JP4043710B2 - Water treatment method and water treatment apparatus using the method - Google Patents
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Description
【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、懸濁粒子（懸濁因子を構成するコロイド粒子やコロイド粒子よりも大きい粗粒子）を含む用水又は廃水を凝集沈殿処理により浄化し、清澄水を得る水処理方法及びその方法を用いる水処理装置に係り、とくに高濃度有機性汚濁水の処理に好適なものに関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
従来、処理すべき原水中の汚濁因子が、微細粒子群やコロイド粒子群で構成されている場合、その汚濁因子の除去方法としての固液分離の効率を向上させるために、懸濁液に凝集剤を添加し撹拌した後、凝集沈殿その他の清澄による固液分離を行う水処理が行われている。しかしながら、畜舎等の施設内洗浄汚水や家畜尿汚水、あるいは青粉が発生した池水などの高濃度に汚濁した有機性汚水、又は食品工場や業務用厨房などから発生する高濃度に汚濁した有機性廃水に関しては、従来、処理設備の規模及び設備コスト、処理コスト及び処理時間の面において、理想的な水処理方法が確立していない。従来は、畜産農家における汚水処理は、多大な設備費が必要であること、浄化装置を導入しても、メンテナンスの不備、扱いが面倒なことから、十分な処理がなされていないのが現状であり、それが土壌汚染や地下水汚染等の要因の一つとなっている。不十分な処理は、畜産施設内の環境悪化、飼育動物の発病等を誘引するので、低コストで排水基準をクリアできる浄化装置の出現が待たれていた。
【０００３】
高濃度に汚濁した有機性汚水又は廃水を浄化する従来方法は、希釈した原水に凝集剤を添加し、均一迅速な混合のために撹拌し、緩速かきまぜを行った後に懸濁液を静置して、凝集と沈降をさせて固液分離するものである。通常、その水処理において汚濁因子のフロック形成の促進のために用いられる凝集剤は、その大半が薬剤すなわち水溶性高分子化合物である有機性の高分子凝集剤であり、これに代えて又はこれとともに、例えば、硫酸ばんど、ポリ塩化アルミニウム、硫酸第二鉄その他の無機凝集剤が使用又は併用される場合がある。
【０００４】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、従来は、原水の前処理は単にこれを希釈するだけであり、これに上記従来の凝集剤を添加撹拌し、緩速かきまぜを行うだけであるため、凝集剤の汚濁物（懸濁物・溶存物）に対する凝集作用（液体中に分散しているコロイド粒子やコロイド粒子よりも大きい粗粒子を集合接着させて、フロックを形成する作用）の効率が非常に低くかった。そのため、撹拌後の緩速かきまぜに１〜４時間を要し、その緩速かきまぜ後の懸濁液を静置して、凝集沈降をさせるものであるので、従来は、懸濁物の分散状態から完全凝集状態及び沈殿濃縮するまでに時間がかかり、懸濁液全体に対する粒子除去率、すなわち、清澄効率も決して満足的なものではなかった。
【０００５】
本発明は、上記の事情に鑑みてなされたものであり、第一の発明の課題は、懸濁粒子を含む用水又は廃水を凝集沈殿処理により浄化し、清澄水を得る水処理方法において、凝集剤の汚濁物に対する凝集作用を大幅に助長促進して、凝集速度を飛躍的に高め、高い清澄効率を得ることにある。
また、第二の発明の課題は、上記水処理方法をできるだけ安価な設備で、低廉な運転コスト及び保守コストで、能率的に実行することができる水処理装置を提供することにある。
【０００６】
【課題を解決するための手段】
第一の課題を解決するため、請求項１の方法発明は、汚濁粒子を含む懸濁液に極微細気泡を注入する第１処理と、第１処理後の懸濁液に、凝集剤又は凝集剤と凝集助剤との混合物を添加して撹拌する第２処理と、第２処理後の懸濁液を静置して汚濁粒子を凝集物として沈降させる第３処理とからなり、第１処理は、懸濁液中に最小径２〜５μｍの空気の極微細気泡を形成させて前記極微細気泡を懸濁液を槽内に設けた酸化チタンに向けて吹付けて懸濁液中の汚濁粒子を分解することを特徴としている。
【０００７】
第１処理では、懸濁液の懸濁粒子が極微細気泡により活性化される。活性化されるとは、イオンの作用により汚濁粒子の集合接着を助長・促進させること、又は、酸素供給により汚濁粒子の分解・分離を助長・促進させることを意味する。懸濁粒子が有する負の電荷と、第２処理において添加される凝集剤又は凝集剤と凝集助剤の混合物の陽イオンとの作用により、懸濁粒子同志の集合接着を助長させる吸着活性が与えられる。極微細気泡は懸濁液の水分から陰イオンを発生させる。この陰イオンが懸濁粒子に付着する。陰イオンは、第２処理において添加される凝集剤又は凝集剤と凝集助剤の混合物の陽イオンと作用して、懸濁粒子の表面荷電を低下させ、粒子衝突妨害因子の除去の働きを促進する。
【０００８】
第２処理では、上記粒子衝突妨害因子の除去により、浮遊する懸濁粒子同志が容易に衝突して接着し易くなるので、凝集速度が高まり、凝集力が大きくなる。
第３処理では、凝集剤又は凝集剤と凝集助剤との混合物の添加撹拌後の懸濁液を２０秒ないし３分間程度の所定時間静置することにより、懸濁粒子がフロックを形成すると同時に、安定化方向に向かい、凝集物が沈降する。凝集力が大きいので、大きなフロックが形成されるため、沈降速度が３ｃｍ／秒と、従来よりも格段に大きい。
【０００９】
また、第１処理においては、極微細気泡を槽内の原水中に設けた酸化チタンに向けて衝突させて、懸濁液中の汚濁粒子を分解する。
請求項２の水処理方法は、請求項１の方法の第２処理において、凝集剤と凝集助剤との混合物として、活性炭及び二酸化ケイ素を主成分とする無機凝集剤の混合物の粉体からなるもの（以下、凝集剤等という。）を用いることを特徴としている。凝集剤等の二酸化ケイ素を主成分とする無機凝集剤により素粒子の橋かけ吸着による凝集作用が生じ、また、活性炭からなる凝集助剤によりその凝集効果が改善される。また、無機凝集剤は、懸濁液に添加した時にＳｉＯ2 、Ａｌ2 Ｏ3 、ＣａＯ、Ｆｅ2 Ｏ3 のような縮合イオンを生成すると考えられ、その縮合イオンは、微細気泡により活性化された懸濁液の懸濁粒子の表面荷電の陰イオンと作用して、従来の凝集剤では得られない吸着活性を有する。そのため、懸濁粒子の凝集を顕著に促進させる。従って、凝集沈降所要時間が大幅に短縮される。
【００１０】
請求項３の水処理方法は、第３処理において得られた清澄水の全部又は一部を第１処理に返送して汚濁粒子を含む懸濁液を希釈することを特徴としている。沈殿した凝集物は濾過手段により水とを分離して回収することが望ましい。この水処理方法によれば、凝集沈殿における清澄効率が高く、清澄水貯留槽に貯留される清澄水は不純物含有率が少ないので、第１処理における原水希釈用水として有効活用が可能である。従って、水処理コストの低減効果が得られる。
請求項４の水処理方法は、第３処理において得られた清澄水に極微細気泡を溶存酸素量が飽和状態になるように混入する第４処理を行い、第４処理後の清澄水を第１処理に返送して汚濁粒子を含む懸濁液を希釈することを特徴としている。この水処理方法によれば、第１処理の原水に、すでに極微細気泡が充満された原水希釈用水を注入して、原水を適当な濃度に希釈すると同時に活性化することができる。清澄水に極微細気泡を溶存酸素量が飽和状態になるように混入する手段として、清澄水を吸込んでこれに極微細気泡を混入して吐出する液体ポンプを用いる場合は、ポンプのメンテナンスが第１処理槽内に設置される場合よりも容易であり、寿命が伸長する。
【００１１】
一方、上記水処理方法を実施するための請求項５の本発明の水処理装置は、懸濁粒子を含む懸濁液を吸い込み、空気を導入しつつ最小径２〜５μｍの極微細気泡を吐出する液体ポンプと、汚濁粒子を分解する酸化チタンとを備えた第１処理槽と、第１処理槽の懸濁液に凝集剤又は凝集剤と凝集助剤との混合物を混合するための混合手段と、混合された懸濁液を収容して撹拌する撹拌手段を備え、撹拌された懸濁液を静置して汚濁粒子を凝集物として沈殿させる第２処理槽とを有することを特徴としている。
【００１２】
上記の構成において、第１処理槽では、懸濁液の極微細気泡による活性化、すなわち、懸濁粒子同志の衝突阻害因子の除去が行われる。第２処理槽では、混合手段により凝集剤及び／又は凝集助剤を混合された懸濁液が撹拌手段により撹拌され、懸濁粒子と凝集剤及び／又は凝集助剤が均一迅速に混合し、凝集力が助長される。撹拌手段の停止により懸濁液の乱流が徐々に制止され、その間に懸濁粒子同志の衝突が頻繁に行われ、懸濁粒子の助長された集合接着により急速に粗大フロックが形成される。その結果、沈降速度が大きい。この構成の場合は、原水に直接に極微細気泡を吹込むことができ、懸濁粒子の吸着活性化が一層促進される。
【００１３】
また、第１処理槽においては、極微細気泡を槽内の原水中に設けた酸化チタンに向けて衝突させて、懸濁液中の汚濁粒子を分解する。
請求項６の水処理装置は、請求項５の水処理装置の第２処理槽の上部に清澄水回収手段を、下部に凝集物回収手段をそれぞれ備えたことを特徴としている。清澄水回収手段は、清澄水を放流するもの、用水として他の施設に供給するもののいずれでも良い、凝集物回収手段は、第２処理槽の底部に沈殿濃縮した凝集物を重力流出させるもの、濾過手段に流出させるもののいずれでも良い。
【００１４】
