JP4323031B2

JP4323031B2 - Stereo microscope

Info

Publication number: JP4323031B2
Application number: JP33733699A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 泰志浪井
Original assignee: Olympus Corp
Current assignee: Olympus Corp
Priority date: 1999-11-29
Filing date: 1999-11-29
Publication date: 2009-09-02
Anticipated expiration: 2019-11-29
Also published as: JP2001154106A

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、複数人が同時に観察でき、かつ、観察者の観察方向を変更することができる実体顕微鏡に関するものである。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
従来のこの種の観察方向を変更することができる実体顕微鏡としては、例えば、図４(a)、(b)に示すような特開平７−２１８８４１号公報に記載のものがある。
図４において、１０１は対物レンズ、１０３は４つの変倍レンズ１０３ａ，１０３ｂ，１０３ｃ，１０３ｄが並列的に配置された変倍レンズ群で構成された変倍光学系、１０６，１０７は夫々、左右の眼用の結像レンズ１０６ａ，１０６ｂと接眼レンズ１０６ｃ，１０６ｄ、結像レンズ１０７ａ，１０７ｂと接眼レンズ１０７ｃ，１０７ｄとを含んで構成された観察光学系である。観察光学系１０６は主観察者用の光学系であり、観察光学系１０７は副観察者用の光学系である。１０４は変倍光学系１０３からの光束を主観察者用の光束と副観察者用の光束とに分割するビームスプリッタ、１０５ａ，１０５ｂは変倍光学系１０３からの光束を副観察者用の観察光学系１０７に偏向させる全反射プリズムである。全反射プリズム１０５ａ，１０５ｂは、対物レンズ１０１の光軸１０２を中心として観察光学系１０７と一体的に回転できるように取り付けられている。図４(a)，(b)の実体顕微鏡は、この全反射プリズム１０５ａ，１０５ｂと副観察者用の観察光学系１０７との一体的な回転により、主観察者に対して副観察者が対向した（主観察者に対して１８０°を向いた）状態（図４(a)）と、側方（主観察者に対して９０°を向いた）状態（図４(b)）との、２つの観察方向に位置する状態を示している。
【０００３】
このように構成された本従来例の実体顕微鏡を用いて主観察者が観察する場合は、図４(a)，(b)において、被観察物体からの光は、対物レンズ１０１、変倍レンズ１０３ａ，１０３ｂを通り、ビームスプリッタ１０４で反射し、結像レンズ１０６ａ，１０６ｂを介して観察像として再生される。主観察者は、この観察像を接眼レンズ１０６ｃ，１０６ｄで拡大して、立体観察することができる。
また、副観察者が図４(a)の状態で観察する場合は、被観察物体からの光は、対物レンズ１０１、変倍レンズ１０３ｃ，１０３ｄを通り、全反射プリズム１０５ａ，１０５ｂで反射し、結像レンズ１０７ａ，１０７ｂを介して観察像として再生される。副観察者は、この観察像を接眼レンズ１０７ｃ，１０７ｄで拡大して、立体観察することができる。
さらに、副観察者が図４(b)の状態で観察する場合は、対物レンズ１０１、変倍光学系１０３ａ，１０３ｄを通った被観察物体からの光が（このうち、変倍光学系１０３ａを通った光はビームスプリッタ１０４を透過した後）、全反射プリズム１０５ａ，１０５ｂで反射し、図４(a)の状態と同様に観察光学系１０７によって、観察像として再生される。副観察者は、その再生された観察像を上記と同様に立体観察することができる。
本従来例の実体顕微鏡は、このように、副観察者が主観察者に対して、対向、側方のいずれの観察方向に位置する状態においても、主副の観察者が立体観察をすることができるようになっている。
【０００４】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
ところが、このような従来例の実体顕微鏡では、副観察者が主観察者に対して側方の観察方向に位置した状態で観察する場合、副観察者の肩が主観察者の肩と接触してしまうおそれがあるので、これを避けるため、予め副観察者の被観察物体からの観察位置が、主観察者の観察位置に比べて遠くに位置するようにプリズム等の光学部材を配置しておく必要がある。このように光学部材を遠くに配置すると、副観察者が主観察者に対して対向する観察方向に位置した状態で観察する場合、副観察者の観察位置が被観察物体の観察部位に対して必要以上に離れてしまい、そのことが副観察者にとって観察及び手術などの作業の際に非常に負担になってしまう。
【０００５】
また、副観察者の肩が主観察者の肩と接触してしまうのを避けるための別な方法として、プリズム１０５ａ，１０５ｂを所定の観察方向より多少回転させることによって避ける方法もあるが、それでは、当初の観察方向が変わってしまう。特に、手術用顕微鏡として用いられる実体顕微鏡では、観察方向が変わると、手術の手技を変更せざるを得ない場合や、手術が出来ない場合が発生してしまう。
【０００６】
そこで、本発明は、上記課題に着目してなされたもので、複数人が同時に観察でき、様々な観察スタイルをとりながら、最適な観察位置を選択して観察することができる実体顕微鏡を提供することを目的とする。
