JP4508655B2 - 光導体光学装置 - Google Patents
光導体光学装置 Download PDFInfo
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Description
図2に示されるように、閉じ込められた光線は2つの異なる方向28,30から反射面に到達する。この例においては、閉じ込められた光線は基板表面26から奇数回反射した後これらのうちの1つの方向28から反射面に到達する。ここで閉じ込められた光線と部分的に反射させる表面22の法線との間の入射角度βrefは、
閉じ込められた光線は基板表面26から偶数回反射した後第二の方向30から反射面に到達する。ここで軸外角度、すなわち、トラップされた光線30及び基板の平面に対する法線31の間の角度、はα′in=180°−αinであると共に、閉じ込められた光線と部分的に反射させる表面22の法線との間の入射角度は、
望まれない反射や、ゴースト画像の発生を抑制するために、これらの方向のうちの1つについては反射率が極わずかであることが求められる。これら2つの入射方向間の所望の区別は一方の角度を他方の角度よりも著しく小さくすることによって実現されうる。これに応じて従来においてS偏光の反射特性を活用する2つの対策が提案されているが、これらの方法は両方とも各種問題を有する。これらの方法のうちの1つ目の主な欠点としては、所望のFOVを得るためには相当の数の反射面が必要となるという点である。2つ目の方法の主な欠点としては、内部角度αinを有する光線の反射率が不適切にあるという点である。そこで以下においてP偏光の反射特性を活用し、場合によってはS偏光の反射特性をも活用し、より傾斜の浅い反射面を適用して装置内に要される反射面の数を削減する別の解決法を説明する。
ここでβ′refは反射されないが、βrefは反射されるような反射面が検出され、これが適用されると、所望の要件が満たされうる。図3A及び図3Bは選択的反射面における所望の反射を示す。この図において軸外角度βref〜25°を有する光線32(図3A)は部分的に反射され、基板34外に結合される。一方軸外角度β′ref〜75°で反射面に到達する(これはβ′ref〜105°に等しい)光線36(図3B)は、顕著な反射はなく反射面34を介して伝送される。
S1=T・tan(α) (9)
と表され、ここでTは基板の厚さを表すと共に、αは、二つの可能性のある解の一つαsur1又はα’sur1である。
なお、反射面のアレイ22a〜22dは目に接近した場所に配置されうるため、反射面間の距離lは前述の実施例よりも小さくなることが予想される。例えばl=40mmであるとし、パラメータがT=4mm;N=4;αin=65°;Reye=25mm;v=1.5であるとすると、FOVは以下のようになる。
1)入力表示源は基板と接近した位置に配置されうるため、光学システムの全体構成が非常にコンパクトで軽量に設計されることが可能で、圧倒的に有利なフォームファクタを実現可能である。
2)他のコンパクト・ディスプレイ構成とは異なり、本発明はアイピースに対する入力表示源の配置を自由にする。この自由度及び表示源を拡大基板の近辺に配置できるという特徴により、他のディスプレイ・システムで適用されている軸外光学構成を適用する必要性が低減される。さらにLOEの入力アパーチャは出力アパーチャの活性領域よりも遥かに小さいため、コリメータレンズ6の開口数は一般の画像形成システムのものに比べて小さく設計できる。その結果より好都合な光学システムを実現することが可能になり、軸外光学及び高開口数のレンズに起因する視野や色収差などの各種問題を比較的簡単且つ効率的に補償可能である。
3)本発明における選択的反射面の反射係数は対応するスペクトル全体において本質的に均一である。したがって表示源として単色及び多色光源のいずれを適用することも可能である。またLOEの波長依存性は無視できる程度のものであるため、高画質且つ高解像殿のカラー表示を実現することが可能である。
