JP3933315B2 - Composite resin composition - Google Patents
Composite resin composition Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP3933315B2 JP3933315B2 JP23081498A JP23081498A JP3933315B2 JP 3933315 B2 JP3933315 B2 JP 3933315B2 JP 23081498 A JP23081498 A JP 23081498A JP 23081498 A JP23081498 A JP 23081498A JP 3933315 B2 JP3933315 B2 JP 3933315B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- component
- acid
- aliphatic
- weight
- repeating unit
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 44
- 239000000805 composite resin Substances 0.000 title claims description 28
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 229920003232 aliphatic polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 35
- 229920000747 poly(lactic acid) Polymers 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000004626 polylactic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid group Chemical group C(\C=C/C(=O)O)(=O)O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 31
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 21
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 17
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 13
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 13
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 13
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 9
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 7
- AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycolic acid Chemical compound OCC(O)=O AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VCUFZILGIRCDQQ-KRWDZBQOSA-N N-[[(5S)-2-oxo-3-(2-oxo-3H-1,3-benzoxazol-6-yl)-1,3-oxazolidin-5-yl]methyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C1O[C@H](CN1C1=CC2=C(NC(O2)=O)C=C1)CNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F VCUFZILGIRCDQQ-KRWDZBQOSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229920006167 biodegradable resin Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000012778 molding material Substances 0.000 description 6
- UQDJGEHQDNVPGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N serine phosphoethanolamine Chemical compound [NH3+]CCOP([O-])(=O)OCC([NH3+])C([O-])=O UQDJGEHQDNVPGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 5
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- XMNIXWIUMCBBBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-phenylpropan-2-ylperoxy)propan-2-ylbenzene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XMNIXWIUMCBBBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920002261 Corn starch Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 4
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000008120 corn starch Substances 0.000 description 4
- 208000028659 discharge Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920005604 random copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin Chemical compound O1C2=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C2OC2=C1C=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2 HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RLHGFJMGWQXPBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxy-3-(1h-imidazol-5-ylmethyl)benzamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C1=CC=CC(CC=2NC=NC=2)=C1O RLHGFJMGWQXPBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920001131 Pulp (paper) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010893 paper waste Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+/-)-1,3-Butanediol Chemical compound CC(O)CCO PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WHBMMWSBFZVSSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxybutyric acid Chemical compound CC(O)CC(O)=O WHBMMWSBFZVSSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FMHKPLXYWVCLME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-hydroxy-valeric acid Chemical compound CC(O)CCC(O)=O FMHKPLXYWVCLME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IWHLYPDWHHPVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-hydroxyhexanoic acid Chemical compound OCCCCCC(O)=O IWHLYPDWHHPVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001634 Copolyester Polymers 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001856 Ethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical compound CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FJWGYAHXMCUOOM-QHOUIDNNSA-N [(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-2-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-dinitrooxy-2-(nitrooxymethyl)-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5,6-trinitrooxy-2-(nitrooxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,5-dinitrooxy-6-(nitrooxymethyl)oxan-4-yl] nitrate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[N+]([O-])=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@@H](CO[N+]([O-])=O)O1)O[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+](=O)[O-])[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO[N+]([O-])=O)O[C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[N+]([O-])=O FJWGYAHXMCUOOM-QHOUIDNNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZQMIGQNCOMNODD-UHFFFAOYSA-N diacetyl peroxide Chemical compound CC(=O)OOC(C)=O ZQMIGQNCOMNODD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000539 dimer Substances 0.000 description 2
- USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl ether Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OC1=CC=CC=C1 USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000019325 ethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920001249 ethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 2
- BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WLJVNTCWHIRURA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pimelic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCC(O)=O WLJVNTCWHIRURA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004631 polybutylene succinate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002961 polybutylene succinate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001610 polycaprolactone Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001592 potato starch Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007151 ring opening polymerisation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TYFQFVWCELRYAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N suberic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCC(O)=O TYFQFVWCELRYAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-crotonic acid Natural products CC=CC(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LWBHHRRTOZQPDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O LWBHHRRTOZQPDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FVQMJJQUGGVLEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy 2-ethylhexaneperoxoate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)C(=O)OOOC(C)(C)C FVQMJJQUGGVLEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QEQBMZQFDDDTPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy benzenecarboperoxoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 QEQBMZQFDDDTPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KDGNCLDCOVTOCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy propan-2-yl carbonate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)OOC(C)(C)C KDGNCLDCOVTOCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LNAZSHAWQACDHT-XIYTZBAFSA-N (2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-dimethoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-3-[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-trimethoxy-6-(methoxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6r)-4,5,6-trimethoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxane Chemical compound CO[C@@H]1[C@@H](OC)[C@H](OC)[C@@H](COC)O[C@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](OC)[C@@H](OC)[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](OC)[C@H](OC)O[C@@H]2COC)OC)O[C@@H]1COC LNAZSHAWQACDHT-XIYTZBAFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GGAUUQHSCNMCAU-ZXZARUISSA-N (2s,3r)-butane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C[C@H](C(O)=O)[C@H](C(O)=O)CC(O)=O GGAUUQHSCNMCAU-ZXZARUISSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KNDQHSIWLOJIGP-UMRXKNAASA-N (3ar,4s,7r,7as)-rel-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,7-methanoisobenzofuran-1,3-dione Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)[C@@H]2[C@H]1[C@]1([H])C=C[C@@]2([H])C1 KNDQHSIWLOJIGP-UMRXKNAASA-N 0.000 description 1
- OXYKVVLTXXXVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-chlorobenzoyl) 4-chlorobenzenecarboperoxoate Chemical compound C1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1C(=O)OOC(=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 OXYKVVLTXXXVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NOBYOEQUFMGXBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-tert-butylcyclohexyl) (4-tert-butylcyclohexyl)oxycarbonyloxy carbonate Chemical compound C1CC(C(C)(C)C)CCC1OC(=O)OOC(=O)OC1CCC(C(C)(C)C)CC1 NOBYOEQUFMGXBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RKDVKSZUMVYZHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione Chemical compound O=C1COC(=O)CO1 RKDVKSZUMVYZHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ALVZNPYWJMLXKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,9-Nonanediol Chemical compound OCCCCCCCCCO ALVZNPYWJMLXKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylsulfonylpiperidin-4-one Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)N1CCC(=O)CC1 RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FCHGUOSEXNGSMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-tert-butylperoxy-2,3-di(propan-2-yl)benzene Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=CC(OOC(C)(C)C)=C1C(C)C FCHGUOSEXNGSMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QFGCFKJIPBRJGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 12-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]-12-oxododecanoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QFGCFKJIPBRJGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZNHPPXDUJKXBNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-bis(tert-butylperoxy)hexane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(C)CCC(C)OOC(C)(C)C ZNHPPXDUJKXBNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-fluorophenyl)-1h-imidazole Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(C=2NC=CN=2)=C1 JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- TXBCBTDQIULDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[3-hydroxy-2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propoxy]methyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)COCC(CO)(CO)CO TXBCBTDQIULDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AYKYXWQEBUNJCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylfuran-2,5-dione Chemical compound CC1=CC(=O)OC1=O AYKYXWQEBUNJCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFNISBHGPNMTMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylideneoxolane-2,5-dione Chemical compound C=C1CC(=O)OC1=O OFNISBHGPNMTMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SXFJDZNJHVPHPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylpentane-1,5-diol Chemical compound OCCC(C)CCO SXFJDZNJHVPHPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FJPATRZRCOLKEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4-bis(carboxymethyl)cyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1(CC(O)=O)CCC(C(O)=O)CC1 FJPATRZRCOLKEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SJZRECIVHVDYJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-hydroxybutyric acid Chemical compound OCCCC(O)=O SJZRECIVHVDYJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- PHOJOSOUIAQEDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-hydroxypentanoic acid Chemical compound OCCCCC(O)=O PHOJOSOUIAQEDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- YJLYANLCNIKXMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methyldioctylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCN(C)CCCCCCCC YJLYANLCNIKXMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BELBBZDIHDAJOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenolsulfonephthalein Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1(C=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C2=CC=CC=C2S(=O)(=O)O1 BELBBZDIHDAJOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- SMEGJBVQLJJKKX-HOTMZDKISA-N [(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-5-acetyloxy-3,4,6-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)O)OC(=O)C)O)O SMEGJBVQLJJKKX-HOTMZDKISA-N 0.000 description 1
- ORLQHILJRHBSAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N [1-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexyl]methanol Chemical compound OCC1(CO)CCCCC1 ORLQHILJRHBSAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、生分解性を有する構成要素からなる複合材料組成物に関し、詳しくは該組成物を用いて成形加工する場合、加工性が高く、得られる成形品が機械的強度に優れると共に生分解性を有し、フィルムやシートをはじめトレイなどワンウェイ用途成形品、家具部材、建材、自動車や家電用品の内装材や外装材、ハウジング部材等に有効に利用することのできる複合樹脂組成物に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
セルロース、木材、デンプン等のバイオマス材料は熱可塑性が低く、とりわけそれらの粉末化されたものにあっては、それのみではボード、シートなどへの熱圧プラスチック成形を行うことは困難であった。
したがって、特に、莫大な量で存在する木粉などにあっては、家畜飼育用の敷わら・床敷き等の農業用資材・酪農業用資材や充填材等の付加価値の低い分野での利用に限られ、甚だしくは、全く利用されることなく焼却されているのが現状である。
【0003】
なお、木粉の場合、数年前までは、わが国でも活性炭としての利用があり、環境保全材としての利用等とのからみで有用視されたが、その加工度の低さから、現在では、東南アジアや中国で製造されたものの輸入増により、国産品は極端に減少している。
セルロース系の材料についても、古紙の有効利用が必ずしも進んでいるとはいえず、現在、問題となっているリサイクル法の充実及び発効期限(古紙、紙箱の場合、西暦2000年といわれている)との関係で、それらの活用のための新しい技術の開発が待たれている。
デンプンについては、その世界的な需要のバランスの現状から、或いは、デンプン供給量を増大させる余地のあるところから、食品用途以外での活用技術の新展開が希求されている。
【0004】
さらに、石油の使用に歯止めをかけ、植物資源や穀物を原料とする有機材料体系が近い将来に必要であるという考え方が現在芽生えつつあるが、その意味でも、基本的対応として、バイオマス材料の活用技術を足もとから着実に組み上げていくという問題意識を持つべきであろう。
そこで、バイオマス系材料の高度利用、或いは、量的利用について、種々の検討が進められてきた。その典型的具体例として、熱可塑性樹脂と木粉を溶融混練した成形材料を挙げることができる。
しかしながら、このような熱可塑性樹脂と木粉を溶融混練した成形材料については、従来の技術によったのでは、分散性、相溶性、木粉表面とマトリックス樹脂の接着性、さらには、機械的性質が充分でなかった。
【0005】
このような問題点に鑑み、本発明者らは、鋭意検討を推進した結果、変性樹脂をマトリックス樹脂として採用することにより、このような問題点を解決できることを見い出した。すなわち、本発明者等は、特開昭62−039642号に、変性ポリオレフイン、セルロース系材料、及び、特定のグラフト体を特定割合で配合してなる、機械的強度に著しく優れ、且つ、透明性、平滑性等も優れ、フィルム、シート、家具等の内装材に好適な複合樹脂組成物に関する技術を開示した。この技術の応用については、数多く検討されるようになり、木粉/熱可塑性樹脂複合混練物を押出成形した、耐久性が著しく高い人造木材が、住宅部材として効果的に使用されるようになった。
【0006】
これら技術は、木粉等のバイオマス材料を充填材として、汎用の熱可塑性樹脂(ポリプロピレン、ポリエチレン、ポリ塩化ビニル、ABS樹脂等)をマトリックス樹脂として使用しているので、高度の耐久性が求められる場合には、極めて有意義なものである。
しかしながら、場合により、これらの製品は、その使用を終えた後の最終的廃棄処理過程をも考慮に入れた場合、埋立時には、半永久的に環境に残存し、焼却時には、ダイオキシン等の有害物質を環境に排出する虞があった。
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明が解決しようとする課題の一つは、バイオマス材料の生分解性樹脂への分散性、生分解性樹脂とバイオマス材料との相溶性、バイオマス材料表面とマトリックス樹脂である生分解性樹脂の接着性、加工時の機械的性質と熱流動加工性が顕著に改善された、生分解性樹脂とバイオマス材料からなる分解性複合樹脂組成物、その製造方法及び該分解性複合樹脂組成物からなる成形材料を提供することにある。
【0008】
また、本発明が解決しようとする課題の一つは、製品の使用を終えた後の最終的廃棄処理過程をも考慮に入れた場合に、埋立時には、分解して環境に残存せず、焼却時には、ダイオキシン等の有害物質を環境に排出しない、生分解性樹脂とバイオマス材料からなる成形材料を提供することにある。