【０００７】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記課題を達成するため、本発明による実体顕微鏡は、対物レンズと、一対の結像レンズと接眼レンズとを含み前記対物レンズの後方に配置された複数の鏡筒光学系とを備えていて、複数の観察者が同時に観察でき、かつ、前記観察者のうちの少なくとも一人の観察方向を変更することができる実体顕微鏡において、前記対物レンズと前記少なくとも一人の観察者が観察を行うための前記鏡筒光学系との間に、配置された回転機構付き光学部材を少なくとも２つ備えていて、一方の前記回転機構付き光学部材の回転に連動して他方の前記回転機構付き光学部材が逆回転することにより、観察者同士の相対的な観察位置を、所定の観察方向を保ったままの状態で、変更することができるようにしたことを特徴とする。
【０００８】
なお、ここでの、「観察者同士の相対的な観察位置」とは、例えば、主観察者の観察位置（観察する際の観察者の目の位置）と副観察者の観察位置との距離、又は、副観察者の観察位置から実体顕微鏡の対物レンズの光軸までの距離、を意味する。
【０００９】
このように構成すれば、観察者は、観察方向を変えずに他の観察者の邪魔にならない最適な観察位置を自由に決めることができる。また、観察位置を変更することができれば、観察位置から被観察物体までの距離を調整することができることになるので、観察者は被観察物体に対して近づいたり、遠ざかったりすることができ、夫々所定の観察方向において観察者にとっての最適な観察位置で観察することができる。
【００１０】
また、上記課題を達成するため、本発明による実体顕微鏡は、対物レンズと、一対の結像レンズと接眼レンズとを含み前記対物レンズの後方に配置された複数の鏡筒光学系とを備えていて、複数の観察者が同時に観察でき、かつ、前記観察者のうちの少なくとも一人の観察方向を変更することができる実体顕微鏡において、前記対物レンズと前記少なくとも一人の観察者が観察を行うための前記鏡筒光学系との間に、対物レンズ側より順に、第１、第２、第３の回転機構付き光学部材を備えていて、第１の回転機構付き光学部材の回転に連動して第２の回転機構付き光学部材が第１の回転機構付き光学部材とは逆方向に回転し、第２の回転機構付き光学部材の回転に連動して第３の回転機構付き光学部材が第２の回転機構付き光学部材とは逆方向に回転すると共に、前記第１、第２、第３の回転機構付き光学部材の回転角の回転比が１：２：１となることにより、観察者同士の相対的な観察位置を、所定の観察方向を保ったままの状態で、変更することができるようにしたことを特徴とする。
【００１１】
このように構成すれば、観察者の観察方向を変更することなく、かつ、被観察物体に対する観察者の目の高さも変更しないで、観察位置から被観察物体までの距離を調整することが可能となる。
【００１２】
また、本発明による実体顕微鏡は、好ましくは、被観察物体からの光束を前記夫々の回転機構付き光学部材に入射させるための偏向部材を、対応する夫々の回転機構付き光学部材に対して、前記偏向部材により偏向した光束の光軸が前記回転機構付き光学部材の回転軸に一致するように備えたことを特徴とする。
【００１３】
回転機構付き光学部材の回転軸と回転機構付き光学部材への入射光軸とが一致していない場合、回転機構付き光学部材を回転させると、回転機構付き光学部材の入射面の向きが変化するので、回転機構付き光学部材へ入射させるための光学部材（例えば、偏向部材など）の向きを調整する必要がある。
その点、上記本発明のように回転機構付き光学部材の回転軸と回転機構付き光学部材への入射光軸とが一致するように構成すれば、回転機構付き光学部材を回転させても、回転機構付き光学部材へ入射させるための光学部材の向きを調整する必要がないため、複雑な機構にすることなく簡単な機構でもって、観察方向を変更することなく観察者同士の相対的な観察位置を調整することができる。
【００１８】
また、本発明による実体顕微鏡は、好ましくは、前記第ｎの回転機構付き光学部材を通る光束が前記第ｎ＋１の回転機構付き光学部材に入射するまでの光路上に少なくとも１つの偏向部材を有し、前記偏向部材によって、前記第ｎの回転機構付き光学部材を通る光束が、同一平面上で、かつ、偶数回の偏向回数でもって、第ｎの回転機構付き光学部材への入射方向と同一方向を向いて前記第ｎ＋１の回転機構付き光学部材に入射するようにしたことを特徴とする。但し、ｎは整数である。
【００１９】
このように構成すれば、回転機構付き光学部材を回転させても、被観察物体からの観察像を回転させてしまうことなく一定に保つことが可能となる。
【００２０】
また、本発明による実体顕微鏡は、好ましくは、前記第ｎの回転機構付き光学部材を通る光束が前記第ｎ＋１の回転機構付き光学部材に入射するまでの光路上に少なくとも１つの偏向部材を有し、前記偏向部材によって、前記第ｎの回転機構付き光学部材を通る光束が、同一平面上で、かつ、奇数回の偏向回数でもって、第ｎの回転機構付き光学部材への入射方向とは逆方向を向いて前記第ｎ＋１の回転機構付き光学部材に入射するようにしたことを特徴とする。但し、ｎは整数である。
【００２１】
このように構成すれば、回転機構付き光学部材を回転させても、被観察物体からの観察像を回転させてしまうことなく一定に保つことが、少ないスペースで実現可能になる。
【００２２】
また、本発明による実体顕微鏡は、好ましくは、前記回転機構の回転軸は、前記対物レンズの光軸に対してほぼ垂直な方向にあることを特徴とする。
【００２３】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下に、本発明の実施の形態について図面を用いて説明する。
実施例１
図１は本発明による実体顕微鏡の第１実施形態を示す概略構成図である。
