JP4667015B2 - Wind sorter - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention is, for example, installed in a recycling-use plant for recovering reusable components such as empty cans and empty bottles from collected garbage, and promoting reuse of resources, such as empty cans and PET. More specifically, it relates to a wind power sorting device capable of sorting lightweight objects and heavy objects such as bottles and cullets. A sorting unit that sorts the sorting object, a transport mechanism that transports the sorting object toward the sorting unit, and a sorting nozzle mechanism that injects a sorting gas to the sorting object that is transported by the transporting mechanism and dropped and supplied to the sorting unit It is related with the wind-power sorting device provided with.

  This type of wind power sorter is equipped with a sealed separation box with a plurality of hoppers at the bottom and a garbage injection device at one end. There is known a pre-sorting apparatus for garbage that is configured to be charged and dropped into a hopper.

Further, in the wind power sorting apparatus that sorts garbage by its area specific gravity, a nozzle header having a plurality of air ejection nozzles arranged side by side is disposed below the terminal end portion of the garbage throwing conveyor with the ejection nozzle obliquely upward, The interval between the ejection nozzles is 50% or more and 100% or less of the representative size of dust, the diameter of the ejection nozzle is 1 mm or more and 5 mm or less, and the air ejection speed from the ejection nozzle is 80 m / s or more, A garbage wind sorting apparatus with a speed of 250 m / s or less has been proposed.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 51-101376 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 08-309286

However, according to the technique described in Patent Document 1 described above, in order to appropriately sort when the types of objects to be sorted are different, there is no other way than adjusting the wind speed ejected from the nozzle, and if the wind speed is increased, is blown off to be sorted object to be recovered in the heavy side mixed lightweight material side, there is a problem that the purity and heavy side of the recovery of light product side is reduced, corresponding to a plurality of types of object to be sorted matter Therefore, there was a problem in realizing a general-purpose wind sorting apparatus that sorts by adjusting the wind speed.

  On the other hand, in the case of Patent Document 2 described above, it is necessary to set in detail a plurality of parameters such as the interval of the ejection nozzle, the diameter, and the air ejection speed depending on the type of the object to be sorted, and adjustment for appropriate sorting is required. There was a problem of extreme difficulty.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a general-purpose wind power sorter capable of sorting without lowering the recovery rate and purity by simple adjustment even if the objects to be sorted differ, in view of the above-mentioned conventional drawbacks.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the first characteristic configuration of the wind power sorting apparatus according to the present invention is that, as described in claim 1 of the claims, the sorting gas is applied from the side to the free-falling object to be sorted. A sorting unit that sorts heavy and light items by spray supply, a transport mechanism that transports the target toward the sorting unit, and a target that is transported by the transport mechanism and dropped to the sorting unit And a sorting nozzle mechanism for blowing a lightweight object to a discharge chute on the far side, and supplying a sorting gas to a discharge chute on the near side, Aluminum can or PET collected as a light object and cullet collected as a heavy object and containing a lighter than an aluminum can or PET collected as a light object. did And than, the is a transport mechanism so as to supply the selected gas while applying an inertial force due to acceleration of gravity to be sorted matter by the object to be sorted matter by a predetermined distance falls, the flow rate of the screened gas, the predetermined distance The cullet before dropping is blown to the far side discharge chute by the sorting gas, and the cullet after dropping a predetermined distance is blown to the far side without causing the sorting gas to blow to the far side discharge chute. In addition to being dropped on the discharge chute on the side, the flow rate is set to give the aluminum can or PET that has fallen a predetermined distance a blowing action to the far discharge chute by the selection gas .

According to the above-described configuration, the sorting height is adjusted by adjusting the supply height of the sorting gas sprayed and supplied from the sorting nozzle mechanism to the sorting object that is transported by the transport mechanism and freely falls in the vertical direction to the sorting unit. It becomes possible to adjust the downward inertia force obtained by the free-falling motion before being affected by the gas. In other words, the inertia force is greater in the latter immediately after the object to be sorted and after a little time has passed, and even if the flow velocity of the sorting gas is the same, the inertia force is less affected by the sorting gas. Thus, it is possible to appropriately sort and separate heavy and light objects using such characteristics. For example, if the weight of the object to be sorted on the heavy object side is somewhat light, the inertial force is increased by adjusting the supply height of the sorting gas to reduce the weight without being affected by the sorting gas. It can be adjusted to fall to the object side.

  As described in the second aspect, in addition to the first characteristic configuration described above, the second characteristic configuration includes a supply height of the sorting gas within a range of a drop distance of 200 mm to 300 mm from the transport mechanism. Is set, and the flow rate of the sorting gas is 32 m / sec. To 40 m / sec. It is in the point set to.

