JP4763810B2 - 携帯装置を用いた方向探知のためのシステム及び方法 - Google Patents
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S3/00—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received
- G01S3/02—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received using radio waves
- G01S3/14—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction
- G01S3/46—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction using antennas spaced apart and measuring phase or time difference between signals therefrom, i.e. path-difference systems
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
- G01S5/02—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
- G01S5/04—Position of source determined by a plurality of spaced direction-finders
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04B5/00—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems
- H04B5/70—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems specially adapted for specific purposes
- H04B5/77—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems specially adapted for specific purposes for interrogation
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- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
- H04B7/0837—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using pre-detection combining
- H04B7/0842—Weighted combining
- H04B7/086—Weighted combining using weights depending on external parameters, e.g. direction of arrival [DOA], predetermined weights or beamforming
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
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- H04W4/02—Services making use of location information
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- H04W64/006—Locating users or terminals or network equipment for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management with additional information processing, e.g. for direction or speed determination
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Description
本国際出願は、2006年2月21日に出願された「携帯装置を用いた方向探知」という名称の米国出願番号第11/357,165号に基づくと共に、該出願に対する優先権を主張するものであり、該出願の全体の内容は引用により本明細書に組み入れられる。
WCDは、速度、距離、品質(エラー補正)、セキュリティ(コード化)等に関して各々が異なる利点を有する様々な無線通信ネットワークを介して、情報の送信と受信の両方を行うことができる。これらの特性は、受信装置に転送できる情報量、及び情報転送時間を決定づけることになる。図1は、WCD、及びWCDが様々な種類の無線ネットワークとやりとりする方法についての図を含む。
前述したように、本発明は、様々な無線通信機器を用いて実施することができる。従って、本発明について検討する前に、ユーザ110が利用可能な通信手段を理解することが重要である。例えば、セルラ電話又は他の携帯無線装置の場合には、これらの装置の一体化されたデータ処理機能は、送信装置と受信装置との間のトランザクションを容易にする上で重要な役割を果たす。
今日の市場には、いくつかの位置探知又は方向探知システムが存在する。図4では、この技術分野において2つの両極端を表すことができる2つの例を開示する。これらの2つの技術は、全く異なる目的を果たすべく実施されてきたものであり、従って異なる長所と短所とを有する。
本発明の少なくとも1つの実施形態は、WCD100からターゲットへの相対方向を特定するために、到来方向(「DoA」)信号処理スキームにおいて複数のアンテナで受信した信号を使用する。
この技術では、アンテナアレイの要素により受信される信号の位相及び場合によっては振幅差に基づいて、(位置を示す送信信号などの)入射信号の到来方向が決定される。
Bartlett Beamformerとして歴史的に知られている最も単純な方法では、各アレイの指向方向(θ)における正規化受信電力は、次の関係を用いて計算される。
この場合、式(1)では、a(θ)は、いわゆるアレイのステアリングベクトルであり、Rは、受信信号の空間共分散行列である。Lは、アンテナアレイにおける要素番号である。aHは、行列aの共役転置を意味する。ここでは最も高い電力を与える方向が、ターゲットの方向であると仮定される。
