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JP3771619B2 - Liquid crystal display element - Google Patents

Liquid crystal display element Download PDF

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JP3771619B2
JP3771619B2 JP1532396A JP1532396A JP3771619B2 JP 3771619 B2 JP3771619 B2 JP 3771619B2 JP 1532396 A JP1532396 A JP 1532396A JP 1532396 A JP1532396 A JP 1532396A JP 3771619 B2 JP3771619 B2 JP 3771619B2
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liquid crystal
display element
acrylate
meth
crystal display
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JPH09211462A (en
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駿介 小林
靖文 飯村
真吾 片岡
浩史 長谷部
晴義 高津
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DIC Corp
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Dainippon Ink and Chemicals Co Ltd
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Description

【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、液晶表示素子、特に強誘電性液晶表示素子に関する。
【従来の技術】
クラーク及びラガーウオルにより提案された強誘電性液晶を用いた液晶表示素子(特開昭56−107216号公報に記載)は双安定性を有し、且つ電界の変化に対する応答が高速であることから、大画面で高精細な液晶表示素子としての応用が期待されている。
しかしながら、双安定性を有していることから、中間調の表示が難しいという問題があった。
【本発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明が解決しようとする課題は、強誘電性液晶を用いた液晶素子において、中間調の表示を可能にする技術を提供することにある。
【課題を発明するための手段】
本発明者等は上記課題を解決するため液晶素子中の液晶層の構造について鋭意検討した結果、かかる課題が、液晶層中に液晶性(メタ)アクリレートを含有する光硬化性組成物の光硬化物を含有させることによって解決できることを見いだし本発明を提供するに至った。即ち、一対の電極層を有する基板間に配向制御膜と液晶層とを有する液晶素子において、液晶層が少なくとも液晶性(メタ)アクリレートを含有する光硬化性組成物の光硬化物及び強誘電性液晶材料を含有しており、且つ一対の電極層間に電圧を印加していない状態における液晶性(メタ)アクリレートの液晶骨格の配向方向と強誘電性液晶材料の配向方向のなす角度が5度以内であることを特徴とする液晶表示素子を提供する。本発明の液晶表示素子は液晶層中に液晶性(メタ)アクリレートを含有する光硬化性組成物の光硬化物を分散させて含有させ、液晶性骨格を有する高分子鎖による強誘電性液晶材料の配向安定化効果により、電圧を印加していない状態では、液晶性(メタ)アクリレートの液晶骨格の配向と強誘電性液晶材料の配向方向のなす角度が5度以内である同一な配向状態を実現させたものであり、また電圧を印加すると強誘電性液晶の自発分極により強誘電性液晶材料の配向方向と液晶性(メタ)アクリレートの液晶骨格の配向方向のなす角度が5度以内ではなくなり、電圧の変化によって強誘電性液晶材料の配向方向と液晶性(メタ)アクリレートの液晶骨格の配向方向のなす角度が連続的に変化する性質が付与されたものである。従って本発明の液晶表示素子は、例えば2枚の偏光板と用いることで、印加する電圧を変化させることにより透過光量を連続的に制御することができ、面積階調等の特別な手段を用いることなく中間調の表示を可能にしたものである。この液晶性(メタ)アクリレートを含有する光硬化性組成物の光硬化物の液晶骨格の配向としては、強誘電性液晶材料の電界に対する応答を妨げないように、また強誘電性液晶材料の均一な配向状態を得るために、電極層を有する基板面に対して水平配向で且つ、均一な一軸配向であり、その一軸配向の方向が配向制御膜の容易軸方向と一致しているのが好ましい。
また、良好な表示特性を得るために、液晶層に含有される液晶性(メタ)アクリレートの液晶骨格の配向方向(ダイレクター)と強誘電性液晶材料の配向方向(ダイレクター)のなす角度が5度以内であることが望ましく、液晶骨格の配向方向と強誘電性液晶材料の配向方向が同一方向であることが更に好ましい。通常、本発明の液晶表示素子は、2枚の偏光板と組み合わせて使用するが、少なくとも一方の偏光板の偏光軸は、液晶層中の強誘電性液晶材料の配向方向と平行又は直角に設定するのが好ましい。また、本発明の液晶表示素子は、双安定性を有していないため、MIM(メタルインシュレーターメタル)素子、TFT(薄膜トランジスター)素子又は薄膜ダイオード素子のような能動素子を用いて駆動するのが好ましい。また、液晶層中の液晶性(メタ)アクリレートを含有する光硬化性組成物の光硬化物の濃度は、0.1から10重量%に調整するのが好ましく、0.5から7重量%に調製するのが更に好ましく、1から5重量%が特に好ましい。もし、液晶層中の液晶性(メタ)アクリレートを含有する光硬化性組成物の光硬化物の濃度が0.1%より低いと、液晶層に含有される液晶性(メタ)アクリレートの液晶骨格の配向方向と強誘電性液晶材料の配向方向のなす角度が5度以内に安定化させることができず、また10%より多いと、駆動電圧が増大してしまう。光硬化性組成物中に含有される液晶性(メタ)アクリレートとしては、例えば、一般式(I)
【化4】

