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JP4047591B2 - Light reflection film, reflection type liquid crystal display element, and sputtering target for light reflection film - Google Patents

Light reflection film, reflection type liquid crystal display element, and sputtering target for light reflection film Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4047591B2
JP4047591B2 JP2002017249A JP2002017249A JP4047591B2 JP 4047591 B2 JP4047591 B2 JP 4047591B2 JP 2002017249 A JP2002017249 A JP 2002017249A JP 2002017249 A JP2002017249 A JP 2002017249A JP 4047591 B2 JP4047591 B2 JP 4047591B2
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Prior art keywords
light reflecting
reflecting film
liquid crystal
reflectance
amount
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JP2002323611A (en
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秀夫 藤井
淳一 中井
隆 大西
勝寿 高木
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Kobe Steel Ltd
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Kobe Steel Ltd
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Priority to TW91117912A priority patent/TWI254816B/en
Priority to KR10-2002-0049150A priority patent/KR100491931B1/en
Priority to US10/223,368 priority patent/US7022384B2/en
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、例えば反射型液晶表示素子等に使用され、背面において、室内光や自然光等を反射して光源とするための光反射膜に関し、詳細には、高反射率で耐酸化性等の耐久性に優れた光反射膜、およびこの光反射膜を用いた明るくて見やすい反射型液晶表示素子、ならびに光反射膜用スパッタリングターゲットに関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
液晶表示素子には反射型と透過型があるが、透過型液晶表示素子では光源としてランプを内蔵する必要があり、このランプの消費電力が大きい等の問題から、最近では、ランプを内蔵せず、消費電力の少ない反射型液晶表示素子が注目されている。
【0003】
この反射型液晶表示素子には、TFT液晶パネルの液晶層背面に反射(金属)電極として、またはSTN液晶パネルの透明電極背面に反射板として光反射膜が必須的に設けられ、室内光や自然光等を反射して画面形成のための光源とされる。このため、光反射膜の反射率が高ければ高いほど、より明るく見やすい画面が形成される。
【0004】
従来は、この光反射膜として、反射率の高いAlの薄膜が用いられてきたが、Alは塩分や水分等で腐食し易く、反射率が徐々に低下してしまう。このことから、最近ではAg主体の薄膜が光反射膜として用いられるようになってきた。
【0005】
しかし、Ag薄膜は、液晶表示素子の製造工程で長時間空気中に曝された場合や、高温高湿下に曝された場合等に、Ag薄膜表面が酸化されたり、Agの結晶粒が成長したり、Ag原子が凝集する等の様々な要因によって、反射率が低下してしまうという問題があり、Ag本来の高い反射率が得られないことがあった。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
そこで本発明では、Ag本来の高い光反射率を維持しつつ、耐酸化性を向上させて、さらにAgの結晶粒の成長や凝集を可及的に防ぐことのできるAg基合金を見出すことにより、高性能な反射型液晶表示素子用光反射膜、この反射膜を用いた反射型液晶表示素子、および光反射膜用スパッタリングターゲットを提供することを課題として掲げた。
【0007】
【課題を解決する為の手段】
上記課題を解決し得た本発明は、反射電極または反射板として用いられる光反射膜であって、希土類元素を含むAg基合金から形成されているところに特徴を有するものである。
【0008】
希土類元素を使用することにより、Ag本来の高い反射率と同等レベルの反射率を有し、かつ、Agの結晶粒成長の抑制やAgの凝集を抑制する効果が発揮されて反射率の経時低下の少ない光反射膜を得ることができた。従って、この光反射膜は、反射型液晶表示素子の反射電極として、あるいは反射板として使用するのに好適である。また、希土類元素の少なくとも一種を合計で0.1〜3.0%含むものであると、Agの結晶粒成長の抑制やAgの凝集を抑制する効果が一層良好となるため好ましい。希土類元素としては、Ndおよび/またはYが好ましく使用できる。