図１において、１は被観察物体からの光をアフォーカル光束として出射する対物レンズ、２は対物レンズと同軸に配置されたアフォーカル変倍光学系である。３は変倍光学系から出射した光束を夫々透過光束と反射光束とに分割するビームスプリッタである。８，９は左右一対の結像レンズと接眼レンズとを含んで構成された夫々主観察者用、副観察者用の鏡筒光学系である。４，５，７は全反射プリズム、６は全反射プリズム５を介して偏向した光束を同一平面上で３回反射させて、全反射プリズム５で偏向した光束とは逆方向に出射させるプリズムである。
【００２４】
プリズム４は、対物レンズ２の光軸VLを中心として全反射プリズム５，プリズム６，全反射プリズム７、副観察者用の鏡筒光学系９と一体的に回転可能に備えられている。
プリズム６は、図示省略した第１及び第２の回転機構を介して、プリズム５から出射する光束の光軸を中心として相対的に回転可能になっていると共に、プリズム７に入射する光束の光軸に対しても相対的に回転可能になっている。また、プリズム５とプリズム６との相対的な回転に連動して、プリズム６とプリズム７は、プリズム５とプリズム６との相対的な回転角度と等角度でもって、プリズム５とプリズム６との相対的な回転方向とは逆方向に相対的に回転をするようになっている。
【００２５】
このように構成された本実施形態の実体顕微鏡によれば、被観察物体からの光は、対物レンズ１、変倍光学系２を通り、ビームスプリッタ３で反射光束と透過光束に分割される。主観察者は、このうちの反射光束を鏡筒光学系８を介して観察する。
副観察者は、ビームスプリッタ３を透過した光束を、プリズム４，５，６，７、鏡筒光学系９を介して観察する。
【００２６】
このとき、本実施形態の実体顕微鏡によれば、副観察者は、プリズム４の回転により、例えば、主観察者に対して対向（主観察者に対して１８０°反対側を向いた）方向や、側方（主観察者に対して９０°又は２７０°を向いた）方向に観察方向を変更することができる。
【００２７】
観察方向を所望の方向にした後に、プリズム５とプリズム６とを相対的に回転させると共に、プリズム６とプリズム７とを相対的に回転させると、観察方向を一定に保ったままの状態で、主観察者に対する副観察者の観察位置を変更することができ、また、被観察物体に対しても副観察者の観察位置を変更することができる。すなわち、副観察者は、側方の観察方向に位置する場合は、観察方向（側方状態）を変えず主観察者の邪魔にならない程度に離れた位置に観察位置を変更することが可能になり、また、プリズム４の回転により主観察者に対し対向する方向に観察方向を変更した場合は、その観察方向のままの状態で観察位置を被観察物体に近づけることができる。
【００２８】
また、プリズム５とプリズム６との相対的な回転に連動して、プリズム６とプリズム７とは、プリズム５とプリズム６との相対的な回転角度と等角度でもってプリズム５とプリズム６との相対的な回転方向とは逆方向に回転をし、かつ、プリズム６のように全反射プリズム５で偏向した光軸を同一平面上で３回反射させ、プリズム５で偏向した光束とは逆方向に出射させるようにしたので、プリズム５とプリズム６、プリズム６とプリズム７とが、それぞれ相対的に回転しても、観察像は回転せず余計なイメージローテーターなどを設ける必要がなく、副観察者の観察位置を移動させることができる。
【００２９】
実施例２
図２は、本発明による実態顕微鏡の第２実施例を示す概略構成図である。
図２において、１１は被観察物体からの光をアフォーカル光束として出射する対物レンズである。１２ａ，１２ｂ，１２ｃ，１２ｄは４つのアフォーカル変倍光学系であり、夫々の光軸が対物レンズ１１の光軸VLに対して、並列的、かつ、等距離に配置されている。１３ａ，１３ｂ，１３ｃ，１３ｄは変倍光学系１２ａ，１２ｂ，１２ｃ，１２ｄから出射した光束を夫々透過光束と反射光束とに分割するビームスプリッタである。１４，１５，１６，１７，１８，２０は全反射プリズム、１９は２回反射のペンタプリズムである。２１，２２は左右一対の結像レンズと接眼レンズとを含んで構成された夫々主観察者用、副観察者用の鏡筒光学系である。
【００３０】
本実施形態の実体顕微鏡では、プリズム１６は、図示省略した第１の回転機構を介して、プリズム１５で偏向した光束の光軸を中心として回転可能に備えられている。プリズム１４は、対物レンズの光軸VLを中心としてプリズム１５，１６，１７，１８，２０、ペンタプリズム１９、副観察者用の鏡筒光学系２２と一体的に回転可能に備えられている。プリズム１８は、図示省略した第２の回転機構を介して、プリズム１７で偏向した光束の光軸を中心として回転可能に備えられていて、プリズム１６の回転方向に対して逆方向に回転するようになっている。プリズム２０は、図示省略した第３の回転機構を介して、プリズム１９で偏向した光束の光軸を中心として回転可能に備えられていて、プリズム１８の回転方向に対して逆方向に回転するようになっている。そして、プリズム１６、プリズム１８及びプリズム２０の回転比は、順に１：−２：１（−は回転方向が逆方向であることを示す）となっている。
【００３１】
また、本実施形態の実体顕微鏡では、プリズム１５で偏向した光束は、プリズム１６，１７を介して、同一平面上で、かつ、２回の偏向回数でもって、さらにプリズム１５から出射してプリズム１６に入射する光束と同一方向を向いて、プリズム１８に入射するようになっている。また、プリズム１７で偏向した光束は、プリズム１８，１９を介して、同一平面上で、かつ、３回の偏向回数でもって、さらにプリズム１７から出射してプリズム１８に入射する光束とは逆方向を向いて、プリズム２０に入射するようになっている。
【００３２】
