JP3950047B2 - Method for producing calcium salt of highly unsaturated fatty acid - Google Patents
Method for producing calcium salt of highly unsaturated fatty acid Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP3950047B2 JP3950047B2 JP2002531055A JP2002531055A JP3950047B2 JP 3950047 B2 JP3950047 B2 JP 3950047B2 JP 2002531055 A JP2002531055 A JP 2002531055A JP 2002531055 A JP2002531055 A JP 2002531055A JP 3950047 B2 JP3950047 B2 JP 3950047B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- fatty acid
- weight
- unsaturated
- fatty acids
- calcium oxide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
- C07C51/41—Preparation of salts of carboxylic acids
- C07C51/412—Preparation of salts of carboxylic acids by conversion of the acids, their salts, esters or anhydrides with the same carboxylic acid part
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S426/00—Food or edible material: processes, compositions, and products
- Y10S426/807—Poultry or ruminant feed
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【0001】
(発明の背景)
本発明は、反芻動物のエネルギー源として有用な第一胃(ルーメン)バイパス飼料サプリメントの製造方法に関する。該方法は、高度不飽和脂肪酸をそれらの各カルシウム塩に転化する。特に本発明は、共役リノール酸(CLA)などの栄養サプリメントとして特に関心の高い不飽和脂肪酸のカルシウム塩の製造方法に関する。本発明のカルシウム塩を畜牛に与えると、問題の不飽和脂肪酸が強化された乳及び肉が生成される。
【0002】
CLAは、栄養特性、治療特性、及び薬理特性の利用を検討する数多くの研究プログラムの焦点になってきている。1978年にウィスコンシン大学の研究者らは、突然変異誘発を阻害すると思われる物質の正体を、調理済み牛肉中に発見した。この物質がCLAであることが判明した。
【0003】
CLAに関連する生物活性は、多様で複雑である。抗発癌性に加えて、免疫系を刺激することが詳しく記されている。米国特許第5,914,346号明細書は、ナチュラルキラーリンパ球の機能を高めるためのCLAの使用を開示している。米国特許第5,430,066号明細書は、免疫系刺激による、体重減少と食欲不振の予防におけるCLAの効果を記載している。
【0004】
CLAは、身体組成、特に脂肪体重と除脂肪体重との割合の変化に対して十分な全身効果を発揮することも見出されている。米国特許第5,554,646号及び同第6,020,378号各明細書は、体脂肪を減少させ、除脂肪体重を増加させるためのCLAの使用を開示している。米国特許第5,814,663号明細書は、ヒトの目下の体脂肪レベル又は体重レベルを維持するためのCLAの使用を開示している。米国特許第6,034,132号明細書は、ヒトの体重を減少させて肥満を治療するためのCLAの使用を開示している。CLAが骨塩量を維持又は増加させることも、米国特許第5,804,210号明細書により開示されている。
【0005】
不飽和脂肪酸が生み出す有益な効果は、CLAに限定されるものではない。その他の不飽和脂肪酸が、糖尿病(米国特許第4,472,432号明細書)、心疾患(米国特許第4,495,201号、同第5,541,225号、及び同第5,859,055号各明細書)、プロスタグランジン欠損(米国特許第5,043,328号明細書)、マラリア(米国特許第5,604,258号明細書)、骨粗しょう症(米国特許第5,618,558号及び同第5,888,541号各明細書)、癌(米国特許第5,763,484号明細書)、免疫系機能(米国特許第5,767,156号明細書)、ハンチントン舞踏病(米国特許第5,837,731号明細書)、及び炎症(米国特許第5,861,433号明細書)を治療するのに有用であることが開示されている。
【0006】
CLAを強化した食品を使用して食事のCLAレベルを増加させることが、米国特許第5,416,115号明細書に開示されている。米国特許第5,143,737号明細書は、意図する不飽和脂肪を反芻動物の飼料に組み入れることにより、反芻動物の乳及び肉の不飽和脂肪分が増加され得ることを開示している。こうして、反芻動物の飼料にCLAなどの不飽和脂肪酸を補給することにより、CLA及びその他の不飽和脂肪酸を強化した肉及び乳を得ることができる。
【0007】
しかし不飽和脂肪酸は、第一胃内での細菌作用によって飽和脂肪酸に加水分解されるため、保護された形式で反芻動物に与えられなければならない。前述の米国特許第5,143,737号明細書は、不飽和脂肪酸を無毒性の有機物質に包み込んで、第一胃内での細菌作用から不飽和脂肪酸を保護することを開示している。一般に、第一胃内での細菌作用から脂肪酸を保護する最もよく知られている形式は、米国特許第4,642,317号、同第4,826,694号、同第4,853,233号、及び同第4,909,138号各明細書によって開示されている脂肪酸カルシウム塩である。脂肪酸を保護するこの形式は、乳用牛及び肉用牛の業界で広く受け入れられている。
【0008】
しかし、先に列挙した特許に開示された方法を用いても、不飽和脂肪酸はカルシウム塩を形成するようには容易に反応しない。自由に流動する粒状物を形成する代わりに、強度の高い物質へと硬化する塊ができ、畜牛の摂食に必要な微粒子への粉砕が困難になる。得られた物質は保存安定性も不足している。生成物は、発熱反応によって自動酸化し、生成物塊を自由流動性粒状物の状態から硬い非晶質状態に凝結させる傾向があり、非反応性の開始物質が最終生成物中にかなりの量存在することが示唆される。
【0009】
商業的に存立するためには、第一胃から保護される不飽和脂肪酸畜牛飼料サプリメントは、畜牛業界に容認される形式でなければならない。それゆえ不飽和脂肪酸を保存安定性のあるカルシウム塩に転化することができ、畜牛が摂取できるほど十分に小さな粒子に容易に成形し得るような方法が求められている。
【0010】
(発明の概要)
上記の要求は本発明によって叶えられる。高レベルの酸化カルシウムの使用、又は脂肪酸原料中の不飽和脂肪酸量の減少のいずれかによって、保存安定性のある不飽和脂肪酸カルシウム塩を、微粒子の形式で生成し得ることが発見された。
【0011】
それゆえ、本発明の1態様によれば、高度不飽和脂肪酸の自由流動性カルシウム塩の調製方法であって、
(a)本質的に、
(i )約50〜約95重量%の不飽和C16〜C22脂肪酸と、
(ii)約5〜約40重量%の飽和C14〜C22脂肪酸と、
(iii )約6重量%以下の水分、不溶物、及び不鹸化物と、から成り、約20重量%以下がグリセリドの形態である脂肪酸原料を提供するステップと、
(b)不飽和脂肪酸原料に対し約1.0〜約2.5当量の酸化カルシウムをその不飽和脂肪酸原料に添加することにより、反応混合物を形成するステップと、
