JP4510381B2 - 水溶性でカチオン性のポリチオフェン誘導体を使用する、負に荷電したポリマーの検出 - Google Patents
水溶性でカチオン性のポリチオフェン誘導体を使用する、負に荷電したポリマーの検出 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4510381B2 JP4510381B2 JP2002579498A JP2002579498A JP4510381B2 JP 4510381 B2 JP4510381 B2 JP 4510381B2 JP 2002579498 A JP2002579498 A JP 2002579498A JP 2002579498 A JP2002579498 A JP 2002579498A JP 4510381 B2 JP4510381 B2 JP 4510381B2
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QARBMVPHQWIHKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanesulfonyl chloride Chemical compound CS(Cl)(=O)=O QARBMVPHQWIHKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010369 molecular cloning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000896 monocarboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002751 oligonucleotide probe Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001717 pathogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002974 pharmacogenomic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008363 phosphate buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002467 phosphate group Chemical group [H]OP(=O)(O[H])O[*] 0.000 description 1
- 150000008300 phosphoramidites Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000128 polypyrrole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012047 saturated solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004756 silanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010898 silica gel chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium citrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000011895 specific detection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960002317 succinimide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021642 ultra pure water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012498 ultrapure water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
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Description
を有するチオフェンモノマーからなるカチオン性で水溶性のポリマーの合成及び使用に関する。
a)負に荷電したポリマーに相補的な標的を、チオフェンポリマーと接触させ、二本鎖を形成する工程;
b)前記二本鎖を、負に荷電したポリマーと接触させる工程;及び
c)負に荷電したポリマーの存在の指標として、荷電、蛍光、または発色の変化を検出する工程;
を含む、負に荷電したポリマーの存在の検出方法を含む。
a)第一の核酸に相補的な標的を、チオフェンポリマーと接触させ、二本鎖を形成する工程;
b)前記二本鎖を、第一の核酸と接触させ、特異的なハイブリダイゼーションを生成する工程;
c)前記二本鎖を、第二の核酸と接触させ、非特異的なハイブリダイゼーションを生成する工程;及び
d)荷電、蛍光、または発色の変化を検出する工程;
を含む、少なくとも一つのヌクレオチドによって第一の核酸とは異なる第二の核酸から、第一の核酸を識別する方法を含む。
水溶性で、カチオン性で、電気的に活性で、光学活性なポリ(3−アルコキシ−4−メチルチオフェン)の調製のための好ましい合成スキームが以下に示される。
水酸化ナトリウム(0.4g、15mmol)を、50mLのDME中のN,N−ジエチルプロパンアミン(2.0g;15.2mmol)の溶液に、窒素下で0から10℃の間で加え、生成した混合物を環境温度で20分間攪拌した。20mLのDMA(20mL)に溶解した3−ブロモ−4−メチルチオフェン(2.0g、11.3mmol)と、CuI(1.07g、5.65mmol)を反応混合物に加えた。その後反応混合物を95℃で一晩窒素下で攪拌し、塩化メチレンで希釈し、濾過した。有機相を水で3回洗浄し、MgSO4で乾燥し、蒸発させた。粗産物を、溶出液としてCH2Cl2を使用し、その後MeOHを使用して、シリカゲルでのクロマトグラフィーによって精製した。
