いで5〜10度が効果的であるとの結果が得られた。   Next, a simulation was performed assuming a device of practical size (125 times the device used in the cold model experiment). The left side of FIG. 5 shows the concept of the apparatus, and the right side of FIG. 5 shows the main size of the apparatus used for the simulation. In the figure, numeral 1 is a coke oven gas outlet from the coke oven, 2 is a mixing zone, 3 is a nozzle for blowing reaction gas, 4 is a diffusion zone, and 5 is a reformed gas outlet. In FIG. 5, the spread angle is 7.5 degrees. Fig. 4 shows an example of simulation results using factors such as the coefficient of frictional resistance of the wall surface related to the flow obtained from the analysis of the cold model experiment. The shades of black and white correspond to the speeds shown at the bottom of the figure. However, the speed is the fastest at the lower nozzle tip and the upper outlet, red in the color month display, and inaccurate when displayed in black and white, so that portion is omitted as white in FIG. Similar to the results of the cold model experiment, it was found that turbulent flow extinction in a diffusion thorn with a spread of 7.5 degrees was the most effective, and then 5 to 10 degrees was effective.

次に、7.5度の広がりを持つ拡散ゾーンを設けた改質器(図5)について、酸素または空気等の酸化剤と蒸気、または1000℃以上の高温蒸気もしくは燃焼ガスを吹き込むためのノズルの本数を変化させた場合、拡散混合状態がどのように変わるかのシミュレーションを実施した。各ノズルからの流量を互いに同じとし、従ってノズル本数に応じて吹き込みガス流量が変わる。 Next, the number of nozzles for injecting an oxidizer and steam such as oxygen or air, or high-temperature steam or combustion gas of 1000 ° C. or higher for a reformer (FIG. 5) provided with a diffusion zone having a spread of 7.5 degrees. A simulation of how the diffusive mixing state changes when the value is changed is performed. The flow rates from the nozzles are the same as each other. Therefore, the flow rate of the blown gas changes according to the number of nozzles.

図6に結果を示す。中心軸における速度が特定の値にある中心位置を、図内の「同一中心位置流速の変化」と示した線で示す。同様に、壁面における速度が特定の値にある壁面位置を「同一壁面流速の変化」と示した線で示す。ノズルの数が多くなるに従って、図3で規定した「差」は少しずつ大きくなるが、吹込みガス流量が多くなってもガス流の大きな乱れは生じないことが確認され、図5に示す改質器が混合ゾーンで発生した乱流を消す効果がノズル本数に関わらず大きい。 The results are shown in FIG. The center position where the speed on the center axis is at a specific value is indicated by a line indicated as “change in flow velocity at the same center position” in the figure. Similarly, a wall surface position at which the velocity on the wall surface is at a specific value is indicated by a line indicating “change in flow velocity on the same wall surface”. As the number of nozzles increases, the “difference” specified in FIG. 3 gradually increases, but it has been confirmed that even if the flow rate of the blown gas increases, there is no significant disturbance in the gas flow. The effect of the mass device to eliminate the turbulent flow generated in the mixing zone is great regardless of the number of nozzles.

図7は、ノズルの角度を示す概念図である。分かり易くするために、向かい合った位置の二つのノズルを示してある。1は混合ゾーンの下にあるコークス炉ガスの入口であり、そこにノズル3がαの角度で配置されている。ガスの流れ方向で見てガスの流れ方向の垂線に対する角度αが30度〜60度、特に40〜50度であることが好ましく、これによってエジェクター効果を発揮して、酸素あるいは空気を含むノズルからの吹き込みガスが混合ゾーンからコークス炉側に逆流することを防ぐことが出来る。 FIG. 7 is a conceptual diagram showing the angle of the nozzle. For ease of understanding, two nozzles in opposite positions are shown. 1 is an inlet of coke oven gas below the mixing zone, in which nozzle 3 is arranged at an angle α. The angle α with respect to the perpendicular to the gas flow direction as viewed in the gas flow direction is preferably 30 ° to 60 °, particularly 40 ° to 50 °. Can be prevented from flowing back from the mixing zone to the coke oven side.