(c)酸化カルシウムに対し約2〜約5当量の水を反応混合物に添加することにより、その酸化カルシウムが水和して脂肪酸を中和し、脂肪酸のカルシウム塩を形成するステップと、を含み、
1.75当量未満の酸化カルシウムを添加する場合には、不飽和脂肪酸原料が少なくとも25重量%の飽和脂肪酸を含み、酸化カルシウムを添加するステップの前に不飽和脂肪酸原料を融点を超える温度に加熱することを条件とする方法が提供される。
【0012】
こうして、本発明のこの態様の一実施形態は、畜牛業界に容認されると考えられる微細な自由流動性粒状生成物を容易に形成する不飽和脂肪酸カルシウム塩を生成するために、1.75当量以上の酸化カルシウムを使用する。本発明のこの実施形態は、原料中のあらゆるレベルの不飽和に利用することができ、全体が不飽和脂肪酸からなる原料でも使用することができる。本発明のこの態様の別の実施形態では、より少量の酸化カルシウムを用いる場合、その脂肪酸原料により低レベルの不飽和脂肪酸を含む第2の脂肪酸原料を配合させることによって、脂肪酸原料中の不飽和脂肪酸レベルも低下させなければならない。
【0013】
例えば、本発明のこの態様の好ましい実施形態では、約60〜約70重量%のCLAを含有し、不飽和脂肪酸の総レベルが95重量%という高率に及ぶ不飽和脂肪酸原料が用いられる。第一胃バイパス飼料サプリメントとしての使用に適した脂肪酸カルシウム塩は、この不飽和脂肪酸原料を1.75当量以上の酸化カルシウムと反応させることにより生成され得る。より少ない酸化カルシウムを用いて、容認される脂肪酸カルシウム塩を生成するためには、CLA含有原料に、より低レベルの不飽和脂肪酸を含有する第2の脂肪酸原料を配合しなければならない。例えば、CLA含有原料に、配合物中の飽和脂肪酸レベルを少なくとも25重量%に増加させるのに有効な量のパーム脂肪酸蒸留物(PFAD)を配合してもよい。その他の適切な飽和脂肪酸供給源としては、獣脂、豚脂など、又は蒸留若しくは分画した個々の飽和脂肪酸供給源が挙げられる。
【0014】
こうして、本発明の方法によって、これまで不可能であった不飽和脂肪酸レベルを含む脂肪酸原料から、未反応の不飽和脂肪酸開始材料を本質的に含まない自由流動性脂肪酸カルシウム塩粒状物が得られる。それゆえ、本発明の別の態様によれば、酸化に対して安定した自由流動性高度不飽和脂肪酸カルシウム塩が、本発明の方法によって調製され提供される。
【0015】
より詳細には本発明は、適当な化学量論的に過剰の酸化カルシウムを使用し、化学量論的に過剰の酸化カルシウムの度合いに基づいて原料内の不飽和脂肪酸量を調整することにより、不飽和脂肪酸原料の自由流動性カルシウム塩が得られるという発見を組み込んでいる。特定の理論に束縛されるわけではなく、酸化カルシウムの水和熱がカルシウム塩を形成する中和反応を促進し、飽和脂肪酸の存在もまたカルシウム塩形成の促進に重要な役割を演じていると考えられる。酸化カルシウムの水和によって生じた過剰の水酸化カルシウムも、最終生成物の希釈液として機能し、微粒子に粉砕される最終生成物の能力を高めると考えられる。
【0016】
それゆえ、本発明の別の態様によれば、生成物の脂肪酸分に対して0.1〜約1.5当量の水酸化カルシウムを含む自由流動性不飽和脂肪酸カルシウム塩生成物であって、
前記生成物が本質的に、
(a)約50〜約95重量%の不飽和C16〜C22脂肪酸と、
(b)約5〜約40重量%の飽和C14〜C22脂肪酸と、
(c)約6重量%以下の水分、不溶物、及び不鹸化物と、から成る脂肪酸分を有し、その脂肪酸分の約20重量%以下はグリセリドの形態であり、
0.75当量未満の水酸化カルシウムが存在する場合には、脂肪酸プロファイルが少なくとも25重量%の飽和脂肪酸を含むことを条件とする生成物が提供される。
【0017】
本発明の上記及びその他の特徴並びに利益は、以下の好ましい実施形態の説明から明らかとなる。
(好ましい実施形態の詳細な説明)
本発明は、高度不飽和脂肪酸原料を、自由流動性粉末又は粒状脂肪酸カルシウム塩第一胃バイパス飼料サプリメントに転化し得る方法を提供する。高度不飽和脂肪酸原料の使用により、脂肪酸カルシウム塩飼料サプリメントの従来の製造方法からは大きく逸脱する。
【0018】
本発明の方法は、バッチ法又は連続法のいずれを用いてもよい。本発明による一般的方法では、脂肪酸原料は製造容器に添加される。酸化カルシウムと脂肪混合物とが徹底的かつ十分に接触することで酸化カルシウム粒子の均質分散物が得られるように設計された反応がまで、混合が行われなければならない。反応がまは、垂直又は水平のいずれの構成でもよく、その装置は断熱的に操作される(外部入熱又は出熱はない)ため入熱のために覆う必要はない。この種の内部混合要素は、様々な欠点を補っており、例としてはプロペラ、タービン、チョッパーブレード付きプラウ、又は好ましくは「Cowles型」混合ブレードを備えたものが挙げられるが、その他のものを適用してもよい。これらの装置は、水分画を脂肪混合物と酸化カルシウムに分散及びホモジナイズさせるのにも適している。
【0019】
約50〜約95重量%の不飽和C16〜C22脂肪酸を含有する不飽和脂肪酸原料が用いられる。不飽和脂肪酸原料は、約6重量%以下の水分、不溶物、及び不鹸化物を含有していなければならず、脂肪酸の約20重量%以下がグリセリド形態でなければならない。一般に、16〜22個の炭素原子と1〜6個の2重結合とを含む不飽和脂肪酸が、本発明での使用に適している。多価不飽和脂肪酸が好ましく、共役多価不飽和脂肪酸がより好ましく、CLAが最も好ましい。所望の多価不飽和脂肪酸のその他の例としては、ω−3系列脂肪酸及びω−6系列脂肪酸が挙げられる。
【0020】
主として、動物、植物、又は魚類の脂肪酸供給源を含む不飽和脂肪酸のいずれの供給源を用いてもよい。これには、豚脂、獣脂や、キャノーラ油、ひまわり油、サフラワー油、なたね油、大豆油、オリーブ油、とうもろこし油などの植物油及びその副産物、並びに魚油及びその副産物の蒸留物及び石鹸原料が含まれる。水分、不溶物、不鹸化物、及びグリセリドを約10重量%未満に低下させるために、前処理を必要とする場合もある。モノグリセリド、ジグリセリド、及びトリグリセリドなどのグリセリドのレベルは、加水分解又は鹸化によって低下させてもよい。共役多価不飽和脂肪酸を使用するため、前処理のステップは、共役多価不飽和をもたらす異性化反応を含んでいてもよい。
【0021】
不飽和脂肪酸原料は、好ましくはヒトのダイエタリーサプリメントとしての用途を基準にして選択すれば、その原料から生成した脂肪酸カルシウム塩生成物を給与された畜牛の肉及び乳は、有効量の脂肪酸カルシウム塩が強化されたものになる。CLAは、ヒトの食事イエタリーサプリメントとしての用途を持つものとして、既に開示されている。
【0022】
特に好ましいCLAについては、10、12及び9、11異性体、並びにその混合物など、ヒトのダイエタリーサプリメントとしての用途を有するいずれの異性体を用いてもよい。10、12異性体の定義に含まれるのは、トランス10、トランス12;トランス10、シス12;シス10、トランス12;及びシス10、シス12である。同様に9、11異性体としては、トランス9、トランス11;トランス9、シス11;シス9、トランス11;及びシス9、シス11異性体が挙げられる。これらの様々な10、12及び9、11異性体の混合物を使用してもよい。同様に、本発明での使用が意図されるその他の一価及び多価不飽和脂肪酸のシス及びトランス異性体は、それらの混合物も含め使用してもよい。
【0023】
特に好ましいCLA原料は、Natural, Inc. of Vernon Hills, IL から入手されるCLA−60である。CLA−60は、約60〜約70重量%の様々なCLA異性体を含有しており、不飽和脂肪酸の総量は約90〜95重量%である。従って、CLA−60から商業的に容認される脂肪酸カルシウム塩を生成するためには、1.75当量を超える酸化カルシウムを用いるか、或いは少なくとも25重量%の飽和脂肪酸を含有する混合物を提供するのに有効な量の、より高レベルの飽和脂肪酸を含む第2の脂肪酸原料を、CLA−60に配合させなければならない。