本発明による水処理装置は、請求項７の発明のように、請求項５の発明と同じ第１処理槽と、第１処理槽の懸濁液に凝集剤又は凝集剤と凝集助剤との混合物を混合するための混合手段と、混合された懸濁液を収容して撹拌する撹拌手段を備える第２処理槽と、第２処理槽から撹拌された懸濁液を受入れて汚濁粒子を凝集物として沈殿させる第３処理槽とを有する構成とすることができる。
すなわち、この水処理装置は、懸濁液に対する凝集剤等の添加と、その添加後の懸濁液の撹拌とを第２処理槽で行い、撹拌後の懸濁液の静置による凝集沈殿を第３処理槽で行うようにしたものである。この構成とした場合は、第３処理槽で凝集沈殿処理をしている間に、第１処理装置及び第２処理装置において、順次、原水の活性化と凝集剤添加・撹拌を平行して行うことが可能である。
【００１５】
請求項８の水処理装置は、請求項７の水処理装置の第２処理槽の上部に清澄水回収手段を、下部に凝集物回収手段をそれぞれ備えたことを特徴としている。清澄水回収手段及び凝集物回収手段は、請求項６の水処理装置と同様に、清澄水を放流するもの、用水として他の施設に供給するもの、あるいは第２処理槽の底部に沈殿濃縮した凝集物を重力流出させるもの、濾過手段に流出させるもののいずれでも良い。
請求項９の水処理装置は、請求項６又は８に記載された水処理装置において、清澄水回収手段により回収される清澄水を貯留する清澄水貯留槽を設け、その清澄水貯留槽から清澄水を第１処理槽に原水希釈用水として回帰供給する希釈用水供給手段を備えたことを特徴としている。凝集沈殿により得られた清澄水は、希釈用水供給手段により第１処理槽に原水希釈用水として回帰供給される。水資源のリサイクルによる有効利用及び経費節減が図れる。
【００１６】
請求項１０の水処理装置は、懸濁液が注入される第１処理槽と、第１処理槽の懸濁液に凝集剤又は凝集剤と凝集助剤との混合物を混合するための混合手段と、混合された懸濁液を収容して撹拌する撹拌手段を備える第２処理槽と、第２処理槽から撹拌された懸濁液を受入れて汚濁粒子を凝集物として沈殿させ、上部に清澄水回収手段を、下部に凝集物回収手段をそれぞれ有する第３処理槽と、第３処理槽から前記清澄水回収手段により回収される清澄水を貯留し、その清澄水を吸込んでこれに極微細気泡を混入して吐出する液体ポンプ及びその清澄水を第１処理槽に原水希釈用水として供給する希釈用水供給手段を備えた清澄水貯留槽とを有することを特徴としている。
【００１７】
第１処理槽では原水が清澄水貯留槽から希釈用水供給手段により供給される希釈用水により適当に希釈される。従って、原水の凝集剤による凝集作用が所望の時間で適切確実に行われる。
【００１８】
【発明の実施の形態】
次に、本発明の実施例について、図面に基づいて詳細に説明する。図１は本発明による水処理方法を示す処理工程図、図２は本発明方法を実施する水処理装置の一例の構成を概略的に示すシステムフロー図、図３は水処理装置の他の例の構成を概略的に示すシステムフロー図である。図４は本発明方法の実現に好適な極微細気泡を流体に充満させるための気泡発生液体ポンプの一例を示す断面図である。
【００１９】
本発明に係る水処理方法は、前処理として原水の活性化処理（第１処理）を行い、次いで、原水に凝集剤等を添加して撹拌する処理（第２処理）を行い、さらに、撹拌後の懸濁液を静置して凝集・沈殿により清澄する処理（第３処理）を行う。 第２処理と第３処理は、図２に示す装置発明のように、一つの処理槽Ｂ１２で行うこともでき、また、図３に示す装置発明のように、各別の処理槽Ｂ２２，Ｂ２３で行うこともできる。
次ぎに、各処理について、項を分けて説明する。
［第１処理］本発明に係る水処理方法は、従来行われている、原水に凝集剤を添加して撹拌する処理と、撹拌後の懸濁液を静置して凝集・沈殿により清澄する処理とを内容とする固液分離技術を基本的構成要素とするが、本発明は、その前処理（第１処理）として、原水の活性化処理を行うことを一つの特徴としている。すなわち、図１（１）及び図２に示すように、本発明方法は、第１処理として、極微細気泡ｍｂによる原水の活性化処理を行う。原水の活性化処理とは、例えば、泥流水などの疎水性コロイド粒子を含む原水に対しては、原水の汚濁粒子に陰イオンを付加させ、凝集剤存在下での汚濁粒子同志の衝突阻害因子を低下させ、汚濁粒子の集合接着を補助・促進させる処理であり、例えば畜舎廃水その他の高濃度に汚濁した有機性汚水などの親水性コロイド粒子を含む原水に対しては、極微細気泡により汚濁粒子に豊富な酸素を供給して、その分解・殺菌を助長促進させる処理である。
【００２０】
活性化処理を効率的に行うため、原水には溶存酸素量が飽和状態になるように極微細気泡ｍｂを充満させることが望ましい。溶存酸素量が飽和状態になるように極微細気泡を充満させるには、原水注入管１から第１処理槽Ｂ１１に注入される原水ａが希釈を必要としない低濃度の場合は、第１処理槽Ｂ１１の底部に後述される気泡発生液体ポンプＰ１を設置し、その吸込み口から原水を吸込み、それに極微細気泡を混入して第１処理槽Ｂ１１内に吐出させることが望ましい。原水が高濃度の場合は、希釈用水ｂを第１処理槽Ｂ１１に注入する必要がある。その希釈用水ｂは、この水処理システムで得られる処理水以外の清澄水を用いても良いが、処理コスト低減するためには、この水処理システムで得られる処理水ｄを希釈用水ｂに用いることが望ましい。
【００２１】
気泡発生液体ポンプＰ１は、最小径が２〜５μｍ程度の極微細気泡を液体中に吐出することができるものであり、このような気泡発生液体ポンプとしては、特許第２６４６４４２号の特許公報に記載されている既知のものを用いることができる。その気泡発生液体ポンプは、図４に示すように、ポンプ室６１内で高速回転する翼車６２によって吸込み口６３から吸込んだ液体を吐出し口６４へ送出す液体ポンプＢにおいて、空気導入口を大気中に開放した空気導入パイプ６５の先端を、吸込み口６３からポンプ室６１内に突出させて、その先端開口部を翼車６２の回転中心に向けた構成とされていて、動作時は、モータ６６により駆動される翼車６２の回転によりその直前の液体に発生する負圧により空気導入パイプ６５から空気を吸込み、翼車６２によりその空気を細断して極微細気泡を生成し、その極微細気泡が混入された液体を吐出し口６４から吐出すようになっている。図５において、６７はモータ収納ケース、６８は整流板兼空気導入パイプ支持部材、６９は支持脚、６１０は空気導入パイプ６５の空気導入口付近に設けられた流量制御弁である。
【００２２】
気泡発生液体ポンプＰ１が発生する極微細気泡ｍｂは、最小〜最大径が２μｍ〜３ｍｍ程度に微小であるため、第１処理槽Ｂ１１の原水中に混入された時に、従来エアレーションによる最小径３ｍｍ以上の気泡を用いる場合と異なり、浮力が小さいので速やかに上昇して発散してしまうことがなく、液体溶存時間が２〜１０分間と非常に長い。原水ａ中の溶存酸素が多い場合は、汚濁粒子の分解・分離が著しく促進されるため、汚濁物を構成する粗粒子が分解・分離されて、粗粒子よりも細かいコロイド粒子、すなわち、凝集しやすい大きさとなる。
【００２３】
従って、図１（１）の実施例のように気泡発生液体ポンプＰ１を第１処理槽Ｂ１１に設置することに代えて、後述される第３処理を行う第３処理槽Ｂ１３又は第３処理槽Ｂ２３における凝集沈殿による固液分離によって得られる清澄水ｄを貯留する清澄水貯留槽Ｂ１３又はその清澄水の一部を希釈用水ｂとして貯留する希釈用水槽内に上記気泡発生液体ポンプＰ１を設置し、その液体ポンプにより極微細気泡が充満された希釈用水を第１処理槽Ｂ１１又はＢ２１に注入することでも、十分に活性化の目標を達成することができる。
【００２４】
［第２処理］第１処理槽Ｂ１１において活性化された懸濁液は、通常の揚水ポンプＰ２により第２処理槽Ｂ１２に向けて移送されるが、その間に、凝集剤等添加手段である定量供給機能を有するミキサーＭＸにより、流動する懸濁液に凝集剤又は凝集剤と凝集助剤の混合物が添加される。ミキサーＭＸには、振動フィーダやディスパーザを用いることができる。凝集剤又は凝集剤と凝集助剤の混合物には、懸濁粒子の性状に適合する液状又は粉状の既知のものを使用しても良い。しかし、本発明のもう一つの特徴は、処理水を放水又は再使用する場合の安全性を確保するため、従来の有機性高分子凝集剤は使用せず、二酸化ケイ素を主成分とする無機凝集剤と活性炭からなる凝集助剤の混合物の粉体を用いることにある。このような無機凝集剤としては、一例として表１に示す成分を含有する火山岩などの岩石の粉砕物を用いることができる。
【００２５】
【表１】
このような凝集剤等は、懸濁液と混合された状態で陽イオンを発生し、汚濁粒子の陰イオンと作用し、第３処理における凝集作用に顕著な影響を与えると考えられる。また、上記凝集剤等は、岩石及び活性炭等の天然資源を用いるので、従来に比し、材料コストが極めて少額となり、経済性に優れている。前記無機凝集剤と凝集助剤の混合率は、重量％で１対０ないし１対０．０１程度が有効である。活性炭は、脱臭、脱色効果を狙っているが、必要としない場合もある。また、ミキサーＭＸによる上記新規な凝集剤等の原水に対する添加率は、原水の濃度に応じて、表２に示すように設定される。
【００２７】
【表２】
ミキサーＭＸにより凝集剤等が混合された懸濁液ｃは、直ちに第２処理槽Ｂ１２に注入され、その槽に設けられた撹拌手段２により迅速に撹拌される。この撹拌手段２は、例えば、モータ２１により回転されるパドル形又はプロペラ形などの羽根２２を用いて撹拌するものであり、その羽根の回転速度及び撹拌時間は、懸濁液の種類及び凝集剤等の性質に応じて、懸濁液の乱流により凝集剤等が汚濁粒子と均一に混合するように決定される。凝集剤等を混合した後は、汚濁粒子同志の接近又は接触の際に、汚濁粒子の表面荷電が凝集剤等の反対符号のイオンの作用により表面荷電が低下され、汚濁粒子の衝突阻害要因が除去され、あるいは、凝集剤等の架橋吸着力の増大により、汚濁粒子の接着力が増す。
