JP4770298B2 - Preform base material, preform, and fiber-reinforced composite material structure using the same - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a preform base material that can be suitably used for manufacturing a large fiber-reinforced composite material structure such as an airplane.

  The fiber-reinforced composite material is composed of reinforcing fibers and a matrix resin, and there are various methods for manufacturing the same. Generally, a sheet-like prepreg is made by impregnating a matrix resin into a sheet in which reinforcing fibers are arranged in a sheet form (including those processed into a fabric so as to be easy to handle), and this is shaped into a desired shape and manufactured. Prepreg method or RTM which is processed by making the reinforcing fiber not impregnated with resin into a fabric shape so as to be easy to handle, and shaping the reinforcing fiber fabric into a desired shape and then impregnating it with a low viscosity matrix resin There are laws.

  Each of these methods requires a step of laminating and shaping a reinforcing fiber sheet of a sheet-like prepreg or a reinforcing fiber fabric into a desired shape. For example, in order to form a planar-like shaped body, reinforcing fibers Sheets are stacked to form a laminate, which is shaped into a desired plane. In the present invention, the shaped body thus formed is called a preform, and the precursor constituting the preform is called a preform substrate.

By the way, in recent years, the use of fiber reinforced composite materials has expanded to various fields, and the size of members required has increased accordingly. For example, in the case of a large aircraft that is rapidly expanding the application range of the fiber reinforced composite material in recent years, a large planar structure material such as a main wing skin skin plate has a width of 5 to 7 m and a length of 20 m to 30 m. It extends. On the other hand, the above-mentioned reinforcing fiber sheet is mainly supplied by a roll body of a sheet continuous in the longitudinal direction up to a width of about 1 m from the limit of the manufacturing apparatus or handleability. When producing a large shaped body using such a reinforcing fiber sheet having a limited width, it is necessary to join sheets cut to a required size in the longitudinal direction in the width direction. When such sheets are joined in the width direction, generally, there are many cases in which a method of abutting with as little gap as possible or a slight overlap is taken.
However, even if the sheet material is a unidirectional material in which reinforcing fibers are arranged in one direction only in the longitudinal direction, such a joining portion is affected by local orientation disorder of the fibers, thickness change, etc. The mechanical properties after molding will change considerably. Furthermore, when the reinforcing fibers are oriented at an angle with respect to the longitudinal direction, the reinforcing fibers are cut at the ends, so there is no continuity of the reinforcing fibers at the joining portion, and after the joining portion is molded. The mechanical properties of are significantly reduced.

  Therefore, in order to prevent such joint portions from concentrating on a part of the structure and significantly reducing the mechanical properties of the portions, it is necessary to avoid as much as possible that the joint portions match in the thickness direction.

  Therefore, in order to stack the joining portions so that the positions of the joining portions do not overlap in the thickness direction, a method of sequentially stacking the reinforcing fiber sheets while changing the position and direction of each layer is conceivable. However, if the reinforcing fiber sheets are laminated while changing the position and direction for each layer in order to shift the joining portion, it takes a lot of time to form a thick member with a large area.

  Thus, a method has been proposed in which a plurality of reinforcing fiber sheets are laminated in advance to a necessary thickness to form a preform substrate, and a preform is formed using the preform substrate (for example, Patent Document 1). However, even when such a preform base material is used, in reality, for example, in order to form a large structure having a width of 5 m or more, a plurality of preform base materials are arranged in the width direction. In that case, the edges of the reinforcing fiber sheets constituting the preform base material are aligned in the thickness direction, so that the joining portion is concentrated on a part of the structure. As a result, the mechanical properties of the structure are extremely reduced.

And even if it is not a special large member as described above, in the case of a structure having a complicated three-dimensional shape such as an outer panel of an airplane wing, the sheet deformation is caused when a single reinforcing fiber sheet is laminated and molded. Wrinkles may occur due to exceeding the capacity. In such a case, dividing and stacking sheets according to the shape may be an effective measure, and the above-described problem occurs even when this is implemented.
JP 2004-160927 A

  In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a preform base material, a preform, and a fiber reinforced composite material structure using the same for producing a fiber reinforced composite material structure having excellent physical properties with high productivity. It is intended to do.