【0024】
換言すれば、使用する酸化カルシウム量を脂肪酸量に対し1.75当量未満にする場合、原料中の飽和脂肪酸量が25重量%以上のレベルでなければならない。25重量%未満の飽和脂肪酸を含む原料に、25重量%を超える有効量の飽和脂肪酸を含む第2の脂肪酸原料を配合させて、25重量%を超える飽和脂肪酸を生成しなければならない。飽和脂肪酸の好ましい供給源は、パーム脂肪酸蒸留物(PFAD)である。より高レベルの飽和脂肪酸を含む第2の脂肪酸原料は、約5重量%以下及び約50重量%、好ましくは約5〜約30重量%のレベルで配合物中に存在してもよい。そのような配合物を、1.75当量を超える酸化カルシウムと反応させてもよいが、飽和脂肪酸レベルが25重量%を超える場合には、商業的に容認される生成物を得るのに、そのような酸化カルシウムレベルは必要ない。
【0025】
飽和脂肪酸は、不飽和脂肪酸よりも融点が高い。従って、混合された不飽和脂肪酸分が25重量%以上の第2の脂肪酸原料を含む一様な液体混合物を形成するためには、不飽和脂肪酸原料を加熱することが必要な場合もある。約80℃以下の温度が適しており、約50〜約60℃の温度が好ましい。
【0026】
脂肪酸原料に対し約1.0〜約2.5当量の範囲の酸化カルシウムを、脂肪酸原料に添加する。高度不飽和脂肪酸原料を用いるためには、約1.4当量を超える酸化カルシウムレベルが好ましく、約1.75当量がより好ましい。約2.0〜2.3当量の酸化カルシウムレベルが最も好ましい。CLA−60では、最適な脂肪酸カルシウム塩第一胃バイパス飼料サプリメントは、CLA−60に対して2.2当量の酸化カルシウムを用いた場合に得られることが確定されている。
【0027】
その後、水を添加して酸化カルシウムを水酸化物形態に水和させると、大量に発熱する。発生する熱は、脂肪酸中和反応を完了させるのに十分であるため、その後外部の熱源から反応混合物に熱を供給する必要はない。酸化カルシウムに対し約2〜約5当量の水を反応混合物に添加するが、約2.5〜約3.5当量が好ましい。
【0028】
過剰な水は、発生する外部熱によって蒸気に転化され、急速に蒸発する。反応は、大気圧下、又は蒸気を吸引するために真空下で実施されてもよい。
反応に必要な総時間は、典型的には約5〜約60分であり、より典型的には約6〜約10分である。混合物を固体の粒子塊に変形させることにより、反応が容易に確認される。更に攪拌すると、塊は自由流動性粒状物質に更に変形し、反応器から移しかえると自由流動性粒子に容易に加工処理することができる。
【0029】
本発明の方法の任意の成分として、生物活性材料が含まれてもよい。用語「生物活性材料」は、飼料の組成物に含まれる経口投与が可能な任意の物質を意味する。好ましい生物活性材料は、第一胃の微生物や消化液による不活化を受けやすく、そのため、本発明の脂肪酸カルシウム塩に組み入れることによって不活化から保護される。生物活性材料は、単一成分又は複数成分の混合物のいずれかのものとして広範囲の栄養素及び薬剤から選択することができ、それらは活性分子種の以下のリストに例示される:
【0030】
1.水溶性及び水不溶性両方の単糖類、二糖類、多糖類などの糖及び複合糖質。特に好ましい糖質としては、甘しゃ糖みつとてんさい副産物が挙げられる。
2.アルギニン、ヒスチジン、イソロイシン、ロイシン、リシン、メチオニン、フェニルアラニン、トレオニン、トリプトファン、バリン、塩酸エチルチロシン、アラニン、アスパラギン酸、グルタミン酸、グルタミン酸ナトリウム、グルタミン酸カリウム、グリシン、プロリン、セリン、塩酸エチルシスチンなど、並びにその類似体と塩などの、単一の又は組み合わせたいずれかのアミノ酸成分
【0031】
3.塩酸チアミン、リボフラビン、塩酸ピロドキシン、ナイアシン、イノシトール、塩化コリン、パントテン酸カルシウム、ビオチン、葉酸、アスコルビン酸、ビタミンB12、p−アミノ安息香酸、酢酸ビタミンA、ビタミンK、ビタミンB、ビタミンEなどの、単一の又は組み合わせたいずれかのビタミン成分
【0032】
4.コバルト、銅、マンガン、鉄、亜鉛、スズ、ニッケル、クロム、モリブデン、ヨウ素、塩素、ケイ素、バナジウム、セレニウム、カルシウム、マグネシウム、ナトリウム、及びカリウムの化合物などの、単一の又は組み合わせたいずれかの微量元素成分
【0033】
5.乾燥した血粉又は肉粉、肉骨粉、綿実粕、大豆粕、なたね粕、ひまわり粕、カノーラミール、サフラワー粕、乾燥アルファルファ、コーングルテンミール、大豆タンパク質濃縮物、ポテトプロテイン、乾燥滅菌畜糞及び鶏糞、魚粉、魚及び鶏タンパク質分離物、カニタンパク質濃縮物、加水分解タンパク質羽毛粉、家きん副産物、液状卵又は粉末卵、乳清、卵アルブミン、カゼイン、フィッシュソリュブル、セルクリーム、ビールの残渣などの供給源から得られるタンパク質成分
【0034】
6.塩酸プロマジン、酢酸クロロメドニエート、クロロテトラサイクリン、スルファメタジン、モネンシン、モネンシンナトリウム、ポロキサリン、オキシテトラサイクリン、BOVATECなどの、単一の又は組み合わせたいずれかの薬剤成分
【0035】
7.ブチルヒドロキシアニソール、ブチルヒドロキシトルエン、第3級ブチルヒドロキノン、トコフェロール、没食子酸プロピル、及びエトキシキンなどの抗酸化剤、並びにソルビン酸ナトリウム、ソルビン酸カリウム、安息香酸ナトリウム、プロピオン酸、α−ヒドロキシ酪酸などの保存料
【0036】
生物活性材料は、脂肪酸に対し約20重量%以下のレベルで存在する。
本発明の不飽和脂肪酸カルシウム塩第一胃バイパス飼料サプリメントは、簡便には従来の反芻動物飼料と混合され反芻動物に給与されてもよい。その飼料は、典型的には豆科植物ヘイ(legume hey)、グラスヘイ、コーンサイレージ、グラスサイレージ、豆科植物サイレージ(legume silage )、とうもろこし粒、えん麦、大麦、アルコール粕、ビール粕、大豆粕、及び綿実粕など反芻動物の食用植物材料である。米国特許第5,143,737号明細書によれば、反芻動物は2〜15重量%、好ましくは約3〜10重量%の第一胃保護不飽和脂肪酸を給与されて、その改変された乳脂及び肉脂を生成した。反芻動物飼料に添加されるカルシウム塩には特定の低限はないが、実際にはカルシウム塩量が飼料の乾燥固形分の約1%未満では、少な過ぎて乳脂又は肉脂を有意に改変できない。
【0037】
本発明の不飽和脂肪酸カルシウム塩を給与される反芻動物は、より高レベルの不飽和乳脂及び肉脂を生成する。より多くの不飽和脂肪とより少ない飽和脂肪を含むその食品は、ホ乳動物、特にヒト用の食品として有用である。
【0038】
以下に示した非限定的な実施例は、本発明の特定の態様を例示している。他に断りがない限りは、割合及びパーセント値は全て重量のものであり、温度は全て摂氏温度である。
【0039】
【実施例】
実施例1
酸化カルシウム13.8ポンド(6251.4グラム)を、CLA−60 69.6ポンド(31528.8グラム)を含むCowles型混合ブレードを備えた垂直ミキサーに添加した。CLA−60は、65重量%濃度のCLAと95重量%濃度の遊離脂肪酸を含んでいた。不飽和脂肪酸の総量は、90重量%であった。酸化カルシウムを添加する前に、CLA−60を60℃の温度に加熱した。酸化カルシウムを一様に分散させた後、水10.8ポンド(4892.4グラム)を添加して、混合物の温度を120℃に上昇させた。一様な均質混合物が得られるまで継続して攪拌し、反応器からトレイに移して反応を完了させ、生成物を冷却した。最終生成物を微粉砕することにより、総脂質量が約83重量%の、粉末ではない自由流動性粒状物が生成された。
【0040】
実施例2