【0009】
上記Ag基合金がさらにAuを0.1〜1.5%含有する場合、またはさらにCuを0.1〜2.0%含有すると、耐酸化性に優れた光反射膜を得ることができる。
【0010】
本発明には、上記構成の光反射膜を備える反射型液晶表示素子および上記構成の光反射膜を基板上に形成するために用いられる上記Ag基合金で構成されている光反射膜用スパッタリングターゲットも含まれる。
【0011】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明者等は、液晶表示素子製造工程で空気中に光反射膜が曝された場合に起きる現象を促進的に把握するため、80℃、90%相対湿度という高温高湿度下で、Ag単独の光反射膜(厚さ1500Å)を48時間放置したところ、放置試験前の初期反射率(波長650nm)から比べると、7.0%程度減少してしまうことを見出した。この反射率の経時低下の原因は、Agの凝集、結晶粒成長、酸化等の要因によるものと考えられるが、Ag本来の高反射率を維持しながら、反射率の経時低下を抑制するためには、合金成分の種類が非常に重要である。
【0012】
本発明では、希土類元素を含むAg基合金を使用することによって、Ag本来の高反射率を維持しながら、Agの凝集や結晶粒成長を抑制して、反射率の経時低下を抑制することに成功した。
【0013】
従来から、光反射膜として純AgだけではなくAg基合金を使用する検討が行われているが、本発明で規定するように、Agに希土類元素を添加し、Agの凝集や結晶粒の成長を抑制しようとする知見は従来技術には認められない。一方、本発明では、希土類元素を含むAg基合金を光反射膜として用いることで、反射率の経時低下を抑制して高い光反射率を維持するものであるため、従来技術とは明確に区別される技術思想に基づくものである。なお、後述するように、希土類元素を含むAg基合金に、さらに、耐酸化性を向上させる成分であるAuおよび/またはCuを含む三元または四元系以上の合金を用いることもできる。以下、本発明を詳細に説明する。
【0014】
本発明では、例えば、反射型液晶表示素子等に用いられる光反射膜においては、可視光の反射特性が要求される点を考慮して、反射率を波長650nmで測定して反射特性を検討した。また、以下の説明において「初期反射率」とは、光反射膜を形成した後の反射率(%)を意味し、この値の大小は、合金元素の種類と量によって左右される。また、反射率の経時低下とは、初期反射率(%)が経時的に何%低下するかという傾向を意味し、経時変化量(%)がマイナスの場合は、初期反射率が経時的に減少することを意味するものとする。
【0015】
本発明者等は、光反射膜が希土類元素の少なくとも一種を0.1〜3.0%(合金成分についての「%」はいずれも原子%の意味)含有するAg基合金から形成されると、Agの結晶粒の成長やAgの凝集が抑制され、この結果、反射率の経時低下を著しく抑制できることを見出した。特にスパッタリング法で形成される薄膜は、原子空孔等の多くの欠陥を含むため、Ag原子が移動・拡散し易く、その結果凝集するものと考えられるが、希土類元素はAgよりも大きな原子半径を有するため、Ag原子の拡散を抑制し、結晶粒の成長を抑制するものと考えられる。
【0016】
希土類元素とは、3A族に属する元素で、Sc、Yおよびランタノイド15元素、アクチノイド15元素が挙げられる。上記希土類元素は、1種類または2種類以上用いることができ、コストや工業的流通量等を考慮すると、特にNdおよび/またはYの使用が推奨される。また、Ceも使用可能である。
【0017】
希土類元素を合計で0.1%以上使用することにより、Agの結晶粒の成長やAgの凝集を抑制する効果が発現する。ただし、3.0%よりも多量に添加すると、これらの効果が飽和する一方で、初期反射率の値自体がかなり小さくなる。すなわち、純Agの初期反射率をIo(純Ag)、得られるAg基合金の光反射膜の初期反射率をIo(Ag基合金)とすると、特に希土類元素の量を2.0%以内にすれば、Io(Ag基合金)−Io(純Ag)の値、すなわち、初期反射率の変化量を−(マイナス)1.5%以内に収めることができ、純Agの有する高い反射率を維持することができる。従って、希土類元素量のより好ましい上限は2.0%である。電気抵抗率を低くするという観点からは、1.0%以下が好ましい。
【0018】
一方、Agの結晶粒成長やAgの凝集が起こり易い環境を再現して促進するために、光反射膜を80℃・90%RH(相対湿度)の高温・高湿環境で48時間放置した場合、Ndが0.3%以上存在すれば、放置前の反射率Io(%)と放置後の反射率Ia(%)との差を1.0%以下に抑えられることから、Ndのより好ましい下限は0.3%である。またYの下限は1.0%がより好ましく、反射率の経時低下を−1.3%以下に抑えることができる。
【0019】
本発明の光反射膜形成に用いられるAg基合金には、さらに、Auおよび/またはCuが含まれていてもよい。AuおよびCuは、光反射膜の酸化を抑制して、反射率の経時低下を抑制する作用を有する。またAuは、特に、電解質水溶液中での耐食性を向上させる作用も有する。
【0020】
Ag基合金中のAuの量としては、Agと希土類元素とAuとの三元系合金の場合あるいは四元系以上の合金の場合いずれにおいても、0.1〜1.5%が好ましい。0.1%より少ないと、耐酸化性向上効果が小さく、結果的に、光反射膜の反射率の経時低下を抑制する効果が不充分となることがある。しかし、Auの量を増大させると、光反射膜の初期反射率の値自体が低下していくため、Ag本来の高反射率の維持という目的を達成するためには、1.5%以下に抑えることが好ましい。
【0021】