この場合gn(θ)は、要素nの複素放射パターンであり、kは(λを中心周波数における波長とした場合、2π/λと定義される)波数であり、rnは、要素nの位置ベクトルであり、さらにurは、入射波方向θへ向かう放射ベクトルである。線形アレイが、同一の均等に離隔した要素であるという単純なケースでは、ステアリングベクトルは次式に単純化される。
この場合dは、アレイ内で均等に離隔した線形のアンテナ要素の要素間の間隔であり、θは、線形に設置されたアンテナ要素を結ぶ線と入射波方向との間の角度である。
図8は、例示的な位置を示す送信信号及び異なる種類の位置を示す信号の構成を示す図である。信号記述800は、BTLEE/ BluLite送信信号からのフレーム例を含む。この例ではBTLEE/ BluLiteを使用しているが、前述の通信媒体のうちの任意のものを適用することもできる。最初に、位置を示す送信信号として送信信号を識別する必要がある。16ビットのプリアンブルは、パケットの開始を示すと共に受信器を同期させるために用いられる(1010101010101010などの)コードを含むことができる。この指示により、WCD100は測定を開始できるようになり、その結果、8ビットのサービスフィールドが送信信号である場合、WCD100内のアンテナA1〜A6がプリアンブルとサービスフィールドの一方又は両方を測定できるようになる。下記に説明するように、送信信号800はまた、位置を示す送信装置についての識別情報、又はその他の装置のターゲット関連情報を含むこともできる。
ユーザ110が、WCD100上に表示されたリストからターゲットを選択した場合に、これらの情報を入手できるようにしてもよい。考えられる追加情報の内容について以下後述する。さらに、WCD100の有効送信距離内で発見した様々な潜在的ターゲット装置から受信した情報を用いて、(緯度及び経度などの)絶対表現で、或いは(ターゲットから150メートル北などの)相対表現で、WCD100のおおよその位置を三角測量することができる。
本発明は、数多くの実際的な用途を有する。本発明の少なくとも1つの実施形態では、建造物内で現在位置とターゲットへの相対方向との両方を特定するためのシステムを開示する。
本発明はまた、屋外における方向及び位置特定に容易に適用することもできる。図13は、その一例を示す図である。このシナリオでは、ユーザ110は、(図10と同様に)位置マーカ1010が存在する場所に進入する。しかしながら、これらのターゲットは、様々なサービスプロバイダに対する、及び一般市民の関心がある位置に対する方向探知を行うために、この区域全体にわたって様々な位置に設置されている。
300 ホストプロセッサ
610 アンテナ制御スイッチ
700 アンテナ構成
710 アンテナ構成
720 従来のBTLEE受信器
730 専用DoA受信器
Claims (20)
- 探索装置の送信距離内にあるターゲットから、ターゲット識別情報及び到来方向推定に使用されるデータを含む送信信号を受信するステップと、
送信信号を受信した送信元のターゲットのリストを前記探索装置上に表示するステップと、
所望のターゲットが前記ターゲットのリストから漏れている場合、前記所望のターゲットが前記ターゲットリストに現れることができるように、前記所望のターゲットにおいて送信信号を作動させるための、或いは送信信号の性質を変えるための無線要求メッセージを前記探索装置から送信するステップと、
前記探索装置上で、前記ターゲットリストからターゲットを選択するステップと、
前記探索装置において、前記選択されたターゲットに対応する送信信号が受信された相対方向を前記受信された送信信号のみに基づいて決定するステップと、
前記決定された方向に基づいて、前記探索装置上に、前記相対方向を示すステップと、を含むことを特徴とする方法。 - ターゲットからの前記送信信号は、短距離通信及び長距離通信からなるグループから選択される無線通信を介して受信される、
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記送信信号は、ターゲット位置とは別にターゲットに関する特定の情報を含む、
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記装置が前記探索装置上で選択された場合、前記ターゲットに関する前記特定の情報が表示される、
ことを特徴とする請求項3に記載の方法。 - 前記要求メッセージは、前記所望のターゲットにおいて送信信号を遠隔的に作動させるか、或いは前記所望のターゲットにおいて送信信号の性質を遠隔的に変えるために無線通信を介して送信される、
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記要求メッセージは、前記所望のターゲットの所有者が、該ターゲットを位置測定することに対して許可を与えることを要求するために無線通信を介して送信され、この要求が受け入れられれば、この結果、前記所望のターゲットにおける送信信号の作動、或いは該所望のターゲットの前記送信信号の性質の変更が行われる、
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記ターゲットと関連して前記探索装置のための現在位置を表示するステップ、
をさらに含む請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記送信信号は、少なくとも前記ターゲットの位置に関する情報を含む、
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記送信信号は、許可された装置によってのみアクセスされるように暗号化される、
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記探索装置の現在の方向を表示するステップをさらに含む、
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。 - プログラムであって、探索装置に、
前記探索装置の送信距離内にあるターゲットから、ターゲット識別情報及び到来方向推定に使用されるデータを含む送信信号を受信するステップと、
送信信号を受信した送信元のターゲットのリストを前記探索装置上に表示するステップと、