パーム脂肪酸蒸留物33.8ポンド(15311.4グラム)(PFAD)を、60℃に加熱したCLA−60 68.5ポンド(31030.5グラム)に添加して、一様な均質混合物が得られるまで攪拌した。更に攪拌しながら酸化カルシウム18.4ポンド(8335.2グラム)を添加した。酸化カルシウムが一様に分散された後、水15.2ポンド(6885.6グラム)を添加して混合物の温度を120℃に上昇させた。生成物を実施例1と同様に回収したが、脂肪分は85重量%であった。
【0041】
脂肪分に対する酸化カルシウム量を減少させたにも関わらず、自由流動性粒状生成物が得られた。酸化カルシウム量は、CLAに対する20重量%にPFADに対する14重量%を加えたものであった。
【0042】
実施例3
以下の成分を、実施例2の方法に従って反応させた。
CLA 4884ポンド(2212452グラム)
PFAD 2085ポンド(944505グラム)
酸化カルシウム 1504ポンド(681312グラム)
水 1716ポンド(777348グラム)
総脂肪量が82.25重量%の自由流動性粒状生成物が得られた。
【0043】
実施例5〜9
以下の実施例は、より高レベルの酸化カルシウム、又はより高レベルの飽和脂肪酸を用いることの重要性を実証している。実施例5〜8では実施例1の方法、実施例9では実施例2の方法に従って、オレイン酸カルシウム塩を調製した。使用量を表1に示している。
【0044】
【表1】
実施例5及び7では強度の高い材料が生成して適当に粒状化することができなかったが、実施例7では若干の改善が示された。実施例6は、商業的見込みとしては最良の生成物であった。実施例8は、実施例5及び7を上回る改善があったが、実施例9は更に良好で商業的にも容認されるものであった。
【0045】
かくして、本発明により、ヒトの栄養素として関心の高い不飽和脂肪酸が強化された肉製品及び乳製品を生成するための、畜牛飼料のサプリメントとして乳及び畜牛業界でよく知られ容認された形態で第一胃保護脂肪酸カルシウム塩を調製する方法が提供される。上述の実施例と好ましい実施形態の説明は、限定ではなく例示としてとらえるべきであり、本発明は特許請求の範囲によって定義される。特許請求の範囲に示す本発明から逸脱することなく、先に示した特徴の多数の変形及び組み合わせが利用できることは容易に理解されよう。そのような変形は、本発明の精神及び範囲から逸脱するものではなく、そのような改変はすべて特許請求の範囲に含まれるものとする。[0001]
(Background of the Invention)
The present invention relates to a method for producing a rumen bypass feed supplement useful as an energy source for ruminants. The process converts polyunsaturated fatty acids into their respective calcium salts. In particular, the present invention relates to a method for producing a calcium salt of an unsaturated fatty acid of particular interest as a nutritional supplement such as conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). Feeding cattle with the calcium salt of the present invention produces milk and meat enriched with the unsaturated fatty acids in question.
[0002]
CLA has become the focus of numerous research programs that explore the use of nutritional, therapeutic, and pharmacological properties. In 1978, researchers at the University of Wisconsin discovered the identity of a substance in cooked beef that appears to inhibit mutagenesis. This material was found to be CLA.
[0003]
The biological activities associated with CLA are diverse and complex. In addition to anticarcinogenicity, it has been described in detail to stimulate the immune system. US Pat. No. 5,914,346 discloses the use of CLA to enhance the function of natural killer lymphocytes. US Pat. No. 5,430,066 describes the effect of CLA in preventing weight loss and anorexia by immune system stimulation.
[0004]
CLA has also been found to exert a sufficient systemic effect on changes in body composition, particularly the ratio between fat and lean body mass. U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,554,646 and 6,020,378 disclose the use of CLA to reduce body fat and increase lean body mass. US Pat. No. 5,814,663 discloses the use of CLA to maintain the current body fat level or weight level of a human. US Pat. No. 6,034,132 discloses the use of CLA to reduce human weight and treat obesity. It is also disclosed by US Pat. No. 5,804,210 that CLA maintains or increases bone mineral content.
[0005]
The beneficial effects produced by unsaturated fatty acids are not limited to CLA. Other unsaturated fatty acids are diabetic (US Pat. No. 4,472,432), heart disease (US Pat. Nos. 4,495,201, 5,541,225, and 5,859). , 055), prostaglandin deficiency (US Pat. No. 5,043,328), malaria (US Pat. No. 5,604,258), osteoporosis (US Pat. 618,558 and 5,888,541), cancer (US Pat. No. 5,763,484), immune system function (US Pat. No. 5,767,156), It is disclosed that it is useful for treating Huntington's disease (US Pat. No. 5,837,731) and inflammation (US Pat. No. 5,861,433).