1−ブロモエタン(6mL、80.4mmol)を、60mLのアセトニトリル中の化合物3(0.4g、1.8mmol)の溶液に加えた。反応混合物を窒素下で70℃で3日間攪拌した。アセトニトリルの蒸発後、粗産物を無色のパウダーとして酢酸エチルから結晶化した。
1−メチル−イミダゾール(1.0mL、12.3mmol)を、CH3CN(35mL)中に溶解した産物4(0.54g、2.46mmol)の溶液に加えた。精製した反応混合物を、70℃で2日間攪拌した。溶媒の蒸発後、粗産物を暖かい酢酸エチルで二度、室温でジエチルエーテルで二度洗浄し、純白の固体の化合物としてモノマー2を得た。
メタンスルホニルクロリド(2.4mL;31.2mmol)を、ジクロロメタン(50mL)中の3−チオフェンエタノール(2.0g;15.6mmol)とトリエチルアミン(4.3mL;31.2mmol)の溶液に滴下した。反応混合物を室温で2時間攪拌した。有機相をNaHCO3溶液で洗浄し、引き続き水で数回洗浄し、最後にMgSO4で乾燥し、濃縮した。粗産物を、溶出液としてCH2Cl2/ヘキサン(1/1)を使用するシリカゲルクロマトグラフィーにより精製し、化合物6を得た(59%):
窒素下のクロロホルム(23mL)中の三塩化鉄(0.94g、5.8mmol)の溶液に対して、クロロホルム(15mL)中のモノマー1(0.487g、1.4mmol)の溶液を滴下した。混合物を室温で2日間攪拌した。反応混合物を蒸発させて乾燥し、粗産物をメタノールで迅速に洗浄し、過剰なアセトンに溶解し、過剰な塩化テトラブチルアンモニウムまたは臭化テトラブチルアンモニウムの添加により沈降した。暗赤色のポリマーをメタノール中に溶解し、数滴のヒドラジンの添加により脱ドープ処理した。最終溶液を蒸発させた。生成ポリマーを、アセトン中の塩化テトラブチルアンモニウムまたは臭化テトラブチルアンモニウムの飽和溶液で数回洗浄し、6時間に亘りアセトンでSoxlet抽出し、次いで減圧下で乾燥し、ポリマー1を得た(0.32g、66%)。
i)合成オリゴヌクレオチド
クォーツUVキュベットにおいて、100μL(7.47×10−8の正の荷電の繰り返し単位(RU))のポリマー2の溶液を、0.1MのNaClまたは10Mmのトリスバッファープラス0.1MのNaCl(pH=8)のそれぞれを含む水溶液(3mL)に加えた。混合物を5分間55℃に加熱し、黄色の出現物を得た。次いで12μL(7.47×10−8の負の荷電のRU)のオリゴヌクレオチド溶液(キャプチャープローブ)を加え、生成した赤色の溶液をさらに5分間55℃で維持した。適切なオリゴヌクレオチド標的を、55℃で5分間かけて溶液に加えた。最終の黄色はポジティブの結果を示し、完全なハイブリダイゼーションが生じたことを意味する。他方で、赤色または赤ピンク色は、それぞれ特異的なハイブリダイゼーションが存在しないこと、または部分的なハイブリダイゼーション(二つのミスマッチ)を示す(それぞれ図1−3)。
PCR産物から得たアンプリコン(二本鎖149塩基対)を、Qiagen社により市販されている<QIAquick>によって事前精製した。H2O(90μL)を遠心チューブに加え、次いで6.7μL(5.03×10−9molの正の荷電)のポリマー2の溶液を加え、次いでオリゴヌクレオチドキャプチャープローブY1(2μL;5.03×10−9molの負の荷電)を加え、最後に1MのNaCl(20μL)を加えた。生成した混合物を50℃で10分間加熱した。精製したPCR産物を新たに変性し、冷水で冷却し、次いで前述の溶液に加えた。ハイブリダイゼーション反応を50℃で35分間維持し、発色の変化を視覚的またはUV測定によって観察した(図4)。
蛍光測定計を使用することを除いて、光学的検出について記載されたものと同様の方法を使用した。「二本鎖」(正に荷電したポリマーとオリゴヌクレオチドキャプチャープローブの間の会合)の蛍光強度は、凝集形態のポリマーの蛍光クエンチング特性のため、弱いまたは有意ではなかった(実質的にゼロ)。完全なハイブリダイゼーションが生じた場合、蛍光シグナルはより有意となる(図7)。
ハイブリダイゼーションの電気化学的試験を、コントロールブランクと関連させて実施した。60μL(1.44×10−8molの負の荷電)のキャプチャーオリゴヌクレオチドY1を、環境温度で5分間アミノ化ITO電極(S=50mm2)に沈着させた。水で洗浄後、60μL(1.44×10−9molの負の荷電)の標的オリゴヌクレオチドX1を加え、ハイブリダイゼーションを55℃で20分かけて実施した。次いで電極を10分かけて室温に冷却し、0.3MのNaCl、0.03MのNaOAc、及び0.1%のSDS(pH7)及び水で二度洗浄した。100μL(1×10−8molの正の荷電)のポリマー1または2の溶液を5分間変性電極に広げ、次いでCH3CN/H2O(1/4)及び水で洗浄した。サイクル電流電圧測定を、水性0.1MのNaCl溶液で実施した(図10及び11)。
i)ITO電極に対するDNAプローブの共有結合(ポリマー2)
ITOスライドを、ヘキサン(10分)、メタノール(10分)、及び超純水(10分)でソニケートし、次いで40℃で30分の期間、王水溶液(H2O2/H2O/NH4OH,1/5/1)で処理した。生成したスライドを水で迅速に洗浄し、次いで水中及びアセトン中でソニケートし、空気、窒素またはアルゴンで乾燥し、110℃で2から10分加熱した。これに引き続き、スライドを3時間不活性雰囲気下で、5%メルカプトプロピルトリメトキシシランを含む酸性化エタノール溶液(95%エタノール中の1mM酢酸)に浸液し、引き続き新鮮なエタノール(95%)及び超純粋滅菌水でソニケートした。最後にスライドを110℃で少なくとも1時間加熱し、室温に冷却し、その後DNAで変性した。