このように構成された本実施形態の実体顕微鏡によれば、図２において、被観察物体からの光は、対物レンズ１１、変倍光学系１２ａ．１２ｂ，１２ｃ，１２ｄを通る。主観察者は、このうち変倍光学系１２ａ，１２ｂを通り、ビームスプリッタ１３ａ，１３ｂで反射した光束を鏡筒光学系２１を介して観察する。副観察者は、所望の観察方向に応じて、ビームスプリッタ１３ａ，１３ｂ，１３ｃ，１３ｄを透過したいずれかの隣り合う２つの光束を、プリズム１４，１５，１６，１７，１８，１９，２０、鏡筒光学系２２を介して観察する。
【００３３】
従って、本実施例の実体顕微鏡によれば、実施例１の実体顕微鏡と同様の効果が得られる。また、３つの回転機構付き光学部材を回転（プリズム１５とプリズム１６とを相対的に回転、プリズム１７とプリズム１８とを相対的に回転、及び、プリズム１９とプリズム２０とを相対的に回転）させることにより、実施例１の実体顕微鏡のように観察者の被観察物体からの目の高さを変更しないで、観察位置から被観察物体までの距離を調整することができる。
【００３４】
実施例３
図３は本発明による実体顕微鏡の第３実施例を示す要部概略構成図である。
本実施例の実体顕微鏡は、副観察者用の観察光路上に３つの回転機構付き光学部材を備えている点では、実施例２の実体顕微鏡とほぼ同様の構成をしているが、観察位置から被観察物体までの距離を調整するための回転軸ｘ，ｙ，ｚが、図２の第２実施例とは異なり対物レンズの光軸に対して平行になるように各光学要素が配置されている。
【００３５】
即ち、図３において、４，５，７，１７，１８は全反射プリズム、６は全反射プリズム５を介して偏向した光束を同一平面上で３回反射させて、全反射プリズム５で偏向した光束とは逆方向に出射させるプリズムである。２２は左右一対の結像レンズと接眼レンズとを含んで構成された副観察者用の鏡筒光学系である。
【００３６】
プリズム４は、対物レンズ２の光軸VLを中心として全反射プリズム５，プリズム６、全反射プリズム７，１７，１８、副観察者用の鏡筒光学系２２と一体的に回転可能に備えられている。
プリズム６は、図示省略した第１及び第２の回転機構を介して、プリズム５から出射する光束の光軸に対して相対的に回転可能となっていると共に、プリズム７に入射する光束の光軸に対しても相対的に回転可能となっている。また、プリズム５とプリズム６との相対的な回転に伴い、プリズム６とプリズム７は、プリズム５とプリズム６との相対的な回転方向とは逆方向に相対的に回転をするようになっている。
【００３７】
また、プリズム６で偏向した光束は、プリズム７，１７を介して、同一平面上で、かつ、２回の偏向回数でもって、さらにプリズム６から出射してプリズム１７に入射する光束と同一方向を向いて、プリズム１８に入射するようになっている。
プリズム１８は、図示省略した第３の回転機構を介して、プリズム１７で偏向した光束の光軸を中心として回転可能に備えられていて、プリズム７の回転方向に対して逆方向に回転するようになっている。そして、プリズム５、プリズム７及びプリズム１７の回転比は、順に１：−２：１（−は回転方向が逆方向であることを示す。）となっている。その他の構成は図２の第２実施例とほぼ同様である。
【００３８】
本実施例においても実施例２と同様の効果が得られる。
しかし、本実施例のように構成した場合、副観察者が観察位置を被観察物体に近づけるようにプリズム等の各光学要素を回転させると、プリズム等の光学要素が横方向に広がってしまい、副観察者が側方で観察するときにその横方向に広がった光学要素が主観察者の邪魔になりかねない。よって、図３の回転軸ｘ，ｙ，ｚが実施例２の実体顕微鏡のように対物レンズの光軸VLに対して垂直方向になるように、プリズム等の各光学要素を配置するのが望ましい。
【００４５】
【発明の効果】
以上のように、本発明によれば、主観察者に対する副観察者の観察スタイルに合わせて副観察者の観察方向を変更することができ、かつ、観察位置を変更することができるため、観察者によって観察する際の負担を軽減できる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明による実体顕微鏡の第１実施例を示す概略構成図である。
【図２】本発明による実体顕微鏡の第２実施例を示す概略構成図である。
【図３】本発明による実体顕微鏡の第３実施例を示す要部の概略構成図である。
【図４】従来例の実体顕微鏡の概略構成図である。
【符号の簡単な説明】
１，１１対物レンズ
２，１２ａ，１２ｂ，１２ｃ，１２ｄアフォーカル変倍光学系
３ａ，３ｂ，１３ａ，１３ｂ，１３ｃ，１３ｄビームスプリッタ
８，９主観察者用、副観察者用の鏡筒光学系
４ａ，４ｂ，５，７，１４，１５，１６，１７，１８，２０全反射プリズム
６３回反射プリズム
１９ペンタプリズム[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a stereomicroscope that can be observed by a plurality of persons at the same time and can change the observation direction of the observer.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As a conventional stereoscopic microscope capable of changing this kind of observation direction, there is one described in JP-A-7-218841 as shown in FIGS. 4 (a) and 4 (b), for example.