When a cullet collected as a heavy article and an aluminum can or PET collected as a lightweight article are mixed, and the cullet collected as a heavy article contains a material that is lighter than an aluminum can or PET , By setting in the above range, the cullet collected as a heavy object has a relatively small particle diameter, and if it is just after dropping, the flow rate is 32 m / sec. To 40 m / sec. Even those that may be erroneously sorted lightweight material side by the sorting gas, since the sorting gas inertial force is applied by the gravitational acceleration in the course of falling to be supplied, accurately separated as a heavy It can be collected.

The third feature structure, as described in the claim 3, in addition to the first characterizing feature described above, the sorted matter is, the aluminum cans or PET recovered as a lightweight product, recovered as heavy A cullet distributed in a particle size range of 8 mm to 60 mm, mixed with aluminum cans collected as a lightweight material or cullet containing a material that is lighter than PET, and to-be-sorted from the transport mechanism The separation gas supply height is set within a range of 200 mm to 300 mm, and the flow rate of the selection gas is 36 m / sec. To 40 m / sec. It is in the point set to.

The objects to be sorted are aluminum cans or PET collected as lightweight items and cullets distributed in the range of particle diameters of 8 to 60 mm collected as heavy items, and are lighter than aluminum cans or PET collected as lightweight items. When the cullet containing the raw material is mixed, it is possible to perform the sorting with higher accuracy by setting the supply height of the sorting gas and the flow rate of the sorting gas within the above ranges.

  In the fourth feature configuration, in addition to the second or third feature configuration described above, the selection gas supply angle is in the range of 20 to 25 degrees upward from the horizontal posture. It is in the set point.

By setting the supply angle of the sorting gas in the range of 20 degrees to 25 degrees upward from the horizontal posture, the force of the sorting gas can be applied in a direction against the inertial force acting on the falling object to be sorted, This makes it possible to effectively increase the sorting accuracy so that the lighter object is not mixed into the heavy object side by strengthening the sorting action on the lighter object than the heavy object.

  In the fifth feature configuration, as described in claim 5, in addition to any one of the first to fourth feature configurations described above, the transport mechanism is configured by a vibrating transport mechanism, and the sorting nozzle mechanism However, there is a flat nozzle having a width equal to or wider than the conveying path width of the object to be sorted by the vibration type conveying mechanism.

  The object to be sorted conveyed by the vibration type conveying mechanism is conveyed while the heavy object is separated downward and the light object is separated upward by the vibration. If it falls to the selection part in this state, it will fall in the state from which the heavy article and the lightweight article were isolate | separated, and a heavy article will fall to the selection nozzle mechanism side. The object to be sorted falling in such a state is a heavy object that is lighter on the far side without being left behind by a sorting gas that is ejected from a flat nozzle that is equal to or wider than the conveying path width of the object to be sorted by the vibration type conveyance mechanism. Therefore, it is transported far away without colliding with and efficiently sorted.

  As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a general-purpose wind power sorting apparatus that can sort without reducing the recovery rate and purity by simple adjustment even if the objects to be sorted are different.

  Embodiments of a wind power sorting apparatus according to the present invention will be described below. As shown in FIG. 1, the wind power sorting apparatus 1 includes a sorting unit 2 that jets and supplies air as a sorting gas from the side to an object to be sorted 5 that freely falls in the vertical direction, and sorts heavy and lightweight objects. , A transport mechanism 3 for transporting an object to be sorted toward the sorting unit 2, and a sorting nozzle mechanism 4 for injecting and feeding a sorting gas to the object to be sorted 5 that is transported by the transport mechanism 3 and supplied to the sorting unit 2 by dropping. And is configured.

  The transport mechanism 3 is composed of a vibration-type transport mechanism in which a vibration motor 3d is attached to a transport path 3b attached to the frame 6 via an elastic support mechanism 3a such as a spring via a connecting frame 3c. The object to be sorted 5 put into the conveyance path 3b by the above is conveyed toward the sorting section 2 while vibrating on the conveyance path 3b excited by the vibration motor 3d, and freely free from the end in the vertical direction. Fall.

  Here, a case will be described in which a bottle or cullet 5b is selected as a heavy object and a can or PET 5a is selected as a light object from the collected resource garbage such as cans, PET, bottles, cullet, etc. The object to be sorted 5 by the wind power sorting apparatus according to the invention is not limited to this, and when sorting and separating heavy and light objects, such as sorting foreign objects (heavy objects) from light objects such as waste plastics and building waste materials. It is widely applied to.