本発明によるコークス炉ガスの改質処理方法の3つの態様を以下に説明する。   Three modes of the coke oven gas reforming method according to the present invention will be described below.

1.混合ゾーン2にノズル3から一酸化炭素と酸素または空気を吹き込み、高温の燃焼ガスを発生させコークス炉ガスの温度を900℃以上、好ましくは950℃以上でコークス炉ガス中に含まれる約30%近いタール留分を拡散ゾーン4においてほとんど完全に熱分解させる方法。より詳しくは、コークス炉1より700〜800℃のコークス炉ガスが混合ゾーン2に導かれる。ここでは複数本のノズル3から一酸化炭素と酸素または空気を吹き込み高温の燃焼ガスを発生させ、コークス炉ガスの温度を900℃以上、好ましくは950℃以上で約30%近いタール留分を熱分解させる。この時ノズル3からは酸素または空気のみを吹き込みコークス炉ガスの一部を燃焼させガス温度を900℃以上としても良い。900℃以上で熱分解を促進させるためにコークス炉ガスは拡散ゾーン4に送られ熱分解反応が完結し、未反応タール分の割合を全炭素量の5%以下に抑えることが出来る。
2.混合ゾーン2にノズル3から酸素または空気と200℃以上の温度の蒸気を吹き込み充分に混合させ、コークス炉ガスの一部を燃焼させ炉内温度を950℃以上、好ましくは1000℃以上でタールやタールスラッジを含むコークス炉ガスを拡散ゾーン4において殆んど完全なガス化をさせる方法。詳しくは、コークス炉1より700〜800℃のコークス炉ガスが混合ゾーン2に導かれる。ここでは複数本のノズル3から酸素または空気と蒸気を吹き込み充分に混合させ、コークス炉ガスの一部を燃焼させ炉内温度を950℃以上、好ましくは1000℃以上でタールやタールスラッジを含むコークス炉ガスを完全ガス化させ、未反応タール分の割合を全炭素量の5%以下に抑えることが出来る。
3.混合ゾーン2にノズル3からは、酸素と水素及び蒸気を吹き込み、ノズル先端部に酸水素炎を発生させ、生成する蒸気温度が1500℃以上として混合ゾーン2に吹き込み、混合ゾーンの温度を950℃以上、好ましくは1000℃以上とし、拡散ゾーン4においてガス化反応もしくは水蒸気改質ガス化反応を完結させ殆んど完全なガス化をさせる方法。詳しくは、コークス炉1より700〜800℃のコークス炉ガスが混合ゾーン2に導かれる。ここでは複数本のノズル3からは、酸素と水素及び蒸気を吹き込み、水素ガスを燃焼させ、蒸気温度が1500℃以上の蒸気として混合ゾーン2に吹き込まれる。950℃以上、好ましくは1000℃以上で、ガス化反応もしくは水蒸気改質ガス化反応を促進させるために、コークス炉ガスは混合ゾーン2から拡散ゾーン4に送られ反応が完結し、未反応タール分の割合を全炭素量の5%以下に抑えることが出来る。
1. Carbon monoxide and oxygen or air are blown into the mixing zone 2 from the nozzle 3 to generate high-temperature combustion gas, and the coke oven gas temperature is 900 ° C. or higher, preferably 950 ° C. or higher, and about 30% contained in the coke oven gas. A method in which the near tar fraction is almost completely pyrolyzed in the diffusion zone 4. More specifically, a coke oven gas at 700 to 800 ° C. is introduced into the mixing zone 2 from the coke oven 1. Here, carbon monoxide and oxygen or air are blown from a plurality of nozzles 3 to generate high-temperature combustion gas, and the coke oven gas temperature is 900 ° C. or higher, preferably 950 ° C. or higher, and a tar fraction close to about 30% is heated. Decompose. At this time, only oxygen or air is blown from the nozzle 3 to burn a part of the coke oven gas so that the gas temperature may be 900 ° C. or higher. In order to promote pyrolysis at 900 ° C. or higher, coke oven gas is sent to the diffusion zone 4 to complete the pyrolysis reaction, and the proportion of unreacted tar can be suppressed to 5% or less of the total carbon content.
2. Oxygen or air and steam at a temperature of 200 ° C. or higher are blown into the mixing zone 2 from the nozzle 3 and thoroughly mixed, and a portion of the coke oven gas is combusted, and the furnace temperature is 950 ° C. or higher, preferably 1000 ° C. or higher. A method in which coke oven gas containing tar sludge is almost completely gasified in the diffusion zone 4. Specifically, coke oven gas at 700 to 800 ° C. is introduced from the coke oven 1 to the mixing zone 2. Here, oxygen or air and steam are blown from a plurality of nozzles 3 and thoroughly mixed, and a portion of the coke oven gas is combusted, and the temperature in the furnace is 950 ° C or higher, preferably 1000 ° C or higher, and coke containing tar and tar sludge. The furnace gas can be completely gasified and the proportion of unreacted tar can be suppressed to 5% or less of the total carbon content.
3. Oxygen, hydrogen, and steam are blown into the mixing zone 2 from the nozzle 3, an oxyhydrogen flame is generated at the tip of the nozzle, and the generated steam temperature is blown into the mixing zone 2 at 1500 ° C or higher, and the temperature of the mixing zone is set to 950 ° C. As described above, a method in which the gasification reaction or the steam reforming gasification reaction is completed in the diffusion zone 4 to achieve almost complete gasification, preferably at 1000 ° C. or higher. Specifically, coke oven gas at 700 to 800 ° C. is introduced from the coke oven 1 to the mixing zone 2. Here, oxygen, hydrogen, and steam are blown from a plurality of nozzles 3 to burn hydrogen gas and blown into the mixing zone 2 as steam having a steam temperature of 1500 ° C. or higher. In order to promote the gasification reaction or steam reforming gasification reaction at 950 ° C or higher, preferably 1000 ° C or higher, the coke oven gas is sent from the mixing zone 2 to the diffusion zone 4 to complete the reaction, and the unreacted tar content Can be suppressed to 5% or less of the total amount of carbon.