In FIG. 4, 101 is an objective lens, 103 is a variable power optical system composed of a variable power lens group in which four variable power lenses 103a, 103b, 103c, and 103d are arranged in parallel, and 106 and 107 are left and right, respectively. This is an observation optical system including imaging lenses 106a and 106b and eyepieces 106c and 106d for the eyes, imaging lenses 107a and 107b, and eyepieces 107c and 107d. The observation optical system 106 is an optical system for a primary observer, and the observation optical system 107 is an optical system for a secondary observer. A beam splitter 104 divides the light beam from the variable power optical system 103 into a light beam for the main observer and a light beam for the sub observer. 105a and 105b observe the light beam from the variable power optical system 103 for the sub observer. This is a total reflection prism that deflects the optical system 107. The total reflection prisms 105 a and 105 b are attached so as to be able to rotate integrally with the observation optical system 107 around the optical axis 102 of the objective lens 101. 4A and 4B, the sub-observer faces the main observer by the integral rotation of the total reflection prisms 105a and 105b and the observation optical system 107 for the sub-observer. In a state (turned 180 ° with respect to the main observer) (FIG. 4 (a)) and a side state (turned 90 ° with respect to the main observer) (FIG. 4 (b)). The state located in two observation directions is shown.
[0003]
When the main observer observes using the stereomicroscope of this conventional example configured as described above, in FIGS. 4 (a) and 4 (b), the light from the object to be observed is the objective lens 101, the variable power lens. The light passes through 103a and 103b, is reflected by the beam splitter 104, and is reproduced as an observation image through the imaging lenses 106a and 106b. The main observer can perform stereoscopic observation by enlarging this observation image with the eyepieces 106c and 106d.
When the sub-observer observes in the state of FIG. 4A, the light from the object to be observed passes through the objective lens 101 and the variable power lenses 103c and 103d and is reflected by the total reflection prisms 105a and 105b. It is reproduced as an observation image through the imaging lenses 107a and 107b. The sub-observer can perform stereoscopic observation by enlarging the observation image with the eyepiece lenses 107c and 107d.
Furthermore, when the sub-observer observes in the state of FIG. 4B, light from the object to be observed that has passed through the objective lens 101 and the variable magnification optical systems 103a and 103d (of which the variable magnification optical system 103a is The transmitted light is transmitted through the beam splitter 104), reflected by the total reflection prisms 105a and 105b, and reproduced as an observation image by the observation optical system 107 in the same manner as in the state of FIG. The sub-observer can stereoscopically observe the reproduced observation image in the same manner as described above.
Thus, the stereomicroscope of this conventional example allows the main and secondary observers to make a stereoscopic observation in a state where the secondary observer is positioned in the opposite or lateral observation direction with respect to the main observer. Can be done.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in such a conventional stereomicroscope, when the sub-observer is observed in a lateral observation direction with respect to the main observer, the shoulder of the sub-observer is in contact with the shoulder of the main observer. In order to avoid this, an optical member such as a prism is arranged in advance so that the observation position of the sub-observer from the object to be observed is farther than the observation position of the main observer. It is necessary to keep. When the optical member is arranged at a distance in this way, when the sub-observer observes in the observation direction facing the main observer, the observation position of the sub-observer is relative to the observation part of the object to be observed. This is more than necessary, and this is very burdensome for the sub-observer during operations such as observation and surgery.
[0005]
Further, as another method for avoiding the shoulder of the sub-observer from coming into contact with the shoulder of the main observer, there is a method of avoiding by slightly rotating the prisms 105a and 105b from a predetermined observation direction. The initial observation direction will change. In particular, in a stereomicroscope used as a surgical microscope, if the observation direction changes, there are cases where the surgical procedure must be changed or the operation cannot be performed.
[0006]
Therefore, the present invention has been made paying attention to the above problems, and provides a stereomicroscope that can be observed by a plurality of persons at the same time and can select and observe an optimal observation position while taking various observation styles. For the purpose.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, a stereomicroscope according to the present invention includes an objective lens, and a plurality of lens barrel optical systems including a pair of imaging lenses and an eyepiece lens and disposed behind the objective lens, In a stereoscopic microscope capable of simultaneously observing a plurality of observers and changing the observation direction of at least one of the observers, the objective lens and the at least one observer perform the observation. At least two optical members with a rotating mechanism are provided between the optical system with the lens barrel and the other optical member with the rotating mechanism is reversely rotated in conjunction with the rotation of one of the optical members with the rotating mechanism. By doing so, the relative observation positions of the observers can be changed while maintaining a predetermined observation direction.
[0008]
Here, “relative observation position between observers” means, for example, the distance between the observation position of the main observer (the position of the eyes of the observer when observing) and the observation position of the sub-observer Or the distance from the observation position of the sub-observer to the optical axis of the objective lens of the stereomicroscope.
[0009]
With this configuration, the observer can freely determine an optimal observation position that does not interfere with other observers without changing the observation direction. Also, if the observation position can be changed, the distance from the observation position to the object to be observed can be adjusted, so that the observer can approach or move away from the object to be observed, respectively. It is possible to observe at an optimum observation position for the observer in a predetermined observation direction.
[0010]
In order to achieve the above object, a stereomicroscope according to the present invention includes an objective lens, and a plurality of lens barrel optical systems including a pair of imaging lenses and an eyepiece lens and disposed behind the objective lens. A stereomicroscope capable of simultaneously observing a plurality of observers and changing the observation direction of at least one of the observers, for the observation of the objective lens and the at least one observer. In order from the objective lens side to the lens barrel optical system, first, second, and third optical members with a rotation mechanism are provided, and the first optical member with the rotation mechanism is interlocked with the rotation of the first optical member. The optical member with the second rotation mechanism rotates in the opposite direction to the optical member with the first rotation mechanism, and the optical member with the third rotation mechanism rotates in the second direction in conjunction with the rotation of the optical member with the second rotation mechanism. Opposite to optical member with rotating mechanism And the rotation ratio of the rotation angle of the first, second, and third optical members with the rotation mechanism is 1: 2: 1, so that the relative observation positions of the observers are predetermined. It is characterized in that it can be changed while maintaining the observation direction .