50μLのRC−DNA(Y1)またはプローブX1(ブランク試験)(2×SSC中に25μM)を、DNAスポットに沈着する。次いでスライドを加湿環境で55℃で約3時間加熱し、次いで15分間室温に冷却する。非反応DNAを流し、スライドを2×SSC、NaCl(0.1M)で洗浄し、1×SSC+0.1%Tween20で洗浄し、NaCl(0.1M)で洗浄する。
ポリマー2を電極に沈着する。スライドを室温で5分間ポリマー2の溶液(0.01MのNaCl中に10−4Mの2mL)に垂直に浸液する。次いでスライドを2mLのNaCl溶液(0.01M)に浸し、次いで2mLのCH3CN/H2O(1/4)溶液に浸し、最後に2mLのNaCl溶液(0.01M)に浸す。
30μLのY1(2.5μM/0.1MのNaCl)を、ITO電極の表面に配置されたハイブリダイゼーションチェンバーに挿入する。スライドを加湿環境で55℃で約2時間加熱し、次いで室温に冷却する。ハイブリダイゼーションチェンバーを除去し、スライドを0.1MのNaCl溶液で洗浄し、最後にアルゴンで乾燥する。
ポリマー3を電極に沈着する。30μLのポリマー3の水溶液(10−4M)を、ITO電極の表面に配置されたハイブリダイゼーションチェンバーに挿入する。スライドを55℃で20分加熱する。ハイブリダイゼーションチェンバーを除去し、スライドを0.8MのNaCl溶液の第一の部分で55℃で洗浄し、次いで新たな部分で室温に冷却しながら洗浄する。最後にスライドを0.1MのNaCl溶液で室温ですすぐ。
金スライドを、ヘキサン、メタノール、及び水で連続的にすすぐ。次いでプレートを約15分の期間ピラナフ(pyranah)溶液(H2O230%/H2SO4濃縮/;30/70)で処理する。次いでスライドをナノピュア滅菌水で徹底的に洗浄し、アルゴンで乾燥する。
本発明に記載されたポリマーは、負に荷電した分子、特に核酸に対して高いアフィニティーを有する。さらに、それら水溶液に可溶性であり、広範囲の温度で非常に安定である。それ故、これらの特性を、核酸及び他の負に荷電した分子の精製に使用することが可能である。クロマトグラフィー分離は、以下の工程を含むであろう:(1)ポリマーを固定化する工程;(2)静電的相互作用が分析物とポリマーの間で可能なような条件下で、固定化したポリマーで分離されるように分析物を適用する工程;及び(3)分析物とポリマーの間の静電的相互作用が離れる条件を適用することによって、分析物を溶出する工程。
精製され、in vitroで転写され、ポリアデニル化された、NAC1をコードするArabidopsis thaliana遺伝子のメッセンジャーRNAをStratageneから購入した。完全にマッチした相補的DNAオリゴヌクレオチドN1(5' CGAGGCTTCCATCAATCTTA 3')を、Perkin-Elmer 391合成器でホスホルアミダイト化学により合成した。非関連のY2DNAオリゴヌクレオチドを同様な態様で得た。全ての試薬、及びRNAと接触される液体操作材料を、RNアーゼフリーであることを確認し、またはRNアーゼを不活性化するためにジエチルピロカルボナートで処理した(J. Sambrook及びD. W. Russel, Molecular Cloning, A Laboratory Manual, CSHL Press, 2001)。検出器に100ボルトを適用し、420±10nmで励起セットで、530±5nmで蛍光放射を測定して、Variant Cary Eclipse分光光度計で42.5℃で蛍光測定を実施した。
Claims (27)
- 式中、
a)「m」=3であり;
b)R*は+NEt3であり;
c)Yは酸素原子であり;及び
d)R1はメチル基である
請求項1に記載のモノマー。 - 請求項1から9のいずれか一項記載のモノマー単位を複数含む多分散ポリマー。
- 前記ハロゲン化銅がCuIである、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記酸化剤がFeCl3またはK2S2O8である、請求項16に記載の方法。
- R1がメチル基であり、前記ポリマーが部位規則的で水溶性である、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 前記ポリマーが熱安定性であり、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 請求項16から18のいずれか一項記載の方法から得られるポリマー。
- 請求項1に記載の繰り返しチオフェン部分を含む正に荷電した多分散ポリマーの荷電、蛍光、または発色の変化を検出することによる、核酸の存在を検出するための、請求項1に記載の繰り返しチオフェン部分を含む正に荷電した多分散ポリマーの使用。
- 前記正に荷電したポリマーが、前記核酸に相補的な標的と反応させられる、請求項21に記載の使用。
- 前記正に荷電したポリマーが、前記相補的な標的にイオン的に結合されている、請求項22に記載の使用。
- 前記核酸に相補的な標的が固体の支持体に結合され、次いで前記核酸が前記相補的な標的と反応させられ、前記固体の支持体によってその捕獲が生じて複合体が形成され、次いで前記正に荷電したポリマーが、前記相補的な標的と前記核酸との前記複合体と反応させられる、請求項21に記載の使用。
- 前記核酸に相補的な標的が固体の支持体に結合され、次いで前記正に荷電したポリマーが前記相補的な標的と反応させられ、前記固体の支持体によってその捕獲が生じて複合体が形成され、次いで前記核酸を、前記相補的な標的と前記正に荷電したポリマーとの前記複合体と反応させられる、請求項21に記載の使用。
- 前記固体の支持体が、電極、光ファイバー、ガラススライド、及びガラスビーズからなる群から選択される、請求項24または25に記載の使用。
- 核酸の精製のための、請求項24から26のいずれか一項に記載の使用。
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| US28844201P | 2001-05-04 | 2001-05-04 | |