Cuの量としては、0.1〜2.0%が好ましい。上記したAuの場合と同様に、0.1%より少ないと耐酸化性向上効果が充分でなく、2.0%を超えると光反射膜の初期反射率が小さくなるためである。
【0022】
本発明の光反射膜は、希土類元素を含有し、必要に応じてCuとAuとを含有し、残部は実質的にAgであることが、高い初期反射率を得るために好ましい実施形態であるが、本発明の作用を損なわない範囲であれば、上記成分以外の他の成分を添加しても良い。例えば、Pd、Pt等の貴金属や遷移金属(前述したものを除く)を硬度向上等の特性付与を目的として積極的に添加しても良い。また、O2,N2等のガス成分や、溶解原料であるAg基合金に含まれている不純物も、許容される。
【0023】
本発明の光反射膜は、高い反射率を長時間維持できるため、反射型液晶表示素子に用いるのが好適である。また、本発明の光反射膜は、加熱時の結晶粒成長等の構造変化に対する耐性に優れていることから、製造工程中に通常200〜300℃の加熱工程を経る液晶表示素子に特に適している。さらに、この光反射膜は導電性を有しているので、反射型液晶表示素子の反射電極として利用することができる。また、透明電極の背面に反射板として設けてもよい。反射電極として利用する場合の電極基板としては、ガラス基板、プラスチックフィルム基板等、公知のものが利用可能である。反射板の基材も同様である。さらに、反射膜と配線膜を兼ねるように用いることもできる。
【0024】
光反射膜を上記基板または基材上に形成するには、スパッタリング法が好ましい。Cuや希土類元素は、平衡状態ではAgに対する固溶限が極めて小さい(なお、Auは全率固溶する)が、スパッタリング法により形成された薄膜では、スパッタリング法固有の気相急冷によって非平衡固溶が可能になるので、その他の薄膜形成法でAg基合金薄膜を形成した場合に比べ、上記合金元素がAgマトリックス中に均一に存在し易い。その結果、耐酸化性が向上し、Agの凝集抑制効果が発揮される。
【0025】
光反射膜の膜厚は500〜3000Åが好ましい。500Åより薄い膜では、光が通過し始めるため、反射率が低くなる。3000Åを超えても反射率に関しては問題はないが、生産性、コスト面で不利となる。
【0026】
スパッタリングの際には、スパッタリングターゲットとして、これまで説明した組成のAg基合金を用いると、所望の化学組成の光反射膜を得ることができる。ターゲットとしては、溶解・鋳造法で作製したAg基合金を使用することが好ましい。溶製Ag基合金は組織的に均一であり、スパッタ率や出射角度を一定にすることができるので、成分組成が均一な光反射膜を得ることができる。上記溶製Ag基合金ターゲットの酸素含有量を100ppm以下に制御すれば、膜形成速度を一定に保持し易くなり、光反射膜中の酸素量も低くなるため、反射率や耐酸化性、耐硫化性等が向上する。
【0027】
本発明の反射型液晶表示素子は、本発明の光反射膜を備えていればよく、その他の液晶表示素子としての構成は特に限定されず、液晶表示素子分野において公知のあらゆる構成を採用することができる。
【0028】
【実施例】
以下実施例によって本発明をさらに詳述するが、下記実施例は本発明を制限するものではなく、本発明の趣旨を逸脱しない範囲で変更実施することは、全て本発明に含まれる。
【0029】
実験例1
AgとNdからなる二元系合金におけるNdの量が、反射率に及ぼす影響を検討した。表1に示す成分組成からなるターゲットを用い、DCマグネトロンスパッタリングにより、ガラス基板上に厚さ1500Åの光反射膜を形成した。各試料の初期反射率を、可視紫外分光光度計(島津製作所製)で測定した。表1にその結果を示す。表1では、Agのみの反射膜(Ndが0%添加のところ)の初期反射率をIo(純Ag)(%)、実測された各試料の初期反射率をIo(Ag基合金)(%)としたときのIo(Ag基合金)−Io(純Ag)の値を初期反射率の変化量(%)として示した。また、上記試料を用い、Agの結晶粒成長やAgの凝集が起こり易い環境での促進試験として、光反射膜が形成されたガラス基板を80℃・90%RHの高温・高湿環境下で48時間放置したときの放置後の光反射率Ia(%)を測定した。表1では、放置前の初期反射率Io(%)との差Ia−Ioを反射率の経時変化量(%)として示した。
【0030】
【表1】

Figure 0004047591
【0031】
Ndの添加量が増大するにつれて、初期反射率の変化量もマイナス量が大きくなっていき、反射率自体が低下していくことがわかる。しかし、Ndの量が0%の場合、すなわちAgのみからなる光反射膜は、高温・高湿環境に曝された結果、反射率が7.0%も低減してしまったが、Ndを0.1%添加すると、1.3%の低減に抑制された。また、0.3%以上添加すると、変化量を1.0%以内に抑えられることがわかる。Agの結晶粒成長やAgの凝集を抑制する効果が発揮されていることが確認できた。
【0032】
実験例2
AgとYの二元系合金についても、同様に実験を行い、初期反射率の変化量と反射率の経時変化量を測定し、表2に結果を示した。Ag−Nd系合金と同様の結果が得られた。ただし、Yの経時変化を抑制する効果は、Ndよりも弱いことがわかる。
【0033】
【表2】
Figure 0004047591
【0034】
実験例3
AgとCeの二元系合金についても、同様に実験を行い、初期反射率の変化量と反射率の経時変化量を測定し、表3に結果を示した。Ag−Nd系合金と同様の結果が得られた。ただし、Ceの経時変化を抑制する効果は、Ndよりも弱いことがわかる。
【0035】
【表3】
Figure 0004047591
【0036】
実験例4
Ag−Nd−Au三元系合金について、Auの添加量を種々変化させ、実験例1と同様にして光反射膜を形成した。Ndは0.7%に固定した。実験例1と同様にして、初期反射率の変化量および高温・高湿環境での経時変化量(%)を評価し、表4にその結果を示した。