4)入力表示からの各点は平面波に変換され、反射アレイにおける比較的大きな部分から反射されてビューアの目に映されるため、目における正確な位置に対する公差が著しく緩和されうる。よってビューアは視野(FOV)全体を見ることができ、EMB(eye−motion−box)は他の一般のコンパクト・ディスプレイに比べて大きく設定することが可能である。
5)表示源からの光エネルギーの大部分が基板内に結合され、この結合された光エネルギーの大部分が再生利用されてビューアの目に結合されるため、電力消費量の低い表示源であっても、比較的高い輝度の表示を実現することが可能である。
情報技術の発展に伴い3Dディスプレイの需要が高まっている。現に多くの3D表示関連機器が既に市場に出回っている。しかし現在の市場で入手可能なシステムでは、ユーザは左目及び右目のそれぞれのために画像を分離するための特殊装置を着用する必要がある。このよう視覚補助システムは多くの専門分野においては確立している技術である。しかしこのような技術を更に幅広い分野に普及させるためには視覚上快適さが向上され、二眼性視覚により近似するように適応された自由視覚システムを実現する必要がある。この問題に対する現在の取り組みの多くはまだ様々な欠点を有し、特に画質や視覚上快適さなどの観点においては一般の2D表示に比べて著しく劣っている。
Claims (43)
- 平行な二つの主要な表面を有すると共に、エッジを有すると共に、前記主要な表面に対する法線方向に延びる軸を定義する、光を透過させる基体、
前記主要な表面から前記基体の中へと複数の光線を結合させるための光学的な手段、及び、前記複数の光線が、内部全反射によって前記基体内にトラップされること、並びに、
前記基体内に位置させられた少なくとも一つの部分的に反射させる表面、
前記表面が、前記基体の前記主要な表面に対して非平行なものであること、及び、内部全反射によってトラップされた前記光の少なくとも一部分が、前記部分的に反射させる表面によって前記基体の外へ反射させられること
:を含む、光学的なデバイスにおいて、
前記基体の内側において同じ軸外の角度を有する内部全反射によってトラップされた且つ前記基体へと結合させられた複数の光線は、前記基体の表面からの異なる回数の反射の後に二つの異なる入射の角度で前記部分的に反射させられた表面と交差すると共に、
それによって、前記二つの入射の角度の一方からの前記部分的に反射させられた表面からの反射率は、前記二つの入射の角度の他方からの反射率と比べてより小さいものである
ことを特徴とする、光学的なデバイス。 - 請求項1に記載の光学的なデバイスにおいて、
前記基体へと結合させられた複数の光線は、二つの異なる入射の角度で少なくとも二回前記部分的に反射させる表面に交差する、光学的なデバイス。 - 請求項1に記載の光学的なデバイスにおいて、
前記基体にトラップされた複数の光線は、二つの異なる領域で前記部分的に反射させる表面に当たると共に、
前記部分的に反射させる表面は、前記領域の一方についての小さい反射率及び前記領域の他方についてのより大きい反射率を有する、光学的なデバイス。 - 請求項3に記載の光学的なデバイスにおいて、
前記部分的に反射させる表面は、より低い入射の角度でより高い反射率及びより高い入射の角度でより低い反射率を有する、光学的なデバイス。 - 請求項1に記載の光学的なデバイスにおいて、
前記部分的に反射させる表面は、前記入射の角度の一つについての小さい反射率及び前記入射の角度の第二のものについてのより大きい反射率を有する、光学的なデバイス。 - 請求項1に記載の光学的なデバイスにおいて、
より小さい反射率を有する前記一方の入射の角度は、前記他方の入射の角度と比べてより大きいものである、光学的なデバイス。 - 請求項1に記載の光学的なデバイスにおいて、
前記少なくとも一つの部分的に反射させる表面は、二つの又はより多くの部分的に反射させる表面のアレイであると共に、
前記部分的に反射させる表面は、相互に対して平行なものであると共に前記基体の前記主要な表面のエッジのいずれに対しても非平行なものであることを特徴とする、光学的なデバイス。 - 請求項1に記載の光学的なデバイスにおいて、
前記光学的な手段は、前記基体に位置させられた波を反射させる表面である、光学的なデバイス。 - 請求項1に記載の光学的なデバイスにおいて、