| PCT/CA2002/000485 WO2002081735A2 (en) | 2001-04-05 | 2002-04-05 | Detection of negatively charged polymers using water-soluble, cationic, polythiophene derivatives |
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| JP2004534013A JP2004534013A (ja) | 2004-11-11 |
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| CA (1) | CA2442860C (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2002081735A2 (ja) |
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| EP1373246B1 (en) * | 2001-04-05 | 2012-09-12 | Geneohm Sciences Canada, Inc. | Detection of negatively charged polymers using water-soluble, cationic, polythiophene derivatives |
| SE0201468D0 (sv) * | 2002-05-13 | 2002-05-13 | Peter Aasberg | Metod att använda luminescenta polymerer för detektion av biospecifik växelverkan |
| AU2003243722A1 (en) | 2002-06-20 | 2004-01-06 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Methods and compositions for detection and analysis of polynucleotides using light harvesting multichromophores |
| US7144950B2 (en) | 2003-09-17 | 2006-12-05 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Conformationally flexible cationic conjugated polymers |
| US10001475B2 (en) | 2002-06-20 | 2018-06-19 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Light harvesting multichromophore compositions and methods of using the same |
| US9371559B2 (en) | 2002-06-20 | 2016-06-21 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Compositions for detection and analysis of polynucleotides using light harvesting multichromophores |
| JP4504821B2 (ja) | 2002-08-26 | 2010-07-14 | ザ リージェンツ オブ ザ ユニバーシティ オブ カリフォルニア | 集光性多発色団を用いてポリヌクレオチドを検出及び分析するための方法並びに組成物 |
| AU2004215006A1 (en) | 2003-02-13 | 2004-09-10 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Methods and compositions for detection and analysis of polynucleotide-binding protein interactions using light harvesting multichromophores |
| US20080050842A1 (en) * | 2003-02-15 | 2008-02-28 | Golovlev Valeri V | Method of visualization and quanitification of biopolymer molecules immobilized on solid support |
| CA2430910A1 (en) | 2003-06-03 | 2004-12-03 | Infectio Diagnostic (I.D.I.) Inc. | Optical sensors based on hybrid aptamer/conjugated polymer complexes |
| DE112004001737B4 (de) | 2003-09-17 | 2016-08-11 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Verfahren umfassend lösliche, konjugierte Polymere zur Ausbildung benachbarter Schichten auf einem Substrat oder zum Hinzufügen einer Polymerschicht zu einem Substrat, mehrschichtige elektronische Vorrichtung und Verwendung in elektronischen Bauteilen |