[0006]
Increasing dietary CLA levels using foods enriched with CLA is disclosed in US Pat. No. 5,416,115. US Pat. No. 5,143,737 discloses that the incorporation of the intended unsaturated fat in ruminant feed can increase the unsaturated fat content of ruminant milk and meat. Thus, meat and milk fortified with CLA and other unsaturated fatty acids can be obtained by supplementing ruminant feed with unsaturated fatty acids such as CLA.
[0007]
However, unsaturated fatty acids must be given to ruminants in a protected form because they are hydrolyzed to saturated fatty acids by bacterial action in the rumen. The aforementioned US Pat. No. 5,143,737 discloses encapsulating unsaturated fatty acids in non-toxic organic substances to protect them from bacterial action in the rumen. In general, the best known forms of protecting fatty acids from ruminal bacterial action are U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,642,317, 4,826,694, 4,853,233. And fatty acid calcium salts disclosed by each specification of U.S. Pat. No. 4,909,138. This form of protecting fatty acids is widely accepted in the dairy and beef cattle industry.
[0008]
However, even using the methods disclosed in the previously listed patents, unsaturated fatty acids do not readily react to form calcium salts. Instead of forming free-flowing particulates, a lump that hardens into a high-strength material is created, making it difficult to grind into fine particles necessary for cattle feeding. The resulting material also lacks storage stability. The product auto-oxidizes by an exothermic reaction and tends to condense the product mass from a free-flowing particulate state into a hard amorphous state, with a significant amount of non-reactive starting material in the final product. It is suggested to exist.
[0009]
In order to survive commercially, unsaturated fatty acid cattle feed supplements protected from the rumen must be in a form acceptable to the cattle industry. Therefore, there is a need for a method that can convert unsaturated fatty acids into storage stable calcium salts that can be easily formed into particles that are small enough to be consumed by cattle.
[0010]
(Summary of Invention)
The above requirements are met by the present invention. It has been discovered that either the use of high levels of calcium oxide or a reduction in the amount of unsaturated fatty acids in the fatty acid feedstock can produce storage-stable unsaturated fatty acid calcium salts in particulate form.
[0011]
Therefore, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a process for preparing a free flowing calcium salt of a highly unsaturated fatty acid, comprising:
(A) In essence,
(I) about 50 to about 95% by weight of unsaturated C16-C22 fatty acids;
(Ii) about 5 to about 40% by weight of saturated C14-C22 fatty acids;
(Iii) providing a fatty acid raw material comprising about 6 wt% or less of moisture, insoluble matter, and unsaponifiable matter, wherein about 20 wt% or less is in the form of glycerides;
(B) forming a reaction mixture by adding about 1.0 to about 2.5 equivalents of calcium oxide to the unsaturated fatty acid raw material to the unsaturated fatty acid raw material;
(C) adding about 2 to about 5 equivalents of water to the reaction mixture to hydrate the calcium oxide to neutralize the fatty acid to form a calcium salt of the fatty acid. ,
When adding less than 1.75 equivalents of calcium oxide, the unsaturated fatty acid feed contains at least 25% by weight saturated fatty acid and the unsaturated fatty acid feed is heated to a temperature above the melting point prior to the step of adding calcium oxide. A method is provided that is conditional on doing so.
[0012]
Thus, one embodiment of this aspect of the invention provides 1.75 equivalents to produce an unsaturated fatty acid calcium salt that readily forms a fine free-flowing granular product that would be acceptable to the cattle industry. The above calcium oxide is used. This embodiment of the present invention can be used for any level of unsaturation in the feedstock, and can be used with feedstocks consisting entirely of unsaturated fatty acids. In another embodiment of this aspect of the invention, when a smaller amount of calcium oxide is used, the fatty acid feedstock is blended with a second fatty acid feedstock that contains a low level of unsaturated fatty acids, thereby unsaturated in the fatty acid feedstock Fatty acid levels must also be reduced.
[0013]
For example, in a preferred embodiment of this aspect of the present invention, an unsaturated fatty acid feedstock is used that contains about 60 to about 70% by weight of CLA and has a high total level of unsaturated fatty acids of 95% by weight. Fatty acid calcium salts suitable for use as a rumen bypass feed supplement can be produced by reacting this unsaturated fatty acid feedstock with 1.75 equivalents or more of calcium oxide. In order to produce an acceptable fatty acid calcium salt using less calcium oxide, the CLA containing feed must be blended with a second fatty acid feed containing a lower level of unsaturated fatty acids. For example, the CLA-containing feedstock may be blended with an amount of palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) effective to increase the saturated fatty acid level in the formulation to at least 25% by weight. Other suitable saturated fatty acid sources include tallow, pork, etc., or individual saturated fatty acid sources that have been distilled or fractionated.
[0014]
Thus, the process of the present invention provides free-flowing fatty acid calcium salt granules essentially free of unreacted unsaturated fatty acid starting materials from fatty acid feedstocks containing unsaturated fatty acid levels that were previously impossible. . Therefore, according to another aspect of the present invention, a free-flowing highly unsaturated fatty acid calcium salt that is stable to oxidation is prepared and provided by the method of the present invention.
[0015]
More particularly, the present invention uses a suitable stoichiometric excess of calcium oxide and adjusts the amount of unsaturated fatty acids in the feed based on the degree of stoichiometric excess calcium oxide, It incorporates the discovery that free-flowing calcium salts of unsaturated fatty acid raw materials can be obtained. Without being bound by a particular theory, the heat of hydration of calcium oxide promotes the neutralization reaction that forms calcium salts, and the presence of saturated fatty acids also plays an important role in promoting calcium salt formation. Conceivable. It is believed that the excess calcium hydroxide produced by the hydration of calcium oxide also functions as a final product diluent and increases the ability of the final product to be ground into fine particles.
[0016]
Therefore, according to another aspect of the present invention, a free-flowing unsaturated fatty acid calcium salt product comprising 0.1 to about 1.5 equivalents of calcium hydroxide relative to the fatty acid content of the product, comprising:
The product is essentially
(A) about 50 to about 95% by weight of unsaturated C16-C22 fatty acids;
(B) about 5 to about 40% by weight of saturated C14-C22 fatty acids;
(C) having a fatty acid content of not more than about 6% by weight of moisture, insoluble matter, and unsaponifiable matter, and not more than about 20% by weight of the fatty acid content is in the form of glycerides;
If less than 0.75 equivalents of calcium hydroxide are present, a product is provided provided that the fatty acid profile contains at least 25% by weight saturated fatty acids.
[0017]
These and other features and benefits of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of the preferred embodiment.
Detailed Description of Preferred Embodiments
The present invention provides a method by which a highly unsaturated fatty acid feedstock can be converted into a free flowing powder or a granular fatty acid calcium salt rumen bypass feed supplement. The use of highly unsaturated fatty acid feedstocks greatly deviates from conventional methods for producing fatty acid calcium salt feed supplements.