【００２９】
［第３処理］所要時間の撹拌をした後、その懸濁液を放置し、汚濁粒子の凝集作用すなわちフロック形成及び沈降作用をさせる。図２の実施例では、第２処理槽Ｂ１２をロート状に形成して、これを撹拌処理と凝集沈降とに用いている。すなわち、所要時間の撹拌を終了すると同時にその撹拌動作を停止し、そのまま懸濁液を所定時間、例えば１分間程度放置する。原水の汚濁因子の種類・性状により、放置時間の有効範囲は、２０秒〜３分間である。撹拌手段による撹拌動作が停止された直後は、懸濁液の乱流が徐々に緩慢になり、ついには静止するが、その過程において、汚濁粒子の相対移動速度が適当な範囲になった時に、衝突阻害要因が除去された汚濁粒子同志が容易に衝突し、汚濁粒子同志が集合接着して、フロックを形成する。極微細気泡による接着力が増しているので、非常に大きなフロックが形成される。そして、懸濁液の流れが緩慢になり、停止するに連れ、形成されたフロックは安定して壊れない。従って、重くなった凝集物は速やかに沈降し、処理槽の上部には清澄水が生じて、迅速な固液分離が実現される。
【００３０】
凝集沈降による清澄処理によって第２処理槽Ｂ１２の上部に清澄により生成される処理水、すなわち、清澄水は、回収管５の栓４を開けることにより、重力で清澄水貯留槽Ｂ１３に流下し貯留される。また、第２処理槽Ｂ１２の底部に沈降して濃縮する凝集物（スラッジ）ｅは、第２処理槽Ｂ１２の底部開口に接続された回収管５の栓６を開けることにより、重力で清澄水貯留槽Ｂ１３の上面の一部に設けられた濾過手段７に流下し、濾過される。濾過された水は、清澄水貯留槽Ｂ１３に収容するようにしてもよい。濾過手段７には、凝集物ｅの種類・性質に応じてそれに適合するもの、例えば、マイクロストレーナ、ペーパフィルタ等の精密濾材、又は布、フェルト等を使用することができる。濾過手段７により回収される凝集物又は残渣物は、本発明に係る凝集剤等の作用及び酸化チタンにより発生量が僅少である。また、従来のように、高分子凝集剤又は中和剤などが付着していないので、安全性が高く、これを乾燥して、土壌改良材や肥料として再利用が可能である。
【００３１】
図２の実施例では、一つの処理槽Ｂ１２において、第２処理すなわち活性化された原水と凝集剤等との混合撹拌と、第３処理すなわちその後の清澄とを行うようにしたが、図３に示す実施例のように、第２処理と第３処理とを各別の処理槽Ｂ２２，Ｂ２３で行うようにしても良い。この場合は、懸濁液と凝集剤等の混合撹拌を行う第２処理槽Ｂ２２はロート状にする必要はなく、第２処理槽Ｂ２２から揚水ポンプＰ３により撹拌後の懸濁液ｃ´を第３処理槽Ｂ２３に移送して静置し、清澄を行う第３処理槽Ｂ２３を凝集物ｅの回収に容易なように、ロート状に形成すればよい。
【００３２】
図２及び図３において、Ｐ４は清澄水貯留槽Ｂ１３又はＢ２４に貯留された清澄水を、第１処理槽Ｂ１１又はＢ２１に希釈用水として供給する手段を構成するポンプである。
なお、図２の第２処理槽Ｂ１２又は図３の第３処理槽Ｂ２３の回収管５から回収される凝集物を濾過する濾過手段７は、図３に示すように、エンドレスフィルタでコンベア状に形成されたもの７１を適当に傾斜して設け、モータ等の駆動体７２により連続的に又は間欠的に回転させることにより、捕捉された凝集物を濾過手段から連続的に又は間欠的に回収して、長期間の水処理の間も濾過率の低下を防止することができ、捕捉された凝集物の回収の手間を省き、保守コストの低減を図ることが可能である。
【００３３】
図２及び図３の第１処理槽Ｂ１１，Ｂ２１内のＣは、酸化チタン（ＴｉＯ2 ）膜を施した線材で形成した網箱又はステンレス網で形成された箱に酸化チタンセラミックスを収容して構成されており、液体ポンプＰ１が吐出する懸濁液に含まれる極微細気泡がその網に接触する範囲に設置されている。網構造とするのは、最小見掛け容積で最大の極微細気泡と酸化チタンとの接触量を確保するためである。第１処理槽Ｂ１１，Ｂ２１内のＣは、吐出される極微細気泡の接触率を高くするため、液体ポンプの吐出し口に対向する位置に置くことがよい。また、第１処理槽Ｂ１１，Ｂ２１内のＣは、第３処理の後に設けられる希釈用水貯留槽内に液体ポンプＰ１を設けて、その希釈用水に極微細気泡を充満させる場合は、第１処理槽ではその中に希釈用水を供給する吐出口が対向する位置に設ければよい。
【００３４】
上記のように、第１処理槽Ｂ１１，Ｂ２１の原水に液体ポンプＰ１を介して極微細気泡を吹込む場合に、その第１処理槽内に酸化チタンを設け、その酸化チタンに極微細気泡を吹込み又は接触させるようにした場合は、有機性汚濁粒子の分解・分離が一層促進されるばかりでなく、高濃度有機性汚水の場合には、脱臭、消臭、殺菌、抗菌の効果が得られる。従って、第１処理槽において極微細気泡による活性化のみを行う場合に比し、格段に優れた水処理能力を発揮することができ、第３処理における凝集時間がさらに短縮される効果が得られる。
【００３５】
極微細気泡による活性化と酸化チタンを併用することにより、凝集時間の大幅な短縮が可能であるため、本発明は、バッチ処理のほか、連続処理、自動処理にも適用することができる。
上記発明方法を、畜産汚水の代表として豚尿の浄化に適用した場合の実験結果及び、食品加工の廃水の代表として洗米液の処理に適用した場合の処理液分析データを、それぞれ表３及び表４に示す。なお、表３の処理試料は、原水の１０倍希釈液、原水は一次処理（加圧浮上によるＳＳ除去）済みである。処理時間は４分。原水量バッチ１０リットル。
【００３６】
【表３】
【表４】
上記のように、本発明方法によれば、短時間で水質基準を満たす水処理を行なうことができる。従って、処理水は、畜舎の施設洗浄用水に再使用したり、水処理装置の原水希釈用水に使用したり、あるいは青粉が発生した池水を処理して循環使用したりすることができる。しかし、処理水は排水しても良い。
【００３９】
【発明の効果】
請求項１の方法発明によれば、極微細気泡による原水の活性化をした後に、凝集剤等との混合撹拌をし、清澄を行なうので、汚濁粒子の分解・分離が促進され、凝集物のフロックが大きいため、凝集沈殿が速く、迅速な水処理を行なうことができる。また、極微細気泡の原水への混入により、懸濁物の分解・分離が顕著に促進されるため、凝集速度が速くなり、さらに、汚濁液の脱臭、消臭、殺菌等の汚水処理に好ましい効果が簡単・簡便な方法及び装置により実現することができる。さらに、極微細気泡を発生する液体ポンプ及び酸化手段は、原水中ではなく処理水中に設けられるため、それらの寿命が長くなる。
【００４０】
請求項２の方法発明によれば、従来の凝集剤では得られない吸着活性を有する凝集剤等を用いることにより、懸濁粒子の凝集が顕著に促進され、従って、凝集沈降所要時間が大幅に短縮される。また、この凝集剤等は、埋蔵量が豊富な天然資源を利用するので、材料が廉価であるとともに、危険性、有害性及び環境に対する影響はいずれもなくて安全性が高く、中和剤が不要であり、循環使用が可能であって、処理コストが低廉であり、処理水の用途が拡大される。
請求項３の方法発明によれば、処理水を原水希釈用水に用いるので、循環型水処理が可能であり、処理コストの一層の軽減効果がもたらされる。
【００４１】
請求項４の方法発明によれば、原水の希釈と同時に極微細気泡の混入を行なうことができるので、処理時間の短縮を図ることができる。
請求項５の方法発明によれば、第１処理層と第２処理層の二つの槽による簡単で低廉な設備により、凝集率が高く、有効確実な水処理を行なうことができる。
請求項７の装置発明によれば、原水と凝集剤の混合撹拌処理と、撹拌後の懸濁液の静置・凝集沈殿処理を、それぞれ別の槽で行なうので、これらの処理を平行して行ない、装置全体の処理能率を高めることができる。
【００４２】
従来は、畜産農家における汚水処理は、多大な設備費が必要であること、浄化装置を導入しても、メンテナンスの不備、扱いが面倒なことから、十分な処理がなされていないのが現状であり、それが土壌汚染や地下水汚染等の要因の一つとなっている。不十分な処理は、畜産施設内の環境悪化、飼育動物の発病等を誘引するので、低コストで排水基準をクリアできる浄化装置の出現が待たれていた。上記の本発明方法及び本発明装置は、上記要望に十分に応え得るものであり、既設装置の末端に簡易な装置を付加することにより、いずれも低廉な設備コスト、運転コスト及び保守コストで、排水基準をクリアするばかりでなく、高効率で水処理を行なうことができ、その効果が従来技術に勝る程度は絶大である。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】 本発明による水処理方法の処理プロセスの構成例を示す工程図。
【図２】 本発明方法を実現する水処理装置の一例を示す概略構成図。
【図３】 本発明方法を実現する水処理装置の他例を示す概略構成図。
【図４】 本発明による水処理方法において用いられる気泡発生液体ポンプの一例を示す断面図。
【符号の説明】
図２において
Ｂ１１第１処理槽
ａ 原水
ｂ 希釈用水
Ｐ１ 極微細気泡を発生する液体ポンプ
ｍｂ 極微細気泡
Ｃ 酸化手段
ＭＸ ミキサー
Ｂ１２第２処理槽
ｃ 撹拌後の懸濁液
ｄ 清澄水
ｅ 凝集物
Ｂ１３清澄水貯留槽
３，４清澄水回収手段
５，６凝集物回収手段
７ 濾過手段
Ｐ２，Ｐ３，Ｐ４揚水ポンプ
図３において
Ｂ２１第１処理槽
Ｂ２２第２処理槽
Ｂ２３第３処理槽