The present invention for solving the above-described problems is characterized by the following (1) to ( 9 ).
(1) A preform base material in which a plurality of reinforcing fiber sheets are laminated and the reinforcing fiber sheets are bonded to each other, and the preform has a larger area than the preform base material when combined in the surface direction. is intended for making reinforcing fiber sheet adjacent, spaced apart from each other in a direction at least one pair of end sides crossing the stacking direction, and, along with being stacked in parallel, the adjacent A preform base material , wherein the reinforcing fiber sheets are separated from each other by a separation distance S satisfying the following (formula 1) .
S ≦ (L-12A) / (N−1) (Formula 1)
N: Number of layers (≧ 3)
L: Length of the reinforcing fiber sheet in the separating direction
A: The base material for preform as described in (1 ) above, wherein a roll body having a thickness ( 2 ) which is not thin among adjacent reinforcing fiber sheets is formed.
( 3 ) The preform substrate according to (1 ) above, wherein the plurality of reinforcing fiber sheets are parallelograms.
( 4 ) The preform substrate according to any one of (1) to ( 3 ), wherein the plurality of reinforcing fiber sheets have the same shape.
( 5 ) The preform substrate according to any one of (1) to ( 4 ), wherein the reinforcing fiber sheet is a unidirectional woven fabric.
( 6 ) The preform substrate according to any one of the above (1) to ( 5 ), wherein the reinforcing fiber sheets are joined with a thermoplastic resin and / or a thermosetting resin.
( 7 ) A preform characterized in that a plurality of the preform base materials according to any one of (1) to ( 6 ) are arranged in a planar direction so that the end sides face each other.
( 8 ) A plurality of the preform substrates according to any one of (1) to ( 6 ) above are arranged in a plane direction, and each reinforcing fiber sheet of one preform substrate is replaced with the other preform. A preform characterized in that it is arranged so as to overlap each reinforcing fiber sheet of the base material for use, and so that the overlapping distance of each layer is equal to or less than the separation distance of the end side.
( 9 ) A fiber-reinforced composite material structure molded using the preform described in ( 7 ) or ( 8 ) above.

    The present invention provides a preform base material in which a plurality of reinforcing fiber sheets are laminated and the reinforcing fiber sheets are joined to each other, and adjacent reinforcing fiber sheets are arranged in a direction in which at least one pair of edges intersects the laminating direction. By laminating the layers so as to be separated from each other and parallel to each other, it is possible to prevent the mechanical properties of a part of the finally manufactured structure from becoming extremely low. And, by joining together the preform base materials, it is possible to form as many large faceplate preforms as possible, compared to the labor involved when laminating together one reinforcing fiber sheet. It can be reduced to a fraction.

  The preform substrate of the present invention is formed by laminating and joining a plurality of reinforcing fiber sheets 3, 4, 5, 6 as shown in FIGS. FIG. 1 is an exploded view of a preform substrate of the present invention comprising four reinforcing fiber sheets 3, 4, 5, 6 in the laminating direction. The reinforcing fibers are formed by being aligned in one direction. And it has shown that the at least 1 set of edge side of an adjacent reinforcing fiber sheet is mutually spaced apart in the direction which cross | intersects a lamination direction, and is parallel. FIG. 2 is a view of heating and pressurizing the reinforcing fiber sheets 3, 4, 5, and 6 laminated as shown in FIG. 1 to temporarily melt the thermoplastic resin particles on the sheet surface and join adjacent reinforcing fiber sheets. It is a figure of the base material 25 for preforms integrated.

  Here, for example, when the reinforcing fiber sheets 3 and 4 are viewed, at least one pair of the side edges 7 and 8 are arranged so as to be separated from each other while being parallel to each other in a direction intersecting the lamination direction (surface direction of the reinforcing fiber sheet). The separation distance is 12T. In addition to the reinforcing fiber sheets 3 and 4, the reinforcing fiber sheets 5 and 6 are also arranged so that the end sides 9 and 10 are separated from each other while being parallel to each other in the same direction. They are 24T and 36T, respectively, when viewed from the end side 7. Further, in the present embodiment, not only the end sides 7 to 10 but also the end sides 11 to 14, the end sides 15 to 18 and the end sides 19 to 22 are separated from each other while being parallel to each other. They are 12T, 24T, and 36T, respectively, when viewed from the end sides 11, 15, and 19 of the reinforcing fiber sheet 3.