【0009】
さらに、本発明が解決しようとする課題の一つは、ディスポーザブル用途から、耐久材用途(例えば、建材、自動車の内装材・外装材、家電用品のハウジング等の部材等)まで利用しうる、製品の使用を終えた後の最終的廃棄処理過程をも考慮に入れた場合に、埋立時には、分解して環境に残存せず、焼却時には、ダイオキシン等の有害物質を環境に排出しない、生分解性樹脂とバイオマス材料からなる成形材料及びそれを成形してなる、成形加工品、人工木材、容器、フィルム、シート、トレイ、発泡体を提供することにある。
【0010】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、生分解性を有する木粉等のバイオマス材料と生分解性樹脂を複合化した組成物の開発を目的として鋭意研究を重ねた。その結果、不飽和カルボン酸又はその誘導体、脂肪族ポリヒドロキシカルボン酸繰り返し単位を有する脂肪族ポリエステルと、木粉、デンプンなどバイオマス系材料とを加熱、混練することにより、成型加工時の機械的強度と熱流動加工性に優れ、しかも生分解性を有する平滑性、光沢性に優れた成形品を与える複合樹脂組成物が得られることを見い出し、本発明を完成するに至った。
【0011】
すなわち、本発明の一つは、脂肪族ヒドロキシカルボン酸繰り返し単位を有する脂肪族ポリエステル樹脂(A成分)5−95重量%と、セルロース、リグノセルロース及びデンプンからなる群から選ばれた少なくとも一種のバイオマス材料(B成分)の混合物及びA成分100重量部に対して1−30重量部の不飽和カルボン酸又はその誘導体(C成分)をラジカル発生剤の存在下に、加熱、混練することからなる、複合樹脂組成物の製造方法である。
【0012】
また、本発明の一つは、脂肪族ヒドロキシカルボン酸繰り返し単位を有する脂肪族ポリエステル樹脂(A成分)5−95重量%と、セルロース、リグノセルロース及びデンプンからなる群から選ばれた少なくとも一種のバイオマス材料(B成分)95−5重量%の混合物及びA成分100重量部に対して1−30重量部の不飽和カルボン酸又はその誘導体(C成分)からなる複合樹脂組成物であって、A成分の少なくとも一部とB成分の少なくとも一部が、C成分を介して共有結合した物質を含む複合樹脂組成物である。
【0013】
また、本発明の一つは、脂肪族ヒドロキシカルボン酸繰り返し単位を有する脂肪族ポリエステル樹脂(A成分)100重量部及び不飽和カルボン酸又はその誘導体(C成分)1−30重量部を、溶媒の存在下又は非存在下、ラジカル発生剤の存在下に、加熱反応させて変性した脂肪族ヒドロキシカルボン酸繰り返し単位を有する脂肪族ポリエステル(D成分)を得、次いで、A成分0−95重量%を含むD成分との混合物(E成分)を5−95重量%含むE成分とセルロース、リグノセルロース及びデンプンからなる群から選ばれた少なくとも一種のバイオマス材料(B成分)との混合物を、加熱、混練することからなる、複合樹脂組成物の製造方法である。
【0014】
また、本発明の一つは、脂肪族ヒドロキシカルボン酸繰り返し単位を有する脂肪族ポリエステル樹脂(A成分)0−95重量%と、A成分100重量部に対して不飽和カルボン酸又はその誘導体(C成分)1−30重量部で変性された脂肪族ヒドロキシカルボン酸繰り返し単位を有する脂肪族ポリエステル樹脂(D成分)の混合物(E成分)、及びセルロース、リグノセルロース及びデンプンからなる群から選ばれた少なくとも一種のバイオマス材料(B成分)とからなる複合樹脂組成物であって、A成分の少なくとも一部とB成分の少なくとも一部が、C成分を介して共有結合した物質を含み、B成分及びD成分又はE成分中、B成分を5−95重量%む複合樹脂組成物である。
また、本発明の一つは、本発明の複合樹脂組成物からなる成形加工品、人工木材、容器、フィルム、シート、トレイ、発泡体である。
【0015】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の複合樹脂組成物は、ラジカル発生剤の存在下、脂肪族ヒドロキシカルボン酸繰り返し単位を有する脂肪族ポリエステル樹脂(A成分)、バイオマス材料(B成分)及び不飽和カルボン酸又はその誘導体(C成分)を一括して、加熱、混練して反応させるか(一段法)、又は、ラジカル発生剤の存在下、脂肪族ヒドロキシカルボン酸繰り返し単位を有する脂肪族ポリエステル樹脂(A成分)と不飽和カルボン酸又はその誘導体(C成分)を加熱反応させて変性した脂肪族ヒドロキシカルボン酸繰り返し単位を有する脂肪族ポリエステル樹脂(D成分)を得、次いで、該変性した脂肪族ヒドロキシカルボン酸繰り返し単位を有する脂肪族ポリエステル樹脂(D成分)又は必要に応じてD成分にA成分を加えた混合物とバイオマス材料成分(B成分)を加熱、混練すること(二段法)によって得られる。
【0016】
まず、本発明に使用される原材料について述べる。
本発明に使用される脂肪族ヒドロキシカルボン酸繰り返し単位を有する脂肪族ポリエステル樹脂(A成分)は、ポリマー中に脂肪族ヒドロキシカルボン酸繰り返し単位を含む脂肪族のホモポリエステル又はコポリエステル又はその混合物である。ポリマー中の脂肪族ヒドロキシカルボン酸繰り返し単位の量は特に限定されないが、好ましくは50重量%以上である。また、脂肪族ヒドロキシカルボン酸繰り返し単位を有する脂肪族ポリエステル樹脂(A成分)がコポリマーである場合、その配列様式は、ランダム共重合体、交替共重合体、ブロック共重合体、グラフト共重合体等のいずれでもよい。すなわち、脂肪族ヒドロキシカルボン酸繰り返し単位を有する脂肪族ポリエステル樹脂(A成分)は、以下の脂肪族ポリエステルを包含する。
【0017】
1)脂肪族ヒドロキシカルボン酸ホモポリマー、例えば、ポリ乳酸又はポリ−ε−カプロラクトン。
2)脂肪族ヒドロキシカルボン酸と他の脂肪族ヒドロキシカルボン酸のコポリマー、例えば、ポリ乳酸とポリ−ε−カプロラクトンのブロックコポリマー、乳酸とグリコール酸のランダムコポリマー。
3)脂肪族ヒドロキシカルボン酸、脂肪族多価アルコール及び脂肪族多価カルボン酸又はその無水物とのコポリマー、例えば、ポリ乳酸とポリブチレンサクシネーとのブロックコポリマー、乳酸、こはく酸及びエチレングリコールのランダムコポリマー。
4)脂肪族ヒドロキシカルボン酸と脂肪族多価アルコール、脂肪族多価カルボン酸又は多糖類を核としたスターポリマー及び該スターポリマーを脂肪族多価アルコール又は脂肪族多価カルボン酸で連結したポリマー、例えば、グリセリン、ペンタエリスリトール、1,2,3,4−ブタンテトラカルボン酸又はエチルセルロースを核としてポリ乳酸を側鎖とするスターポリマー及び該スターポリマーを、ペンタエリスリトール又は1,2,3,4−ブタンテトラカルボン酸で連結したポリマー。
【0018】
本発明で使用する脂肪族ヒドロキシカルボン酸繰り返し単位を有する脂肪族ポリエステル樹脂(A成分)の原料である脂肪族ヒドロキシカルボン酸類は、特に限定されない。本発明で使用する脂肪族ヒドロキシカルボン酸繰り返し単位を有する脂肪族ポリエステル樹脂成分(A成分)の原料である脂肪族ヒドロキシカルボン酸は、具体例として、例えば、グリコール酸、乳酸、3−ヒドロキシ酪酸、4−ヒドロキシ酪酸、4−ヒドロキシ吉草酸、5−ヒドロキシ吉草酸、6−ヒドロキシカプロン酸を包含し、さらに、脂肪族ヒドロキシカルボン酸の環状エステル、例えば、グリコール酸の二量体であるグリコライドや、乳酸の二量体であるラクタイド、6−ヒドロキシカプロン酸の環状エステルであるε−カプロラクトンを包含する。これらは、必要に応じて二種類以上混合使用してもよい。脂肪族ヒドロキシカルボン酸が、不斉炭素を有する場合、D体、L体、それぞれ単独であってもよいし、D体、L体の混合物、すなわちラセミ体であってもよい。
【0019】
本発明で使用する脂肪族ヒドロキシカルボン酸繰り返し単位を有する脂肪族ポリエステル樹脂(A成分)の原料である脂肪族多価カルボン酸又はその無水物は、特に限定されない。本発明で使用する脂肪族ヒドロキシカルボン酸繰り返し単位を有する脂肪族ポリエステル樹脂(A成分)の原料である脂肪族多価カルボン酸又はその無水物の具体例としては、例えば、シュウ酸、コハク酸、マロン酸、グルタル酸、アジピン酸、ピメリン酸、スベリン酸、アゼライン酸、セバシン酸、ウンデカン二酸、ドデカン二酸等の脂肪族ジカルボン酸等、1,2,3,4−ブタンテラカルボン酸、1,2,3,4,5,6−シクロヘキサンヘキサカルボン酸、1,2,3,4−シクロペンタンテトラカルボン酸、テトラヒドロフラン−2R,3T,4T,5C−テトラカルボン酸、1,2,3,4−シクロブタンテトラカルボン酸、4−カルボキシ−1,1−シクロヘキサンジ酢酸、1,3,5−シクロヘキサントリカルボン酸、1,3,5−トリメチル−1,3,5−シクロヘキサントリカルボン酸、(1α,3α,5β)−1,3,5−トリメチル−1,3,5−シクロヘキサントリカルボン酸等の3官能以上の脂肪族又は脂環式多価カルボン酸類、又はその無水物を包含する。これらの脂肪族多価カルボン酸又はその無水物は、必要に応じて、二種類以上混合使用してもよい。また、これらの脂肪族多価カルボン酸又はその無水物が、分子内に不斉炭素を有する場合は、D体、L体、それぞれ、単独であってもよいし、D体、L体の混合物、すなわち、ラセミ体でもよい。
【0020】
本発明で使用する脂肪族ヒドロキシカルボン酸繰り返し単位を有する脂肪族ポリエステル樹脂(A成分)の原料である脂肪族多価アルコールは、特に限定されない。本発明で使用する脂肪族ヒドロキシカルボン酸繰り返し単位を有する脂肪族ポリエステル樹脂(A成分)の原料である脂肪族多価アルコールの具体例としては、例えば、エチレングリコール、ジエチレングリコール、トリエチレングリコール、ポリエチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール、ジプロピレングリコール、1,3−ブタンジオール、1,4−ブタンジオール、3−メチル−1,5−ペンタンジオール、1,6−ヘキサンジオール、1,9−ノナンジオール、ネオペンチルグリコール、ポリテトラメチレングリコール、1, 4−ヘキサンジオール、シクロヘキサンジメタノール、水添ビスフェノールA等のジオール類、グリセリン、ペンタエリスリトール、ジペンタエリスリトール、トリメチロールエタン、トリメチロールプロパン、イノシトール等3官能以上のポリオール類を包含し、また、セルロース、硝酸セルロース、アセチルセルロース、メチルセルロース、エチルセルロース、カルボキシメチルセルロース、ニトロセルロース;セロハン、ビスコースレーヨン及びキュプラ等の再生セルロース、ヘミセルロース、デンプン、アミロペクチン、デキストリン、デキストラン、グリコーゲン、ペクチン、キチン、キトサン、又はそれらの誘導体等の多糖類をも包含する。これらの脂肪族多価アルコールは、必要に応じて、二種類以上混合使用してもよい。また、これらの脂肪族多価アルコールが、分子内に不斉炭素を有する場合は、D体、L体、それぞれ、単独であってもよいし、D体、L体の混合物、すなわち、ラセミ体でもよい。
【0021】
本発明に用いられる脂肪族ヒドロキシカルボン酸繰り返し単位を有する脂肪族ポリエステル樹脂(A成分)として、上記の種々の脂肪族のホモポリエステル又は脂肪族コポリエステルが使用されるが、ポリエステル中に乳酸繰り返し単位を有するものが好ましい。また、ポリマー中に乳酸繰り返し単位が50重量%以上含むものがより好ましい。
【0022】
本発明に好ましく用いられる乳酸繰り返し単位を有する脂肪族ポリエステル樹脂成分として好ましい具体例は、ポリ乳酸、乳酸と6−ヒドロキシカカプロン酸のランダム又はブロックコポリマー、ポリ乳酸とポリブチレンサクシネートのブロックコポリマー、ペンタエリスリトール又は1,2,3,4−ブタンテトラカルボン酸又はエチルセルロースを核としてポリ乳酸を側鎖とするスターポリマー及び該スターポリマーを、ペンタエリスリトール又は1,2,3,4−ブタンテトラカルボン酸で連結したポリマーを包含する。
【0023】
本発明に使用される脂肪族ヒドロキシカルボン酸繰り返し単位を有する脂肪族ポリエステル樹脂(A成分)の製造方法は特に限定されず、公知の方法、例えば、直接脱水縮合法、開環重合法等によって製造することができる。
例えば、開環重合によらず、直接脱水重縮合により脂肪族ヒドロキシカルボン酸ホモポリマー又はコポリマーを製造する場合には、米国特許5,310,865号に開示されているように、乳酸と、必要に応じて、他の脂肪族ヒドロキシカルボン酸を、好ましくは、有機溶媒、特にジフェニルエーテル系溶媒の存在下で、共沸脱水縮合し、特に好ましくは、共沸により留出した溶媒から水を除き、実質的に無水の状態にした溶媒を反応系に戻す方法によって重合することにより、本発明における使用に適した脂肪族ヒドロキシカルボン酸ホモポリマー又はコポリマーが得られる。また、脂肪族ヒドロキシカルボン酸繰り返し単位を有する脂肪族ポリエステル樹脂(A成分)の製造に際し、適当な分子量調節剤、分岐剤、その他の改質剤などの添加は差し支えない。
【0024】
本発明に使用される脂肪族ヒドロキシカルボン酸繰り返し単位を有する脂肪族ポリエステル樹脂(A成分)の分子量及び分子量分布については、特に制限されないが、熱的、機械的物性面からは、重量平均分子量(Mw)が、30,000以上であるものが好ましく、50,000−1,000,000であるものが特に好ましい。
【0025】
本発明において使用するバイオマス材料(B成分)は、セルロース、リグノセルロース及びデンプンから選ばれた少なくとも一つである。
セルロースとしては、木材パルプをアルカリ処理し、機械的に細断したアルファ繊維フロックや綿実から得られるコットンリンター、コットンフロック、人絹を細断した人絹フロック等を挙げることができる。
リグノセルロースとしては、リグノセルロース系繊維、リグノセルロース系粉末が挙げられ、具体的には、木材パルプ、リファイナー・グラフト・パルプ(RGP)、製紙パルプ、故紙、粉砕処理した木片、木粉、果実殻粉等を例示することができる。
これらセルロース、リグノセルロース系材料の形状には、特に制限はなく、繊維状、粉末状のものが使用できる。
【0026】
木粉の具体例としては、例えば、松、モミ、ポプラ、竹、バガス、オイルパーム樹幹等の粉砕物や鋸屑、カンナ屑などがあり、果実殻粉としては、クルミ、ピーナッツ、ヤシ等の果実の粉砕物がある。なお、木粉を用いる場合には、できるだけ微粉化して繊維同志の絡み合いをなくしたものが好ましいが、作業の煩雑さ、経済性を考慮すると、通常20〜400メッシュ程度のものが用いられる。
これらの中でも特にRGPや木粉を用いることが好ましい。RGPを用いる場合には、乾式解繊等を用い、繊維同志の絡みをほぐしたものを用いることが好ましい。
【0027】
デンプンの具体例としては、例えば、コーンデンプン、馬鈴薯デンプン、芋デンプン、タピオカデンプン及びそれらの軽度アセチル化物などを広く用いることができる。デンプンは、通常、顆粒状で得られるが、これらをそのまま用いることができる。
【0028】
本発明に使用される不飽和カルボン酸又はその誘導体(C)は、例えば、マレイン酸、無水マレイン酸、無水ナジック酸、イタコン酸、無水イタコン酸、シトラコン酸、無水シトラコン酸、クロトン酸、イソクロトン酸、メサコン酸、アンゲリカ酸、ソルビン酸、アクリル酸等が好ましく、特に、無水マレイン酸が好ましい。また、不飽和カルボン酸の誘導体としては、上記不飽和カルボン酸の金属塩、アミド、イミド、エステル等を使用することができる。これら不飽和カルボン酸又は無水物は、二種以上混合して使用することができる
【0029】
本発明において使用されるラジカル発生剤は、脂肪族ヒドロキシカルボン酸繰り返し単位を有する脂肪族ポリエステル樹脂成分(A成分)と不飽和カルボン酸又はその誘導体(C)との反応を促進するものであれ、特に制限されず、例えば、ベンゾイルパーオキサイド、ラウロイルパーオキサイド、クメンパーオキサイド、α,α’−ビス(t−ブチルパーオキシジイソプロピル)ベンゼン、ジ−t−ブチルパーオキサイド、2,5−ジ(t−ブチルパーオキシ)ヘキサン、p−クロロベンゾイルパーオキサイド、アセチルパーオキサイド、1,1−t−ブチルパーオキシ−3,3,5−トリメチルシクロヘキサン、t−ブチルパーオキシピバレート、t−ブチルパーオキシ−2−エチルヘキサノエート、t−ブチルパーオキシベンゾエート、ビス(4−t−ブチルシクロヘキシル)パーオキシジカーボネート、ジイソプロピルパーオキシジカーボネート、t−ブチルパーオキシイソプロピルカーボネートなどの過酸化物、及びアゾビスイソブチロニトリル等のアゾ化合物等を好適に使用することができる。
【0030】
次いで、本発明の複合樹脂組成物の製造方法の実施の形態について、詳細に述べる、
本発明の製造方法の一つは、ラジカル発生剤の存在下、脂肪族ヒドロキシカルボン酸繰り返し単位を有する脂肪族ポリエステル樹脂成分(A成分)、バイオマス材料成分(B成分)及び不飽和カルボン酸又はその誘導体(C成分)を一括して、加熱、混練する方法(一段法)である。