Ｂ２４第４処理槽[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention uses a water treatment method for purifying purified water by purifying water or waste water containing suspended particles (colloid particles constituting a suspension factor or coarse particles larger than colloid particles) by coagulation sedimentation treatment and the method. The present invention relates to a water treatment apparatus, and particularly to a device suitable for treatment of highly concentrated organic polluted water.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, when the pollution factor in the raw water to be treated is composed of a group of fine particles or colloidal particles, it is agglomerated in a suspension to improve the efficiency of solid-liquid separation as a method for removing the pollution factor. After the agent is added and stirred, water treatment is performed to perform solid-liquid separation by coagulation precipitation or other clarification. However, highly contaminated organic sewage such as washing sewage in domestic facilities such as sheds, livestock urine sewage, pond water where blue powder is generated, or highly contaminated organics generated from food factories and commercial kitchens Regarding wastewater, an ideal water treatment method has not been established in terms of the scale of the treatment facility, the facility cost, the treatment cost, and the treatment time. Conventionally, sewage treatment in livestock farmers requires a large amount of equipment costs, and even if a purification device is installed, due to inadequate maintenance and cumbersome handling, sufficient treatment has not been done at present. Yes, it is one of the factors such as soil contamination and groundwater contamination. Insufficient treatment induces deterioration of the environment in livestock facilities, the onset of domestic animals, etc., and the appearance of a purification device that can meet the wastewater standard at low cost has been awaited.
[0003]
The conventional method for purifying highly contaminated organic wastewater or wastewater is to add flocculant to diluted raw water, stir for uniform and rapid mixing, and after stirring gently, leave the suspension still. Then, solid-liquid separation is performed by aggregation and sedimentation. Usually, the flocculant used for promoting flock formation of pollution factors in the water treatment is an organic polymer flocculant, most of which is a drug, that is, a water-soluble polymer compound. In addition, for example, sulfate, polyaluminum chloride, ferric sulfate and other inorganic flocculants may be used or used together.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, conventionally, the pretreatment of the raw water simply dilutes this, and the conventional flocculant is added and stirred, and the mixture is only stirred gently.・ The efficiency of the aggregating action (dissolved matter) (the action of forming a floc by causing the colloidal particles dispersed in the liquid and coarse particles larger than the colloidal particles to adhere to each other to form a floc) was very low. Therefore, it takes 1 to 4 hours for the slow stirring after stirring, and the suspension after the slow stirring is allowed to stand for coagulation sedimentation. From time to time, it took time to complete aggregation and precipitation concentration, and the particle removal rate relative to the entire suspension, that is, clarification efficiency, was never satisfactory.
[0005]
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the first invention is to agglomerate water or wastewater containing suspended particles by agglomeration and precipitation treatment to obtain clarified water. It is to greatly promote and promote the coagulation action of the agent on the contaminants, dramatically increase the coagulation rate, and obtain high clarification efficiency.
Moreover, the subject of 2nd invention is providing the water treatment apparatus which can perform the said water treatment method efficiently with the cheapest installation, low operation cost, and maintenance cost.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the first problem, the method invention of
[0007]
