JP4980051B2 - ガス液化用一体型多重ループ冷却方法 - Google Patents
ガス液化用一体型多重ループ冷却方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4980051B2 JP4980051B2 JP2006506409A JP2006506409A JP4980051B2 JP 4980051 B2 JP4980051 B2 JP 4980051B2 JP 2006506409 A JP2006506409 A JP 2006506409A JP 2006506409 A JP2006506409 A JP 2006506409A JP 4980051 B2 JP4980051 B2 JP 4980051B2
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 162
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 484
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 89
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 70
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 53
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 52
- QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N iso-pentane Natural products CCC(C)C QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 47
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 26
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 24
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 24
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004781 supercooling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003134 recirculating effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 44
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 13
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000013526 supercooled liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutane Chemical compound CC(C)C NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012263 liquid product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005514 two-phase flow Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001282 iso-butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009428 plumbing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
- C09K5/041—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems
- C09K5/042—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising compounds containing carbon and hydrogen only
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- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
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- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
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- F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
- F25J1/0055—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream originating from an incorporated cascade
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
- F25J1/008—Hydrocarbons
- F25J1/0092—Mixtures of hydrocarbons comprising possibly also minor amounts of nitrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0211—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0214—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle
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- F25J1/0211—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0214—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle
- F25J1/0215—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle with one SCR cycle
- F25J1/0216—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle with one SCR cycle using a C3 pre-cooling cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0211—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0217—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as at least a three level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0211—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0217—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as at least a three level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle
- F25J1/0218—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as at least a three level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle with one or more SCR cycles, e.g. with a C3 pre-cooling cycle
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
- F25J1/0262—Details of the cold heat exchange system
- F25J1/0264—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams
- F25J1/0265—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams comprising cores associated exclusively with the cooling of a refrigerant stream, e.g. for auto-refrigeration or economizer
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
- F25J1/0274—Retrofitting or revamping of an existing liquefaction unit
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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Description
(a)原料ガス流を第1の熱交換ゾーンで気化する第1の冷媒との間接熱交換によって第1の温度範囲で冷やして第1の部分的に冷やした原料流と第1の冷媒蒸気とを提供すること、
(b)この部分的に冷やした原料流を第2の熱交換ゾーンで気化する第2の冷媒との間接熱交換によって第2の温度範囲で更に冷やして第2の部分的に冷やした原料流と第2の冷媒蒸気とを提供すること、及び
(c)この第2の部分的に冷やした原料流を第3の熱交換ゾーンで気化する第3の冷媒との間接熱交換によって第3の温度範囲で更に冷やして液化製品(13)と2相冷媒流とを提供すること、
によって行うことができる。
Claims (11)
- ガス(1)を液化するための方法であり、液化製品(13)を提供するため少なくとも2つの熱交換ゾーン(310、311、312、353)を逐次的に通過する原料ガス流をそれぞれの温度範囲で冷やすことを含み、前記温度範囲で原料ガス流を冷やすための冷却をそれぞれの気化する冷媒(117、213、315)によって行うガス液化方法であって、最低温度範囲の冷媒(315)を最低温の熱交換ゾーン(312)で一部分だけ気化させて部分的に気化した冷媒(316)を作り、そしてこの部分的に気化した冷媒を、次の再循環冷却プロセス、すなわち、当該部分的に気化した冷媒(316)を最低温の熱交換ゾーン(312)の最高温度より高い温度の更なる熱交換ゾーン(317、355)で更に気化して完全に気化した冷媒(318、348)を作り、この完全に気化した冷媒(318、348)を圧縮し(319、324、349)て圧縮した冷媒流を生じさせ、そしてこの圧縮した冷媒流を冷やして最低温冷媒(315)を提供することを含む再循環冷却プロセスで再循環させるガス液化方法であって、前記原料ガスが前記更なる熱交換ゾーン(317、344、355)を通過しないこと、且つ、前記圧縮した冷媒流の全体(328)を、
(i)前記更なる熱交換ゾーン(317)において当該圧縮した冷媒流の全体(328)を、部分的に気化した冷媒(316)との間接熱交換によって冷やして冷やした冷媒流(329)を提供するとともに、当該部分的に気化した冷媒(316)を更に気化させ、それにより前記再循環冷却プロセスのための自己冷却を行い、そして次に前記冷やした冷媒流(329)を更に冷やし(312)て最低温冷媒(315)を提供するか、あるいは、
(ii)当該圧縮した冷媒流の全体(351)を、原料ガスが逐次的に通過する少なくとも2つの熱交換ゾーンのうちの最低温熱交換ゾーン(312)の前に位置する熱交換ゾーン(353)で、当該熱交換ゾーン(353)へ供給されそこで気化する冷媒(117)との間接熱交換(352)によって冷やし、当該冷やした圧縮した冷媒を前記更なる熱交換ゾーン(355)で前記部分的に気化した冷媒(316)との間接熱交換により更に冷やして冷やした冷媒流(329)を提供し、そして次にこの冷やした冷媒流(329)を更に冷やし(312)て最低温冷媒(315)を提供すること、