[0011]
Lever to this arrangement, without changing the direction of the observer observer, and, without changing the height of the viewer's eye with respect to the observation object, is possible to adjust the distance to the observed object from the viewing position It becomes possible.
[0012]
Further, the stereomicroscope according to the present invention preferably has a deflecting member for causing a light beam from the object to be observed to enter each optical member with a rotation mechanism, with respect to each corresponding optical member with a rotation mechanism. The optical axis of the light beam deflected by the deflection member is provided so as to coincide with the rotation axis of the optical member with the rotation mechanism.
[0013]
When the rotation axis of the optical member with the rotation mechanism and the incident optical axis to the optical member with the rotation mechanism do not match, when the optical member with the rotation mechanism is rotated, the direction of the incident surface of the optical member with the rotation mechanism changes. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust the direction of an optical member (for example, a deflection member) for entering the optical member with the rotation mechanism.
In that respect, if it is configured so that the rotation axis of the optical member with the rotation mechanism and the incident optical axis to the optical member with the rotation mechanism coincide with each other as in the present invention, the rotation is possible even if the optical member with the rotation mechanism is rotated. Since there is no need to adjust the orientation of the optical member to enter the optical member with a mechanism, the relative observation positions of the observers can be changed with a simple mechanism without changing the observation direction. Can be adjusted.
[0018]
Further, the stereomicroscope according to the invention preferably has at least one deflection member on the optical path to the light beam passing through the rotation mechanism with the optical member of the first n is incident on the rotating mechanism with the optical member of the first n + 1 The light beam passing through the optical member with the n-th rotation mechanism by the deflection member is in the same direction as the incident direction to the optical member with the n-th rotation mechanism on the same plane and with an even number of times of deflection. The light beam is incident on the optical member with the ( n + 1 ) th rotation mechanism. However, n is an integer.
[0019]
If comprised in this way, even if an optical member with a rotation mechanism is rotated, it becomes possible to keep constant, without rotating the observation image from a to-be-observed object.
[0020]
Further, the stereomicroscope according to the invention preferably has at least one deflection member on the optical path to the light beam passing through the rotation mechanism with the optical member of the first n is incident on the rotating mechanism with the optical member of the first n + 1 The light beam passing through the optical member with the n-th rotation mechanism by the deflection member is opposite to the incident direction to the optical member with the n-th rotation mechanism on the same plane and with an odd number of times of deflection. The light is incident on the optical member with the ( n + 1 ) th rotation mechanism in a direction. However, n is an integer.
[0021]
If comprised in this way, even if it rotates an optical member with a rotation mechanism, it becomes realizable in a small space to keep constant, without rotating the observation image from a to-be-observed object.
[0022]
The stereomicroscope according to the present invention is preferably characterized in that the rotation axis of the rotation mechanism is in a direction substantially perpendicular to the optical axis of the objective lens.
[0023]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
Example 1
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a first embodiment of a stereomicroscope according to the present invention.
In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes an objective lens that emits light from an object to be observed as an afocal light beam, and 2 denotes an afocal variable magnification optical system arranged coaxially with the objective lens. A beam splitter 3 divides the light beam emitted from the variable magnification optical system into a transmitted light beam and a reflected light beam, respectively. Reference numerals 8 and 9 denote lens barrel optical systems for the main observer and the sub-observer, respectively, which include a pair of left and right imaging lenses and an eyepiece. Reference numerals 4, 5, and 7 denote total reflection prisms, and 6 denotes a prism that reflects the light beam deflected through the total reflection prism 5 three times on the same plane and emits it in the opposite direction to the light beam deflected by the total reflection prism 5. is there.
[0024]
The prism 4 is provided so as to be rotatable integrally with the total reflection prism 5, the prism 6, the total reflection prism 7, and the lens barrel optical system 9 for the sub-observer around the optical axis VL of the objective lens 2.
The prism 6 is rotatable relative to the optical axis of the light beam emitted from the prism 5 via the first and second rotating mechanisms (not shown), and the light beam incident on the prism 7. It can also rotate relative to the shaft. Further, in conjunction with the relative rotation between the prism 5 and the prism 6, the prism 6 and the prism 7 have the same angle as the relative rotation angle between the prism 5 and the prism 6. It rotates relative to the direction opposite to the relative rotation direction.
[0025]
According to the stereomicroscope of the present embodiment configured as described above, the light from the object to be observed passes through the objective lens 1 and the variable magnification optical system 2 and is divided into a reflected light beam and a transmitted light beam by the beam splitter 3. The main observer observes the reflected light beam through the lens barrel optical system 8.
The sub-observer observes the light beam transmitted through the beam splitter 3 through the prisms 4, 5, 6, 7 and the lens barrel optical system 9.
[0026]
At this time, according to the stereomicroscope of the present embodiment, the sub-observer can, for example, face the main observer (or face the opposite side by 180 °) or the like by rotating the prism 4. , The viewing direction can be changed to the side (90 ° or 270 ° facing the main observer) direction.