【0037】
【表4】
Figure 0004047591
【0038】
実験例5
Ag−Nd−Cu三元系合金について、実験例4と同様に、Ndは0.7%に固定し、Cuの影響を検討した。実験例1と同様にして評価した初期反射率の変化率(%)と反射率の経時変化量(%)を表5に示した。
【0039】
【表5】
Figure 0004047591
【0040】
実験例6
Ag−Cu−Au−Nd四元系合金を用いて、Ndの添加量を種々変化させ、実験例1と同様にして光反射膜を形成した。CuとAuはそれぞれ1.0%に固定した。実験例1と同様にして、初期反射率の変化量(%)および反射率の経時変化量(%)を測定し、表6にその結果を示した。
【0041】
【表6】
Figure 0004047591
【0042】
Ndの添加量が増えると、初期反射率の変化量が大きくなっており、反射率が低くなっていくことがわかるが、促進試験による経時変化量は小さくなっていき、Agの結晶粒成長やAgの凝集を抑制する効果が発揮されることが確認できた。
【0043】
実験例7
Ag−Cu−Au−Y四元系合金を用いて、Yの添加量を種々変化させ、実験例1と同様にして光反射膜を形成した。CuとAuはそれぞれ1.0%に固定した。実験例1と同様にして、初期反射率の変化量(%)および反射率の経時変化量(%)を測定し、表7にその結果を示した。
【0044】
【表7】
Figure 0004047591
【0045】
Yの添加量が増えると、初期反射率の変化量が大きくなっており、反射率が小さくなっていくことがわかるが、経時変化量は小さくなっていき、Agの結晶粒成長やAgの凝集を抑制する効果が発揮されることが確認できた。
【0046】
実験例8
純Ag、Ag−0.9Cu−1.0AuおよびAg−0.3Nd−0.7Cuの各組成のターゲットを用い、それぞれガラス基板上にスパッタリング法で厚さ100nmの薄膜を形成した。各試料の成膜直後のもの、真空下・100℃で10分間熱処理を行ったもの、真空下・200℃で10分熱処理したもの、それぞれについて、結晶粒の成長状況(結晶状態)を透過型電子顕微鏡(TEM;日立製作所製;「HF−2000」)で観察した。TEM像を図1〜図3に示した。
【0047】
図1〜2から明らかなように、Ndが含まれていない純AgおよびAg−0.9Cu−1.0Au三元系合金の場合は、熱処理によって結晶粒径が増大しているが、図3のAg−0.3Nd−0.7Cu三元系合金では、ほとんど粒径の変化がなく、Ndの添加によって、Agの結晶粒の成長が抑制されていることがわかる。
【0048】
また、各試料の成膜直後のもの、真空下・100℃で10分間熱処理を行ったもの、真空下・200℃で10分熱処理したもの、それぞれについて、原子間力顕微鏡(AFM;Topometrix社製;「TMX2000」)で表面状態を観察した。AFM像を図4〜図6に示した。なお、平均表面粗さRaを図に併記した。
【0049】
図4〜5から明らかなように、Ndが含まれていない純AgおよびAg−0.9Cu−1.0Au三元系合金の場合は、熱処理によって表面粗さが大きく増大しているが、図6のAg−0.3Nd−0.7Cu三元系合金では、ほとんど表面粗さの変化がなく、Ndの添加によって、Ag原子の凝集が抑制されていることがわかる。
【0050】
【発明の効果】
本発明の光反射膜は、Agに希土類元素を添加したAg基合金によって形成されているので、Agの結晶粒成長やAgの凝集を抑制することができるため、Ag本来の高い反射率を維持したまま、反射率の経時低下をかなり小さくすることができた。また、Cuおよび/またはAuを併用すれば、耐酸化性が向上し、反射率の経時低下を一層抑えることができる。従って、本発明の光反射膜を反射型液晶表示素子に適用することにより、明るく見やすい画像形成が可能である。また、本発明のスパッタリングターゲットは、上記性能を有する光反射膜を形成するために好適に使用することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 純Ag薄膜の結晶状態を表すTEM像である。
【図2】 Ag−0.9Cu−1.0Au三元系合金薄膜の結晶状態を表すTEM像である。
【図3】 Ag−0.3Nd−0.7Cu三元系合金薄膜の結晶状態を表すTEM像である。
【図4】 純Ag薄膜の表面状態を表すAFM像である。
【図5】 Ag−0.9Cu−1.0Au三元系合金薄膜の表面状態を表すAFM像である。
【図6】 Ag−0.3Nd−0.7Cu三元系合金薄膜の表面状態を表すAFM像である。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a light reflecting film that is used for, for example, a reflective liquid crystal display element and reflects a room light, natural light, or the like on a back surface to form a light source, and more specifically, high reflectivity, oxidation resistance, etc. The present invention relates to a light reflecting film excellent in durability, a bright and easy-to-see reflective liquid crystal display element using the light reflecting film, and a sputtering target for the light reflecting film.