  In the present invention, at least one pair of corresponding side edges (for example, 7, 8, 9, 10) of the plurality of reinforcing fiber sheets 3, 4, 5, 6 constituting the preform base material are mutually connected. By shifting in parallel, when the preform base materials are combined so as to mesh with each other, it is possible to prevent the joint portion from being concentrated locally, and as a result, fibers molded using this Degradation of the mechanical properties of the reinforced composite structure can also be minimized.

  And in this embodiment, the four reinforcing fiber sheets 3-6 are all parallelograms of the same size, and each reinforcing fiber sheet 3-6 is a reinforcing fiber sheet adjacent to each other while keeping each side parallel. They are laminated so as to be displaced in the surface direction of the reinforcing fiber sheet by the same distance as the corresponding side.

  In order to manufacture a large fiber-reinforced composite material structure with high productivity, it is necessary that the preform substrate can be manufactured industrially and efficiently. To that end, a plurality of preforms constituting one preform are required. Also in the reforming base material, it is preferable that the material, thickness, fiber orientation and shape of the reinforcing fiber sheet, the direction of deviation from the reference sheet, and the separation distance are the same. And when one preform is constituted by the preform substrate of the same shape, the shape of each preform substrate is the same shape and a shape that can completely fill the plane without changing the direction, for example, A parallelogram or a regular hexagon is preferable, but a parallelogram is particularly preferable in view of ease of manufacturing a substrate and workability when manufacturing a preform. For this reason, also in this embodiment, the plurality of reinforcing fiber sheets constituting one preform base material are each a parallelogram.

  Note that the number of laminated reinforcing fiber sheets constituting one preform substrate may be increased or decreased as necessary, and the shape of the reinforcing fiber sheet is not limited to a parallelogram, for example, continuous in the longitudinal direction. It may be of the shape. Therefore, it is not necessary that all the edges of the adjacent reinforcing fiber sheets are separated from each other while being parallel to each other, and it is not necessary that the dimensions of the laminated reinforcing fiber sheets are uniform.

  When preparing the preform base material of the present invention from the reinforcing fiber sheet continuous in the longitudinal direction, the preform base material may be a roll body. In this case, for example, as shown in FIG. 8, only the sides parallel to the longitudinal direction of the reinforcing fiber sheets 43, 44, 45, 46 may be separated from each other while being kept parallel to each other.

For example, in order to manufacture a large-sized fiber-reinforced composite material structure, a plurality of the above-mentioned preform base materials are used, and one preform is formed by joining them together, but the joining part is partly In order to prevent concentration of the reinforcing fiber sheet, it is also preferable to adjust the separation distance of the reinforcing fiber sheets as follows. That is, when the thickness of the reinforcing fiber sheet constituting the preform substrate is uniform, the reinforcing fiber sheet is arranged so that the adjacent edges are separated from each other by a distance of 12 times or more the thickness of the reinforcing fiber sheet. It is preferable to do. On the other hand, when the reinforcing fiber sheets constituting the preform substrate have different thicknesses A and B (A> B), they are separated by a distance of 12 times or more the thickness A of the thick reinforcing fiber sheet. It is preferable to arrange a reinforcing fiber sheet. With this configuration, when a plurality of preform base materials are combined so that the reinforcing fiber sheets mesh with each other, it is possible to prevent the joint portions from being concentrated locally, and the joint portions are adjacent to each other. Since the reinforcing fiber sheet is reinforced, it is possible to prevent the strength characteristics and the like from being extremely lowered.

  And considering the point of avoiding concentration of the joining portion and the reinforcing effect by the adjacent reinforcing fiber sheets, the larger the separation distance of the reinforcing fiber sheets, the better, but the reinforcing fiber sheet in the direction in which the separation distance is shifted (separation direction) If the width is more than ½ of the width, another edge of the adjacent reinforcing fiber sheet is close, so that the joining portion is concentrated and the strength characteristics are lowered, and the preform base material is integrated. The handleability of the is extremely deteriorated. Therefore, the separation distance of the reinforcing fiber sheet is less than 1/2 of the length of the reinforcing fiber sheet in the separating direction, and further from 1/2 of the length of the reinforcing fiber sheet in the separating direction to 12 times the thickness of the reinforcing fiber sheet. It is preferable that the value be equal to or less than the value obtained by subtracting.

  In addition, when the separation distance is exactly ½ of the length of the reinforcing fiber sheet in the separation direction, the positions of the end sides coincide with each other in the lamination direction when three or more sheets are laminated. It is not preferable in terms of concentration of parts.