[0018]
The method of the present invention may use either a batch method or a continuous method. In the general process according to the invention, the fatty acid raw material is added to the production vessel. Mixing must take place until the reaction is designed so that the calcium oxide and fat mixture are in intimate and thorough contact to obtain a homogeneous dispersion of calcium oxide particles. The reaction kettle can be in either a vertical or horizontal configuration and the apparatus is operated adiabatically (no external heat input or heat output) and need not be covered for heat input. This type of internal mixing element compensates for various disadvantages, including those with propellers, turbines, plows with chopper blades, or preferably with “Cowles” mixing blades, but others You may apply. These devices are also suitable for dispersing and homogenizing the water fraction in the fat mixture and calcium oxide.
[0019]
An unsaturated fatty acid feedstock containing from about 50 to about 95 weight percent unsaturated C16-C22 fatty acid is used. The unsaturated fatty acid feedstock must contain no more than about 6% moisture, insolubles, and unsaponifiables, and no more than about 20% by weight of the fatty acid must be in glyceride form. In general, unsaturated fatty acids containing 16 to 22 carbon atoms and 1 to 6 double bonds are suitable for use in the present invention. Polyunsaturated fatty acids are preferred, conjugated polyunsaturated fatty acids are more preferred, and CLA is most preferred. Other examples of desired polyunsaturated fatty acids include omega-3 series fatty acids and omega-6 series fatty acids.
[0020]
Any source of unsaturated fatty acids may be used, including principally animal, plant, or fish fatty acid sources. This includes vegetable oil and its by-products such as lard, tallow, canola oil, sunflower oil, safflower oil, rapeseed oil, soybean oil, olive oil, corn oil, and distillates and soap ingredients of fish oil and its by-products. . Pre-treatment may be required to reduce moisture, insolubles, unsaponifiables, and glycerides to less than about 10% by weight. The level of glycerides such as monoglycerides, diglycerides, and triglycerides may be reduced by hydrolysis or saponification. Because conjugated polyunsaturated fatty acids are used, the pretreatment step may include an isomerization reaction that results in conjugated polyunsaturation.
[0021]
The unsaturated fatty acid raw material is preferably selected on the basis of its use as a human dietary supplement, and the meat and milk of cattle fed with the fatty acid calcium salt product produced from the raw material will contain an effective amount of fatty acid calcium. The salt becomes fortified. CLA has already been disclosed as having use as a human dietary supplement.
[0022]
For the particularly preferred CLA, any isomer having use as a human dietary supplement, such as the 10, 12, and 9, 11 isomers, and mixtures thereof may be used. Included in the definition of the 10,12 isomer are trans 10, trans 12; trans 10, cis 12; cis 10, trans 12; and cis 10, cis 12. Similarly, the 9,11 isomers include trans 9, trans 11; trans 9, cis 11; cis 9, trans 11; and cis 9, cis 11 isomers. Mixtures of these various 10, 12, and 9, 11 isomers may be used. Similarly, other mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acid cis and trans isomers contemplated for use in the present invention may be used, including mixtures thereof.
[0023]
A particularly preferred CLA raw material is CLA-60 obtained from Natural, Inc. of Vernon Hills, IL. CLA-60 contains about 60 to about 70% by weight of various CLA isomers, and the total amount of unsaturated fatty acids is about 90 to 95% by weight. Thus, to produce a commercially acceptable fatty acid calcium salt from CLA-60, use more than 1.75 equivalents of calcium oxide or provide a mixture containing at least 25% by weight saturated fatty acids. An effective amount of a second fatty acid source containing higher levels of saturated fatty acids must be incorporated into CLA-60.
[0024]
In other words, when the amount of calcium oxide to be used is less than 1.75 equivalents relative to the amount of fatty acid, the amount of saturated fatty acid in the raw material must be at a level of 25% by weight or more. A raw material containing less than 25% by weight saturated fatty acid must be blended with a second fatty acid raw material containing an effective amount of saturated fatty acid greater than 25% by weight to produce a saturated fatty acid greater than 25% by weight. A preferred source of saturated fatty acids is palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD). A second fatty acid feedstock containing higher levels of saturated fatty acids may be present in the formulation at a level of about 5 wt% or less and about 50 wt%, preferably about 5 to about 30 wt%. Such a formulation may be reacted with greater than 1.75 equivalents of calcium oxide, but if the saturated fatty acid level is greater than 25% by weight, to obtain a commercially acceptable product, the Such calcium oxide levels are not necessary.
[0025]
Saturated fatty acids have a higher melting point than unsaturated fatty acids. Accordingly, it may be necessary to heat the unsaturated fatty acid raw material in order to form a uniform liquid mixture containing a second fatty acid raw material with a mixed unsaturated fatty acid content of 25% by weight or more. A temperature of about 80 ° C. or less is suitable, and a temperature of about 50 to about 60 ° C. is preferred.
[0026]
Calcium oxide in the range of about 1.0 to about 2.5 equivalents to the fatty acid raw material is added to the fatty acid raw material. In order to use highly unsaturated fatty acid feedstocks, calcium oxide levels above about 1.4 equivalents are preferred, and about 1.75 equivalents are more preferred. Most preferred is a calcium oxide level of about 2.0 to 2.3 equivalents. For CLA-60, it has been determined that the optimal fatty acid calcium salt rumen bypass feed supplement can be obtained using 2.2 equivalents of calcium oxide relative to CLA-60.
[0027]
Thereafter, when water is added to hydrate calcium oxide to the hydroxide form, a large amount of heat is generated. Since the heat generated is sufficient to complete the fatty acid neutralization reaction, it is not necessary thereafter to supply heat to the reaction mixture from an external heat source. About 2 to about 5 equivalents of water to calcium oxide are added to the reaction mixture, with about 2.5 to about 3.5 equivalents being preferred.
[0028]
Excess water is converted into steam by the generated external heat and rapidly evaporates. The reaction may be carried out under atmospheric pressure or under vacuum to suck the vapor.
The total time required for the reaction is typically from about 5 to about 60 minutes, more typically from about 6 to about 10 minutes. The reaction is easily confirmed by transforming the mixture into a solid particle mass. Upon further stirring, the mass is further transformed into a free-flowing particulate material that can be easily processed into free-flowing particles when transferred from the reactor.
[0029]
As an optional component of the method of the present invention, a bioactive material may be included. The term “bioactive material” means any substance capable of oral administration contained in a feed composition. Preferred bioactive materials are susceptible to inactivation by rumen microorganisms and digestive fluids and are therefore protected from inactivation by incorporation into the fatty acid calcium salts of the present invention. The bioactive material can be selected from a wide range of nutrients and drugs, either as a single component or a mixture of multiple components, which are exemplified in the following list of active molecular species:
[0030]
1. Sugars and complex carbohydrates such as both water-soluble and water-insoluble monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides. Particularly preferred sugars include sugar cane mitsu and sugar beet by-products.