| US20070178470A1 (en) * | 2003-12-12 | 2007-08-02 | Infectio Recherche Inc. | System for charge-based detection of nucleic acids |
| SE0401219D0 (sv) | 2004-05-10 | 2004-05-10 | Biochromix Ab | Metoder för detektera konformationsförändringar eller aggregering hos proteiner med hjälp av konjugerade polyelektrolyter |
| WO2006029226A1 (en) | 2004-09-03 | 2006-03-16 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Methods and devices utilizing soluble conjugated polymers |
| US8309672B2 (en) | 2004-09-03 | 2012-11-13 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Soluble conjugated polymers |
| WO2006074471A2 (en) | 2005-01-10 | 2006-07-13 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Cationic conjugated polymers suitable for strand-specific polynucleotide detection in homogeneous and solid state assays |
| US7811755B2 (en) | 2005-01-10 | 2010-10-12 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Methods and articles for strand-specific polynucleotide detection with cationic multichromophores |
| WO2006083932A2 (en) | 2005-01-31 | 2006-08-10 | The Regents Of The University | Methods and compositions for aggregant detection |
| JP5529382B2 (ja) | 2005-03-01 | 2014-06-25 | ザ リージェンツ オブ ザ ユニバーシティ オブ カリフォルニア | 固体照明に用いられる多層ポリマー発光ダイオード |
| ES2341669T3 (es) * | 2005-03-03 | 2010-06-24 | National Research Council Of Canada | Metodos y composiciones para la deteccion y el analisis de acidos nucleicos por amplificacion de señal. |
| CA2676442A1 (en) * | 2006-05-11 | 2007-11-22 | Universite Laval | Methods for detection of target on responsive polymeric biochips |
| US8158444B2 (en) | 2006-10-06 | 2012-04-17 | Sirigen, Inc. | Fluorescent methods and materials for directed biomarker signal amplification |
| US20100126880A1 (en) * | 2006-11-10 | 2010-05-27 | Yu Hsiao-Hua | Dna complexing agents |
| EP2236512A1 (en) | 2007-04-18 | 2010-10-06 | Biochromix AB | Binding of pathological forms of proteins using conjugated polyelectrolytes |
| WO2009009889A1 (en) * | 2007-07-13 | 2009-01-22 | National Research Council Of Canada | Ultrasensitive detection of target using target-ready particles |
| US20090215050A1 (en) * | 2008-02-22 | 2009-08-27 | Robert Delmar Jenison | Systems and methods for point-of-care amplification and detection of polynucleotides |
| WO2009117798A2 (en) | 2008-03-24 | 2009-10-01 | Universidade Federal De Pernambuco - Ufpe | Fluorescent nanoparticle composites themselves, process for the preparation of such composites, and use in rapid diagnosis systems with affinity to biological molecules |