【0031】
ここで、A成分とB成分との割合は、A成分とB成分中A成分5−95重量%、好ましくは10−90重量%を含有する。ここで、A成分の割合が95重量%を超えると、B成分の割合が少なくなりすぎ、B成分による補強効果が低下し、好ましくない。一方、通常、A成分の割合が5重量%未満であると、B成分の割合が多くなりすぎて、強度に問題のある成形物が得られたり、透明性、光沢に劣るものなど問題の多い成形物が得られるので好ましくない。
【0032】
また、C成分の量は、A成分100重量部に対して、1重量部以上であり、好ましくは、A成分100重量部に対して1−30重量部である。A成分の量が1重量部より少ないと、C成分を介してA成分とB成分が共有結合した物質が得られないか、得られたとしても十分な量ではなく、成形物に加工した場合、成形物に期待した機械的強度、熱流動加工性等が得られない。また、A成分の量が30重量部を越えたとき、より以上の機械的強度が得られず、かえって脆くなる傾向がある。
また、ラジカル発生剤の量には特に制限はなく、A成分100重量部に対して、0.01−1重量部である。
【0033】
本発明の製造方法において、加熱、混練する方法は、従来公知の方法、例えば、バンバリーミキサー、ヘンシェルミキサー等の混合機や、複数のロールを備えたロールミル、ニーダー、各種押出機(エクストルーダー)を用い、A成分の融点以上の温度、好ましくは140−240℃、より好ましくは、160−200℃の温度にて、5−50分間、好ましくは、10−30分間行なう。B成分が焼け焦げるほどの高い温度は避けるべきである。また、この際のニーダー等の回転数は、通常、30−200rpm、好ましくは50−150rpmである。
【0034】
なお、加熱、混練に際しては、上記の成分を加える順序は、特に制限されない。一般には、A成分が溶融された状態のところへ、B成分及びC成分が加えられることが好ましい。
また、この加熱、混練に際しては、系外から水分や酸素(空気)が入らないように、不活性ガス雰囲気下で行うことが好ましく、不活性ガスで置換しながら、又は、不活性ガスでバブリングしながら行ってもよい。
【0035】
本発明のもう一つの製造方法は、ラジカル発生剤の存在下、溶媒の存在下又は非存在下、脂肪族ヒドロキシカルボン酸繰り返し単位を有する脂肪族ポリエステル樹脂(A成分)と不飽和カルボン酸又はその誘導体(C成分)を加熱反応させて変性した脂肪族ヒドロキシカルボン酸繰り返し単位を有する脂肪族ポリエステル樹脂(D成分)を得、次いで、該変性した脂肪族ヒドロキシカルボン酸繰り返し単位を有する脂肪族ポリエステル樹脂(D成分)又はこれに脂肪族ヒドロキシカルボン酸繰り返し単位を有する脂肪族ポリエステル樹脂(A成分)を加えたものとバイオマス材料(B成分)を加熱、混練する方法である(二段法)。
【0036】
この場合、A成分に対するC成分の量、ラジカル発生剤の量は、上述の一段法と同じである。A成分とC成分を反応させる方法も上述の加熱、混練方法と同じ方法で行うことができる。また、A成分とC成分を溶媒の存在下に反応させることもできる。この場合、A成分を溶解する高沸点の溶媒を用いることが好ましい。反応温度は、140−240℃、好ましくは160−200℃であり、反応時間は、1−5時間である。反応終了後、溶媒を蒸留したり、再沈等の公知の方法により除去してD成分を得る。
変性した脂肪族ヒドロキシカルボン酸繰り返し単位を有する脂肪族ポリエステル樹脂(D成分)中のC成分の付加量は、0.1−15重量%、好ましくは、0.5−10重量%である。
【0037】
得られたD成分はそのままB成分と加熱、混練してもよいが、B成分とD成分の混合比を考慮して、必要に応じ、D成分を未変性のA成分により希釈した混合物(E成分)を用いてもよい。すなわち、A成分を0−95重量%を含むD成分とA成分の混合物(E成分)を用いいてもよい。D成分又はE成分とB成分を加熱、混練する方法もまた、上記一段方法と同じ方法で行うことができる。
この場合、D成分又はE成分とB成分との割合はD成分又はE成分5−95重量%、好ましくは10−90重量%である。ここで、D成分又はE成分の割合が95重量%を超えると、B成分の割合が少なくなりすぎ、B成分による補強効果が低下し、好ましくない。一方、通常、D成分又はE成分の割合が5重量%未満であると、B成分の割合が多くなりすぎて、強度に問題のある成形物が得られたり、透明性、光沢に劣るものなど問題の多い成形物が得られるので好ましくない。
【0038】
本発明の複合樹脂組成物の製造方法及び後述する各種成形方法において、必要に応じて適宜滑剤、酸化防止剤、着色剤、帯電防止剤、可塑剤などの各種添加剤を加えることができる。
【0039】
このようにして得られた複合樹脂組成物は、成型加工時の機械的強度、熱流動加工性に優れ、しかも生分解性を有する平滑性、光沢性に優れた成形品を与える。
本発明の複合樹脂組成物は、脂肪族ヒドロキシカルボン酸繰り返し単位を有する脂肪族ポリエステル樹脂(A成分)の少なくとも一部と、バイオマス材料(B成分)の少なくとも一部が、不飽和カルボン酸又はその誘導体(C成分)を介して共有結合した物質を含む。このA成分とB成分がC成分を介して共有結合した物質の存在が、上記種々の特性をもたらし、特に、本発明の複合樹脂組成物を成形物に加工した場合の、引張強度の増強や熱流動加工性の改善に寄与する。
【0040】
本発明の複合樹脂組成物は、加圧成形、フィルム成形、真空成形、押出成形、射出成形等の手段により、適宜、所望の形状に成形して各種成形品を製造することができる。
従って、本発明に係る複合樹脂組成物の産業上利用性は、極めて高い。すなわち、本発明によれば、各種特性に優れ、製品の使用を終えた後の最終的廃棄処理過程をも考慮に入れた場合、埋立時には、分解して環境に残存せず、焼却時には、有害物質を環境に排出しない、成形加工品、人工木材、容器、フィルム、シート、トレイ、発泡体を提供することができる。
【0041】
本発明に係る複合樹脂組成物により、引張強度、引張破断伸長率、引張弾性率等の機械的強度に優れた、成形加工品、人工木材、容器、フィルム、シート、トレイ、発泡体を提供することができる。
本発明に係る複合樹脂組成物は、各種のフィルム・シート材料、ディスポーザブル成形加工品(例えば、容器、パイプ、角材、棒材、人工木材、トレイ、コンクリート・パネル、発泡体等)、家具、建材、自動車用内装材・外装材、家電製品の筐体・ハウジング、土木建築資材、農業・酪農業・水産業用資材、リクリエーション用資材、スポーツ用資材等の素材として有効に用いることができる。
このように、これまで利用付加価値の低かったバイオマス材料を高度利用できるのみならず、強度特性に優れ、しかも、生分解性を備えた複合樹脂組成物を、工業的に容易、かつ、相対的に安価に提供することができる。
【0042】
【実施例】
以下に本発明における実施例を記載するが、本発明は以下に記載する方法及び装置に限定されるものではない。
この実施例で用いられた物性値測定法は、以下のとおりである。
1)引張強度(破断)、引張破断伸度、引張弾性率
JISK−6732による。
2)溶融粘度、流動温度
フローテスターCFT−Cによって測定された。
【0043】
実施例1−10
粉末状ポリ乳酸(PLA、三井化学株式会社製、重量平均分子量130,000)23部、無水マレイン酸2.3部及びジクミルパーオキサイド0.08重量部を、ビーカーに秤り取り、よく混ぜ合わせた後、160℃に調温され、30rpmで攪拌ブレードが互いに逆方向に回転している東洋精機株式会社製ラボ・プラストミルの30ml容混練ダイ中に、すばやく全量を投入した。投入後、直ちに、攪拌ブレード回転数を70rpmに上げ、160℃で、15分間混練反応した。反応終了後、直ちに、内容物を取り出し、冷却した。充分冷却後、プラスチック粉砕機で粉末状にし、以後の実験に、無水マレイン酸変性ポリ乳酸(MPLA−1)として共試した。
得られたMPLA−1を、クロロホルムに溶解、大過剰のn−ペンタン中に投入沈澱させるという操作、及び、その後の濾集、乾燥により精製した上で、滴定により、PLAへの無水マレイン酸付加量を滴定により測定したところ、1.1重量%であった。
【0044】
なお、この滴定は次のように行った。すなわち、MPLA−1試料0.2gを精製し、クロロホルム:エタノール=1:1容比の混液50mlに溶かした。指示薬としては、ブロムチモールブルー:フェノールレッド=1:1の混合指示薬を用い、0.1規定の苛性ソーダエタノール溶液で滴定し、黄色から薄い紫色となったところを終点とした。滴定は5回行い、その平均値をとった。無水マレイン酸の付加率は、精製したMPLA−1試料の重量をW0 、滴定によって求めた試料中の無水マレイン酸の重量をW1 として、次式により求めた。
マレイン酸付加量(%)=W1/W0×100
【0045】
ついで、表1(表1)に示した所定割合で、上記により調製したMPLA−1、未変性粉末状ポリ乳酸、及び、200メッシュパス木粉(セルロシン)を、総計26gビーカーに秤り取り、スパーテルでよく混ぜ合わせた後、180℃に調温され、攪拌ブレードが30rpmで互いに逆方向に回転しているラボプラストミル(東洋精機株式会社製)中に、5分間をかけて投入し、引続き、同条件で、15分間混練を行った。
次いで、得られた混練物を、200℃で、0.5分間をかけて加圧成形して、0.4mmの厚みのフィルムを調製した。このフィルムより、80mm×5mmの短冊形試料片を作り、力学特性(引張強度特性)と熱流動特性の評価を行った。結果を表2(表2)示す。
【0046】
比較例1
粉末状ポリ乳酸(PLA;三井化学株式会社製、重量平均分子量130,000)と200メッシュパス木粉(セルロシン)とを、13.0gずつビーカーに秤り取り、スパーテルでよく混ぜ合わせた後、180℃に調温され、攪拌ブレードが30rpmの回転数で互いに逆方向に回転しているラボプラストミル(東洋精機株式会社製)中に5分間をかけて投入し、引き続き、同条件で15分間混練を行った。
次いで、得られた混練物を、200℃で、0.5分間をかけて加圧成形して、0.4mmの厚みのフィルムを調製した。このフィルムより、80mm×5mmの短冊形試料片を作り、力学特性(引張強度特性)、熱流動特性の評価を行った。結果を表2(表2)に示す。
【0047】
【表1】
【0048】
【表2】
【0049】
実施例11−19
実施例1−10において、B成分である200メッシュパス木粉(セルロシン)の代わりに、コーンデンプンを用いたこと以外は、実施例1−10と同様に行った。結果を表3(表4)と表4(表4)に示す。
【0050】
実施例20
無水マレイン酸の添加量を4.6重量部、及びジクミルパーオキサイド量を0.1重量部とする以外、実施例1と同様に反応を行い、変性PLA(MPLA−2)を得た。実施例1とどうようにして精製後、滴定により求めたマレイン酸付加率は、1.3%であった。
実施例10において、B成分である200メッシュパス木粉の代わりに、コーンデンプンを用い、また、MPLA−1の代わりに、MPLA−2を用いること以外は、実施例10と同様に行った。結果を表3(表3)と表4(表4)に示す。
【0051】
比較例2
比較例1において、B成分である200メッシュパス木粉(セルロシン)の代わりに、コーンデンプンを用いたこと以外は、比較例1と同様に行った。結果を表3(表3)と表4(表4)に示す。
【0052】
【表3】
【0053】
【表4】
【0054】
実施例21−24
実施例1−10において、B成分である200メッシュパス木粉(セルロシン)の代わりに、セルロース微粉末(ワットマンCF11)を用いたこと以外は、実施1−10と同様に行った。結果を表5(表5)と表6(表6)に示す。
【0055】
比較例3
比較例1において、B成分である200メッシュパス木粉(セルロシン)の代わりに、セルロース微粉末(ワットマンCF11)を用いたこと以外は、比較例1と同様に行った。結果を表5(表5)と表6(表6)に示す。
【0056】
【表5】
【0057】
【表6】
【0058】
実施例25−27
表7(表7)に示した所定割合で、粉末状ポリ乳酸(PLA;三井化学株式会社製、重量平均分子量130,000)(A成分)、セルロース微粉末(B成分)、無水マレイン酸(C成分)及びジクミルパーオキサイド(X成分)を総計26gビーカーに計り取り、スパーテルでよく混ぜあわせた後、180℃に調温された実施例1と同様のラボプラストミル中に、5分間かけて投入し、引き続き同条件で15分間混練した。
次いで、得られた混練物を、実施例1と同様の方法で加圧成形して0.4mmの厚みのフィルムを調製した。このフィルムより、80mm×5mmの短冊形試料片を作り、力学特性(引張強度特性)、熱流動特性の評価を行った。結果を表7(表7)と表8(表8)に示す。
【0059】
【表7】
【0060】
【表8】
【0061】
実施例1−10と比較例1とを比較すると、まず、未変性ポリ乳酸の一部を、無水マレイン酸変性ポリ乳酸で置き換えると、最終的に得られる成形フィルムの引張強度が、最高で1.7倍になっている。しかも、未変性ポリ乳酸の20%を、無水マレイン酸変性ポリ乳酸で置き換えるだけで、そのレベルの引張強度増強効果が得られることは驚くべきことである。これらの知見は、無水マレイン酸変性ポリ乳酸が、反応性相溶化剤として機能していることを強く示唆している。
すなわち、無水マレイン酸変性ポリ乳酸のマレロイル基と木粉表面の水酸基とが、180℃で20分間、混練するうちに反応し、エステル結合により、木粉表面にマレイン酸を介してポリ乳酸がグラフトされ、最終成形物中での木粉充填剤とマトリックス樹脂ポリ乳酸(未変性、変性)との界面の接着性を高めていることを示唆している。その際、熱流動加工性は損なわれず、むしろ、加工性の高いものとなっている。
【0062】
また、実施例11−20と比較例2とを比較すると、比較例2における未変性ポリ乳酸のみをマトリックス樹脂とした場合と比較し、未変性ポリ乳酸の一部を、無水マレイン酸変性ポリ乳酸で置き換えると、最終的に得られる成形フィルムの強度が顕著に高くなり、最高で1.49倍になっている。
【0063】
実施例1−20と比較例1、2とを比較すると、E成分のマトリックス樹脂中の無水マレイン酸変性ポリ乳酸(D成分)の含有量が増加するほど、溶融粘度が小さくなっている。
E成分のマトリックス樹脂中に変性ポリ乳酸(D成分)が加わると、加工性の高い複合体となり、加工性の程度は、変性ポリ乳酸含量が高まるほど大きくなっている。D成分のマトリックス樹脂中に変性ポリ乳酸が加わると、B成分の充填剤の分散性も改善されている。
これら結果は、前述したように、無水マレイン酸変性ポリ乳酸が、反応性相溶化剤として挙動するという考察を、さらに強く裏付けているものと考えられる。
【0064】
また、表7、表8の評価結果から明らかなように、粉末状ポリ乳酸(A成分)、セルロース微粉末(B成分)、無水マレイン酸(C成分)を、ラジカル開始剤の存在下に加熱、混練することにより、引張強度の高い成形物を得ることができる。この結果もまた、A成分とB成分がC成分を介して共有結合を有していることを裏付けている。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a composite material composition comprising components having biodegradability. Specifically, when molding is performed using the composition, the processability is high, and the resulting molded product has excellent mechanical strength and biodegradation. The present invention relates to a composite resin composition that can be effectively used for one-way-use molded products such as trays including films and sheets, furniture members, building materials, automobiles and home appliances, and housing members.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Biomass materials such as cellulose, wood, starch and the like have low thermoplasticity, and it has been difficult to perform hot-press plastic molding to boards, sheets, etc. by themselves, especially those powdered.