[0027]
After the observation direction is set to a desired direction, the prism 5 and the prism 6 are relatively rotated, and when the prism 6 and the prism 7 are relatively rotated, the observation direction is kept constant. The observation position of the sub-observer with respect to the main observer can be changed, and the observation position of the sub-observer can also be changed with respect to the object to be observed. That is, when the sub-observer is positioned in the lateral observation direction, it is possible to change the observation position to a position away from the main observer without changing the observation direction (side state). In addition, when the observation direction is changed to the direction facing the main observer by the rotation of the prism 4, the observation position can be brought close to the object to be observed while maintaining the observation direction.
[0028]
Further, in conjunction with the relative rotation between the prism 5 and the prism 6, the prism 6 and the prism 7 are arranged at an angle equal to the relative rotation angle between the prism 5 and the prism 6. It rotates in the direction opposite to the relative rotation direction, and the optical axis deflected by the total reflection prism 5 like the prism 6 is reflected three times on the same plane, and is opposite to the light beam deflected by the prism 5. Therefore, even if the prism 5 and the prism 6 and the prism 6 and the prism 7 are relatively rotated, the observation image does not rotate and there is no need to provide an extra image rotator. The observation position of the person can be moved.
[0029]
Example 2
FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a second embodiment of the actual microscope according to the present invention.
In FIG. 2, reference numeral 11 denotes an objective lens that emits light from an object to be observed as an afocal beam. Reference numerals 12a, 12b, 12c, and 12d denote four afocal variable magnification optical systems, and their optical axes are arranged in parallel and at equal distances with respect to the optical axis VL of the objective lens 11. Reference numerals 13a, 13b, 13c, and 13d denote beam splitters that divide a light beam emitted from the variable magnification optical systems 12a, 12b, 12c, and 12d into a transmitted light beam and a reflected light beam, respectively. Reference numerals 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, and 20 are total reflection prisms, and 19 is a two-time reflection pentaprism. Reference numerals 21 and 22 denote lens barrel optical systems for the main observer and the sub-observer, respectively, which include a pair of left and right imaging lenses and an eyepiece.
[0030]
In the stereomicroscope of the present embodiment, the prism 16 is provided so as to be rotatable about the optical axis of the light beam deflected by the prism 15 via a first rotation mechanism (not shown). The prism 14 is provided so as to be rotatable integrally with the prisms 15, 16, 17, 18, 20, the pentaprism 19, and the lens barrel optical system 22 for the sub-observer around the optical axis VL of the objective lens. The prism 18 is provided so as to be rotatable about the optical axis of the light beam deflected by the prism 17 via a second rotation mechanism (not shown), and rotates in the direction opposite to the rotation direction of the prism 16. It has become. The prism 20 is provided so as to be rotatable around the optical axis of the light beam deflected by the prism 19 via a third rotation mechanism (not shown), and rotates in the direction opposite to the rotation direction of the prism 18. It has become. The rotation ratio of the prism 16, the prism 18, and the prism 20 is 1: -2: 1 in order (-indicates that the rotation direction is the reverse direction).
[0031]
In the stereomicroscope according to the present embodiment, the light beam deflected by the prism 15 is further emitted from the prism 15 through the prisms 16 and 17 on the same plane and with the number of times of deflection twice. The light enters the prism 18 in the same direction as the light beam incident on the prism 18. Further, the light beam deflected by the prism 17 is on the same plane via the prisms 18 and 19, and in the opposite direction to the light beam emitted from the prism 17 and incident on the prism 18 by the number of times of deflection three times. So as to be incident on the prism 20.
[0032]
According to the stereomicroscope of this embodiment configured as described above, in FIG. 2, the light from the object to be observed is transmitted through the objective lens 11, the variable magnification optical system 12 a. 12b, 12c, 12d. The main observer observes the light beam reflected by the beam splitters 13a and 13b through the zoom optical system 21 through the variable magnification optical systems 12a and 12b. The sub-observer transmits any two adjacent light beams that have passed through the beam splitters 13a, 13b, 13c, and 13d to the prisms 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, according to the desired observation direction. Observation is performed through the lens barrel optical system 22.
[0033]
Therefore, according to the stereomicroscope of the present embodiment, the same effect as the stereomicroscope of Embodiment 1 can be obtained. Also, three optical members with a rotation mechanism are rotated (the prism 15 and the prism 16 are relatively rotated, the prism 17 and the prism 18 are relatively rotated, and the prism 19 and the prism 20 are relatively rotated). By doing so, the distance from the observation position to the observed object can be adjusted without changing the height of the eyes from the observed object of the observer as in the stereoscopic microscope of the first embodiment.
[0034]
Example 3
FIG. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram of a main part showing a third embodiment of the stereomicroscope according to the present invention.
The stereomicroscope of this example has substantially the same configuration as that of the stereomicroscope of Example 2 in that it includes three optical members with a rotation mechanism on the observation optical path for the sub-observer. Unlike the second embodiment of FIG. 2, the optical elements are arranged so that the rotation axes x, y, and z for adjusting the distance from the object to the object to be observed are parallel to the optical axis of the objective lens. ing.
[0035]
That is, in FIG. 3, 4, 5, 7, 17 and 18 are total reflection prisms, 6 is a light beam deflected through the total reflection prism 5 and reflected by the total reflection prism 5 three times on the same plane. A light beam is a prism that emits light in the opposite direction. Reference numeral 22 denotes a lens barrel optical system for a sub-observer that includes a pair of left and right imaging lenses and an eyepiece.