In the first treatment, the suspended particles in the suspension are activated by the ultrafine bubbles. To be activated means to promote and promote collective adhesion of contaminated particles by the action of ions, or to promote and promote decomposition and separation of contaminated particles by supplying oxygen. The negative charge of the suspended particles and the action of the flocculating agent added in the second treatment or the cation of the mixture of the flocculating agent and the flocculating aid give the adsorbing activity that promotes the collective adhesion between the suspended particles. EtThisThe Very fine bubbles generate anions from the water in the suspension. This anion adheres to the suspended particles. The anion acts with the cation of the flocculant or the mixture of the flocculant and the flocculant added in the second treatment to reduce the surface charge of the suspended particles and promote the action of removing the particle collision interference factor. To do.
[0008]
In the second treatment, the suspended particle particles easily collide and adhere easily by the removal of the particle collision hindrance factor, so that the aggregation speed is increased and the aggregation force is increased.
In the third treatment, the flocculant or the flocculant and the flocculant aidWhenWhen the suspension after addition and stirring of the mixture is allowed to stand for a predetermined time of about 20 seconds to 3 minutes, the suspended particles form flocs, and at the same time, the aggregates settle in the stabilization direction. Since the cohesive force is large, a large floc is formed, so that the sedimentation speed is 3 cm / second, which is much higher than before.
[0009]
In the first treatment, ultrafine bubbles are caused to collide against titanium oxide provided in the raw water in the tank to decompose the contaminating particles in the suspension.
The water treatment method according to
[0010]
The water treatment method according to claim 3 is:FirstObtained in 3 treatmentsTheFirst or all of the clear waterReturn to to dilute suspension containing contaminating particlesIt is characterized by that. It is desirable to collect the precipitated aggregate by separating it from water by a filtering means. According to this water treatment method, the clarification efficiency in the coagulation sedimentation is high, and the clarification water stored in the clarification water storage tank has a small impurity content, so that it can be effectively used as the raw water dilution water in the first treatment. Therefore, the effect of reducing the water treatment cost can be obtained.
The water treatment method of
[0011]
oneThe claim for carrying out the water treatment method5The water treatment apparatus of the present invention isA first treatment tank including a liquid pump that sucks in a suspension containing suspended particles and discharges ultrafine bubbles having a minimum diameter of 2 to 5 μm while introducing air; and a titanium oxide that decomposes contaminated particles; 1) A suspension means for mixing a flocculant or a mixture of a flocculant and a flocculant aid with a suspension in a treatment tank, and a stirring means for containing and stirring the mixed suspension. A second treatment tank in which the turbid liquid is allowed to stand to precipitate the contaminated particles as aggregates.It is characterized by that.
[0012]
In the above configuration, in the first treatment tank, the suspension is activated by the ultrafine bubbles, that is, the collision inhibiting factor between the suspended particles is removed. In the second treatment tank, the suspension mixed with the flocculant and / or the coagulant aid by the mixing unit is stirred by the stirring unit, and the suspended particles and the coagulant and / or the coagulant aid are uniformly and rapidly mixed. Cohesion is encouraged. Suspension of the turbulent flow of the suspension is gradually stopped by stopping the stirring means, and collisions of suspended particles frequently occur during that time, and coarse flocs are rapidly formed due to the collective adhesion promoted by the suspended particles. As a result, the sedimentation rate is high. In the case of this configuration, ultrafine bubbles can be blown directly into the raw water, and the adsorption activation of suspended particles is further promoted.