[発明の効果]
本発明によれば、コークス炉ガスは、熱分解やガス化、水蒸気改質ガス化の転換処理を受け、環境汚染を引き起こすタール留分が殆んど無くなるためクリーンな燃料ガスが得られ、該燃料ガスは1Nm当たり3350 Kcal以上のカロリーを持つ。この燃料ガスは水素に富んでおり、水蒸気改質反応と組み合わせれば効率の良い水素供給源となる。上記した3つの態様のすべての製品において未反応タール含有量が炭素換算で5%以下と少ない故に、ガスのクリンナップが容易であり、安価にクリーンなガスとすることが出来る。従って、製品ガスは、ガスタービン燃料としても利用可能である。
[The invention's effect]
According to the present invention, coke oven gas is subjected to conversion treatment of pyrolysis, gasification, and steam reforming gasification, and a tar fuel that causes environmental pollution is almost eliminated, so that a clean fuel gas is obtained. the fuel gas has a higher caloric 3350 Kcal per 1 Nm 3. This fuel gas is rich in hydrogen and becomes an efficient hydrogen supply source when combined with the steam reforming reaction. In all the products of the above three embodiments, the unreacted tar content is as low as 5% or less in terms of carbon, so the gas can be easily cleaned up and the gas can be made clean at low cost. Therefore, the product gas can also be used as a gas turbine fuel.