入力の光の波及び出力の光の波は、前記基体の同じ主要な表面に位置させられる、光学的なデバイス。 - 請求項1に記載の光学的なデバイスにおいて、
入力の光の波は、前記基体の一方の主要な表面に位置させられると共に前記出力の光の波は、前記基体の別の主要な表面に位置させられる、光学的なデバイス。 - 請求項1に記載の光学的なデバイスにおいて、
前記入力の光の波は、それのエッジの一つを通じて前記基体へと結合させられる、光学的なデバイス。 - 請求項7に記載の光学的なデバイスにおいて、
前記部分的に反射させる表面の各々の反射率は、異なるものである、光学的なデバイス。 - 請求項7に記載の光学的なデバイスにおいて、
前記部分的に反射させる表面の間における距離は、視野にわたる輝度を制御するように選択される、光学的なデバイス。 - 請求項1に記載の光学的なデバイスにおいて、
前記部分的に反射させる表面は、P偏光を部分的に反射するためのコーティングを含む、光学的なデバイス。 - 請求項1に記載の光学的なデバイスにおいて、
前記部分的に反射させる表面は、S偏光を部分的に反射するためのコーティングを含む、光学的なデバイス。 - 請求項1に記載の光学的なデバイスにおいて、
前記部分的に反射させる表面は、無偏光を部分的に反射するためのコーティングを含む、光学的なデバイス。 - 請求項1に記載の光学的なデバイスであって、
相互に対して平行なものであると共に前記少なくとも一つの部分的に反射させる表面に対して平行ではないものである少なくとも一つの部分的に反射させる表面に関して相隔てられた関係で、前記基体に位置させられた一つの又はより多くの反射させる又は部分的に反射させる表面の第二のセットをさらに含む、光学的なデバイス。 - 請求項17に記載の光学的なデバイスにおいて、
前記反射させる又は部分的に反射させる表面の第二のセットは、内部全反射によって前記基体に結合させられた光の伝搬の方向を変化させる、光学的なデバイス。 - 請求項17に記載の光学的なデバイスにおいて、
前記第二の複数の部分的に反射させる表面の反射率は、均一な輝度プロフィールを有する視野を生じさせる、光学的なデバイス。 - 請求項17に記載の光学的なデバイスにおいて、
前記第二の複数の部分的に反射させる表面の反射率は、視野にわたる輝度を制御するように選択される、光学的なデバイス。 - 請求項1に記載の光学的なデバイスであって、
前記基体によって担持された反射させる表面の少なくとも一つの対をさらに含むと共に、
前記反射させる表面の対は、相互に対して平行なものであると共に前記基体のエッジの一部分である、光学的なデバイス。 - 請求項21に記載の光学的なデバイスにおいて、
前記反射させる表面の少なくとも一つの対は、内部全反射によって前記基体に結合させられた光の伝播の方向を変化させると共にその次にそれの元来の方向に対して逆戻りにそれを反射させる、光学的なデバイス。 - 請求項1に記載の光学的なデバイスであって、
一緒に組み合わせられた少なくとも二つの異なる光を透過させる基体を含む、光学的なデバイス。 - 請求項23に記載の光学的なデバイスにおいて、
前記少なくとも二つの基体に位置させられるものである前記部分的に反射させる表面の反射率は、視野にわたって輝度を制御するように選択される、光学的なデバイス。 - 請求項1に記載の光学的なデバイスであって、
表示光源をさらに含む、光学的なデバイス。 - 請求項1に記載の光学的なデバイスにおいて、
前記表示光源は、液晶ディスプレイ(LCD)である、光学的なデバイス。 - 請求項26に記載の光学的なデバイスにおいて、
拡散体は、前記光源及び前記LCDの液晶の間に位置させられると共に角度的な選択的な拡散体である、光学的なデバイス。 - 請求項26に記載の光学的なデバイスにおいて、
前記拡散体の角度的な配置は、視野にわたる輝度を制御するように選択される、光学的なデバイス。 - 請求項25に記載の光学的なデバイスにおいて、
前記表示光源は、発散の角度を有する、有機発光ダイオードディスプレイ(OLED)である、光学的なデバイス。 - 請求項29に記載の光学的なデバイスにおいて、