  The sorting nozzle mechanism 4 has a flat nozzle 4a having at least a tip portion equal to or wider than the conveyance path width of the object to be sorted 5 by the vibration type conveyance mechanism 3, and the flat nozzle 4a in the same posture. And a height adjusting mechanism for adjusting the supply height of the sorting gas sprayed and supplied to the object 5 to be freely dropped by the sorting section 2 by the lifting mechanism 40. The

  More specifically, the elevating mechanism 40 includes a jack 40b attached to a base 40a provided at a center lower portion of the flat nozzle 4a in the width direction, and extends along the width direction of the flat nozzle 4a. A support portion 40c attached to the upper end surface 40f of the jack 40b and a support arm 40e supported by the support portion 40c and fixed along the width direction of the flat nozzle 4a, and the operation portion 40d of the jack 40b. The flat nozzle 4a is configured to be movable and adjusted in the vertical direction in the same posture by rotating.

  The base end side of the flat nozzle 4a is connected to the pusher blower 8 via the flexible tube 8a so that the flat nozzle 4a can be easily moved up and down by the lift mechanism 40, and is injected and supplied from the front end side thereof. Air is used as the sorting gas.

  The sorting unit 2 includes a main body casing 9 having discharge chute portions 9a and 9b whose lower ends are bifurcated in the perspective direction along the jetting direction of the sorting gas from the sorting nozzle mechanism 4, and the transport mechanism The sorting gas from the flat nozzle 4a is jetted from the tip of the conveyance path 3b to the sorting object 5 which is free-falling at an initial velocity in the horizontal direction of almost zero, and the lightweight object is blown away to the far side and discharged on the far side. It falls so as to drop onto the chute portion 9a, and the heavy object is dropped as it is onto the discharge chute portion 9b on the close side. 11a, 11b). The injected sorting gas is exhausted to the outside through an exhaust port 9d equipped with a filter 9c.

  The tip portion of the sorting nozzle mechanism 4 is positioned almost directly below the tip portion of the transport path 3a, and the vertical distance between them can be adjusted by the elevating mechanism 40, according to the characteristics of the object to be sorted. It is configured to be adjustable so that lightweight and heavy items can be accurately sorted.

  FIG. 1A shows a state in which the vertical distance between the front end portion of the transport path 3b and the front end portion of the sorting nozzle mechanism 4, that is, the drop d is adjusted to be short using the elevating mechanism 40. FIG. b) shows a state in which the head d is adjusted longer.

  Sorting is performed by adjusting the supply height of the sorting gas jetted and supplied from the sorting nozzle mechanism 4 to the sorting object 5 that is transported by the transport mechanism 3 and freely falls in the vertical direction to the sorting unit 2. It becomes possible to adjust the downward inertia force obtained by the free-falling motion before being affected by the gas.

  That is, as shown in FIGS. 2 (a) and 2 (b), a little time has passed (FIG. 2 (b)) immediately after the object 5 is dropped from the conveyance path 3b (FIG. 2 (a)). In the latter case, the inertial force due to the gravitational acceleration is larger, and even if the flow velocity of the sorting gas is the same, the larger inertia force is less affected by the sorting gas. Thus, it becomes possible to appropriately sort and separate heavy and light objects.

For example, when the weight of the object to be sorted 5 to be sorted on the heavy object side is slightly light, the inertial force is increased by adjusting the supply height of the sorting gas so as not to be affected by the sorting gas. It can be adjusted so that it falls to the heavy object side.

  Further, among the objects to be sorted 5 falling from the conveyance path 3b, the heavy objects have less influence of air resistance than the light objects, so that the inertial force is increased, and the weight of the objects is less affected by the selection gas. When the difference between the mass of the object and the light object is small, the selection gas is supplied with sufficient inertial force applied to the heavy object by setting the supply height of the selection gas injected and supplied from the selection nozzle mechanism 4 low. As a result, the sorting accuracy can be improved.

  Further, when the object to be sorted 5 is transported using the vibration-type transport mechanism, the heavy object is moved downward by the vibration on the transport path 3b and the light object is transported while being separated by moving upward. The heavy object and the light object are dropped into the sorting unit 2 in a state where the heavy object and the lightweight object are separated into two layers and the heavy object is located on the sorting nozzle mechanism 4 side. The object to be sorted 5 that falls in such a state is a light object on the far side without being left over by the sorting gas ejected from the flat nozzle 4a that is equal to or wider than the conveying path width of the object to be sorted by the vibration type transport mechanism. It will be transported far away without colliding with a heavy object and will be sorted efficiently.