改質器のコールドモデルの外見を示す見取り図。The sketch which shows the appearance of the cold model of a reformer. コールドモデルの内部のガス流動状況を示すビデオ記録から、拡散ゾーンにおけるガス流速を色分けしてディスプレイし、色分けを白黒に転換した図。The video recording showing the gas flow situation inside the cold model, the gas flow rate in the diffusion zone is displayed in different colors, and the color is changed to black and white. 改質器の拡散ゾーンの広がり角度と、壁面と中心部のガス流速の差との関係を表したグラフ。A graph showing the relationship between the spread angle of the diffusion zone of the reformer and the difference in gas flow velocity between the wall surface and the center. 実用化規模の炉について行ったシミュレーションの結果における、ガス流動を示す。The gas flow in the result of the simulation performed on the practical scale furnace is shown. 実用化規模の炉の概念図。Conceptual diagram of a practical scale furnace. 図5に示す改質路についてノズル本数の変化が拡散ゾーンのガスの流れに与える影響についてのシミュレーション結果を表したものである。FIG. 6 shows a simulation result on the influence of the change in the number of nozzles on the reforming path shown in FIG. 5 on the gas flow in the diffusion zone. ノズルの角度を示す概念図。The conceptual diagram which shows the angle of a nozzle.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1 コークス炉ガスの入り口
2 混合ゾーン
3 ノズル
4 拡散ゾーン
5 改質ガス出口
1 Coke oven gas inlet 2 Mixing zone 3 Nozzle 4 Diffusion zone 5 Reformed gas outlet

Claims (7)