のいずれかにより冷やし、その際、冷やした冷媒流(329)を更に冷やすのを、最低温熱交換ゾーン(312)で気化する最低温冷媒(315)との間接熱交換によって行うことを特徴とするガス液化方法。 - 原料ガス流(1)が天然ガスである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記再循環冷却プロセスにおける冷媒(315、316、318、328、329)が、窒素、i−ペンタン及びn−ペンタンを含む混合物であり、当該冷媒(315、316、318、328、329)中のn−ペンタンに対するi−ペンタンのモル比が1より大きい多成分混合物であって、i−ペンタンとn−ペンタンとが原料ガス流(1)から得られ、当該冷媒(315、316、318、328、329)中のn−ペンタンに対するi−ペンタンのモル比が原料ガス流(1)中のn−ペンタンに対するi−ペンタンのモル比より大きい、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 前記再循環冷却プロセスにおける冷媒(315、316、318、328、329)が、窒素、i−ペンタン、及び4つの炭素原子を有する1種以上の炭化水素を含む多成分混合物であり、当該i−ペンタンと4つの炭素原子を有する1種以上の炭化水素とが原料ガス流(1)から得られ、前記冷媒(315、316、318、328、329)中のn−ペンタンに対するi−ペンタンのモル比が1より大きく、ここで当該i−ペンタンとn−ペンタンは前記原料ガス流(1)から得られ、そして前記冷媒(315、316、318、328、329)中の4つの炭素原子を有する1種以上の炭化水素に対するi−ペンタンのモル比が前記原料ガス流(1)中の4つの炭素原子を有する1種以上の炭化水素に対するi−ペンタンのモル比より大きい、請求項1〜3のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
- 前記再循環冷却プロセスにおける冷媒(315、316、318、328、329)が、(モル%で)5〜15%の窒素、30〜60%のメタン、10〜30%のエタン、0〜10%のプロパン、及び5〜15%のi−ペンタンを含む、請求項3又は4に記載の方法。
- 圧縮した冷媒流(328、339)を冷やすための気化の前に、冷やした減圧液体冷媒(345)を減圧し、それを部分的に気化した冷媒(316)と一緒にして、当該圧縮した冷媒流(328、339)を冷やすために気化する一緒にした2相冷媒(347)を提供し、圧縮した冷媒蒸気(330)を冷やし(332)て部分的に凝縮した冷媒を提供し、この部分的に凝縮した冷媒を冷媒蒸気流(334)と冷媒液体流(335)とに分離し(333)、冷媒蒸気流(334)を圧縮(336)し冷やし(337)て部分的に凝縮した流れを作り、この部分的に凝縮した流れを圧縮した蒸気冷媒流(328、339)と液体冷媒流(340)とに分離し(338)、液体冷媒流(340)を減圧し(341)て減圧した液体冷媒流(342)を提供し、この減圧した液体冷媒流(342)を冷媒液体流(335)と一緒にして一緒にした冷媒液(343)にし、そしてこの一緒にした冷媒液(343)を前記一緒にした2相冷媒(347)との間接熱交換(344)によって過冷却して、部分的に気化した冷媒(316)と一緒にするための冷やした減圧液体冷媒(345)を提供する、請求項1〜5のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
- 請求項1に記載の方法によってガス流(1)を液化するためのシステムであり、
液化製品(13)を提供するためそれぞれの温度範囲を逐次的に通過するガス流(1)を冷やすための少なくとも2つの熱交換ゾーン(310、311、312、353)と、
当該熱交換ゾーン(310、311、312、353)へのそれぞれの冷媒管路(117、213、315)のそれぞれの冷媒を提供するためのそれぞれの冷却システム、
とを含むガス流液化システムであって、
最低温熱交換ゾーン(312)が最低温の冷媒を一部分だけ気化するようにされていて、当該最低温の冷媒を提供する冷却システムが、
得られた部分的に気化した冷媒を最低温熱交換ゾーン(312)の最高温度より高い温度で更に気化するための更なる熱交換ゾーン(317、355)、
気化した冷媒を圧縮して圧縮した冷媒流を提供するための圧縮手段(319、324、349)、
前記更なる熱交換ゾーン(317、355)から前記圧縮手段(319、324、349)に気化した冷媒を提供するための配管手段(318、348)、
前記更なる熱交換ゾーン(317、355)に前記圧縮した冷媒(328、354)を提供するための配管手段、
前記更なる熱交換ゾーン(317、355)から前記最低温熱交換ゾーン(312)に冷やした圧縮冷媒を送るための配管手段(329)、及び
前記最低温熱交換ゾーン(312)を含み、前記冷やした圧縮冷媒を更に冷やし(356)て更に冷やした凝縮した冷媒(313)を提供するための手段、
を含む再循環冷却システムであるガス流液化システムであって、
前記更なる熱交換ゾーン(317、355)に圧縮した冷媒(328、354)を提供するための配管手段が、
(a)圧縮冷媒流の全体(328)を前記(i)により冷却する場合に、圧縮冷媒流の全体を前記更なる熱交換ゾーン(317)に送るための配管手段であって、当該更なる熱交換ゾーン(317)が前記圧縮冷媒流の全体(328)を、前記更なる熱交換ゾーン(317)において部分的に気化した冷媒(316)と間接熱交換して冷やした冷媒流(329)を提供するとともに当該部分的に気化した冷媒(316)を更に気化させることにより冷却することによって、前記再循環冷却システムのための自己冷却を行うようにされている配管手段(328)か、あるいは、
(b)圧縮冷媒流の全体(328)を前記(ii)により冷却する場合に、圧縮冷媒流の全体を、原料ガスが逐次的に通過する少なくとも2つの熱交換ゾーンのうちの前記最低温熱交換ゾーン(312)より前に位置する熱交換ゾーン(353)に送るための配管手段であって、当該熱交換ゾーン(353)が圧縮冷媒流(351)の全体を間接熱交換(352)により冷やして中間の冷やした圧縮冷媒を提供するようにされている配管手段(351)、及び当該中間の冷やした圧縮冷媒を前記更なる熱交換ゾーン(355)へ送るための配管手段(354)、