[0002]
[Prior art]
There are reflective and transmissive liquid crystal display elements, but it is necessary to incorporate a lamp as a light source in the transmissive liquid crystal display element. Due to problems such as high power consumption of this lamp, recently there is no built-in lamp. Attention has been focused on reflective liquid crystal display elements with low power consumption.
[0003]
In this reflection type liquid crystal display element, a light reflection film is indispensably provided as a reflection (metal) electrode on the back surface of the liquid crystal layer of the TFT liquid crystal panel or as a reflection plate on the back surface of the transparent electrode of the STN liquid crystal panel. Etc. is reflected as a light source for screen formation. For this reason, the higher the reflectivity of the light reflecting film, the brighter and easier-to-see screen is formed.
[0004]
Conventionally, an Al thin film having a high reflectance has been used as the light reflecting film. However, Al is easily corroded by salt or moisture, and the reflectance gradually decreases. Therefore, recently, a thin film mainly composed of Ag has been used as a light reflecting film.
[0005]
However, when the Ag thin film is exposed to the air for a long time in the manufacturing process of the liquid crystal display element or exposed to high temperature and high humidity, the Ag thin film surface is oxidized or Ag crystal grains grow. In addition, there is a problem that the reflectivity is lowered due to various factors such as aggregation of Ag atoms, and the inherent high reflectivity of Ag may not be obtained.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Therefore, in the present invention, by finding an Ag-based alloy capable of improving the oxidation resistance while maintaining the high light reflectivity inherent in Ag and further preventing the growth and aggregation of Ag crystal grains as much as possible. An object of the present invention is to provide a high-performance reflective film for reflective liquid crystal display elements, a reflective liquid crystal display element using the reflective film, and a sputtering target for reflective films.
[0007]
[Means for solving the problems]
The present invention that has solved the above problems is a light reflecting film used as a reflecting electrode or a reflecting plate, and is characterized in that it is formed from an Ag-based alloy containing a rare earth element.
[0008]
By using a rare earth element, the reflectivity has the same level as the original high reflectivity of Ag, and the effect of suppressing Ag crystal grain growth and Ag aggregation is exhibited, resulting in a decrease in reflectivity over time. A light-reflecting film with a small amount could be obtained. Therefore, this light reflection film is suitable for use as a reflection electrode of a reflection type liquid crystal display element or as a reflection plate. Further, it is preferable that the total content of at least one kind of rare earth elements is 0.1 to 3.0% because the effects of suppressing the growth of Ag crystal grains and the aggregation of Ag are further improved. As the rare earth element, Nd and / or Y can be preferably used.
[0009]
When the Ag-based alloy further contains 0.1 to 1.5% of Au, or further contains 0.1 to 2.0% of Cu, a light reflecting film excellent in oxidation resistance can be obtained.
[0010]
The present invention includes a reflective liquid crystal display element having the light reflecting film having the above-described structure and a sputtering target for the light reflecting film that is formed of the Ag-based alloy used for forming the light reflecting film having the above-described structure on a substrate. Is also included.
[0011]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In order to grasp the phenomenon that occurs when the light reflecting film is exposed to the air in the liquid crystal display element manufacturing process, the present inventors have made Ag alone at a high temperature and high humidity of 80 ° C. and 90% relative humidity. When the light reflecting film (thickness 1500 mm) was allowed to stand for 48 hours, it was found that it decreased by about 7.0% from the initial reflectance (wavelength 650 nm) before the standing test. The cause of this decrease in reflectance over time is thought to be due to factors such as Ag aggregation, crystal grain growth, oxidation, etc. In order to suppress the decrease in reflectance over time while maintaining the high reflectivity inherent in Ag. The type of alloy component is very important.
[0012]
In the present invention, by using an Ag-based alloy containing a rare earth element, Ag aggregation and crystal grain growth are suppressed while maintaining the high reflectance inherent in Ag, thereby suppressing a decrease in reflectance over time. Successful.
[0013]
Conventionally, studies have been made to use not only pure Ag but also an Ag-based alloy as a light reflecting film. As defined in the present invention, rare earth elements are added to Ag, Ag aggregation and crystal grain growth. The knowledge of trying to suppress this is not recognized in the prior art. On the other hand, in the present invention, an Ag-based alloy containing a rare earth element is used as a light reflecting film, so that a decrease in reflectance over time is suppressed and a high light reflectance is maintained. It is based on the technical idea to be made. As will be described later, a ternary or quaternary alloy containing Au and / or Cu, which are components for improving oxidation resistance, can also be used for an Ag-based alloy containing a rare earth element. Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
[0014]
In the present invention, for example, in a light reflection film used for a reflection type liquid crystal display element or the like, the reflection characteristic was examined by measuring the reflectance at a wavelength of 650 nm in consideration of the requirement for the reflection characteristic of visible light. . In the following description, “initial reflectance” means the reflectance (%) after the light reflecting film is formed, and the magnitude of this value depends on the type and amount of the alloy element. The decrease in reflectance over time means the tendency of how much the initial reflectance (%) decreases over time. When the amount of change over time (%) is negative, the initial reflectance decreases over time. It means to decrease.