[0013]
Further, in the first treatment tank, ultrafine bubbles are caused to collide against titanium oxide provided in the raw water in the tank to decompose the contaminating particles in the suspension.
Claim6The water treatment device of claim5The water treatment apparatus is provided with clear water recovery means in the upper part of the second treatment tank and aggregate recovery means in the lower part. The clarified water collecting means may be either one that discharges clarified water or one that is supplied to other facilities as irrigation water. The agglomerate collecting means is one that gravity-flows the agglomerated sediment that has settled at the bottom of the second treatment tank, Any of those flowing out to the filtering means may be used.
[0014]
The water treatment device according to the invention is claimed7As in the invention of claim5The same first treatment tank as the invention ofA second treatment tank provided with a mixing means for mixing the flocculant or a mixture of the flocculant and the flocculant aid with the suspension of the first treatment tank, and a stirring means for containing and stirring the mixed suspension. And a third processing tank for receiving the stirred suspension from the second processing tank and precipitating the contaminated particles as an aggregate.It can be set as the structure which has these.
That is, this water treatment apparatus performs the addition of a flocculant and the like to the suspension and the stirring of the suspension after the addition in the second treatment tank, and performs the aggregation and precipitation by standing the suspension after the stirring. This is performed in the third treatment tank. In this configuration, during the coagulation sedimentation treatment in the third treatment tank, the activation of the raw water and the addition and agitation of the coagulant are performed in parallel in the first treatment device and the second treatment device. It is possible.
[0015]
Claim8The water treatment device of claim7The water treatment apparatus is provided with clear water recovery means in the upper part of the second treatment tank and aggregate recovery means in the lower part. The clear water recovery means and the aggregate recovery means are claimed in claim6As in the case of the water treatment apparatus, those that discharge clear water, those that supply to other facilities as service water, those that cause gravity to flow out aggregates that have settled and settled at the bottom of the second treatment tank, and those that flow to filtration means Either is fine.
Claim9The water treatment apparatus of claim 6Or 8In the water treatment apparatus described in 1), a clarified water storage tank for storing the clarified water collected by the clarified water recovery means is provided, and the clarified water is recursively supplied from the clarified water storage tank to the first treatment tank as raw water dilution water. It is characterized by having a water supply means for dilution. The clarified water obtained by the coagulation sedimentation is recursively supplied as raw water dilution water to the first treatment tank by the dilution water supply means. Effective use and cost reduction by recycling water resources.
[0016]
Claim10The water treatment apparatus of the first treatment tank into which the suspension is injected,A second treatment tank provided with a mixing means for mixing the flocculant or a mixture of the flocculant and the flocculant aid with the suspension of the first treatment tank, and a stirring means for containing and stirring the mixed suspension. And a third treatment tank that receives the stirred suspension from the second treatment tank and precipitates the contaminated particles as agglomerates, and has clear water recovery means at the top and agglomerate recovery means at the bottom, A liquid pump for storing the clarified water recovered from the processing tank by the clarified water recovery means, sucking the clarified water and mixing and discharging ultrafine bubbles therein, and supplying the clarified water to the first processing tank as raw water dilution water A clear water storage tank equipped with a dilution water supply meansIt is characterized by that.
[0017]
In the first treatment tank, the raw water is appropriately diluted with the dilution water supplied from the clear water storage tank by the dilution water supply means. Therefore, the flocculating action by the flocculating agent of the raw water is appropriately and reliably performed in a desired time..
[0018]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram showing a water treatment method according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a system flow diagram schematically showing an example of the configuration of a water treatment apparatus for carrying out the method of the present invention, and FIG. 3 is another example of a water treatment apparatus. It is a system flow figure showing roughly the composition of. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a bubble generating liquid pump for filling a fluid with ultrafine bubbles suitable for realizing the method of the present invention.
[0019]
In the water treatment method according to the present invention, raw water activation treatment (first treatment) is performed as a pretreatment, and then a flocculant or the like is added to the raw water and stirred (second treatment). The subsequent suspension is allowed to stand and clarified by flocculation / precipitation (third treatment). The second treatment and the third treatment can be performed in one treatment tank B12 as in the apparatus invention shown in FIG. 2, and each of the separate treatment tanks B22 and B23 as in the apparatus invention shown in FIG. Can also be done.
Next, each process will be described separately.
[First Treatment] The water treatment method according to the present invention is a conventional treatment in which a flocculant is added to raw water and stirred, and the suspension after stirring is allowed to stand and be clarified by flocculation / precipitation. Although the solid-liquid separation technique including the treatment is a basic constituent element, the present invention is characterized by performing raw water activation treatment as the pretreatment (first treatment). That is, as shown in FIG. 1 (1) and FIG. 2, the method of this invention performs the activation process of raw | natural water by the ultrafine bubble mb as a 1st process. The raw water activation treatment is, for example, for raw water containing hydrophobic colloidal particles such as mud flow water, anions are added to the contaminated particles of the raw water, and the collision inhibiting factor between the contaminated particles in the presence of the flocculant This is a process to reduce and reduce the collective adhesion of contaminated particles. For example, livestock wastewater and other raw water containing highly colloidal hydrophilic colloidal particles such as organic sewage are contaminated by ultrafine bubbles. This is a treatment that promotes the decomposition and sterilization by supplying abundant oxygen to the particles.
[0020]
In order to efficiently perform the activation treatment, it is desirable that the raw water is filled with the ultrafine bubbles mb so that the dissolved oxygen amount is saturated. In order to fill the ultrafine bubbles so that the dissolved oxygen amount is saturated, the first treatment is performed when the raw water a injected from the raw
[0021]
The bubble generating liquid pump P1 is capable of discharging ultrafine bubbles having a minimum diameter of about 2 to 5 μm into the liquid. Such a bubble generating liquid pump is described in Japanese Patent No. 2646442. Known ones can be used. As shown in FIG. 4, the bubble generating liquid pump has an air inlet port in the liquid pump B that discharges the liquid sucked from the
[0022]
The ultrafine bubbles mb generated by the bubble generating liquid pump P1 have a minimum to maximum diameter of about 2 μm to 3 mm. Therefore, when mixed in the raw water of the first treatment tank B11, the minimum diameter of 3 mm or more by conventional aeration is increased. Unlike the case of using bubbles, since the buoyancy is small, it does not rapidly rise and diverge, and the liquid dissolution time is as long as 2 to 10 minutes. When there is a large amount of dissolved oxygen in the raw water a, decomposition and separation of the contaminated particles are remarkably promoted, so that the coarse particles constituting the contaminants are decomposed and separated, and colloidal particles finer than the coarse particles, that is, agglomerate. Easy size.
[0023]
Accordingly, instead of installing the bubble generating liquid pump P1 in the first processing tank B11 as in the embodiment of FIG. 1 (1), the third processing tank B13 or the third processing tank for performing the third processing described later. The bubble generating liquid pump P1 is installed in a clarified water storage tank B13 for storing clarified water d obtained by solid-liquid separation by coagulation sedimentation in B23 or a dilution water tank for storing a part of the clarified water as dilution water b. The target of activation can also be sufficiently achieved by injecting the dilution water filled with microbubbles into the first treatment tank B11 or B21 by the liquid pump.