前記ダイオードの発散の角度は、視野にわたって輝度を制御するように選択される、光学的なデバイス。 - 請求項25に記載の光学的なデバイスであって、
前記表示光源と整列させられたマイクロレンズのアレイをさらに含む、光学的なデバイス。 - 請求項31に記載の光学的なデバイスにおいて、
前記マイクロレンズの焦点距離及び場所は、視野にわたって輝度を制御するように選択される、光学的なデバイス。 - 請求項1に記載の光学的なデバイスにおいて、
前記基体は、部分的に透明なものである、光学的なデバイス。 - 請求項1に記載の光学的なデバイスであって、
外部のシーンからの前記基体を横切る光の入りを遮断するように、前記基体の上に又はそれの中に位置させられた不透明な表面をさらに含む、光学的なデバイス。 - 請求項1に記載の光学的なデバイスであって、
外部のシーンからの前記デバイスを通過する光の輝度を制御するために、前記基体を横切る光の入りを減衰させるように、前記基体を参照して位置させられた可変な透過率の表面をさらに含む、光学的なデバイス。 - 請求項35に記載の光学的なデバイスにおいて、
前記可変な透過率の表面の透過率は、前記基体を横切るように方向付けられた光の輝度に従って自動的に制御される、光学的なデバイス。 - 請求項1に記載の光学的なデバイスであって、
像を生じさせるための複数の表示光源をさらに含む、光学的なデバイス。 - 請求項37に記載の光学的なデバイスにおいて、
前記複数の表示光源からの像は、相互に異なる、光学的なデバイス。 - 請求項1に記載の光学的なデバイスにおいて、
前記デバイスは、前記外部のシーンからの光を前記基体へと結合させる、光学的なデバイス。 - 請求項25に記載の光学的なデバイスであって、
前記表示光源は、前記複数の光線を生じさせるためのスターライト増幅器である、光学的なデバイス。 - 請求項40に記載の光学的なデバイスにおいて、
前記スターライト増幅器は、観察者の頭の後方に位置させられた前記スターライト増幅器の対物系及び観察者の頭の前方における接眼系と共に、観察者の頭の側に配置されるように構成される、光学的なデバイス。 - 請求項1に記載の光学的なデバイスにおいて、
前記少なくとも一つの部分的に反射させる表面は、トラップされた光の波を物体上に反射させる、光学的なデバイス。 - 請求項42に記載の光学的なデバイスにおいて、
前記物体は、液晶ディスプレイである、光学的なデバイス。
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| WO2019150461A1 (ja) | 2018-01-31 | 2019-08-08 | 株式会社島津製作所 | 画像表示装置 |
| WO2019239466A1 (ja) | 2018-06-11 | 2019-12-19 | 株式会社島津製作所 | 画像表示装置 |
| WO2019239465A1 (ja) | 2018-06-11 | 2019-12-19 | 株式会社島津製作所 | 画像表示装置 |
| US11275240B2 (en) | 2018-06-11 | 2022-03-15 | Shimadzu Corporation | Image display device |
| WO2020012568A1 (ja) | 2018-07-10 | 2020-01-16 | 株式会社島津製作所 | 画像表示装置 |
| US11698532B2 (en) | 2018-07-10 | 2023-07-11 | Shimadzu Corporation | Image display device |
| WO2020066248A1 (ja) | 2018-09-27 | 2020-04-02 | ブルーオプテック株式会社 | 光学装置およびウエアラブル画像表示装置 |
| US11940624B2 (en) | 2018-09-27 | 2024-03-26 | Blue Optech Co., Ltd. | Optical device and wearable image display device |
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