[0015]
The present inventors have found that the light reflecting film is formed of an Ag-based alloy containing at least one rare earth element in an amount of 0.1 to 3.0% (“%” for the alloy component means atomic%). It has been found that growth of Ag crystal grains and Ag aggregation are suppressed, and as a result, a decrease in reflectance over time can be remarkably suppressed. In particular, a thin film formed by a sputtering method contains many defects such as atomic vacancies, so Ag atoms are likely to move and diffuse, and as a result, aggregate. However, rare earth elements have a larger atomic radius than Ag. Therefore, it is considered that the diffusion of Ag atoms is suppressed and the growth of crystal grains is suppressed.
[0016]
The rare earth element is an element belonging to Group 3A, and includes Sc, Y, 15 lanthanoid elements, and 15 actinoid elements. The rare earth elements can be used singly or in combination of two or more, and Nd and / or Y are particularly recommended in consideration of cost, industrial distribution amount, and the like. Ce can also be used.
[0017]
By using a total of 0.1% or more of rare earth elements, the effect of suppressing the growth of Ag crystal grains and Ag aggregation is exhibited. However, if added in a larger amount than 3.0%, these effects are saturated, but the initial reflectance value itself becomes considerably small. That is, assuming that the initial reflectivity of pure Ag is Io (pure Ag) and the initial reflectivity of the resulting light-reflecting film of the Ag-based alloy is Io (Ag-based alloy), the amount of rare earth elements is particularly within 2.0%. Then, the value of Io (Ag-based alloy) -Io (pure Ag), that is, the amount of change in the initial reflectivity can be kept within − (minus) 1.5%, and the high reflectivity of pure Ag can be achieved. Can be maintained. Therefore, a more preferable upper limit of the rare earth element amount is 2.0%. From the viewpoint of reducing the electrical resistivity, 1.0% or less is preferable.
[0018]
On the other hand, in order to reproduce and promote an environment where Ag crystal grain growth or Ag aggregation is likely to occur, the light reflecting film is left in a high temperature / high humidity environment of 80 ° C. and 90% RH (relative humidity) for 48 hours. If Nd is 0.3% or more, the difference between the reflectance Io (%) before being left and the reflectance Ia (%) after being left can be suppressed to 1.0% or less, which is more preferable than Nd. The lower limit is 0.3%. Further, the lower limit of Y is more preferably 1.0%, and the decrease in reflectance over time can be suppressed to −1.3% or less.
[0019]
The Ag-based alloy used for forming the light reflecting film of the present invention may further contain Au and / or Cu. Au and Cu have an action of suppressing oxidation of the light reflecting film and suppressing a decrease in reflectance over time. In addition, Au also has an effect of improving the corrosion resistance in the aqueous electrolyte solution.
[0020]
The amount of Au in the Ag-based alloy is preferably 0.1 to 1.5% in either a ternary alloy of Ag, a rare earth element, and Au, or a quaternary or higher alloy. If it is less than 0.1%, the effect of improving the oxidation resistance is small, and as a result, the effect of suppressing the temporal decrease in the reflectance of the light reflecting film may be insufficient. However, when the amount of Au is increased, the initial reflectivity value of the light reflecting film itself is decreased. Therefore, in order to achieve the objective of maintaining the high reflectivity inherent in Ag, the value is 1.5% or less. It is preferable to suppress.
[0021]
The amount of Cu is preferably 0.1 to 2.0%. As in the case of Au described above, if the amount is less than 0.1%, the effect of improving the oxidation resistance is not sufficient, and if it exceeds 2.0%, the initial reflectance of the light reflecting film becomes small.
[0022]
In order to obtain a high initial reflectance, the light reflecting film of the present invention preferably contains rare earth elements, optionally contains Cu and Au, and the balance is substantially Ag. However, other components than the above components may be added as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired. For example, noble metals such as Pd and Pt and transition metals (excluding those described above) may be positively added for the purpose of imparting characteristics such as hardness improvement. Further, gas components such as O 2 and N 2 and impurities contained in the Ag-based alloy which is a melting raw material are allowed.
[0023]
Since the light reflecting film of the present invention can maintain a high reflectance for a long time, it is preferably used for a reflective liquid crystal display element. In addition, the light reflecting film of the present invention is particularly suitable for a liquid crystal display element that normally undergoes a heating process at 200 to 300 ° C. during the manufacturing process because it is excellent in resistance to structural changes such as crystal grain growth during heating. Yes. Furthermore, since this light reflection film has conductivity, it can be used as a reflection electrode of a reflective liquid crystal display element. Moreover, you may provide as a reflecting plate in the back surface of a transparent electrode. As an electrode substrate when used as a reflective electrode, a known substrate such as a glass substrate or a plastic film substrate can be used. The same applies to the base material of the reflector. Furthermore, it can also be used so as to serve as both a reflective film and a wiring film.
[0024]
In order to form the light reflecting film on the substrate or the substrate, sputtering is preferred. Cu and rare earth elements have a very small solid solubility limit with respect to Ag in an equilibrium state (Au is completely dissolved), but in a thin film formed by sputtering, non-equilibrium solids are formed by vapor-phase quenching inherent to sputtering. Since melting is possible, the alloy elements are likely to be present uniformly in the Ag matrix as compared with the case where an Ag-based alloy thin film is formed by other thin film forming methods. As a result, the oxidation resistance is improved and the Ag aggregation suppressing effect is exhibited.
