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JP3910070B2 - Silicon substrate manufacturing method - Google Patents

Silicon substrate manufacturing method Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3910070B2
JP3910070B2 JP2002005949A JP2002005949A JP3910070B2 JP 3910070 B2 JP3910070 B2 JP 3910070B2 JP 2002005949 A JP2002005949 A JP 2002005949A JP 2002005949 A JP2002005949 A JP 2002005949A JP 3910070 B2 JP3910070 B2 JP 3910070B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
adhesive
cutting
substrate
ingot
saw wire
Prior art date
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JP2002005949A
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Japanese (ja)
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JP2003211349A (en
Inventor
泰彦 阪口
公雄 峰
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
JFE Steel Corp
JFE Techno Research Corp
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JFE Steel Corp
JFE Techno Research Corp
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、シリコン基板の製造方法に関し、とくに、断面が100mm 角以上または100mm φ以上で厚さが200 μm 以下の大断面薄基板をスライシング法によって有利に製造しうるシリコン基板の製造方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
シリコンインゴットからシリコン基板(シリコンウエハ)を製造する手段として、一般に、ソーワイヤを用いたスライシング法が採用される。これは例えば図2(a) に示すように、固定板(ワークプレート)2に接合したインゴット(シリコンインゴット)1をフィードユニット4で昇降6可能に支持し、該インゴット1を、二本のメインローラ10、10間に複数並列に巻回配置されてその線長方向に500 〜900 m/minの速さで走行するソーワイヤ5に押し付けることにより、インゴット1の複数部位を同時並列に切断するという方法である。ソーワイヤ5は、二本のリールボビン7、7の一方から繰出されて他方に繰入されるが、その途中で、適所に配置したタッチローラ8、ダンサアーム9、ガイドローラ11などで支持されて、二本のメインローラ10、10間を複数条の部分が並走するように配置されている。インゴット1はフィードユニット4に配設したサーボモータ13を用いてソーワイヤ5の前記並走配置部分に押し付けられる。この逆にインゴット1側は不動としソーワイヤ5を移動させてインゴット1に押し付けるようにしてもよい。切断中は、スラリノズル12から砥粒を混合させた加工液を走行するソーワイヤ5に吹き付け、砥粒をソーワイヤ5に付着させて被切断部に送り込む。これは切断能率確保のために不可欠である。ソーワイヤ5の走行様式は、一方向(片道走行)、双方向交互反復(往復走行)のいずれであってもよい。また、インゴット1と固定板2との接合は、一般に、図2(b) に示すように、接着剤3を用いてインゴット面と固定板面をむらなく接着する方法が採用されている。
【0003】
基板厚さ300 〜350 μm 、切断ピッチ540 〜580 μm の条件でスライシングする場合、固定板と接着剤は次のようなものを用いればよいとされている。
固定板:特段の材料指定なし(カーボンなど安価な材料でよい)
接着剤:
・接着強度:2500N/cm2 未満で十分
・硬さ:切断精度を上げる観点からシリコン結晶と同程度以上の硬さが好適
一方、特開平11−151716号公報では、切断終期の基板縁部のソーマーク(段差状のマーク)防止のためには、固定板をシリコン結晶と同程度の硬さを有する材料で構成するのが有効であるとし、固定板の材質として、軟質の黒鉛に代えて、シリコンやガラス(モース硬さ:4〜7)を推奨している。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、上記従来の技術では、断面が100mm 角以上または100mm φ以上で厚さが200 μm 以下の大断面薄基板を、切断代(カーフロス)を可及的に小さくした切断ピッチ400 μm 以下の条件で製造しようとする場合、切断の途中(とくに切断終期)でかなりの枚数の基板が落下しもしくは割れ、あるいは基板縁部にソーマークがつく、などの切断トラブルが多々発生し、製品歩留りが悪いという問題があった。
【0005】
本発明は、上記従来技術の問題に鑑み、ソーワイヤを用いたスライシング法により大断面シリコン薄基板をインゴットから切断トラブルなく高い製品歩留りで製造しうるシリコン基板の製造方法を提供することを目的とする。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、前記目的を達成するために鋭意検討した結果、固定板の抗折強度、接着剤の接着強度、および接着剤の層厚を特定の範囲に制限することにより、切断途中での基板の落下はほとんど生じることがなく、またソーマークもつかなくなることを見いだし、本発明をなすに至った。