Therefore, especially in the case of wood flour, etc., present in enormous amounts, it is used in fields with low added value, such as agricultural materials such as straw and flooring for livestock rearing, dairy materials and fillers. However, it is currently incinerated without being used at all.
[0003]
In the case of wood flour, until several years ago, it was used as activated carbon in Japan, and it was considered useful in terms of its use as an environmental protection material, but due to its low processing level, Domestic products are drastically decreasing due to an increase in imports of products manufactured in Southeast Asia and China.
Effective use of waste paper is not necessarily progressing with cellulosic materials as well, and now the recycling law is in effect and the expiration date (in the case of waste paper and paper boxes is said to be 2000) Therefore, the development of new technologies for their use is awaited.
As for starch, there is a demand for new development of utilization techniques other than food applications, either from the current balance of global demand or from room for increasing the amount of starch supplied.
[0004]
In addition, the idea that an organic material system that uses plant resources and grains as a raw material is now emerging in the near future, but in that sense as well, the use of biomass materials is a fundamental measure. You should have the awareness of the problem of steadily assembling technology from the ground up.
Thus, various studies have been made on advanced use or quantitative use of biomass materials. A typical example is a molding material obtained by melt-kneading a thermoplastic resin and wood powder.
However, with regard to molding materials in which such thermoplastic resin and wood powder are melt-kneaded, according to conventional techniques, dispersibility, compatibility, adhesion between the wood powder surface and the matrix resin, and mechanical The property was not sufficient.
[0005]
In view of such problems, the present inventors have intensively studied and found that such problems can be solved by employing a modified resin as a matrix resin. That is, the inventors of the present invention have remarkably excellent mechanical strength and transparency obtained by blending a modified polyolefin, a cellulose-based material, and a specific graft in a specific ratio in JP-A No. 62-039642. Also disclosed is a technology relating to a composite resin composition which is excellent in smoothness and suitable for interior materials such as films, sheets and furniture. Many applications of this technology have been studied, and artificial wood with extremely high durability obtained by extruding a wood powder / thermoplastic resin composite kneaded material has been used effectively as a housing member. It was.
[0006]
Since these technologies use biomass materials such as wood flour as fillers and general-purpose thermoplastic resins (polypropylene, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, ABS resins, etc.) as matrix resins, they require high durability. In some cases, it is extremely meaningful.
However, in some cases, these products remain in the environment semi-permanently at the time of landfill, taking into account the final disposal process after their use, and harmful substances such as dioxin are incinerated at the time of incineration. There was a risk of discharge to the environment.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
One of the problems to be solved by the present invention is the dispersibility of the biomass material into the biodegradable resin, the compatibility between the biodegradable resin and the biomass material, and the biodegradable resin that is the surface of the biomass material and the matrix resin. Decomposable composite resin composition comprising a biodegradable resin and a biomass material, which has significantly improved adhesiveness, mechanical properties during processing, and heat flow processability, its production method and the decomposable composite resin composition It is to provide a molding material.
[0008]
In addition, one of the problems to be solved by the present invention is that when the final disposal process after the use of the product is taken into consideration, it is decomposed at the time of landfill and does not remain in the environment and is incinerated. Sometimes, it is to provide a molding material made of biodegradable resin and biomass material that does not discharge harmful substances such as dioxin to the environment.
[0009]
Furthermore, one of the problems to be solved by the present invention is a product that can be used from a disposable application to a durable material application (for example, a building material, an interior / exterior material of an automobile, a member such as a housing of a household appliance). Biodegradability, taking into account the final disposal process after the use of wastewater, does not decompose and remain in the environment at the time of landfill, and does not discharge dioxin or other harmful substances to the environment when incinerated The object is to provide a molding material composed of a resin and a biomass material and a molded product, artificial wood, container, film, sheet, tray, and foam formed by molding the molding material.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The inventors of the present invention have made extensive studies for the purpose of developing a composition in which a biodegradable resin and a biomass material such as wood powder having biodegradability are combined. As a result, mechanical strength at the time of molding processing is obtained by heating and kneading unsaturated carboxylic acid or its derivative, aliphatic polyester having an aliphatic polyhydroxycarboxylic acid repeating unit, and biomass materials such as wood flour and starch. The present inventors have found that a composite resin composition can be obtained that gives a molded article excellent in heat fluid processability, biodegradability, and smoothness and glossiness.
[0011]
That is, one of the present invention is at least one kind of biomass selected from the group consisting of 5-95% by weight of an aliphatic polyester resin (component A) having an aliphatic hydroxycarboxylic acid repeating unit and cellulose, lignocellulose and starch. It consists of heating and kneading 1-30 parts by weight of an unsaturated carboxylic acid or derivative thereof (C component) in the presence of a radical generator with respect to 100 parts by weight of the mixture of the material (component B). It is a manufacturing method of a composite resin composition.
[0012]
One of the present invention is at least one kind of biomass selected from the group consisting of 5-95% by weight of an aliphatic polyester resin (component A) having an aliphatic hydroxycarboxylic acid repeating unit, and cellulose, lignocellulose, and starch. A composite resin composition comprising 95 to 5% by weight of a material (component B) and 1 to 30 parts by weight of an unsaturated carboxylic acid or derivative thereof (component C) based on 100 parts by weight of component A, Is a composite resin composition comprising a substance in which at least a part of B and at least a part of B component are covalently bonded via C component.