[0025]
The thickness of the light reflecting film is preferably 500 to 3000 mm. In a film thinner than 500 mm, light begins to pass, so the reflectance is low. Even if it exceeds 3000 mm, there is no problem with respect to the reflectance, but it is disadvantageous in terms of productivity and cost.
[0026]
At the time of sputtering, when an Ag-based alloy having the composition described so far is used as a sputtering target, a light reflecting film having a desired chemical composition can be obtained. As the target, it is preferable to use an Ag-based alloy produced by a melting / casting method. Since the melted Ag-based alloy is structurally uniform and the sputtering rate and the emission angle can be made constant, a light reflecting film having a uniform component composition can be obtained. Controlling the oxygen content of the molten Ag-based alloy target to 100 ppm or less facilitates keeping the film formation rate constant, and also reduces the amount of oxygen in the light reflecting film. Improves sulfidity and the like.
[0027]
The reflective liquid crystal display element of the present invention only needs to have the light reflecting film of the present invention, and the configuration as the other liquid crystal display element is not particularly limited, and any configuration known in the field of liquid crystal display elements is adopted. Can do.
[0028]
【Example】
The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following examples. However, the following examples are not intended to limit the present invention, and all modifications are included in the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
[0029]
Experimental example 1
The influence of the amount of Nd in the binary alloy composed of Ag and Nd on the reflectance was examined. A light reflection film having a thickness of 1500 mm was formed on a glass substrate by DC magnetron sputtering using a target having the component composition shown in Table 1. The initial reflectance of each sample was measured with a visible ultraviolet spectrophotometer (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation). Table 1 shows the results. In Table 1, the initial reflectance of an Ag-only reflective film (where Nd is 0% added) is Io (pure Ag) (%), and the measured initial reflectance of each sample is Io (Ag-based alloy) (% ), The value of Io (Ag-based alloy) -Io (pure Ag) is shown as the change amount (%) of the initial reflectance. In addition, as an accelerated test in an environment where Ag crystal grain growth or Ag aggregation is likely to occur using the above sample, a glass substrate on which a light reflecting film is formed is subjected to a high temperature and high humidity environment of 80 ° C. and 90% RH. The light reflectivity Ia (%) after standing for 48 hours was measured. In Table 1, the difference Ia-Io from the initial reflectance Io (%) before being left is shown as the amount of change (%) in reflectance over time.
[0030]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004047591
[0031]
It can be seen that as the amount of Nd added increases, the amount of change in the initial reflectance also increases in a minus amount, and the reflectance itself decreases. However, when the amount of Nd is 0%, that is, the light reflecting film made only of Ag has been reduced to 7.0% as a result of being exposed to a high temperature and high humidity environment, Nd is reduced to 0%. When 1% was added, the reduction was suppressed to 1.3%. It can also be seen that when 0.3% or more is added, the amount of change can be suppressed to within 1.0%. It was confirmed that the effect of suppressing the growth of Ag crystal grains and Ag aggregation was exhibited.
[0032]
Experimental example 2
For the binary alloy of Ag and Y, an experiment was performed in the same manner, and the amount of change in initial reflectance and the amount of change in reflectance over time were measured. Table 2 shows the results. The same result as that of the Ag—Nd alloy was obtained. However, it can be seen that the effect of suppressing the change with time of Y is weaker than Nd.
[0033]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004047591
[0034]
Experimental example 3
For the binary alloy of Ag and Ce, an experiment was conducted in the same manner, and the amount of change in initial reflectance and the amount of change in reflectance over time were measured. Table 3 shows the results. The same result as that of the Ag—Nd alloy was obtained. However, it can be seen that the effect of suppressing the temporal change of Ce is weaker than that of Nd.
[0035]
[Table 3]
Figure 0004047591
[0036]
Experimental Example 4
With respect to the Ag—Nd—Au ternary alloy, the amount of Au added was variously changed, and a light reflecting film was formed in the same manner as in Experimental Example 1. Nd was fixed at 0.7%. In the same manner as in Experimental Example 1, the amount of change in the initial reflectance and the amount of change over time (%) in a high temperature / high humidity environment were evaluated. Table 4 shows the results.
[0037]
[Table 4]
Figure 0004047591
[0038]
Experimental Example 5
For the Ag—Nd—Cu ternary alloy, Nd was fixed to 0.7% as in Experimental Example 4, and the influence of Cu was examined. Table 5 shows the change rate (%) of the initial reflectance and the temporal change amount (%) of the reflectance evaluated in the same manner as in Experimental Example 1.
[0039]
[Table 5]
Figure 0004047591
[0040]
Experimental Example 6
Using a Ag—Cu—Au—Nd quaternary alloy, the amount of Nd added was variously changed, and a light reflecting film was formed in the same manner as in Experimental Example 1. Cu and Au were each fixed to 1.0%. The amount of change in initial reflectance (%) and the amount of change in reflectance over time (%) were measured in the same manner as in Experimental Example 1, and the results are shown in Table 6.