【0007】
すなわち、本発明は、固定板に接着剤で接合したシリコンインゴットの複数部位をソーワイヤおよび砥粒により同時並列に切断してシリコン基板を得るシリコン基板の製造方法において、前記固定板には抗折強度50N/mm2 以上のものを用い、前記接着剤は接着強度2500N/cm2 以上のものを前記ソーワイヤのワイヤ径以下の層厚で用いることを特徴とするシリコン基板の製造方法である。
【0008】
本発明では、前記接着剤は、硬化後のショア硬さ(D)75 以上のものを用いることが好ましい。
【0009】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明において、固定板にインゴットを接合した後では、例えば図2を用いて説明した従来と同様の方法で切断を行えばよい。本発明の要点は、図1に示すように、固定板2の抗折強度を50N/mm2 以上、接着剤3の接着強度を2500N/cm2 以上、および、接着剤3の層厚dA をソーワイヤのワイヤ径(ソーワイヤ径)dW 以下に限定したことにある。なお、図1において、14は砥粒、Tは基板厚さ、Pは切断ピッチ、Cはカーフロス(切断代)であり、図2と同一または相当部材には同一符号を付した。図1では、砥粒14を塗したソーワイヤ5による切断が接着剤3層の少し手前まで進んだ状態を示している。以下、本発明の限定理由について説明する。
【0010】
ソーワイヤは切断進行中、被切断材により押されて撓んだ状態で走行している。そのため、インゴットの切断終端側の両端部側は切断が終了していても中央部側ではまだ終了せず基板間が一部つながっている状態が現出する。そこで、基板間の分離を全うするために、固定板に所定の深さ(実験等で決定、例えば1〜5mm程度)の切り込みが入るまで切断を続け、そこで切断を停止するようにしている。このため、ソーワイヤは、インゴットから接着剤層を経て固定板に至る切断径路を辿るが、その間、ソーワイヤからインゴットなどの切断抵抗の力がシリコン結晶、接着剤、接着界面(インゴット−接着剤間界面および接着剤−固定板間界面)、固定板へ加わりつづける。
【0011】
薄基板の場合、接着剤との界面の面積は当然ながら従来の厚い基板よりも小さくなり、単位面積当りにかかる力は大きい。さらに、切断ピッチを小さくして切断する所謂薄カーフロス切断を行うべく、砥粒径を小さくすればするほど、切断抵抗が大きくなり、基板や接着界面等に負荷される力は大きくなる。
こうした薄基板、薄カーフロスでの切断に関して研究した結果、接着界面での剥離を防止するには、接着剤の接着強度は2500N/cm2 以上必要であることが判明した。よって本発明では、接着剤を接着強度2500N/cm2 以上のものに限定したのである。接着強度は、JIS K6850に準拠した常温引張試験(接着界面に平行な方向に引張る)により測定される。この条件を満たす限りにおいて接着剤の種類はとくに限定されず、エポキシ樹脂系、ポリウレタン系、アクリル樹脂系、フェノール樹脂系などのいずれであってもかまわない。
【0012】
なお、硬化後のショア硬さが75以上になる接着剤を使用すると、接着剤部の破壊(接着層内および界面での割れ発生)が起こりにくくなり、基板落下をさらに確実に防止することができて好ましい。
また、インゴットとは異質の接着剤の層を切り進むと、切断抵抗の相違によりソーワイヤの切断方向が変化して切断径路が曲折し、基板の落下や基板端部厚み精度の劣化が生じるという現象がある。本発明者らの研究により、これらの現象は、接着剤の層厚をソーワイヤ径以下の厚さとすることで抑制することができることがわかった。よって本発明では、接着剤の層厚がソーワイヤ径以下となるようにインゴットと固定板とを接着することに限定した。この接着にあたっては、例えば水平に置いた固定板の上面に接着剤を塗布し、その上にインゴットを置いて水平方向位置や姿勢(水平度、垂直度等)を調整し、さらに適度の垂直荷重をかけて接着剤余剰分を逃がして接着剤層厚を調整するのが好ましい。なお、接着剤層厚は接着剤層を介して接合している固定板・インゴット接合体の切断方向長さ測定値から、接合前の両者の切断方向長さ測定値の合計を差し引いて算出される。
【0013】
さらに、切断の最終期には上記したように固定板に所定の深さの切込みが入る。この切込みにより残った櫛歯状の部分は、基板同様に薄切りされていて、しかも両面にソーワイヤで付けられた微細な疵を有するため、切断の停止前に折損破壊して基板ともども落下することがある。本発明者らの研究により、この折損破壊は、固定板が常温で50N/mm2 以上の抗折強度を有する場合には発生しないことがわかった。そこで本発明では、固定板の材質を抗折強度50N/mm2 以上のものに限定した。ここで、抗折強度は、1mm厚×20mm幅×50mm長さの試験片の長さ方向の一端を固定し該固定端から長さ方向の他端側に15mm離れた位置に板厚方向の荷重を加えて折損破壊させ、そのときの荷重測定値を断面積(厚×幅)で除した値である。
【0014】
【実施例】
表1に示す各実験No. 条件で、150mm ×150mm ×300mm の多結晶シリコンインゴットを固定板に接着後、図2に示した方法でスライシングすることにより、基板厚さ200 μm 以下のシリコン薄基板を製造する実験を行った。ソーワイヤは500m/minの速さで一方向に走行させた。砥粒としては累積高さ50%の粒径9.5 〜11.5μm (粒度#1000,#1200)のSiC を用いた。各実験No. 条件について、切断精度としてのソーマークの有無、および、切断時の基板落下あるいは基板割れ発生率(原因別)を調査した。その結果を表1に示す。
【0015】
【表1】

Figure 0003910070
【0016】