のいずれかを含むことを特徴とするガス流液化システム。 - 当該システムが更に、前記最低温熱交換ゾーン(312)のための冷媒管路(315)に冷媒を提供するため前記凝縮した冷媒を減圧するための減圧手段(314)を含む、請求項7に記載のシステム。
- 請求項8に記載のシステムであって、前記更なる熱交換ゾーン(344)が、自己冷却のため当該更なる熱交換ゾーン(344)を通り抜けて再循環する冷媒のうちの圧縮後に分離されて更なる熱交換ゾーン(344)に供給される冷媒液体を過冷却して過冷却した冷媒液体を提供するための手段を含み、且つ、当該システムは、減圧した冷媒を提供するため前記過冷却した冷媒液体を減圧するための減圧手段(346)と、更なる熱交換ゾーン(344)に一緒にした気化する冷媒流を提供するため前記減圧した冷媒を前記最低温熱交換ゾーン(312)からの部分的に気化した冷媒と一緒にするための配管手段(347)と、前記一緒にした気化する冷媒流を前記圧縮手段に供給するための配管手段(330)とを含む、請求項8に記載のシステム。
- 前記更なる熱交換ゾーン(344)からの気化した冷媒(330)を圧縮するための前記圧縮手段が、
第1段の圧縮機(331)、
その結果得られた第1段の圧縮機(331)からの第1の圧縮冷媒流を冷やし部分的に凝縮して部分的に凝縮した第1の冷媒流を生じさせるようにした中間冷却器(332)、
部分的に凝縮した第1の圧縮冷媒流を第1の蒸気冷媒流と第1の液体冷媒流とに分離するための第1の分離器(333)、
圧縮した蒸気冷媒流を提供するため前記第1の蒸気冷媒流を圧縮するための第2段の圧縮機(336)、
冷やした2相冷媒流を提供するため前記圧縮した蒸気冷媒流を冷やすための後部冷却器(337)、
前記後部冷却器(337)からの冷やした2相冷媒流を分離して、第2の液体冷媒流(340)を提供するとともに、前記更なる熱交換ゾーン(344)に供給するための配管手段(339)へ圧縮した冷媒を提供するための第2の分離器(338)、
減圧した第2の液体冷媒流を提供するため前記第2の液体冷媒流を減圧するための減圧手段(341)、及び
前記更なる熱交換ゾーン(344)に冷媒液体を提供するため前記減圧した第2の液体冷媒流と前記第1の液体冷媒流とを一緒にするための配管手段(335、342、343)、
を含む、請求項9に記載のシステム。 - 請求項1に記載の方法によってガス流(1)を液化するための請求項7に記載のシステムであって、前記最低温の冷却システムが、
圧縮した冷媒を提供するため前記再循環冷却システムにおける気化した再循環する冷媒を圧縮するための圧縮手段(349)に前記更なる熱交換ゾーン(355)からの気化した冷媒を提供するための配管手段(348)、
圧縮冷媒(351)を前記熱交換ゾーン(353)で気化するそれぞれの冷媒(117)との間接熱交換によって冷やして冷やした圧縮冷媒を提供するための、ガス流(1)が逐次的に通過する少なくとも2つの熱交換ゾーンのうちの前記最低温熱交換ゾーン(312)の前に位置する熱交換ゾーンにおける冷却手段(352)、
前記最低温熱交換ゾーン(312)からの気化する冷媒との間接熱交換によって前記冷やした圧縮冷媒を更に冷やして少なくとも部分的に凝縮した冷媒(329)と前記気化した再循環する冷媒(348)とを提供するため前記更なる熱交換ゾーン(355)に前記冷やした圧縮冷媒を提供するための配管手段(354)、
冷やした凝縮した冷媒を提供するため前記最低温熱交換ゾーン(312)において前記凝縮した冷媒を更に冷やす(356)ための手段、及び
前記最低温熱交換ゾーン(312)への冷媒管路(315)に冷媒を提供するため前記冷やした凝縮した冷媒を減圧するための減圧手段(314)、
を含む、請求項7に記載のガス流液化システム。
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| ES2382805T3 (es) | 2012-06-13 |
| KR100969969B1 (ko) | 2010-07-15 |
| RU2307990C2 (ru) | 2007-10-10 |
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| JP4741468B2 (ja) | 2011-08-03 |
| EP1613910A2 (en) | 2006-01-11 |
| KR20050110026A (ko) | 2005-11-22 |
| WO2004083753A3 (en) | 2004-11-25 |
| RU2005132159A (ru) | 2006-02-10 |
| CA2519213C (en) | 2010-01-19 |
| MXPA05009929A (es) | 2005-11-04 |
| CN100458335C (zh) | 2009-02-04 |
| JP2006520886A (ja) | 2006-09-14 |
| ES2411658T3 (es) | 2013-07-08 |
| CA2662819A1 (en) | 2004-09-30 |
| AU2004221610B2 (en) | 2008-10-09 |
| JP2006520885A (ja) | 2006-09-14 |
| CN1784578A (zh) | 2006-06-07 |
| AU2004221610A1 (en) | 2004-09-30 |
| CN100565059C (zh) | 2009-12-02 |
| US6742357B1 (en) | 2004-06-01 |
| WO2004083753A2 (en) | 2004-09-30 |
| ATE547678T1 (de) | 2012-03-15 |
| US20040182108A1 (en) | 2004-09-23 |
| US7086251B2 (en) | 2006-08-08 |
| EG23713A (en) | 2007-06-07 |
| CN1791778A (zh) | 2006-06-21 |
| NO337772B1 (no) | 2016-06-20 |
| NO20054782L (no) | 2005-10-17 |
| CA2519213A1 (en) | 2004-09-30 |
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