  When the adjacent reinforcing fiber sheets have different thicknesses A and B (A> B), the thickness of the reinforcing fiber sheet in the separating direction is 1/2 to the thickness A of the thick reinforcing fiber sheet. It is preferable that the value be equal to or less than the value obtained by subtracting.

The details of the separation distance of the reinforcing fiber sheets are as follows.
That is, in the preform base material in which the thickness of the reinforcing fiber sheet is T and the number of laminated layers is N (3 or more), the length of the reinforcing fiber sheet in the separation direction is L, and the separation distance S in each layer is for the preform. When it is the same in the base material, if S = L / (N-1), the positions of the end sides of the reinforcing fiber sheets in the outermost layer of the preform base material are matched. Distance S in each layer in order to avoid this it is necessary to the S ≦ (L-12T) / (N-1). When adjacent reinforcing fiber sheets have different thicknesses A and B (A> B), it is necessary to satisfy S ≦ (L−12A) / (N−1).

Also, the separation direction and separation distance of the reinforcing fiber sheets in the same preform base material are the ease of manufacturing the preform base material, the ease of standardization, and when the preform base materials are joined together. From the viewpoint of good workability, it is preferable that the amount is equal in the same direction.
In the present embodiment, the fibers constituting the reinforcing fiber sheet are aligned in one direction and oriented in the sheet. The orientation direction may be the same between the plurality of reinforcing fiber sheets constituting one preform substrate, but in this embodiment, the reinforcing fibers from the reinforcing fiber sheet 6 arranged at the bottom in the drawing. It is oriented at an angle of 0 ° / + 45 ° / −45 ° / 90 ° in order toward the sheet 3. Thus, when using a reinforcing fiber sheet having in-plane anisotropy, it is preferable to laminate the reinforcing fiber sheets in a pseudo isotropic manner because strength characteristics and the like can be made uniform in the plane direction. From the viewpoint of maintaining the form of the substrate, it is also preferable that the orientation direction of the fibers be + α ° direction and −α ° direction in addition to the 0 ° direction. Further, the fiber orientation of the reinforcing fiber sheet is point-symmetric about the layer center in the laminating direction such as 0 ° / 90 ° / 0 ° or −45 ° / 45 ° / 0 ° / −45 ° / 45 °. Such lamination is also preferable because the laminated structure does not change even if the front and back of the substrate are reversed. On the other hand, when the orientation direction is the same among a plurality of reinforcing fiber sheets constituting one preform substrate, the longitudinal direction of the reinforcing fiber sheet and the reinforcing fibers are used from the viewpoint of ease of manufacture and yield. It is preferable that the 0 ° directions of these coincide with each other.

  As the reinforcing fiber constituting the reinforcing fiber sheet, it is preferable to use carbon fiber because of its high specific strength and specific elastic modulus, but organic fibers such as glass fiber, nylon, polyester, polyaramid and the like can also be used.

  The reinforcing fiber sheet may be a reinforcing fiber sheet not impregnated with resin or a prepreg impregnated with resin in advance. Further, as described above, a reinforcing fiber sheet such as a reinforcing fiber fabric having in-plane anisotropy or a reinforcing fiber sheet made of felt having in-plane isotropy may be used, but the physical properties of the reinforcing fiber are effective. It is preferable to use a unidirectional reinforcing fiber sheet.

The thickness of each reinforcing fiber sheet, is not particularly limited, is preferably a 5mm from 0.01mm in consideration of handling properties, it is desirable that the basis weight is 5000 g / m ² from 10 g / m ² for the same reason.

  In addition, it is desirable that the type and thickness of the reinforcing fiber sheet in one preform base material are the same from the viewpoint of easy design, production, and standardization. They do not have to be identical.

  And the particle | grains of the thermoplastic resin are scattered and adhered as a joining means on the surface of the reinforcing fiber sheet. By heating and pressurizing the reinforcing fiber sheet to near the softening point of the thermoplastic resin, the reinforcing fiber sheets are joined and integrated. The adhesion of the particles may be on one side of each sheet or on both sides.