2. Arginine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, valine, ethyl tyrosine hydrochloride, alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, sodium glutamate, potassium glutamate, glycine, proline, serine, ethylcystine hydrochloride, and the like Any single or combined amino acid components, such as analogs and salts
3. Thiamine hydrochloride, riboflavin, hydrochloric pyrodoxine, niacin, inositol, choline chloride, calcium pantothenate, biotin, folic acid, ascorbic acid, vitamin B 12, p-aminobenzoic acid, acetic vitamin A, vitamin K, vitamin B, such as Vitamin E Vitamin ingredients, either single or combined
4). Either single or combined, such as cobalt, copper, manganese, iron, zinc, tin, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, iodine, chlorine, silicon, vanadium, selenium, calcium, magnesium, sodium, and potassium compounds Trace element component [0033]
5). Dried blood meal or meat meal, meat and bone meal, cottonseed meal, soybean meal, rapeseed meal, sunflower meal, canola meal, safflower meal, dried alfalfa, corn gluten meal, soy protein concentrate, potato protein, dry sterilized animal manure and chicken manure Fish meal, fish and chicken protein isolate, crab protein concentrate, hydrolyzed protein feather meal, poultry by-product, liquid or powdered egg, whey, egg albumin, casein, fish soluble, cell cream, beer residue, etc. Protein components obtained from the source
6). Either a single or combined drug component, such as promazine hydrochloride, chloromedoniate acetate, chlorotetracycline, sulfamethazine, monensin, sodium monensin, poloxaline, oxytetracycline, BOVATEC, etc.
7). Antioxidants such as butylhydroxyanisole, butylhydroxytoluene, tertiary butylhydroquinone, tocopherol, propyl gallate, and ethoxyquin, and sodium sorbate, potassium sorbate, sodium benzoate, propionic acid, α-hydroxybutyric acid, etc. Preservative [0036]
The bioactive material is present at a level of about 20% by weight or less based on the fatty acid.
The unsaturated fatty acid calcium salt rumen bypass feed supplement of the present invention may be conveniently mixed with conventional ruminant feed and fed to ruminants. The feed typically consists of legume hey, grass hay, corn silage, grass silage, legume silage, corn, oats, barley, alcohol brew, beer mash, soybean meal, And edible plant material for ruminants such as cottonseed meal. According to US Pat. No. 5,143,737, ruminants are fed 2-15% by weight, preferably about 3-10% by weight of rumen-protected unsaturated fatty acids and the modified milk fat And meat fat was produced. There are no specific limits on the calcium salt added to ruminant feed, but in practice, if the amount of calcium salt is less than about 1% of the dry solids of the feed, it is too small to significantly modify milk fat or fat. .
[0037]
Ruminants fed the unsaturated fatty acid calcium salt of the present invention produce higher levels of unsaturated milk and fat. The food containing more unsaturated fat and less saturated fat is useful as a food for mammals, especially humans.
[0038]
The following non-limiting examples illustrate certain aspects of the present invention. Unless otherwise noted, all percentages and percentage values are by weight and all temperatures are in degrees Celsius.
[0039]
【Example】
Example 1
13.8 pounds (6251.4 grams) of calcium oxide was added to a vertical mixer equipped with a Cowles-type mixing blade containing 69.6 pounds of CLA-60 (31528.8 grams). CLA-60 contained 65 wt% CLA and 95 wt% free fatty acid. The total amount of unsaturated fatty acids was 90% by weight. CLA-60 was heated to a temperature of 60 ° C. before adding calcium oxide. After the calcium oxide was uniformly dispersed, 10.8 pounds (4892.4 grams) of water was added to raise the temperature of the mixture to 120 ° C. Stirring was continued until a uniform homogeneous mixture was obtained and transferred from the reactor to a tray to complete the reaction and the product was cooled. The final product was pulverized to produce a non-powder free-flowing granulate with a total lipid content of about 83% by weight.
[0040]
Example 2
33.8 pounds (15311.4 grams) of palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) is added to 68.5 pounds (31030.5 grams) of CLA-60 heated to 60 ° C. to obtain a uniform homogeneous mixture. Until stirred. With further stirring, 18.4 pounds (8335.2 grams) of calcium oxide was added. After the calcium oxide was uniformly dispersed, 15.2 pounds (6885.6 grams) of water was added to raise the temperature of the mixture to 120 ° C. The product was recovered as in Example 1, but the fat content was 85% by weight.
[0041]
Despite reducing the amount of calcium oxide relative to fat, a free-flowing granular product was obtained. The amount of calcium oxide was 20% by weight based on CLA plus 14% by weight based on PFAD.
[0042]
Example 3
The following components were reacted according to the method of Example 2.
CLA 4884 lbs (22125052 grams)
PFAD 2085 lb (9444505 grams)
1504 pounds of calcium oxide (681312 grams)
1716 pounds of water (777348 grams)
A free-flowing granular product with a total fat content of 82.25% by weight was obtained.
[0043]
Examples 5-9
The following examples demonstrate the importance of using higher levels of calcium oxide or higher levels of saturated fatty acids. In Examples 5 to 8, calcium oleate was prepared according to the method of Example 1 and Example 9 according to the method of Example 2. The amount used is shown in Table 1.
[0044]
[Table 1]
In Examples 5 and 7, a high-strength material was produced and could not be properly granulated, but Example 7 showed some improvement. Example 6 was the best product from a commercial perspective. Example 8 was an improvement over Examples 5 and 7, but Example 9 was much better and commercially acceptable.
[0045]
Thus, according to the present invention, in the form well known and accepted in the dairy and cattle industry as a supplement for cattle feed to produce meat and dairy products enriched with unsaturated fatty acids of interest as human nutrients. A method of preparing a rumen-protected fatty acid calcium salt is provided. The foregoing examples and description of the preferred embodiments should be taken as illustrative rather than limiting, and the present invention defined by the claims. It will be readily appreciated that numerous variations and combinations of the features set forth above can be utilized without departing from the present invention as set forth in the claims. Such variations do not depart from the spirit and scope of the invention, and all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the claims.
Claims (23)
(a)本質的に、
(i )65〜95重量%の不飽和C16〜C22脂肪酸と、
(ii)5〜40重量%の飽和C14〜C22脂肪酸と、
(iii )6重量%以下の水分、不溶物、及び不鹸化物と、から成る不飽和脂肪酸原料を提供するステップと、
(b)前記不飽和脂肪酸原料に対し1.4〜2.5モル当量の酸化カルシウムを前記不飽和脂肪酸原料に添加することにより、反応混合物を形成するステップと、
(c)前記酸化カルシウムに対し2〜5モル当量の水を前記反応混合物に添加することにより、前記酸化カルシウムが水和して前記脂肪酸を中和し前記カルシウム塩を形成するステップと、を含み、
1.75モル当量未満の酸化カルシウムを添加する場合には、不飽和脂肪酸原料が少なくとも25重量%の飽和脂肪酸を含み、前記酸化カルシウムを添加する前記ステップの前に前記不飽和脂肪酸原料を融点を超える温度に加熱することを条件とする方法。A method for preparing a free flowing calcium salt of a highly unsaturated fatty acid, comprising:
(A) In essence,
(I) 65 to 95% of unsaturated C16~C22 fatty acids,
(Ii) 5-40% by weight of saturated C14-C22 fatty acids;
(Iii) providing an unsaturated fatty acid raw material comprising 6% by weight or less of moisture, insoluble matter, and unsaponifiable matter;
(B) forming a reaction mixture by adding 1.4 to 2.5 molar equivalents of calcium oxide to the unsaturated fatty acid raw material to the unsaturated fatty acid raw material;
(C) adding 2 to 5 molar equivalents of water to the calcium oxide to the reaction mixture, whereby the calcium oxide is hydrated to neutralize the fatty acid to form the calcium salt. ,
When adding less than 1.75 molar equivalents of calcium oxide, the unsaturated fatty acid raw material contains at least 25% by weight saturated fatty acid, and the unsaturated fatty acid raw material has a melting point prior to the step of adding the calcium oxide. A method subject to heating to a temperature exceeding.