[0041]
[Table 6]
Figure 0004047591
[0042]
It can be seen that as the amount of Nd added increases, the amount of change in the initial reflectivity increases and the reflectivity decreases. However, the amount of change with time in the accelerated test decreases, and Ag crystal grain growth and It was confirmed that the effect of suppressing Ag aggregation was exhibited.
[0043]
Experimental Example 7
Using a Ag—Cu—Au—Y quaternary alloy, the amount of Y added was varied, and a light reflecting film was formed in the same manner as in Experimental Example 1. Cu and Au were each fixed to 1.0%. The amount of change in initial reflectance (%) and the amount of change in reflectance over time (%) were measured in the same manner as in Experimental Example 1. Table 7 shows the results.
[0044]
[Table 7]
Figure 0004047591
[0045]
It can be seen that as the amount of Y increases, the amount of change in the initial reflectivity increases and the reflectivity decreases. However, the amount of change over time decreases, and Ag crystal grain growth and Ag aggregation occur. It was confirmed that the effect of suppressing the effect was exhibited.
[0046]
Experimental Example 8
Using a target having each composition of pure Ag, Ag-0.9Cu-1.0Au, and Ag-0.3Nd-0.7Cu, a thin film having a thickness of 100 nm was formed on a glass substrate by a sputtering method. For each of the samples immediately after film formation, those subjected to heat treatment under vacuum at 100 ° C. for 10 minutes, and those subjected to heat treatment under vacuum at 200 ° C. for 10 minutes, the growth state (crystal state) of the crystal grains is transmitted. Observation was performed with an electron microscope (TEM; manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd .; “HF-2000”). TEM images are shown in FIGS.
[0047]
As is clear from FIGS. 1 and 2, in the case of pure Ag containing no Nd and Ag-0.9Cu-1.0Au ternary alloy, the crystal grain size is increased by the heat treatment. In the Ag-0.3Nd-0.7Cu ternary alloy, there is almost no change in grain size, and it can be seen that the growth of Ag crystal grains is suppressed by the addition of Nd.
[0048]
The atomic force microscope (AFM; manufactured by Topometrix) was used for each sample immediately after film formation, after heat treatment under vacuum at 100 ° C. for 10 minutes, and after heat treatment under vacuum at 200 ° C. for 10 minutes. ; "TMX2000") and the surface state was observed. AFM images are shown in FIGS. The average surface roughness Ra is also shown in the figure.
[0049]
As is apparent from FIGS. 4 to 5, in the case of pure Ag and Ag-0.9Cu-1.0Au ternary alloy containing no Nd, the surface roughness is greatly increased by the heat treatment. It can be seen that the Ag-0.3Nd-0.7Cu ternary alloy of No. 6 has almost no change in surface roughness, and the addition of Nd suppresses aggregation of Ag atoms.
[0050]
【The invention's effect】
Since the light reflecting film of the present invention is formed of an Ag-based alloy in which a rare earth element is added to Ag, Ag crystal grain growth and Ag aggregation can be suppressed, so that the high reflectance inherent in Ag is maintained. As a result, the decrease in reflectance over time could be considerably reduced. Further, when Cu and / or Au are used in combination, the oxidation resistance is improved, and the decrease in reflectance over time can be further suppressed. Therefore, a bright and easy-to-view image can be formed by applying the light reflecting film of the present invention to a reflective liquid crystal display element. Moreover, the sputtering target of this invention can be used conveniently in order to form the light reflection film which has the said performance.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a TEM image showing a crystalline state of a pure Ag thin film.
FIG. 2 is a TEM image showing a crystalline state of an Ag-0.9Cu-1.0Au ternary alloy thin film.
FIG. 3 is a TEM image showing a crystal state of an Ag-0.3Nd-0.7Cu ternary alloy thin film.
FIG. 4 is an AFM image showing the surface state of a pure Ag thin film.
FIG. 5 is an AFM image showing the surface state of an Ag-0.9Cu-1.0Au ternary alloy thin film.
FIG. 6 is an AFM image showing the surface state of an Ag-0.3Nd-0.7Cu ternary alloy thin film.

Claims (3)

反射型液晶表示素子において反射電極または反射板として用いられる光反射膜であって、Ndおよび/またはYを合計で0.1〜3.0%(原子%の意味、以下同じ)含有し、更にCuを0.1〜2.0%、およびAuを0.1〜1.5%含有するAg基合金から形成されていることを特徴とする光反射膜。 A light reflecting film used as a reflecting electrode or a reflecting plate in a reflective liquid crystal display element, containing Nd and / or Y in a total amount of 0.1 to 3.0% (meaning atomic%, the same applies hereinafter), and A light reflecting film formed of an Ag-based alloy containing 0.1 to 2.0% of Cu and 0.1 to 1.5% of Au . 請求項1に記載の光反射膜を備えることを特徴とする反射型液晶表示素子。A reflective liquid crystal display element comprising the light reflecting film according to claim 1 . 請求項1に記載の光反射膜を基板上に形成するために用いられる請求項1に記載のAg基合金で構成されていることを特徴とする光反射膜用スパッタリングターゲット。A sputtering target for a light reflecting film, comprising the Ag-based alloy according to claim 1, which is used for forming the light reflecting film according to claim 1 on a substrate.
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