  The resin as the bonding means is not limited to a thermoplastic resin, and a thermosetting resin or a mixture thereof can be used. When adhesive properties are required only for handling the preform substrate, either a thermosetting resin or a thermoplastic resin may be used alone, or the compression strength after applying an impact (Compression After Impact) When impact resistance such as the above is required, it is preferable to use a mixture of a thermoplastic resin having excellent toughness and a thermosetting resin that can be easily reduced in viscosity and easily adhered to the reinforcing fiber substrate. Such a mixture has moderate adhesion to the reinforcing fiber sheet while having moderate toughness.

Examples of the thermosetting resin include an epoxy resin, an unsaturated polyester resin, a vinyl ester resin, and a phenol resin. Thermoplastic resins include polyvinyl acetate, polycarbonate, polyacetal, polyphenylene oxide, polyphenylene sulfide, polyarylate, polyester, polyamideimide, polyimide, polyetherimide, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyetheretherketone, polyaramid, poly Benzimidazole, polyethylene, polypropylene, cellulose acetate, cellulose butyrate and the like. These resins may be in the form of a film, mesh, or particles, but if the fiber reinforced sheet is not impregnated with a resin, the particles are preferred in view of the ease and uniformity of resin impregnation during molding. As a joining means, in addition to using a resin, physical means such as stitching and needling can be used.

  Next, a method of creating a preform by combining a plurality of preform substrates formed by stacking as shown in FIG. 1 as shown in FIG. 1 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 3 shows a preform 31 in which two identical preform bases 25 and 25 ′ integrated as shown in FIG. 2 are combined in the surface direction and the whole is heated and pressed again. The preform bases 25 and 25 ′ are configured as described above, and the preform bases 25 and 25 ′ are arranged so that the fiber orientation directions of the reinforcing fiber sheets adjacent in the plane direction are the same, and Then, the reinforcing fiber sheets stacked in a step-like manner are arranged so that the end sides are engaged with each other, and 25 and 25 ′ are integrated by heating and pressurizing. The preform 31 does not necessarily need to be integrated with the preform bases 25 and 25 ′, and may be used for the next step while maintaining the arranged state.

  Here, in order to minimize the strength reduction due to the discontinuity of the reinforcing fibers, it is preferable to match all the staircase edges without gaps. Joining without gaps is difficult due to sheet cutting accuracy and stacking position accuracy. On the other hand, practically, a reinforcing effect by continuous fibers in adjacent layers can be expected. Therefore, in the present invention, even a slight gap is allowed.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 4, it is also preferable to perform a certain amount of superposition. By performing the superposition, the discontinuous fibers reinforce each other, so that the strength reduction can be minimized. 4 is an XY cross-sectional view of the preform 31 in FIG. As for the amount D to be overlapped, the larger the amount, the more preferable it is to reinforce the spliced portions. There is a possibility that the edge of the reinforcing fiber sheet to be joined extends to the joint portion of the adjacent layers, and the thickness of the joint portion is remarkably increased, thereby affecting the original design performance. Therefore, it is desirable not to exceed the separation distance of the end sides of the reinforcing fiber sheet.

  As shown in FIGS. 5 to 7, the preform 31 thus integrated may be connected as necessary according to the dimensions of the desired fiber-reinforced composite material structure. That is, FIG. 5 shows a preform 51 in which the preform 31 shown in FIG. 3 is further joined in the longitudinal direction of the reinforcing fiber sheet. A plurality of the preforms 51 are prepared, and the reinforcing fiber is obtained as shown in FIG. The sheet 61 may be further joined in a direction crossing the longitudinal direction of the sheet to produce a planar structure preform 61 having a larger area.

At this time, if the joining positions of the preform base materials match in the direction intersecting the longitudinal direction of the reinforcing fiber sheet, the physical properties of the part will be lower than other parts, so the joining position should not match as much as possible. Is desirable. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 7, it is preferable that the preforms 51 and 51 ′ are further shifted from each other in the longitudinal direction of the reinforcing fiber sheet. In this case, it is preferable to shift the length of the reinforcing fiber sheet constituting the preform 25 in the range of 1/4 to 3/4 of the length β. Note that these preforms are not necessarily flat preforms. Rather, a curved preform can be produced by combining them along a curved mold.

  In addition, these preforms can be formed by further laminating the preform base material in the thickness direction, that is, the reinforcing fiber sheet laminating direction. Since the physical properties of the portion are locally lowered when the joint positions of the two are coincident, it is desirable that the joint positions do not coincide as much as possible. For this purpose, it is preferable to shift the joining position parallel to the stacking direction.