所望のターゲットが前記ターゲットのリストから漏れている場合、前記所望のターゲットが前記ターゲットリストに現れることができるように、前記所望のターゲットにおいて送信信号を作動させるための、或いは送信信号の性質を変えるための無線要求メッセージを前記探索装置から送信するステップと、
前記探索装置上で、前記ターゲットリストからターゲットを選択するステップと、
前記探索装置において、前記選択されたターゲットに対応する送信信号が受信された相対方向を前記受信された送信信号のみに基づいて決定するステップと、
前記探索装置上に、前記相対方向を示すステップと、
を実行させることを特徴とするプログラム。 - 前記送信信号は、ターゲット位置とは別にターゲットに関する特定の情報を含む、
ことを特徴とする請求項11に記載のプログラム。 - 前記装置が前記探索装置上で選択された場合、前記ターゲットに関する前記特定の情報が表示される、
ことを特徴とする請求項12に記載のプログラム。 - 前記要求メッセージは、前記所望のターゲットにおいて送信信号を遠隔的に作動させるか、或いは前記所望のターゲットにおいて送信信号の性質を遠隔的に変えるために無線通信を介して送信される、
ことを特徴とする請求項11に記載のプログラム。 - 前記要求メッセージは、前記所望のターゲットの所有者が、該ターゲットを位置測定することに対して許可を与えることを要求するために無線通信を介して送信され、この要求が受け入れられれば、この結果、前記所望のターゲットにおける送信信号の作動が行われる、
ことを特徴とする請求項11に記載のプログラム。 - 前記ターゲットと関連して前記探索装置のための現在位置を表示するステップ、
をさらに含む請求項11に記載のプログラム。 - 前記送信信号は、少なくとも前記ターゲットの位置に関する情報を含む、
ことを特徴とする請求項11に記載のプログラム。 - 前記送信信号は、許可された装置によってのみアクセスされるように暗号化される、
ことを特徴とする請求項11に記載のプログラム。 - ターゲットと、
探索装置と、
を含み、
前記探索装置は、探索装置の送信距離内にある前記ターゲットから、ターゲット識別情報及び到来方向推定に使用されるデータを含む送信信号を受信し、
前記探索装置は、送信信号を受信した送信元の前記ターゲットのリストを前記探索装置上に表示し、
前記探索装置は、所望のターゲットが前記ターゲットのリストから漏れている場合、前記所望のターゲットが前記ターゲットリストに現れることができるように、前記所望のターゲットにおいて送信信号を作動させるための、或いは送信信号の性質を変えるための無線要求メッセージを前記探索装置から送信し、
前記探索装置はさらに、前記ターゲットリストからターゲットを選択し、前記選択されたターゲットに対応する送信信号が受信された相対方向を前記受信された送信信号のみに基づいて決定し、
前記相対方向を示す、
ことを特徴とするシステム。 - 前記探索装置は、長距離通信、短距離通信、及び近距離通信のうちの少なくとも1つが可能な無線通信装置である、
ことを特徴とする請求項19に記載のシステム。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US11/357,165 | 2006-02-21 | ||
| US11/357,165 US7667646B2 (en) | 2006-02-21 | 2006-02-21 | System and methods for direction finding using a handheld device |
| PCT/IB2007/000365 WO2007096729A2 (en) | 2006-02-21 | 2007-02-15 | System and methods for direction finding using a handheld device |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2009527757A JP2009527757A (ja) | 2009-07-30 |
| JP4763810B2 true JP4763810B2 (ja) | 2011-08-31 |
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| JP2008555889A Expired - Fee Related JP4763810B2 (ja) | 2006-02-21 | 2007-02-15 | 携帯装置を用いた方向探知のためのシステム及び方法 |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (3) | US7667646B2 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP1994785B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP4763810B2 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN101385382B (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2007096729A2 (ja) |
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| CN101385382B (zh) | 2012-09-12 |
| US20100085257A1 (en) | 2010-04-08 |
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| CN101385382A (zh) | 2009-03-11 |
| US7667646B2 (en) | 2010-02-23 |
| WO2007096729A2 (en) | 2007-08-30 |
| EP1994785B1 (en) | 2020-05-27 |
| JP2009527757A (ja) | 2009-07-30 |
| US20100309058A1 (en) | 2010-12-09 |
| EP1994785A4 (en) | 2015-07-29 |
| US20070197229A1 (en) | 2007-08-23 |
| WO2007096729A3 (en) | 2007-11-22 |
| US8009099B2 (en) | 2011-08-30 |
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