表1に示されるように、本発明を外れる比較例では、ソーマークあるいは基板落下や基板割れが発生するのに対し、本発明例では、ソーマークは発生せず、基板落下や基板割れもほぼ完全にその発生が防止されており、本発明により、切断トラブルがなく大断面シリコン薄基板を製造できることがわかる。
【0017】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、ソーワイヤを用いたスライシング法によりシリコンインゴットから大断面薄基板を薄カーフロス条件で切断トラブルなく製造することができるという優れた効果を奏する。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の要点を示す部分断面模式図である。
【図2】 (a) はソーワイヤを用いたスライシング法の概要を示す立体模式図、(b) はインゴットと固定板の接合方法を示す断面模式図である。
【符号の説明】
1 インゴット(シリコンインゴット)
2 固定板(ワークプレート)
3 接着剤
4 フィードユニット
5 ソーワイヤ
6 昇降
7 リールボビン
8 タッチローラ
9 ダンサアーム
10 メインローラ
11 ガイドローラ
12 スラリノズル
13 サーボモータ
14 砥粒[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a silicon substrate, and more particularly to a method for manufacturing a silicon substrate that can advantageously manufacture a large-sized thin substrate having a cross section of 100 mm square or more or 100 mm φ or more and a thickness of 200 μm or less by a slicing method.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As means for manufacturing a silicon substrate (silicon wafer) from a silicon ingot, a slicing method using a saw wire is generally employed. For example, as shown in FIG. 2 (a), an ingot (silicon ingot) 1 joined to a fixed plate (work plate) 2 is supported by a feed unit 4 so as to be able to move up and down 6 and the ingot 1 is supported by two main ingots. A plurality of portions of the ingot 1 are cut in parallel at the same time by being pressed against the saw wire 5 that is wound in parallel between the rollers 10 and 10 and travels in the line length direction at a speed of 500 to 900 m / min. Is the method. The saw wire 5 is fed from one of the two reel bobbins 7 and 7 and is fed to the other, and is supported by a touch roller 8, a dancer arm 9, a guide roller 11, etc. arranged in the middle, A plurality of strips are arranged between the two main rollers 10 and 10 so as to run in parallel. The ingot 1 is pressed against the parallel running portion of the saw wire 5 by using a servo motor 13 disposed in the feed unit 4. Conversely, the ingot 1 side may be stationary and the saw wire 5 may be moved and pressed against the ingot 1. During cutting, the processing liquid in which abrasive grains are mixed is sprayed from the slurry nozzle 12 to the traveling saw wire 5, and the abrasive grains are attached to the saw wire 5 and sent to the portion to be cut. This is essential for ensuring cutting efficiency. The traveling manner of the saw wire 5 may be either one direction (one-way traveling) or two-way alternating repetition (reciprocating traveling). In general, as shown in FIG. 2B, the ingot 1 and the fixing plate 2 are joined by using an adhesive 3 to uniformly bond the ingot surface and the fixing plate surface.