  Create preforms larger than the final dimensions of the desired fiber-reinforced composite structure by combining the preform bases as described above, mold, and finally cut the stepped end. Then, if the final shape is adjusted, a desired fiber-reinforced composite material structure can be obtained. In addition, assuming a final shape in which the preform base materials are combined in advance, a part of the end portion is cut in advance for the necessary preform base materials, and the preform is combined by combining them as expected. It may be formed.

  Thus, by using the preform substrate of the present invention, a fiber-reinforced composite material structure having excellent physical properties (for example, a structure having a large and complicated three-dimensional shape such as an outer wing of an airplane wing) can be produced. Can be manufactured well.

It is an exploded view of the base material for preforms concerning one Embodiment of this invention. 1 is a top view of a preform substrate according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a top view of the preform concerning one embodiment of the present invention. It is XY sectional drawing in FIG. It is a top view of the preform concerning one embodiment of the present invention. It is a top view of the preform concerning one embodiment of the present invention. It is a top view of the preform concerning one embodiment of the present invention. 1 is a perspective view of a preform substrate according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Explanation of symbols

3, 3 ': Reinforced fiber sheet 4, 4': Reinforced fiber sheet 5, 5 ': Reinforced fiber sheet 6, 6': Reinforced fiber sheet 7, 7 ': Edges of reinforcing fiber sheets 3, 3' 8, 8 ': End sides of reinforcing fiber sheets 4, 4' 9, 9 ': End sides 10, 10' of reinforcing fiber sheets 5, 5 ': End sides of reinforcing fiber sheets 6, 6'
11, 11 ': End sides of reinforcing fiber sheets 3, 3'
12, 12 ': Edges of reinforcing fiber sheets 4, 4'
13, 13 ': End sides of reinforcing fiber sheets 5, 5'
14, 14 ': Edges of reinforcing fiber sheets 6, 6'
15: End side 16 facing the end side 7 of the reinforcing fiber sheet 3 16: End side facing the end side 8 of the reinforcing fiber sheet 4 17: End side 18 facing the end side 9 of the reinforcing fiber sheet 5: Reinforcing fiber sheet 6: edge 19 facing the edge 10: edge 20 facing the edge 15 of the reinforcing fiber sheet 3: edge 21 facing the edge 16 of the reinforcing fiber sheet 4: edge 17 of the reinforcing fiber sheet 5 , Opposite edge 22: edge 25, 25 ′ opposite to edge 18 of reinforcing fiber sheet 6: preform substrate 31: preform 43: reinforcing fiber sheet 44: reinforcing fiber sheet 45: reinforcing fiber sheet 46 : Reinforced fiber sheet 51, 51 ': Preform 61: Preform 71: Preform

Claims (9)

A preform base material in which a plurality of reinforcing fiber sheets are laminated and the reinforcing fiber sheets are bonded to each other, and a preform having a larger area than the preform base material is produced by combining in a plane direction. The adjacent reinforcing fiber sheets are laminated so that at least one pair of end sides are spaced apart from and parallel to each other in a direction intersecting the laminating direction, and the adjacent reinforcing fiber sheets Are separated from each other by a separation distance S satisfying the following (formula 1) .
S ≦ (L-12A) / (N−1) (Formula 1)
N: Number of layers (≧ 3)
L: Length of the reinforcing fiber sheet in the separating direction
A: The thickness which is not thin among the thicknesses of adjacent reinforcing fiber sheets The preform substrate according to claim 1, wherein a roll body is formed. The preform substrate according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of reinforcing fiber sheets are parallelograms. The preform substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein the plurality of reinforcing fiber sheets have the same shape. The preform substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 4 , wherein the reinforcing fiber sheet is a unidirectional woven fabric. The preform substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 5 , wherein the reinforcing fiber sheets are bonded with a thermoplastic resin and / or a thermosetting resin. A preform, wherein a plurality of the preform base materials according to any one of claims 1 to 6 are arranged in a planar direction so that the end sides face each other. A plurality of preform base materials according to any one of claims 1 to 6 are arranged in a plane direction, and each reinforcing fiber sheet of one preform base material is reinforced with respect to the other preform base material. A preform characterized in that it is arranged so as to overlap with the fiber sheet, and the overlapping distance of each layer is equal to or less than the separation distance of the end sides. A fiber-reinforced composite material structure formed by using the preform according to claim 7 or 8 .

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