  Next, in addition to the height adjusting mechanism described above, or in place of the height adjusting mechanism, the supply angle of the selection gas to be injected and supplied to the object 5 to be freely dropped by the selection unit 2 to the selection nozzle mechanism 4 The selection efficiency can also be improved by providing the angle adjusting mechanism 10 for adjusting the angle.

  As the angle adjusting mechanism 10, for example, as shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B, a gear 10a is fitted to an end of a support arm 40e having a circular cross section that supports the flat nozzle 4a, and the gear 10a The flat nozzle 4a fixed to the support arm 40e can be rotated around the axis of the support arm 40e by rotating the gear 10b meshing with the operation handle 10c.

  Then, when the mass difference between the heavy object and the light object of the object to be selected 5 is small, by changing the posture so that the tip of the flat nozzle 4a faces upward and injecting the selecting gas from below the object to be selected 5, It is possible to ensure that the action of blowing upward and far away against the inertial force acting on the lightweight object is larger than that for the heavy object, thereby improving the sorting accuracy according to the characteristics of the object to be sorted 5 become.

  By using the wind power sorter equipped with both the height adjustment mechanism and the angle adjustment mechanism described above, from the collected resource waste such as aluminum cans, PET, bottles, cullet, etc. When sorting cans or PET 5a, the drop d between the tip of the transport path 3b and the tip of the sorting nozzle mechanism 4, the elevation angle of the flat nozzle 4a from the horizontal, and the sorting gas injected from the flat nozzle 4a The cullet recovery rate was determined by varying the flow rate of the cullet.

  First, with respect to a cullet distributed in a particle size range of 8 mm to 60 mm, the above-described elevation angle was fixed to 20 degrees, and the recovery rate when the drop d and the wind speed were varied was experimentally measured. When the recovery rate table of FIG. 4A obtained as a result is graphed as shown in FIG. 4B, the wind speed is 40 m / sec. It was found that the difference due to the difference in the drop d appears remarkably. That is, when the head d is 264 mm, the tendency to fall as it is is strong even if the wind speed is large, and when the head d is smaller than that, it is easily affected by the wind speed. Therefore, in order to select a heavy cullet and a lightweight aluminum can or PET, the wind speed is 40 m / sec. It was assumed that a drop d near 260 mm was preferable in the vicinity.

  Based on the results, the recovery rate was measured by actually changing the head, the elevation angle, and the wind speed, and the results illustrated in FIG. 7 were obtained. As a result of analyzing such data, the supply height of the sorting gas adjusted by the height adjusting mechanism is such that the drop d falls within the range of 150 mm to 300 mm. It has been found that a favorable recovery rate is obtained when the fall distance is adjusted to be in the range of 150 mm to 300 mm, and a particularly favorable recovery rate is obtained especially when the fall distance is adjusted to be in the range of 200 mm to 300 mm. .

  Further, a preferable recovery rate can be obtained when the supply angle of the selection gas to be injected and supplied to the object 5 to be freely dropped by the selection unit 2, that is, the elevation angle is adjusted to fall within the range of 0 to 35 degrees. In particular, it has been found that a particularly favorable recovery rate can be obtained when the elevation angle is adjusted to fall within the range of 15 to 25 degrees.

  The above test was performed by changing the flow velocity of the sorting gas injected from the sorting nozzle mechanism 4 in various ways, but the wind speed was 32 to 40 m / sec. It was also confirmed that favorable results were obtained when adjusted to. Accordingly, the head d is in the range of 150 mm to 300 mm, the elevation angle is in the range of 0 to 25 degrees, and the wind speed is 32 to 40 m / sec. Recovery rate improved, drop d in the range of 200 mm to 300 mm, elevation angle in the range of 15 degrees to 25 degrees, and wind speed of 40 m / sec. It was found that a particularly preferred recovery rate was obtained at

  Another embodiment will be described below. In the embodiment described above, the vibration-type transport mechanism is used as the transport mechanism 3, but other types of transport mechanisms such as a belt-type transport mechanism and a screw-type transport mechanism can also be employed.

  The specific structures of the height adjusting mechanism and the angle adjusting mechanism are not limited to those described above, and can be appropriately configured using other known structures. For example, as shown in FIG. A support portion 40c that supports both ends of the support arm 40e is fixed to an upper end surface 40f of a bolt screw 40g that is screwed to a central portion of the base 40a, and can be adjusted up and down by rotating the bolt screw 40g. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 6, the eccentric cam 40h may be rotationally driven by a motor 40i to move the support portion 40c up and down. Furthermore, instead of the manual lifting operation by the operation unit 40d described above, an automatic operation method via a drive mechanism by an electric motor may be used.