[0003]
In the case of slicing under conditions of a substrate thickness of 300 to 350 μm and a cutting pitch of 540 to 580 μm, it is said that the following may be used for the fixing plate and the adhesive.
Fixing plate: No special material designation (Inexpensive material such as carbon may be used)
adhesive:
Adhesive Strength: 2500N / cm 2 less than in well-Hardness: from the viewpoint of increasing the cutting accuracy Meanwhile preferably silicon crystal equal to or higher than the hardness in the Japanese Patent 11-151716, JP-edge of the substrate of the cutting end In order to prevent saw marks (stepped marks), it is effective to configure the fixing plate with a material having the same degree of hardness as the silicon crystal, and as the material of the fixing plate, instead of soft graphite, Silicon or glass (Mohs hardness: 4-7) is recommended.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the above-mentioned conventional technology, a large cross-sectional thin substrate having a cross section of 100 mm square or more or 100 mm φ and a thickness of 200 μm or less is required to have a cutting pitch of 400 μm or less with a cutting margin (kerfloss) as small as possible. If you try to manufacture the product in the middle of cutting (especially at the end of cutting), a large number of substrates will drop or crack, or saw marks will be attached to the edge of the substrate. There was a problem.
[0005]
The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems of the prior art, and an object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a silicon substrate that can manufacture a thin silicon substrate having a large cross section from an ingot with a high product yield without any trouble by slicing using a saw wire. .
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present inventors limited the bending strength of the fixing plate, the adhesive strength of the adhesive, and the layer thickness of the adhesive to a specific range. It has been found that the substrate is hardly dropped and the saw mark is not attached, and the present invention has been made.
[0007]
That is, the present invention provides a silicon substrate manufacturing method in which a silicon substrate is obtained by simultaneously cutting a plurality of portions of a silicon ingot joined to a fixing plate with an adhesive by a saw wire and abrasive grains. using 50 N / mm 2 or more of, the adhesive is a method for manufacturing a silicon substrate, which comprises using those adhesive strength 2500N / cm 2 or more in thickness under the wire diameter or less of the saw wire.
[0008]
In the present invention, it is preferable to use an adhesive having a Shore hardness (D) of 75 or more after curing.
[0009]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the present invention, after the ingot is joined to the fixing plate, for example, the cutting may be performed by the same method as the conventional method described with reference to FIG. As shown in FIG. 1, the gist of the present invention is that the bending strength of the fixing plate 2 is 50 N / mm 2 or more, the adhesive strength of the adhesive 3 is 2500 N / cm 2 or more, and the layer thickness d A of the adhesive 3 Is limited to a wire diameter (saw wire diameter) d W or less of the saw wire. In FIG. 1, 14 is abrasive grains, T is the substrate thickness, P is the cutting pitch, and C is the kerf loss (cutting allowance). FIG. 1 shows a state in which the cutting with the saw wire 5 coated with the abrasive grains 14 has proceeded slightly before the three layers of the adhesive. Hereinafter, the reasons for limitation of the present invention will be described.