[0024]
[Second Treatment] The suspension activated in the first treatment tank B11 is transferred toward the second treatment tank B12 by a normal pumping pump P2, and during that time, a quantitative amount which is a means for adding a flocculant or the like. The mixer MX having a supply function adds a flocculant or a mixture of the flocculant and the flocculant aid to the flowing suspension. For the mixer MX, a vibration feeder or a disperser can be used. As the flocculant or the mixture of the flocculant and the flocculant aid, a known liquid or powder that matches the properties of the suspended particles may be used. However, another feature of the present invention is that the conventional organic polymer flocculant is not used in order to ensure the safety when the treated water is discharged or reused. This is to use a powder of a mixture of an agglomeration aid composed of an agent and activated carbon. As such an inorganic flocculant, pulverized rocks such as volcanic rocks containing the components shown in Table 1 can be used as an example.
[0025]
[Table 1]
Such a flocculant is considered to generate cations when mixed with the suspension and to act on the anions of the contaminated particles, thereby significantly affecting the aggregating action in the third treatment. Moreover, since the said flocculant etc. use natural resources, such as a rock and activated carbon, material cost becomes very small compared with the former, and it is excellent in economical efficiency. The mixing ratio of the inorganic flocculant and the flocculant aid is effectively about 1 to 0 to 1 to 0.01 by weight%. Activated carbon is aimed at deodorizing and decolorizing effects, but it may not be necessary. Moreover, the addition rate with respect to raw | natural water, such as the said novel flocculant by the mixer MX, is set as shown in Table 2 according to the density | concentration of raw | natural water.
[0027]
[Table 2]
The suspension c mixed with the flocculant and the like by the mixer MX is immediately poured into the second treatment tank B12 and rapidly stirred by the stirring means 2 provided in the tank. The agitation means 2 is agitated by using, for example, a paddle type or
[0029]
[Third treatment] After stirring for the required time, the suspension is allowed to stand to cause agglomeration action of fouling particles, that is, floc formation and sedimentation action. In the embodiment of FIG. 2, the second treatment tank B12 is formed in a funnel shape, and this is used for stirring treatment and coagulation sedimentation. That is, at the same time as the stirring for the required time is completed, the stirring operation is stopped, and the suspension is left as it is for a predetermined time, for example, about 1 minute. The effective range of the standing time is 20 seconds to 3 minutes depending on the types and properties of the raw water pollution factors. Immediately after the stirring operation by the stirring means is stopped, the turbulent flow of the suspension gradually slows down and finally stops, but in the process, when the relative moving speed of the contaminated particles is in an appropriate range, The polluted particles from which the collision inhibition factor has been removed collide easily, and the polluted particles gather together to form a flock. Since the adhesive force due to ultrafine bubbles is increasing, very large flocks are formed. And as the flow of the suspension becomes slow and stops, the formed flock does not break stably. Therefore, the heavier agglomerates settle quickly, and clear water is generated in the upper part of the treatment tank, thereby realizing rapid solid-liquid separation.
[0030]
The treated water generated by clarification at the upper part of the second treatment tank B12 by the clarification process by coagulation sedimentation, that is, the clarified water is collected in the recovery pipe.5Is opened and stored in the clear water storage tank B13 by gravity. In addition, the aggregate (sludge) e that settles and concentrates at the bottom of the second treatment tank B12 is clarified by gravity by opening the stopper 6 of the recovery pipe 5 connected to the bottom opening of the second treatment tank B12. It flows down to the filtering means 7 provided in a part of the upper surface of the storage tank B13, and is filtered. You may make it accommodate the filtered water in the clarified water storage tank B13. As the filtering means 7, a material that is suitable for the type and properties of the aggregate e, for example, a precision filter medium such as a microstrainer or a paper filter, or a cloth or felt can be used. Aggregates or residues recovered by the filtering means 7 are the functions of the flocculant and the like according to the present invention andTitanium oxideThe amount generated is very small. Moreover, since a polymer flocculant or a neutralizing agent is not attached as in the prior art, the safety is high, and it can be dried and reused as a soil conditioner or fertilizer.
[0031]
In the embodiment of FIG. 2, the second treatment, that is, the mixing and stirring of the activated raw water and the flocculant, and the third treatment, that is, the subsequent clarification are performed in one treatment tank B12. As shown in the embodiment, the second process and the third process may be performed in separate processing tanks B22 and B23. In this case, the second treatment tank B22 for mixing and stirring the suspension and the flocculant does not need to be a funnel, and the suspension c ′ after stirring is transferred from the second treatment tank B22 by the pumping pump P3. What is necessary is just to form the 3rd processing tank B23 which transfers to 3 process tank B23, leaves still, and clarifies so that collection of the aggregate e may be easy.
[0032]
2 and 3, P4 is a pump that constitutes means for supplying the clarified water stored in the clarified water storage tank B13 or B24 to the first treatment tank B11 or B21 as dilution water.
In addition, as shown in FIG. 3, the filtration means 7 which filters the aggregate collect | recovered from the collection pipe | tube 5 of 2nd processing tank B12 of FIG. 2 or 3rd processing tank B23 of FIG. The formed
[0033]
C in the first treatment tanks B11 and B21 in FIGS. 2 and 3 is configured by containing titanium oxide ceramics in a net box formed of a wire material coated with a titanium oxide (TiO2) film or a box formed of a stainless steel net. IsInIn other words, the ultrafine bubbles contained in the suspension discharged from the liquid pump P1 are installed in a range where they contact the net. The reason why the net structure is used is to secure the contact amount between the maximum microbubbles and the titanium oxide with the minimum apparent volume.C in the first treatment tank B11, B21Is preferably placed at a position facing the discharge port of the liquid pump in order to increase the contact rate of the discharged ultrafine bubbles.In addition, C in the first treatment tank B11, B21,When the liquid pump P1 is provided in the dilution water storage tank provided after the third treatment and the dilution water is filled with ultrafine bubbles, the first treatment tank is opposed to the discharge port for supplying the dilution water therein. PositionSet inI hope.
[0034]
As described above, when ultrafine bubbles are blown into the raw water of the first treatment tanks B11 and B21 via the liquid pump P1, the inside of the first treatment tankTitanium oxideAnd thatTitanium oxideWhen microbubbles are blown into or contacted withYesIn addition to further promoting the decomposition and separation of the mechanically polluted particles, in the case of high-concentration organic sewage, deodorizing, deodorizing, sterilizing, and antibacterial effects are obtained. Therefore, compared with the case where only the activation by the ultrafine bubbles is performed in the first treatment tank, it is possible to exhibit a water treatment capacity that is remarkably superior, and the effect that the aggregation time in the third treatment is further shortened can be obtained. .
[0035]
Activation by microbubblesTitanium oxideSince the coagulation time can be significantly shortened by using together, the present invention can be applied to continuous processing and automatic processing in addition to batch processing.
Table 3 and Table 3 show the experimental results when the method of the present invention is applied to the purification of pig urine as a representative of livestock wastewater, and the processing liquid analysis data when applied to the treatment of the rice washing liquid as a representative of wastewater from food processing. 4 shows. In addition, the processing sample of Table 3 has been subjected to primary treatment (SS removal by pressurized levitation), and the raw water has been diluted 10 times. Processing time is 4 minutes.
[0036]
[Table 3]
[Table 4]
As described above, according to the method of the present invention, water treatment satisfying the water quality standard can be performed in a short time. Accordingly, the treated water can be reused for facility washing water for a livestock barn, used for diluting raw water of a water treatment device, or treated and circulated by treating pond water in which blue powder is generated. However, the treated water may be drained.
[0039]
【The invention's effect】
According to the method invention of
[0040]
According to the method invention of
According to the method invention of claim 3, since the treated water is used as the raw water dilution water, the circulating water treatment is possible and the treatment cost is further reduced.effectIs brought about.