| DE102008019928A1 (de) * | 2008-04-21 | 2009-12-31 | Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics Gmbh | Polyelektrolyt-Monoschichten mit kovalenten Bindungsstellen für optische Signalwandler |
| SG177355A1 (en) | 2009-06-26 | 2012-02-28 | Sirigen Inc | Signal amplified biological detection with conjugated polymers |
| CN103328532B (zh) | 2010-01-19 | 2016-05-25 | 赛里根Ii有限公司 | 用于定向生物标志信号放大的试剂 |
| WO2016113622A1 (en) | 2015-01-12 | 2016-07-21 | Nanomark Pesquisa E Desenvolvimento Tecnológico Ltda | Magnetic nanocomposite retrieval of nucleotide sequence |
| JP6982319B2 (ja) * | 2015-10-01 | 2021-12-17 | リヒター ライフ サイエンス ディヴェロップメント アクチエボラグRichter Life Science Development AB | 微生物ペプチドの検出 |
| CN119874561A (zh) | 2019-03-11 | 2025-04-25 | 诺西恩医疗公司 | 带电的离子通道阻滞剂及其使用方法 |
| WO2020218976A1 (en) * | 2019-04-25 | 2020-10-29 | Nanyang Technological University | Membrane protease-based methods for detection of bacteria |
| WO2021091586A1 (en) | 2019-11-06 | 2021-05-14 | Nocion Therapeutics, Inc. | Charged ion channel blockers and methods for use |
| CN116531848B (zh) * | 2023-06-26 | 2023-09-12 | 江苏奥凯环境技术有限公司 | 一种用于烟气净化的有色芳纶过滤材料及其生产工艺 |
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| DE1278348B (de) | 1965-10-09 | 1968-09-19 | Jakob Orttenburger Fa | Einrichtung zum Transport von mit stehenden Gasflaschen gefuellten Behaeltern auf Fahrzeugen |
| DE1935558A1 (de) * | 1969-07-12 | 1971-01-28 | Hoechst Ag | Tiophenaether und Verfahren zu deren Darstellung |
| WO1998003499A1 (en) * | 1996-07-22 | 1998-01-29 | Universite De Montreal | Novel self-acid-doped highly conducting polythiophenes |
| WO1999026729A1 (en) | 1997-11-21 | 1999-06-03 | Universite De Montreal | Assembly of polythiophene derivative on a self-assembled monolayer (sam) |
| EP1373246B1 (en) * | 2001-04-05 | 2012-09-12 | Geneohm Sciences Canada, Inc. | Detection of negatively charged polymers using water-soluble, cationic, polythiophene derivatives |
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| CA2442860C (en) | 2011-02-01 |
| WO2002081735A3 (en) | 2003-04-17 |
| CA2442860A1 (en) | 2002-10-17 |
| AU2002252868C1 (en) | 2008-04-17 |
| US7897348B2 (en) | 2011-03-01 |
| EP1373246A2 (en) | 2004-01-02 |
| US20060160124A1 (en) | 2006-07-20 |
| US20090081684A1 (en) | 2009-03-26 |
| EP2404915A1 (en) | 2012-01-11 |
| US20040171001A1 (en) | 2004-09-02 |
| US20100294723A1 (en) | 2010-11-25 |
| JP2004534013A (ja) | 2004-11-11 |
| US7083928B2 (en) | 2006-08-01 |
| US7446213B2 (en) | 2008-11-04 |
| AU2002252868B2 (en) | 2007-08-23 |
| EP1373246B1 (en) | 2012-09-12 |
| US7601503B2 (en) | 2009-10-13 |
| WO2002081735A2 (en) | 2002-10-17 |
| US20100035272A1 (en) | 2010-02-11 |
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