(a)65〜95重量%の不飽和C16〜C22脂肪酸と、 (A) 65-95% by weight of unsaturated C16-C22 fatty acids;
(b)5〜40重量%の飽和C14〜C22脂肪酸と、 (B) 5-40% by weight of saturated C14-C22 fatty acids;
(c)6重量%以下の水分、不溶物、及び不鹸化物と、から成り、20重量%以下がグリセリドの形態であり、 (C) 6 wt% or less of water, insoluble matter, and unsaponifiable matter, and 20 wt% or less is in the form of glycerides,
0.75モル当量未満の前記水酸化カルシウムが存在する場合には、前記脂肪酸分が少 When there is less than 0.75 molar equivalent of the calcium hydroxide, the fatty acid content is low. なくとも25重量%の前記飽和脂肪酸を含むことを条件とする生成物。A product provided that it contains at least 25% by weight of said saturated fatty acid.
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| US09/675,745 US6392075B1 (en) | 2000-09-29 | 2000-09-29 | Method for manufacturing calcium salts of highly unsaturated fatty acids |
| PCT/US2001/030573 WO2002026666A2 (en) | 2000-09-29 | 2001-10-01 | Method for manufacturing calcium salts of highly unsaturated fatty acids |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US6392075B1 (en) * | 2000-09-29 | 2002-05-21 | Norel Acquisition Corp. | Method for manufacturing calcium salts of highly unsaturated fatty acids |
| US7098352B2 (en) * | 2001-11-16 | 2006-08-29 | Virtus Nutrition Llc | Calcium salt saponification of polyunsaturated oils |
| US20030130348A1 (en) * | 2001-11-16 | 2003-07-10 | Strohmaier George K. | Polyunsaturated oil saponification |
| US6414171B1 (en) * | 2001-11-27 | 2002-07-02 | Her Majesty In Right Of Canada, As Represented By The Minister Of Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada | Method for commercial preparation of conjugated linoleic acid from by-products of vegetable oil refining |
| CA2524451C (en) * | 2003-05-06 | 2012-04-03 | Virtus Nutrition Llc | Rumen bypass calcium salts of trans and polyunsaturated fatty acids |
| US20050171367A1 (en) * | 2004-02-03 | 2005-08-04 | Terry DeLoach | Method for manufacturing a combined fatty acid / lecithin ruminally protected feed supplement. |
| EA200602014A1 (en) * | 2004-04-30 | 2007-08-31 | ВИРТУС НЬЮТРИШН ЭлЭлСи | SYNTHESIS OF SALTS OF MONOVALENT AND DOUBLE-VALUE METALS OF POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS |
| US8137719B2 (en) * | 2004-08-27 | 2012-03-20 | Adm Alliance Nutrition, Inc. | High-fat animal feed pellets and method for making same |
| EP1983041A4 (en) * | 2005-12-30 | 2010-09-22 | Norel S A | Method for producing calcium soaps for animal feed |
| US9167834B2 (en) * | 2006-01-31 | 2015-10-27 | Gary L. Rohwer | Preparing oil seed for ruminant feed |
| KR100864112B1 (en) * | 2006-12-13 | 2008-10-17 | 대한민국(관리부서:농촌진흥청) | Method of manufacturing rumen protective fat with added amino acids |
| AU2008296423B2 (en) | 2007-08-31 | 2011-12-08 | Jh Biotech, Inc. | Preparation of fatty acids in solid form |
| CN101337877B (en) * | 2008-08-07 | 2011-05-25 | 中山市华明泰化工材料科技有限公司 | Method for preparing higher fatty acid alkali salt |
| US10076127B2 (en) | 2009-12-21 | 2018-09-18 | Archer Daniels Midland Company | Process for modifying protein digestion of ruminant feeds and products produced therefrom |
| US8178707B2 (en) | 2010-03-25 | 2012-05-15 | Jost Chemical Company | Co-precipitated salts of fatty acids |
| CN102417444A (en) * | 2010-09-28 | 2012-04-18 | 江苏中鼎化学有限公司 | Production process for producing fatty acid calcium by one-step water method |
| CN105566090B (en) * | 2014-10-13 | 2018-12-11 | 浙江医药股份有限公司新昌制药厂 | A kind of preparation method of polyunsaturated fatty acid calcium |
| MX2020010247A (en) * | 2018-03-29 | 2020-10-16 | Ajinomoto Kk | Additive composition for ruminant feeds. |
| RU2686835C1 (en) * | 2018-05-03 | 2019-04-30 | Сергей Васильевич Лунков | Method of producing calcium salts of fatty acids - stepped saponification |
| WO2021016593A1 (en) * | 2019-07-25 | 2021-01-28 | Perdue Agribusiness Llc | High oleic fatty acid feedstocks for ruminant feed, methods of preparation and uses |
| CN111960940A (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2020-11-20 | 龙晓丽 | A kind of preparation method and application of palm oil fatty acid calcium |
| CN113121332A (en) * | 2021-03-29 | 2021-07-16 | 湖南万象生物科技有限公司 | Method for reducing content of unsaponifiable matters in high-purity oleic acid |
| CN114214372A (en) * | 2021-12-20 | 2022-03-22 | 新疆天药生物科技有限公司 | Method for synthesizing long-chain liquid unsaturated fatty acid calcium salt |
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| US6392075B1 (en) | 2002-05-21 |
| BR0114320A (en) | 2004-01-13 |
| WO2002026666A3 (en) | 2003-01-30 |
| NO20031454D0 (en) | 2003-03-28 |
| CA2357899E (en) | 2011-07-05 |
| KR20030061816A (en) | 2003-07-22 |
| CN1649816A (en) | 2005-08-03 |
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| NO20031454L (en) | 2003-05-27 |
| AU2001293191B2 (en) | 2006-02-02 |
| IL155131A0 (en) | 2003-10-31 |
| CA2357899A1 (en) | 2002-02-05 |
| WO2002026666A2 (en) | 2002-04-04 |
| EP1296922B1 (en) | 2009-08-05 |
| EP1296922A4 (en) | 2004-09-08 |
| US20020137958A1 (en) | 2002-09-26 |
| AU9319101A (en) | 2002-04-08 |
| HK1081524A1 (en) | 2006-05-19 |
| DE60139476D1 (en) | 2009-09-17 |
| JP2004510034A (en) | 2004-04-02 |
| PL361208A1 (en) | 2004-09-20 |
| ES2188432T3 (en) | 2010-01-05 |
| CA2357899C (en) | 2004-08-10 |
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