[0010]
While the cutting is in progress, the saw wire is being pushed and bent by the material to be cut. For this reason, even if the cutting ends at the cutting end side of the ingot are finished, the center portion is not finished yet, and a state in which the substrates are partially connected appears. Therefore, in order to complete the separation between the substrates, the cutting is continued until a predetermined depth (determined by an experiment or the like, for example, about 1 to 5 mm) is cut into the fixing plate, and the cutting is stopped there. For this reason, the saw wire follows the cutting path from the ingot to the fixing plate through the adhesive layer. During that time, the cutting resistance force from the saw wire to the ingot or the like is caused by the silicon crystal, the adhesive, the adhesive interface (the interface between the ingot and the adhesive). And the adhesive-fixing plate interface) and continue to be added to the fixing plate.
[0011]
In the case of a thin substrate, the area of the interface with the adhesive is naturally smaller than that of a conventional thick substrate, and the force applied per unit area is large. Furthermore, as the abrasive grain size is reduced to perform so-called thin kerfloss cutting with a reduced cutting pitch, the cutting resistance increases and the force applied to the substrate, the bonding interface, and the like increases.
As a result of research on cutting with such thin substrates and thin kerfloss, it was found that the adhesive needs to have an adhesive strength of 2500 N / cm 2 or more in order to prevent peeling at the adhesive interface. Therefore, in the present invention, the adhesive is limited to those having an adhesive strength of 2500 N / cm 2 or more. The adhesive strength is measured by a room temperature tensile test (pulling in a direction parallel to the adhesive interface) in accordance with JIS K6850. As long as this condition is satisfied, the type of adhesive is not particularly limited, and may be any of epoxy resin, polyurethane, acrylic resin, phenol resin, and the like.
[0012]
If an adhesive with a shore hardness of 75 or more after curing is used, the adhesive part is less likely to break (cracking in the adhesive layer and at the interface), and the fall of the substrate can be prevented more reliably. This is preferable.
Also, when cutting a layer of adhesive that is different from the ingot, the cutting direction of the saw wire changes due to the difference in cutting resistance and the cutting path bends, causing the substrate to drop and the substrate edge thickness accuracy to deteriorate. There is. According to the study by the present inventors, it has been found that these phenomena can be suppressed by setting the adhesive layer thickness to a thickness equal to or smaller than the saw wire diameter. Therefore, in this invention, it limited to adhere | attaching an ingot and a fixing board so that the layer thickness of an adhesive agent might be below a saw wire diameter. For this bonding, for example, apply an adhesive on the upper surface of a fixed plate placed horizontally, place an ingot on it, adjust the horizontal position and posture (levelness, verticality, etc.), and then apply an appropriate vertical load. It is preferable to adjust the thickness of the adhesive layer by escaping the excess adhesive. The thickness of the adhesive layer is calculated by subtracting the total measured length in the cutting direction before joining from the measured length in the cutting direction of the fixed plate / ingot joined together through the adhesive layer. The
[0013]
Further, at the final stage of cutting, as described above, the fixing plate has a predetermined depth of cut. The comb-like portion left by this cutting is sliced in the same manner as the substrate and has fine ridges attached with saw wires on both sides, so it can break and fall back together with the substrate before cutting stops. is there. According to the study by the present inventors, it was found that this fracture fracture does not occur when the fixing plate has a bending strength of 50 N / mm 2 or more at room temperature. Therefore, in the present invention, the material of the fixing plate is limited to a material having a bending strength of 50 N / mm 2 or more. Here, the bending strength is fixed to one end in the length direction of a test piece of 1 mm thickness × 20 mm width × 50 mm length, and 15 mm away from the fixed end to the other end side in the length direction. It is a value obtained by applying a load to cause breakage and dividing the measured load value by the cross-sectional area (thickness × width).