  In the above-described embodiment, the height adjusting mechanism for adjusting the supply height of the sorting gas sprayed and supplied to the object to be freely dropped by the sorting unit and the material to be freely dropped by the sorting unit are jetted and supplied. Although an explanation has been given of an arrangement in which an angle adjustment mechanism for adjusting the supply angle of the selection gas is provided so that each can be adjusted within a predetermined range, the object to be selected is not provided with a height adjustment mechanism or an angle adjustment mechanism. Depending on the characteristics, the supply height and supply angle of the sorting gas may be fixed in advance.

  In the above-described embodiment, the thing to sort heavy items such as cullet and bottle from the collected resource waste such as aluminum can, PET, bottle, cullet, etc. has been explained as the object to be sorted. It goes without saying that it can be applied to those that can be sorted by wind power. Moreover, although what used air as a selection gas was demonstrated, it is also possible to select and use an inert gas etc. suitably according to the selection object.

  Any of the above-described embodiments is an example of the present invention, and it goes without saying that the scope of the present invention is not limited by the specific configuration described above.

(A) is explanatory drawing of the wind power sorter when the head d is small, (b) is explanatory drawing of the wind power sorter when the head d is large. (A) is explanatory drawing of wind-power selection operation | movement when the head d is small, (b) is explanatory drawing of wind-power selection operation | movement when the head d is large. (A) is a side view of the main part of the height adjustment mechanism, (b) is a plan view of the main part. (A) is a data table showing experimental results of the cullet recovery rate, and (b) is a characteristic diagram thereof. The side view of the principal part of a height adjustment mechanism which shows another embodiment FIGS. 4A and 4B show another embodiment, in which FIGS. 4A and 4B are side views of the main part of the height adjustment mechanism, and FIG. Data table showing experimental results

1: Wind sorting device 2: Sorting unit 3: Conveying mechanism (vibrating conveying mechanism)
4: Sorting nozzle mechanism 5: Sort object 11: Angle adjustment mechanism 40: Height adjustment mechanism (elevating mechanism)

Claims (5)

A sorting unit that injects and supplies a sorting gas from a side to a free-falling object to be sorted to sort heavy and lightweight objects, a transport mechanism that transports the object to be sorted toward the sorting unit, and the transport mechanism. A sorting nozzle for injecting and supplying a sorting gas to an object to be sorted that is transported and supplied to the sorting unit to drop a heavy object onto a discharge chute on the near side and to blow a light article onto a discharge chute on the far side A wind power sorting device comprising a mechanism,
Aluminum can or PET collected as a light object and cullet collected as a heavy object and containing a lighter than an aluminum can or PET collected as a light object. And
Configured to supply the sorting gas in a state where an inertial force due to gravitational acceleration is applied to the sorting object by dropping the sorting object from the transport mechanism by a predetermined distance;
The flow rate of the sorting gas gives the cullet before the predetermined distance falls to the far side discharge chute by the sorting gas, and the cullet after the predetermined distance falls to the far side discharge chute by the sorting gas. The flow rate is set to a flow velocity that causes the aluminum can or the PET after falling a predetermined distance to blow to the far side discharge chute by the sorting gas to the far side discharge chute without being blown . Wind sorting device.   The supply height of the sorting gas is set in the range of 200 mm to 300 mm of the fall distance of the sorting object from the transport mechanism, and the flow rate of the sorting gas is 32 m / sec. To 40 m / sec. The wind power sorting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein The objects to be sorted are aluminum cans or PET collected as lightweight items and cullets distributed in the range of particle diameters of 8 to 60 mm collected as heavy items , and are lighter than aluminum cans or PET collected as lightweight items. Is mixed with cullet that contains
The supply height of the sorting gas is set in the range of 200 mm to 300 mm of the fall distance of the sorting object from the transport mechanism, and the flow rate of the sorting gas is 36 m / sec. To 40 m / sec. The wind power sorting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein   The wind power sorting apparatus according to claim 2 or 3, wherein a supply angle of the sorting gas is set in a range of 20 to 25 degrees upward from a horizontal posture.   The conveyance mechanism is configured by a vibration type conveyance mechanism, and the selection nozzle mechanism is configured to include a flat nozzle that is equal to or wider than a conveyance path width of an object to be sorted by the vibration type conveyance mechanism. 4. The wind power sorting apparatus according to any one of 4 above.

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