[0013]
One of the present invention is that 100 parts by weight of an aliphatic polyester resin (component A) having an aliphatic hydroxycarboxylic acid repeating unit and 1-30 parts by weight of an unsaturated carboxylic acid or derivative thereof (component C) are added as solvent. In the presence or absence, in the presence of a radical generator, an aliphatic polyester (D component) having a modified aliphatic hydroxycarboxylic acid repeating unit is obtained by heat reaction to obtain an A component of 0 to 95% by weight. Heating and kneading a mixture of E component containing 5-95% by weight of a mixture with D component (E component) and at least one biomass material (B component) selected from the group consisting of cellulose, lignocellulose and starch This is a method for producing a composite resin composition.
[0014]
In addition, one of the present invention is an aliphatic polyester resin having an aliphatic hydroxycarboxylic acid repeating unit (component A) 0 to 95% by weight and an unsaturated carboxylic acid or a derivative thereof (C) based on 100 parts by weight of the component A. Component) At least selected from the group consisting of a mixture (E component) of an aliphatic polyester resin (D component) having an aliphatic hydroxycarboxylic acid repeating unit modified with 1 to 30 parts by weight, and cellulose, lignocellulose and starch A composite resin composition comprising a kind of biomass material (B component), wherein the B component and the D component include a substance in which at least a part of the A component and at least a part of the B component are covalently bonded via the C component. It is a composite resin composition containing 5 to 95% by weight of component B in component or component E.
In addition, one of the present invention is a molded product, artificial wood, container, film, sheet, tray, and foam made of the composite resin composition of the present invention.
[0015]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The composite resin composition of the present invention comprises an aliphatic polyester resin (A component) having an aliphatic hydroxycarboxylic acid repeating unit, a biomass material (B component), an unsaturated carboxylic acid or a derivative thereof (C) in the presence of a radical generator. Ingredients) are heated, kneaded and reacted (one-step method), or in the presence of a radical generator, an aliphatic polyester resin having an aliphatic hydroxycarboxylic acid repeating unit (component A) and unsaturated carboxylic acid An aliphatic polyester resin (D component) having a modified aliphatic hydroxycarboxylic acid repeating unit is obtained by heating reaction of an acid or a derivative thereof (C component), and then a fat having the modified aliphatic hydroxycarboxylic acid repeating unit. Group polyester resin (component D) or, if necessary, a mixture of component D with component A and biomass material components Component B) the heating is obtained by kneading (two-step method).
[0016]
First, the raw materials used in the present invention will be described.
The aliphatic polyester resin (component A) having an aliphatic hydroxycarboxylic acid repeating unit used in the present invention is an aliphatic homopolyester or copolyester having an aliphatic hydroxycarboxylic acid repeating unit in the polymer or a mixture thereof. . The amount of the aliphatic hydroxycarboxylic acid repeating unit in the polymer is not particularly limited, but is preferably 50% by weight or more. Moreover, when the aliphatic polyester resin (A component) which has an aliphatic hydroxycarboxylic acid repeating unit is a copolymer, the arrangement pattern is a random copolymer, an alternating copolymer, a block copolymer, a graft copolymer, etc. Either of these may be used. That is, the aliphatic polyester resin (component A) having an aliphatic hydroxycarboxylic acid repeating unit includes the following aliphatic polyesters.
[0017]
1) Aliphatic hydroxycarboxylic acid homopolymers such as polylactic acid or poly-ε-caprolactone.
2) Copolymers of aliphatic hydroxycarboxylic acids and other aliphatic hydroxycarboxylic acids, such as block copolymers of polylactic acid and poly-ε-caprolactone, random copolymers of lactic acid and glycolic acid.
3) Copolymers of aliphatic hydroxycarboxylic acids, aliphatic polyhydric alcohols and aliphatic polycarboxylic acids or their anhydrides, such as block copolymers of polylactic acid and polybutylene succinate, lactic acid, succinic acid and ethylene glycol Random copolymer.
4) A star polymer having an aliphatic hydroxycarboxylic acid and an aliphatic polyhydric alcohol, an aliphatic polycarboxylic acid or a polysaccharide as a core, and a polymer obtained by linking the star polymer with an aliphatic polyhydric alcohol or an aliphatic polycarboxylic acid. For example, a star polymer having glycerin, pentaerythritol, 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid or ethyl cellulose as a core and polylactic acid as a side chain, and the star polymer may be pentaerythritol or 1,2,3,4 -Polymers linked with butanetetracarboxylic acid.
[0018]
The aliphatic hydroxycarboxylic acids that are raw materials for the aliphatic polyester resin (component A) having an aliphatic hydroxycarboxylic acid repeating unit used in the present invention are not particularly limited. Specific examples of the aliphatic hydroxycarboxylic acid that is a raw material of the aliphatic polyester resin component (component A) having an aliphatic hydroxycarboxylic acid repeating unit used in the present invention include glycolic acid, lactic acid, 3-hydroxybutyric acid, 4-hydroxybutyric acid, 4-hydroxyvaleric acid, 5-hydroxyvaleric acid, 6-hydroxycaproic acid, and cyclic esters of aliphatic hydroxycarboxylic acids, such as glycolide, which is a dimer of glycolic acid, , Lactide which is a dimer of lactic acid, and ε-caprolactone which is a cyclic ester of 6-hydroxycaproic acid. These may be used in combination of two or more as required. When the aliphatic hydroxycarboxylic acid has an asymmetric carbon, it may be D-form or L-form, respectively, or a mixture of D-form or L-form, that is, a racemate.
[0019]
The aliphatic polyvalent carboxylic acid or its anhydride, which is a raw material for the aliphatic polyester resin (component A) having an aliphatic hydroxycarboxylic acid repeating unit used in the present invention, is not particularly limited. Specific examples of the aliphatic polyvalent carboxylic acid which is a raw material of the aliphatic polyester resin (component A) having an aliphatic hydroxycarboxylic acid repeating unit used in the present invention or an anhydride thereof include, for example, oxalic acid, succinic acid, Aliphatic dicarboxylic acids such as malonic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, undecanedioic acid, dodecanedioic acid, etc., 1,2,3,4-butantellacarboxylic acid, 1 , 2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexacarboxylic acid, 1,2,3,4-cyclopentanetetracarboxylic acid, tetrahydrofuran-2R, 3T, 4T, 5C-tetracarboxylic acid, 1,2,3 4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic acid, 4-carboxy-1,1-cyclohexanediacetic acid, 1,3,5-cyclohexanetricarboxylic acid, , 5-trimethyl-1,3,5-cyclohexanetricarboxylic acid, (1α, 3α, 5β) -1,3,5-trimethyl-1,3,5-cyclohexanetricarboxylic acid or more aliphatic or fatty It includes cyclic polycarboxylic acids or anhydrides thereof. Two or more kinds of these aliphatic polyvalent carboxylic acids or anhydrides may be mixed and used as necessary. Further, when these aliphatic polyvalent carboxylic acids or anhydrides thereof have asymmetric carbon in the molecule, they may be D-form and L-form, respectively, or a mixture of D-form and L-form. That is, a racemic body may be sufficient.
[0020]
The aliphatic polyhydric alcohol which is a raw material of the aliphatic polyester resin (component A) having an aliphatic hydroxycarboxylic acid repeating unit used in the present invention is not particularly limited. Specific examples of the aliphatic polyhydric alcohol that is a raw material of the aliphatic polyester resin (component A) having an aliphatic hydroxycarboxylic acid repeating unit used in the present invention include, for example, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, and polyethylene glycol. , Propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, neopentyl glycol , Diols such as polytetramethylene glycol, 1,4-hexanediol, cyclohexanedimethanol, hydrogenated bisphenol A, glycerin, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, trimethylolethane, trimethylolpro Including tri- or more functional polyols such as cellulose, inositol, cellulose, cellulose nitrate, acetyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, nitrocellulose; regenerated cellulose such as cellophane, viscose rayon and cupra, hemicellulose, starch, Also included are polysaccharides such as amylopectin, dextrin, dextran, glycogen, pectin, chitin, chitosan, or derivatives thereof. These aliphatic polyhydric alcohols may be used in combination of two or more as required. In addition, when these aliphatic polyhydric alcohols have asymmetric carbon in the molecule, each of D-form and L-form may be used alone, or a mixture of D-form and L-form, that is, racemate. But you can.
[0021]
As the aliphatic polyester resin (component A) having an aliphatic hydroxycarboxylic acid repeating unit used in the present invention, the above-mentioned various aliphatic homopolyesters or aliphatic copolyesters are used. Those having the following are preferred. Moreover, what contains 50 weight% or more of lactic acid repeating units in a polymer is more preferable.
[0022]
Specific examples of the aliphatic polyester resin component having a lactic acid repeating unit preferably used in the present invention include polylactic acid, a random or block copolymer of lactic acid and 6-hydroxycacaproic acid, a block copolymer of polylactic acid and polybutylene succinate, Pentaerythritol, 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid or a star polymer having ethyllactic acid as a core and polylactic acid as a side chain, and the star polymer are converted to pentaerythritol or 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid Including polymers linked by
[0023]
The production method of the aliphatic polyester resin (component A) having an aliphatic hydroxycarboxylic acid repeating unit used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and is produced by a known method such as a direct dehydration condensation method or a ring-opening polymerization method. can do.
For example, in the case of producing an aliphatic hydroxycarboxylic acid homopolymer or copolymer by direct dehydration polycondensation without using ring-opening polymerization, lactic acid is necessary as disclosed in US Pat. No. 5,310,865. Depending on the conditions, other aliphatic hydroxycarboxylic acids are preferably subjected to azeotropic dehydration condensation in the presence of an organic solvent, particularly a diphenyl ether solvent, and particularly preferably water is removed from the solvent distilled by azeotropic distillation. Polymerization by a method in which a substantially anhydrous solvent is returned to the reaction system provides an aliphatic hydroxycarboxylic acid homopolymer or copolymer suitable for use in the present invention. Further, in the production of an aliphatic polyester resin (component A) having an aliphatic hydroxycarboxylic acid repeating unit, an appropriate molecular weight regulator, branching agent, other modifiers, etc. may be added.
[0024]
The molecular weight and molecular weight distribution of the aliphatic polyester resin (component A) having an aliphatic hydroxycarboxylic acid repeating unit used in the present invention are not particularly limited. However, from the viewpoint of thermal and mechanical properties, the weight average molecular weight ( Mw) is preferably 30,000 or more, particularly preferably 50,000-1,000,000.
[0025]
The biomass material (component B) used in the present invention is at least one selected from cellulose, lignocellulose, and starch.
Examples of cellulose include alpha fiber floc obtained by alkali-treating wood pulp and mechanically shredded cotton, cotton linter obtained from cotton seed, cotton floc, human silk floc shredded from human silk, and the like.