[0014]
【Example】
A silicon thin substrate with a substrate thickness of 200 μm or less is obtained by bonding a 150 mm × 150 mm × 300 mm polycrystalline silicon ingot to a fixed plate under the conditions of each experiment No. shown in Table 1 and then slicing using the method shown in FIG. An experiment was conducted to manufacture The saw wire was run in one direction at a speed of 500 m / min. As the abrasive grains, SiC with a cumulative height of 50% and a grain size of 9.5 to 11.5 μm (grain size # 1000, # 1200) was used. For each experiment No. condition, the presence or absence of saw marks as cutting accuracy, and the rate of occurrence of substrate dropping or substrate cracking during cutting (by cause) were investigated. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0015]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003910070
[0016]
As shown in Table 1, in the comparative example that deviates from the present invention, saw marks or substrate drops and substrate cracks occur, whereas in the present invention examples, saw marks do not occur, and substrate drops and substrate cracks are almost complete. This is prevented, and it can be seen that a thin silicon substrate having a large cross section can be produced without cutting troubles according to the present invention.
[0017]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, there is an excellent effect that a thin substrate having a large cross section can be produced from a silicon ingot under a thin kerf loss condition by a slicing method using a saw wire.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a partial cross-sectional schematic view showing the main points of the present invention.
2A is a three-dimensional schematic diagram illustrating an outline of a slicing method using a saw wire, and FIG. 2B is a schematic cross-sectional diagram illustrating a method for joining an ingot and a fixing plate.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Ingot (silicon ingot)
2 Fixed plate (work plate)
3 Adhesive 4 Feed unit 5 Saw wire 6 Lifting 7 Reel bobbin 8 Touch roller 9 Dancer arm
10 Main roller
11 Guide roller
12 Slurry nozzle
13 Servo motor
14 Abrasive grains

Claims (1)

固定板に接着剤で接合したシリコンインゴットの複数部位をソーワイヤおよび砥粒により同時並列に切断してシリコン基板を得るシリコン基板の製造方法において、前記固定板には抗折強度50N/mm2 以上のものを用い、前記接着剤は接着強度2500N/cm2 以上のものを前記ソーワイヤのワイヤ径以下の層厚で用いることを特徴とするシリコン基板の製造方法。In a silicon substrate manufacturing method for obtaining a silicon substrate by simultaneously cutting a plurality of portions of a silicon ingot bonded to a fixing plate with an adhesive with a saw wire and abrasive grains, the bending strength of the fixing plate is 50 N / mm 2 or more. A method for producing a silicon substrate, characterized in that an adhesive having an adhesive strength of 2500 N / cm 2 or more is used with a layer thickness less than the wire diameter of the saw wire.
JP2002005949A 2002-01-15 2002-01-15 Silicon substrate manufacturing method Expired - Fee Related JP3910070B2 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101973081B (en) * 2010-07-28 2012-07-18 常州天合光能有限公司 Method for cutting head other than tail of 8-inch polycrystalline block by MB wire saw
CN102390094A (en) * 2011-08-07 2012-03-28 江西金葵能源科技有限公司 Solar-grade silicon wafer being cut by diamond wire and cutting method thereof
JP5899443B2 (en) * 2012-07-03 2016-04-06 パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 Thermosetting adhesive for fixing silicon ingot, silicon ingot fixing method using the same, and silicon wafer manufacturing method
CN103331828A (en) * 2013-05-31 2013-10-02 阳光硅谷电子科技有限公司 Cutting technique of oversized-diameter silicon rod
CN103934909A (en) * 2014-03-19 2014-07-23 阳光硅谷电子科技有限公司 Process adopting extra-fine steel wire to cut silicon rod
CN103921362A (en) * 2014-04-29 2014-07-16 南通综艺新材料有限公司 Method using slicing machine to cut high-standard seed crystal of ingot
US9205572B1 (en) * 2014-05-28 2015-12-08 National Tsing Hua University Ingot cutting method capable of reducing wafer damage percentage
CN107214869B (en) * 2017-07-20 2019-11-29 阜宁协鑫光伏科技有限公司 Method for cutting silicon chips
TWI632041B (en) * 2017-09-11 2018-08-11 環球晶圓股份有限公司 Ingot slicing method and slicing abrasive kit
CN114454362B (en) * 2021-07-13 2024-11-15 青岛高测科技股份有限公司 Silicon rod cutting method, equipment and system

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