[0036]
The prism 4 is provided so as to be rotatable integrally with a total reflection prism 5, a prism 6, total reflection prisms 7, 17, and 18, and a barrel optical system 22 for a sub-observer around the optical axis VL of the objective lens 2. ing.
The prism 6 is rotatable relative to the optical axis of the light beam emitted from the prism 5 via the first and second rotating mechanisms (not shown), and the light beam incident on the prism 7. It can also rotate relative to the shaft. As the prism 5 and the prism 6 are relatively rotated, the prism 6 and the prism 7 are rotated relatively in the direction opposite to the relative rotation direction of the prism 5 and the prism 6. Yes.
[0037]
The light beam deflected by the prism 6 has the same direction as the light beam emitted from the prism 6 and incident on the prism 17 on the same plane through the prisms 7 and 17 with the number of times of deflection twice. It faces and enters the prism 18.
The prism 18 is provided so as to be rotatable about the optical axis of the light beam deflected by the prism 17 via a third rotation mechanism (not shown), and rotates in the direction opposite to the rotation direction of the prism 7. It has become. The rotation ratio of the prism 5, the prism 7, and the prism 17 is 1: -2: 1 (-indicates that the rotation direction is the reverse direction) in order. Other configurations are almost the same as those of the second embodiment of FIG.
[0038]
In this embodiment, the same effect as that of the second embodiment can be obtained.
However, when configured as in the present embodiment, when the sub-observer rotates each optical element such as a prism so that the observation position approaches the object to be observed, the optical element such as the prism spreads in the horizontal direction, When the sub-observer observes from the side, the optical element spreading in the lateral direction may interfere with the main observer. Therefore, it is desirable to arrange each optical element such as a prism so that the rotation axes x, y, and z in FIG. 3 are perpendicular to the optical axis VL of the objective lens as in the stereomicroscope of the second embodiment. .
[0045]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, the observation direction of the sub-observer can be changed according to the observation style of the sub-observer with respect to the main observer, and the observation position can be changed. Can reduce the burden of observation by a person.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a first embodiment of a stereomicroscope according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a second embodiment of a stereomicroscope according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram of a main part showing a third embodiment of a stereomicroscope according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic configuration diagram of a conventional stereomicroscope.
[Brief description of symbols]
1,11 Objective lens 2, 12a, 12b, 12c, 12d Afocal variable magnification optical system 3a, 3b, 13a, 13b, 13c, 13d Beam splitter 8, 9 Lens barrel optical system for primary observer and secondary observer 4a, 4b, 5, 7, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 20 Total reflection prism 6 Three-time reflection prism 19 Penta prism

Claims

An objective lens, and a plurality of lens barrel optical systems including a pair of imaging lenses and an eyepiece lens and disposed behind the objective lens, wherein a plurality of observers can observe at the same time, and the observer In a stereomicroscope that can change the viewing direction of at least one of the
Between the objective lens and the lens barrel optical system for the at least one observer to observe, at least two optical members with a rotating mechanism are provided,
The relative observation position of the observers is maintained in the predetermined observation direction by the reverse rotation of the other optical member with the rotation mechanism in conjunction with the rotation of the one optical member with the rotation mechanism. A stereo microscope characterized in that it can be changed.

An objective lens, and a plurality of lens barrel optical systems including a pair of imaging lenses and an eyepiece lens and disposed behind the objective lens, wherein a plurality of observers can observe at the same time, and the observer in stereomicroscope capable of changing at least one of the viewing direction of,
Between the objective lens and the lens barrel optical system for the at least one observer to observe, first, second, and third optical members with a rotation mechanism are provided in order from the objective lens side. ,
In conjunction with the rotation of the optical member with the first rotating mechanism, the optical member with the second rotating mechanism rotates in the opposite direction to the optical member with the first rotating mechanism, and the optical member with the second rotating mechanism rotates. In conjunction with this, the optical member with the third rotation mechanism rotates in the opposite direction to the optical member with the second rotation mechanism, and the rotation ratio of the rotation angle of the first, second, and third optical members with the rotation mechanism. Is a stereomicroscope characterized in that the relative observation position between the observers can be changed while maintaining a predetermined observation direction .

A deflecting member for causing a light beam from the observed object to enter each of the optical members with a rotation mechanism is rotated with respect to the corresponding optical member with a rotation mechanism. The stereomicroscope according to claim 1 , wherein the stereomicroscope is provided so as to coincide with a rotation axis of the optical member with a mechanism.

There is at least one deflection member on an optical path until a light beam passing through the nth rotation mechanism optical member enters the n + 1th rotation mechanism optical member, and the deflection member causes the nth rotation mechanism. The optical member with the (n + 1) th rotation mechanism is such that the light beam passing through the attached optical member faces the same direction as the incident direction to the optical member with the nth rotation mechanism on the same plane and with an even number of deflections. The stereomicroscope according to claim 1 , wherein the stereomicroscope is incident on the microscope. However, n is an integer.

There is at least one deflection member on an optical path until a light beam passing through the nth rotation mechanism optical member enters the n + 1th rotation mechanism optical member, and the deflection member causes the nth rotation mechanism. The light beam passing through the attached optical member is directed in the direction opposite to the direction of incidence on the optical member with the nth rotation mechanism on the same plane and with an odd number of times of deflection, and the n + 1th rotation mechanism optical 4. The stereomicroscope according to claim 1 , wherein the stereomicroscope is incident on a member . However, n is an integer.

The stereomicroscope according to claim 1 , wherein a rotation axis of the optical member with the rotation mechanism is in a direction substantially perpendicular to an optical axis of the objective lens .