Examples of lignocellulose include lignocellulosic fiber and lignocellulosic powder. Specifically, wood pulp, refiner graft pulp (RGP), paper pulp, waste paper, crushed wood fragments, wood powder, fruit shells A powder etc. can be illustrated.
There is no restriction | limiting in particular in the shape of these cellulose and lignocellulosic materials, A fibrous form and a powder form can be used.
[0026]
Specific examples of wood flour include, for example, pulverized products such as pine, fir, poplar, bamboo, bagasse, oil palm trunk, sawdust, canna waste, etc., and fruit shell flour includes fruits such as walnuts, peanuts, and palms. There is a pulverized product. In addition, when using wood flour, it is preferable to make it as fine as possible so as to eliminate the entanglement of the fibers. However, considering the complexity of the work and the economy, usually about 20 to 400 mesh is used.
Among these, it is particularly preferable to use RGP or wood flour. When RGP is used, it is preferable to use dry defibration or the like that loosens the entanglement of the fibers.
[0027]
As specific examples of starch, for example, corn starch, potato starch, potato starch, tapioca starch and mildly acetylated products thereof can be widely used. Starch is usually obtained in the form of granules, but these can be used as they are.
[0028]
The unsaturated carboxylic acid or derivative (C) used in the present invention is, for example, maleic acid, maleic anhydride, nadic anhydride, itaconic acid, itaconic anhydride, citraconic acid, citraconic anhydride, crotonic acid, isocrotonic acid Mesaconic acid, angelic acid, sorbic acid, acrylic acid and the like are preferable, and maleic anhydride is particularly preferable. Further, as the unsaturated carboxylic acid derivative, the above-mentioned unsaturated carboxylic acid metal salts, amides, imides, esters and the like can be used. These unsaturated carboxylic acids or anhydrides can be used in combination of two or more.
[0029]
The radical generator used in the present invention is one that promotes the reaction between an aliphatic polyester resin component (component A) having an aliphatic hydroxycarboxylic acid repeating unit and an unsaturated carboxylic acid or derivative thereof (C). There is no particular limitation, and for example, benzoyl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide, cumene peroxide, α, α′-bis (t-butylperoxydiisopropyl) benzene, di-t-butyl peroxide, 2,5-di (t -Butylperoxy) hexane, p-chlorobenzoyl peroxide, acetyl peroxide, 1,1-t-butylperoxy-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane, t-butylperoxypivalate, t-butylperoxy -2-ethylhexanoate, t-butyl peroxybenzoate, Peroxides such as bis (4-t-butylcyclohexyl) peroxydicarbonate, diisopropylperoxydicarbonate, t-butylperoxyisopropylcarbonate, and azo compounds such as azobisisobutyronitrile are preferably used. be able to.
[0030]
Next, an embodiment of the method for producing the composite resin composition of the present invention will be described in detail.
One of the production methods of the present invention is an aliphatic polyester resin component (component A), a biomass material component (component B) and an unsaturated carboxylic acid having an aliphatic hydroxycarboxylic acid repeating unit in the presence of a radical generator, or an unsaturated carboxylic acid thereof This is a method (one-step method) in which the derivative (component C) is heated and kneaded together.
[0031]
Here, the ratio of A component and B component contains 5-95 weight% of A component in A component and B component, Preferably it contains 10-90 weight%. Here, when the proportion of the component A exceeds 95% by weight, the proportion of the component B becomes too small, and the reinforcing effect by the component B is lowered, which is not preferable. On the other hand, when the proportion of the component A is less than 5% by weight, the proportion of the component B is excessively large, and a molded product having a problem in strength is obtained, or there are many problems such as inferior transparency and gloss. Since a molded product is obtained, it is not preferable.
[0032]
The amount of component C is 1 part by weight or more with respect to 100 parts by weight of component A, and preferably 1-30 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of component A. When the amount of the A component is less than 1 part by weight, a substance in which the A component and the B component are covalently bonded via the C component is not obtained, or even if it is obtained, the amount is not sufficient, and processed into a molded product In addition, the mechanical strength, heat fluid processability and the like expected for the molded product cannot be obtained. Further, when the amount of the component A exceeds 30 parts by weight, a higher mechanical strength cannot be obtained, and on the contrary, there is a tendency to become brittle.
Moreover, there is no restriction | limiting in particular in the quantity of a radical generating agent, It is 0.01-1 weight part with respect to 100 weight part of A components.
[0033]
In the production method of the present invention, the heating and kneading methods include conventionally known methods such as mixers such as Banbury mixers and Henschel mixers, roll mills equipped with a plurality of rolls, kneaders, and various extruders (extruders). Used at a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point of the component A, preferably 140-240 ° C., more preferably 160-200 ° C., for 5-50 minutes, preferably 10-30 minutes. Temperatures that are high enough to burn the B component should be avoided. Moreover, the rotation speed of a kneader etc. in this case is 30-200 rpm normally, Preferably it is 50-150 rpm.
[0034]
In the heating and kneading, the order of adding the above components is not particularly limited. In general, it is preferable that the B component and the C component are added to the melted state of the A component.
In addition, the heating and kneading are preferably performed in an inert gas atmosphere so that moisture and oxygen (air) do not enter from outside the system, and are replaced with an inert gas or bubbled with an inert gas. You may go while.
[0035]
Another production method of the present invention includes an aliphatic polyester resin (component A) having an aliphatic hydroxycarboxylic acid repeating unit and an unsaturated carboxylic acid or an unsaturated carboxylic acid in the presence of a radical generator, in the presence or absence of a solvent. An aliphatic polyester resin (D component) having a modified aliphatic hydroxycarboxylic acid repeating unit is obtained by heating reaction of the derivative (C component), and then the aliphatic polyester resin having the modified aliphatic hydroxycarboxylic acid repeating unit This is a method in which (D component) or an aliphatic polyester resin having an aliphatic hydroxycarboxylic acid repeating unit (A component) added thereto and a biomass material (B component) are heated and kneaded (two-stage method).
[0036]
In this case, the amount of the C component and the amount of the radical generator with respect to the A component are the same as in the above-described one-step method. The method of reacting the A component and the C component can also be performed by the same method as the heating and kneading methods described above. Moreover, A component and C component can also be made to react in presence of a solvent. In this case, it is preferable to use a solvent having a high boiling point that dissolves the component A. The reaction temperature is 140-240 ° C, preferably 160-200 ° C, and the reaction time is 1-5 hours. After completion of the reaction, the solvent is distilled off or removed by a known method such as reprecipitation to obtain component D.
The addition amount of component C in the aliphatic polyester resin (component D) having a modified aliphatic hydroxycarboxylic acid repeating unit is 0.1-15% by weight, preferably 0.5-10% by weight.
[0037]
The obtained D component may be heated and kneaded with the B component as it is, but in consideration of the mixing ratio of the B component and the D component, a mixture obtained by diluting the D component with the unmodified A component (E Component) may be used. That is, a mixture (component E) of component D and component A containing 0 to 95% by weight of component A may be used. The method of heating and kneading the D component or the E component and the B component can also be performed in the same manner as the one-step method.
In this case, the ratio of the D component or E component to the B component is 5-95% by weight, preferably 10-90% by weight, of the D or E component. Here, when the ratio of the D component or the E component exceeds 95% by weight, the ratio of the B component becomes too small, and the reinforcing effect by the B component is lowered, which is not preferable. On the other hand, when the proportion of the D component or E component is less than 5% by weight, the proportion of the B component is excessively large, and a molded product having a problem in strength is obtained, or the transparency and gloss are inferior. This is not preferable because a molded product having many problems can be obtained.
[0038]
In the method for producing the composite resin composition of the present invention and various molding methods described later, various additives such as a lubricant, an antioxidant, a colorant, an antistatic agent, and a plasticizer can be appropriately added as necessary.
[0039]
The composite resin composition thus obtained gives a molded article excellent in mechanical strength and heat fluid processability during molding and having biodegradability and smoothness and glossiness.
In the composite resin composition of the present invention, at least a part of the aliphatic polyester resin (component A) having an aliphatic hydroxycarboxylic acid repeating unit and at least a part of the biomass material (component B) are unsaturated carboxylic acid or its Including a substance covalently bonded through a derivative (component C). The presence of the substance in which the A component and the B component are covalently bonded via the C component brings about the above various characteristics. In particular, when the composite resin composition of the present invention is processed into a molded product, Contributes to improvement of heat fluid processability.
[0040]
The composite resin composition of the present invention can be appropriately molded into a desired shape by means of pressure molding, film molding, vacuum molding, extrusion molding, injection molding, and the like to produce various molded products.
Therefore, industrial applicability of the composite resin composition according to the present invention is extremely high. That is, according to the present invention, it is excellent in various characteristics, and when taking into account the final disposal process after the use of the product is taken into account, it does not decompose and remain in the environment at the time of landfill, and is harmful at the time of incineration. Molded products, artificial wood, containers, films, sheets, trays, and foams that do not discharge substances to the environment can be provided.
[0041]
The composite resin composition according to the present invention provides a molded product, artificial wood, a container, a film, a sheet, a tray, and a foam excellent in mechanical strength such as tensile strength, tensile elongation at break and tensile elastic modulus. be able to.
The composite resin composition according to the present invention includes various film / sheet materials, disposable molded products (for example, containers, pipes, squares, bars, artificial wood, trays, concrete panels, foams, etc.), furniture, and building materials. It can be effectively used as materials for automobile interior materials / exterior materials, housings / housings for home appliances, civil engineering and building materials, materials for agriculture / dairy farming / fisheries, recreation materials, sports materials, and the like.
Thus, not only can biomass materials that have been low in added value so far be used, but also a composite resin composition having excellent strength characteristics and biodegradability can be industrially easily and relatively produced. Can be provided at low cost.
[0042]
【Example】
Although the Example in this invention is described below, this invention is not limited to the method and apparatus described below.
The physical property value measuring method used in this example is as follows.
1) Tensile strength (break), tensile elongation at break, tensile modulus
According to JISK-6732.
2) Melt viscosity, flow temperature
Measured by flow tester CFT-C.
[0043]
Example 1-10
Weigh 23 parts powdery polylactic acid (PLA, manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals, Inc., weight average molecular weight 130,000), 2.3 parts maleic anhydride and 0.08 parts by weight dicumyl peroxide in a beaker and mix well. After the combination, the entire amount was quickly put into a 30 ml kneading die of a laboratory plast mill manufactured by Toyo Seiki Co., Ltd., whose temperature was adjusted to 160 ° C. and the stirring blades rotated in opposite directions at 30 rpm. Immediately after the addition, the rotational speed of the stirring blade was increased to 70 rpm, and the kneading reaction was carried out at 160 ° C. for 15 minutes. Immediately after completion of the reaction, the contents were taken out and cooled. After sufficiently cooling, it was powdered with a plastic pulverizer and co-tested as maleic anhydride-modified polylactic acid (MPLA-1) in subsequent experiments.