[0041]
According to the method invention of
ContractClaim5According to this method invention, it is possible to perform an effective and reliable water treatment with a high coagulation rate by a simple and inexpensive facility with two tanks of the first treatment layer and the second treatment layer.
Claim7According to the apparatus invention of the present invention, the mixing and stirring treatment of the raw water and the flocculant, and the suspension and the coagulation sedimentation treatment of the suspension after the stirring are performed in separate tanks. Increase overall processing efficiency.
[0042]
ObedienceFrom now on, sewage treatment in livestock farmers requires a lot of equipment costs, and even if a purification device is introduced, it is not sufficiently treated because of poor maintenance and handling. Yes, it is one of the factors such as soil contamination and groundwater contamination. Insufficient treatment induces deterioration of the environment in livestock facilities, the onset of domestic animals, etc., and the appearance of a purification device that can meet the wastewater standard at low cost has been awaited. The above-mentioned method of the present invention and the device of the present invention can sufficiently meet the above-mentioned demands, and by adding a simple device to the end of the existing device, all of them are inexpensive equipment cost, operation cost and maintenance cost, Not only can the wastewater standards be cleared, but also water treatment can be performed with high efficiency, and the effect is superior to that of the prior art.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a process diagram showing a configuration example of a treatment process of a water treatment method according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an example of a water treatment apparatus for realizing the method of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram showing another example of a water treatment apparatus for realizing the method of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a bubble generating liquid pump used in the water treatment method according to the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
In FIG.
B11 first treatment tank
a Raw water
b Dilution water
P1 Liquid pump that generates ultrafine bubbles
mb ultrafine bubbles
C Oxidation means
MX mixer
B12 second treatment tank
c Suspension after stirring
d Kiyosumi water
e Aggregate
B13 clear water storage tank
3,4 clear water recovery means
5,6 Aggregate collection means
7 Filtration means
P2, P3, P4 pump
In FIG.
B21 first treatment tank
B22 second treatment tank
B23 3rd treatment tank
B24 4th treatment tank
Claims (10)
第１処理後の懸濁液に、凝集剤又は凝集剤と凝集助剤との混合物を添加して撹拌する第２処理と、
第２処理後の懸濁液を静置して汚濁粒子を凝集物として沈降させる第３処理とからなり、
第１処理は、懸濁液中に最小径２〜５μｍの空気の極微細気泡を形成させて前記極微細気泡を懸濁液を槽内に設けた酸化チタンに向けて吹付けて懸濁液中の汚濁粒子を分解する
ことを特徴とする水処理方法。 A first treatment for injecting ultrafine bubbles into a suspension containing contaminated particles ;
The suspension after the first treatment, a second process of stirring by adding a mixture of flocculant or flocculants and flocculating aid,
Ri Do from the third processing precipitating standing by pollutant particles suspension after the second treatment as aggregates,
In the first treatment, ultrafine bubbles of air having a minimum diameter of 2 to 5 μm are formed in the suspension, and the ultrafine bubbles are sprayed toward the titanium oxide provided in the tank. Decomposes dirt particles inside
A water treatment method characterized by the above .
凝集剤と凝集助剤との混合物が、
二酸化ケイ素を主成分とする無機凝集剤と活性炭との混合物の粉体である
ことを特徴とする請求項１に記載された水処理方法。 Using a mixture of the second processing smell Te agglutination agents and flocculation aids,
A mixture of flocculant and coagulant aid
The water treatment method according to claim 1, which is a powder of a mixture of an inorganic flocculant mainly composed of silicon dioxide and activated carbon.
第４処理後の清澄水を第１処理に返送して汚濁粒子を含む懸濁液を希釈する
ことを特徴とする請求項１又は２に記載された水処理方法。 Third dissolved oxygen content of the ultrafine bubbles clarified water obtained in the process performs a fourth processing to be mixed to give a saturation state,
The water treatment method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the clarified water after the fourth treatment is returned to the first treatment to dilute the suspension containing contaminated particles .
第１処理槽の懸濁液に凝集剤又は凝集剤と凝集助剤との混合物を混合する混合手段と、混合された懸濁液を撹拌する撹拌手段を備え、撹拌された懸濁液を静置して汚濁粒子を凝集物として沈殿させる第２処理槽と
を有することを特徴とする水処理装置。 A first treatment tank equipped with a liquid pump that sucks a suspension containing suspended particles and discharges ultrafine bubbles having a minimum diameter of 2 to 5 μm while introducing air, and a titanium oxide that decomposes contaminated particles. When,
Mixing means for mixing the flocculant or a mixture of the flocculant and the flocculant aid with the suspension in the first treatment tank, and stirring means for stirring the mixed suspension, A second treatment tank for placing and precipitating the contaminated particles as aggregates;
Water treatment apparatus characterized by having a.
第１処理槽の懸濁液に凝集剤又は凝集剤と凝集助剤との混合物を混合するための混合手段と、混合された懸濁液を収容して撹拌する撹拌手段を備える第２処理槽と、
第２処理槽から撹拌された懸濁液を受入れて汚濁粒子を凝集物として沈殿させる第３処理槽と
を有することを特徴とする水処理装置。 A first treatment tank comprising a liquid pump that sucks a suspension containing suspended particles and discharges ultrafine bubbles having a minimum diameter of 2 to 5 μm while introducing air; and a titanium oxide that decomposes contaminated particles;
A second treatment tank provided with a mixing means for mixing the flocculant or a mixture of the flocculant and the flocculant aid with the suspension of the first treatment tank, and a stirring means for containing and stirring the mixed suspension. When,
A third treatment tank for receiving the stirred suspension from the second treatment tank and precipitating the contaminated particles as aggregates;
Water treatment device further comprising a.
第１処理槽の懸濁液に凝集剤又は凝集剤と凝集助剤との混合物を混合するための混合手段と、混合された懸濁液を収容して撹拌する撹拌手段を備える第２処理槽と、
第２処理槽から撹拌された懸濁液を受入れて汚濁粒子を凝集物として沈殿させ、上部に 清澄水回収手段を、下部に凝集物回収手段をそれぞれ有する第３処理槽と、
第３処理槽から前記清澄水回収手段により回収される清澄水を貯留し、その清澄水を吸込んでこれに極微細気泡を混入して吐出する液体ポンプ及びその清澄水を第１処理槽に原水希釈用水として供給する希釈用水供給手段を備えた清澄水貯留槽と
を有することを特徴とする水処理装置。 A first treatment tank comprising a liquid pump that sucks a suspension containing suspended particles and discharges ultrafine bubbles having a minimum diameter of 2 to 5 μm while introducing air; and a titanium oxide that decomposes contaminated particles;
A second treatment tank provided with a mixing means for mixing the flocculant or a mixture of the flocculant and the flocculant aid with the suspension of the first treatment tank, and a stirring means for containing and stirring the mixed suspension. When,
A third treatment tank that receives the agitated suspension from the second treatment tank and precipitates the contaminated particles as agglomerates, and has clear water recovery means at the top and agglomerate recovery means at the bottom;
A liquid pump that stores the clarified water collected from the third treatment tank by the clarified water collecting means, sucks the clarified water, mixes and discharges ultrafine bubbles therein, and supplies the clarified water to the first treatment tank as raw water. A clear water storage tank equipped with dilution water supply means for supplying as dilution water;
Water treatment apparatus characterized by having a.
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| CN103922450B (en) * | 2014-04-10 | 2016-04-06 | 北京工业大学 | A kind of method and device being applicable to ground water hardness removal |
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