コークス炉から出てくるコークス炉ガスを改質する改質器において、
該改質器が混合ゾーンおよび該混合ゾーンの下流に連結されている拡散ゾーンを有し、混合ゾーンから拡散ゾーンへと移る拡散ゾーン入口区間の流路断面積が混合ゾーンの断面積より狭い構造とし、混合ゾーンにはコークス炉ガスおよび該ガスと反応されるべき反応気体が導入されて反応が起き、生じたガス混合物は次いで拡散ゾーンに送られ、そこで反応が更に進行すること、および、該混合ゾーン出口に接続している拡散ゾーンの入口区間の器内壁が、ガス混合物の流れ方向に拡散ゾーンの中心軸と5〜10度の広がり角度を成していることを特徴とする、上記コークス炉ガス用改質器。
In the reformer that reforms the coke oven gas coming out of the coke oven,
A structure in which the reformer has a mixing zone and a diffusion zone connected downstream of the mixing zone, and a cross-sectional area of a flow path at a diffusion zone inlet section that moves from the mixing zone to the diffusion zone is narrower than a cross-sectional area of the mixing zone And the coke oven gas and the reaction gas to be reacted with the gas are introduced into the mixing zone to cause the reaction, and the resulting gas mixture is then sent to the diffusion zone where the reaction proceeds further, and the The coke described above, wherein the inner wall of the inlet section of the diffusion zone connected to the mixing zone outlet forms a 5 to 10 degree spread angle with the central axis of the diffusion zone in the flow direction of the gas mixture Furnace gas reformer.
反応ガスが一酸化炭素および酸素または空気であり、混合ゾーンの温度が900℃以上になってガス化反応が起き、拡散ゾーンにおいてタール留分がほぼ完全に熱分解される、請求項1記載のコークス炉ガス用改質器。The reaction gas is carbon monoxide and oxygen or air, the gasification reaction occurs at a mixing zone temperature of 900 ° C or higher, and the tar fraction is almost completely pyrolyzed in the diffusion zone. Coke oven gas reformer. 反応ガスが酸素または空気および200℃以上の水蒸気であり、混合ゾーンでコークス炉ガスの一部を燃焼させて混合ゾーンの温度が950℃以上となり、拡散ゾーンにおいてタールおよびタールスラッジを含むコークス炉ガスがほぼ完全にガス化される請求項1記載のコークス炉ガス用改質器。The reaction gas is oxygen or air and water vapor of 200 ° C or higher, a part of the coke oven gas is burned in the mixing zone, the temperature of the mixing zone becomes 950 ° C or higher, and the coke oven gas containing tar and tar sludge in the diffusion zone 2. The reformer for coke oven gas according to claim 1, wherein is completely gasified. 反応ガスが酸素、水素及び200℃以上の蒸気であり、混合ゾーンの入口近傍に反応ガス吹込みのためのノズルが備えられており、ノズルの先端部で酸水素炎が発生し、生じた2000℃以上の燃焼生成蒸気と上記200℃以上の蒸気とが混合されて蒸気温度を1500℃以上とし、該蒸気とコークス炉ガスとの混合物の温度が950℃以上となるように構成され、拡散ゾーンにおいてガス化反応もしくは水蒸気改質ガス化反応がおきて、ほぼ完全なガス化がおこなわれる請求項1記載のコークス炉ガス用改質器。The reaction gas is oxygen, hydrogen and steam of 200 ° C or higher, and a nozzle for injecting the reaction gas is provided near the inlet of the mixing zone, and an oxyhydrogen flame is generated at the tip of the nozzle, resulting in 2000 Combustion-generated steam at 200 ° C. or higher and steam at 200 ° C. or higher are mixed so that the steam temperature is 1500 ° C. or higher, and the temperature of the mixture of the steam and coke oven gas is 950 ° C. or higher. 2. The coke oven gas reformer according to claim 1, wherein a gasification reaction or a steam reforming gasification reaction takes place to effect almost complete gasification. 反応ガスが混合ゾーンの入口近傍に備えられたノズルを介して混合ゾーンに吹き込まれ、コークス炉への石炭投入時、コークス化反応中期、反応終了時の各段階における生成コークス炉ガス量は、反応中期での毎秒当りの量を1とすると、石炭投入時での量を2.5〜3.5、反応初期と終了時における量を1.5〜2.5と変化する際に、このコークス炉ガス量の変化に合わせてノズルからの吹き込みの反応ガス流量を1から3.5倍に変更できる、あるいは稼動するノズルの本数を変更できる請求項1、請求項2及び請求項3のいずれか1項に記載のコークス炉ガス用改質器。The reaction gas is blown into the mixing zone through a nozzle provided near the inlet of the mixing zone, and the amount of gas produced in the coke oven at each stage of coal injection into the coke oven, mid-stage coking reaction, and at the end of the reaction Assuming that the amount per second in the medium term is 1, the amount at the time of coal input is 2.5 to 3.5, and the amount at the beginning and end of the reaction is changed to 1.5 to 2.5. The coke oven gas modification according to any one of claims 1, 2, and 3, wherein the flow rate of the reaction gas blown from the nozzle can be changed from 1 to 3.5 times, or the number of operating nozzles can be changed. A genitalia. ノズルが、ガスの流れ方向で見てガスの流れ方向の垂線に対して30度〜60度の角度をなすことによってエジェクター効果を発揮して、ノズルから吹き込まれる酸素又は空気を含む反応ガスが、混合ゾーンからコークス炉側に逆流することを防ぐところの請求項1〜5のいずれか1項記載のコークス炉ガス用改質器。The nozzle exerts an ejector effect by forming an angle of 30 to 60 degrees with respect to a perpendicular to the gas flow direction when viewed in the gas flow direction, and the reaction gas containing oxygen or air blown from the nozzle is The reformer for coke oven gas according to any one of claims 1 to 5, which prevents backflow from the mixing zone to the coke oven side. コークス炉ガス用改質器が1秒当りのコークス炉ガスの最大発生量の0.5倍〜2.5倍の容量を有し、拡散ゾーンの容積が混合ゾーンの容積と同等またはそれ以上であること特徴とする請求項1〜6のいずれか1項記載のコークス炉ガス用改質器。The coke oven gas reformer has a capacity of 0.5 to 2.5 times the maximum amount of coke oven gas generated per second, and the volume of the diffusion zone is equal to or greater than the volume of the mixing zone; and The coke oven gas reformer according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
JP2009510709A 2007-04-18 2007-04-18 Coke oven gas reformer Expired - Fee Related JP5001355B2 (en)

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