The obtained MPLA-1 was dissolved in chloroform, poured into and precipitated in a large excess of n-pentane, and then purified by filtration and drying, followed by addition of maleic anhydride to PLA by titration. The amount measured by titration was 1.1% by weight.
[0044]
This titration was performed as follows. That is, 0.2 g of MPLA-1 sample was purified and dissolved in 50 ml of a mixed solution of chloroform: ethanol = 1: 1. As an indicator, a mixed indicator of bromthymol blue: phenol red = 1: 1 was used, and titration was performed with a 0.1 normal sodium hydroxide ethanol solution. Titration was performed 5 times and the average value was taken. The maleic anhydride addition rate is determined by the weight of the purified MPLA-1 sample in W 0 , The weight of maleic anhydride in the sample determined by titration is W 1 As follows.
Maleic acid addition amount (%) = W 1 / W 0 × 100
[0045]
Next, MPLA-1, unmodified powdered polylactic acid, and 200 mesh pass wood flour (cellulosin) prepared as described above were weighed in a predetermined ratio shown in Table 1 (Table 1) in a total 26 g beaker, After mixing well with a spatula, the temperature was adjusted to 180 ° C. and put into a lab plast mill (manufactured by Toyo Seiki Co., Ltd.) where the stirring blades rotated in opposite directions at 30 rpm. The mixture was kneaded for 15 minutes under the same conditions.
Next, the obtained kneaded material was pressure-molded at 200 ° C. over 0.5 minutes to prepare a film having a thickness of 0.4 mm. From this film, 80 mm × 5 mm strip-shaped sample pieces were prepared and evaluated for mechanical properties (tensile strength properties) and thermal flow properties. The results are shown in Table 2 (Table 2).
[0046]
Comparative Example 1
Powdered polylactic acid (PLA; manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals, Inc., weight average molecular weight 130,000) and 200 mesh pass wood flour (cellulosin) were weighed in a beaker 13.0 g at a time and mixed well with a spatula. It was put in a Laboplast mill (manufactured by Toyo Seiki Co., Ltd.), which was conditioned at 180 ° C. and the stirring blades rotated in opposite directions at a rotation speed of 30 rpm over 5 minutes, and then continued for 15 minutes under the same conditions. Kneading was performed.
Next, the obtained kneaded material was pressure-molded at 200 ° C. over 0.5 minutes to prepare a film having a thickness of 0.4 mm. From this film, 80 mm × 5 mm strip specimens were made and evaluated for mechanical properties (tensile strength properties) and heat flow properties. The results are shown in Table 2 (Table 2).
[0047]
[Table 1]
[0048]
[Table 2]
[0049]
Examples 11-19
In Example 1-10, it carried out like Example 1-10 except having used corn starch instead of 200 mesh pass wood flour (cellulosin) which is B ingredient. The results are shown in Table 3 (Table 4) and Table 4 (Table 4).
[0050]
Example 20
The reaction was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of maleic anhydride added was 4.6 parts by weight, and the amount of dicumyl peroxide was 0.1 parts by weight to obtain modified PLA (MPLA-2). After purification as in Example 1, the maleic acid addition rate determined by titration was 1.3%.
In Example 10, it was carried out in the same manner as in Example 10 except that corn starch was used instead of the 200 mesh pass wood flour as the component B, and MPLA-2 was used instead of MPLA-1. The results are shown in Table 3 (Table 3) and Table 4 (Table 4).
[0051]
Comparative Example 2
In the comparative example 1, it carried out similarly to the comparative example 1 except having used corn starch instead of the 200 mesh pass wood flour (cellulosin) which is B component. The results are shown in Table 3 (Table 3) and Table 4 (Table 4).
[0052]
[Table 3]
[0053]
[Table 4]
[0054]
Examples 21-24
In Example 1-10, it carried out similarly to Example 1-10 except having used the cellulose fine powder (Whatman CF11) instead of the 200 mesh pass wood flour (cellulosin) which is B component. The results are shown in Table 5 (Table 5) and Table 6 (Table 6).
[0055]
Comparative Example 3
In Comparative Example 1, the same procedure as in Comparative Example 1 was performed except that cellulose fine powder (Whatman CF11) was used instead of 200 mesh pass wood flour (cellulosin) as the B component. The results are shown in Table 5 (Table 5) and Table 6 (Table 6).
[0056]
[Table 5]
[0057]
[Table 6]
[0058]
Examples 25-27
In a predetermined ratio shown in Table 7 (Table 7), powdered polylactic acid (PLA; manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals, Inc., weight average molecular weight 130,000) (component A), fine cellulose powder (component B), maleic anhydride ( C component) and dicumyl peroxide (component X) were weighed in a total of 26 g beaker, mixed well with a spatula, and then mixed in a lab plast mill similar to Example 1 adjusted to 180 ° C. for 5 minutes. And then kneaded for 15 minutes under the same conditions.
Next, the obtained kneaded material was pressure-molded in the same manner as in Example 1 to prepare a 0.4 mm thick film. From this film, 80 mm × 5 mm strip specimens were made and evaluated for mechanical properties (tensile strength properties) and heat flow properties. The results are shown in Table 7 (Table 7) and Table 8 (Table 8).
[0059]
[Table 7]
[0060]
[Table 8]
[0061]
When Example 1-10 is compared with Comparative Example 1, first, when a portion of the unmodified polylactic acid is replaced with maleic anhydride-modified polylactic acid, the tensile strength of the finally obtained molded film is 1 at most. .7 times. Moreover, it is surprising that only 20% of the unmodified polylactic acid is replaced with maleic anhydride-modified polylactic acid, and the tensile strength enhancement effect at that level can be obtained. These findings strongly suggest that maleic anhydride-modified polylactic acid functions as a reactive compatibilizing agent.
That is, the maleoyl group of maleic anhydride-modified polylactic acid and the hydroxyl group on the surface of the wood flour react while kneading at 180 ° C. for 20 minutes, and the polylactic acid is grafted onto the surface of the wood flour via maleic acid by an ester bond. This suggests that the adhesiveness at the interface between the wood powder filler and the matrix resin polylactic acid (unmodified or modified) is enhanced in the final molded product. At that time, the heat fluid processability is not impaired, but rather, the processability is high.
[0062]
Further, when Examples 11-20 and Comparative Example 2 were compared, compared with the case where only the unmodified polylactic acid in Comparative Example 2 was used as the matrix resin, a part of the unmodified polylactic acid was modified with maleic anhydride-modified polylactic acid. If it replaces by, the intensity | strength of the molded film finally obtained becomes remarkably high, and has become 1.49 times at the maximum.
[0063]
When Example 1-20 is compared with Comparative Examples 1 and 2, the melt viscosity decreases as the content of maleic anhydride-modified polylactic acid (D component) in the E component matrix resin increases.
When modified polylactic acid (D component) is added to the E component matrix resin, it becomes a complex with high processability, and the degree of processability increases as the content of modified polylactic acid increases. When modified polylactic acid is added to the D component matrix resin, the dispersibility of the B component filler is also improved.
These results are considered to further strongly support the consideration that maleic anhydride-modified polylactic acid behaves as a reactive compatibilizer as described above.
[0064]
Further, as is clear from the evaluation results in Tables 7 and 8, powdered polylactic acid (component A), fine cellulose powder (component B), and maleic anhydride (component C) were heated in the presence of a radical initiator. By kneading, a molded product having high tensile strength can be obtained. This result also confirms that the A component and the B component have a covalent bond via the C component.
Claims (3)
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| JP23081498A JP3933315B2 (en) | 1997-08-19 | 1998-08-17 | Composite resin composition |
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| JP9-222827 | 1997-08-19 | ||
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| JP23081498A JP3933315B2 (en) | 1997-08-19 | 1998-08-17 | Composite resin composition |
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| US12421389B2 (en) | 2018-12-02 | 2025-09-23 | Sulapacoy | Compostable wood composite material for thin-walled articles |
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| JP4149887B2 (en) * | 2002-10-03 | 2008-09-17 | ダイセル化学工業株式会社 | Composite biodegradable molded product |
| JP5124901B2 (en) * | 2003-07-04 | 2013-01-23 | 東レ株式会社 | Wood substitute material |
| JP4572516B2 (en) * | 2003-07-18 | 2010-11-04 | 東レ株式会社 | Method for producing resin composition |
| DE10336387A1 (en) * | 2003-08-06 | 2005-03-03 | Basf Ag | Biodegradable polyester blend |
| JP4746288B2 (en) * | 2004-07-09 | 2011-08-10 | アグリフューチャー・じょうえつ株式会社 | Method for producing starch-containing resin composition |
| US7153354B2 (en) * | 2004-11-19 | 2006-12-26 | Board Of Trustees Of Michigan State University | Chemically modified plasticized starch compositions by extrusion processing |
| US7629405B2 (en) * | 2004-11-19 | 2009-12-08 | Board Of Trustees Of Michigan State University | Starch-polyester biodegradable graft copolyers and a method of preparation thereof |
| JP4615465B2 (en) * | 2006-03-20 | 2011-01-19 | 古河電気工業株式会社 | Biodegradable resin foam |
| FR2916203B1 (en) * | 2007-05-14 | 2012-07-20 | Arkema | COEXTRUSION BINDERS BASED ON RENEWABLE / BIODEGRADABLE |
| DE102007050770A1 (en) | 2007-10-22 | 2009-04-23 | Biotec Biologische Naturverpackungen Gmbh & Co. Kg | Polymeric material and process for its preparation |
| DE102007050769A1 (en) | 2007-10-22 | 2009-04-23 | Biotec Biologische Naturverpackungen Gmbh & Co. Kg | Polymeric material and process for its preparation |
| JP5022257B2 (en) * | 2008-02-04 | 2012-09-12 | 帝人株式会社 | Method for producing compatible aliphatic polyester |
| CN116554447B (en) * | 2022-01-29 | 2025-11-04 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A polylactic acid graft copolymer, its preparation method and application |
-
1998
- 1998-08-17 JP JP23081498A patent/JP3933315B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US12421389B2 (en) | 2018-12-02 | 2025-09-23 | Sulapacoy | Compostable wood composite material for thin-walled articles |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH11124485A (en) | 1999-05-11 |
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