Figure 0003771619
(式中、Xは水素原子又はメチル基を表わし、6員環A、B及びCはそれぞれ独立的に、
【化5】
Figure 0003771619
を表わし、nは0又は1の整数を表わし、mは1から4の整数を表わし、Y1及びY2はそれぞれ独立的に、単結合、−CH2CH2−、−CH2O−、−OCH2−、−COO−、−OCO−、−C≡C−、−CH=CH−、−CF=CF−、−(CH24−、−CH2CH2CH2O−、−OCH2CH2CH2−、−CH2=CHCH2CH2−又は−CH2CH2CH=CH−を表わし、Y3は単結合、−COO−、−OCO−を表わし、Rは炭素原子数1から18の炭化水素基を表わす。)で表わされる化合物を挙げることができる。その中でも特に、上記一般式(I)において、6員環A、B及びCはそれぞれ独立的に、
【化6】
Figure 0003771619
を表わし、mは1又は2の整数を表わし、 1 及びY 2 はそれぞれ独立的に、単結合又は−C≡C−を表わす化合物が好ましい。
このような化合物の代表的なものの例と、その相転移温度を示すが、本発明で使用することができる単官能アクリレート又は単官能メタクリレート化合物は、これらの化合物に限定されるものではない。
【化7】
Figure 0003771619
【化8】
Figure 0003771619
【化9】
Figure 0003771619
(上記中、シクロヘキサン環はトランスシクロヘキサン環を表わし、また相転移温度スキームのCは結晶相、Nはネマチック相、Sはスメクチック相、Iは等方性液体相を表わし、数字は相転移温度を表わす。)
また、液晶層中に含有される強誘電性液晶材料は、通常この技術分野で強誘電性液晶と認識されるものであれば、特に制限なく使用することができるが、強誘電性液晶材料はカイラルスメクチックC相より上の温度領域でスメクチックA相及びネマチック相を呈するものを使用するのが好ましい。また、液晶層中の強誘電性液晶材料の濃度は、90〜99.9重量%が好ましく、93〜99.5重量%がより好ましく、更に95〜99重量%がより好ましい。配向制御膜は従来用いられているラビング処理を施したポリイミド配向膜を特に制限なく用いることができる。またポリビニルシンナメート薄膜やポリイミド薄膜等に偏光紫外線を照射した、ラビング処理を施していない配向制御膜も用いることができる。液晶層の厚さは、使用する強誘電液晶の屈折率の異方性にも依存するが、1から20ミクロンであることが好ましく、1.5から10ミクロンが更に好ましく、1.5から6ミクロンが特に好ましい。本発明の液晶表示素子は、例えば以下に説明する方法で製造することができる。まず、一対の電極層と配向制御膜を有する基板間に、液晶性(メタ)アクリレートを含有する光硬化性組成物及び強誘電性液晶材料を含有する液晶組成物を注入し、更に注入した液晶組成物がスメクチックA相又はネマチック相を示す状態を保ちながら、注入した液晶組成物に紫外線もしくは電子線を照射することにより、液晶性(メタ)アクリレートを含有する光硬化性組成物を高分子化させ光硬化物を得ることにより本発明の液晶表示素子を製造することができる。つまり、液晶性(メタ)アクリレートを含有する光硬化性組成物及び強誘電性液晶材料を含有する液晶組成物を、スメクチックA相もしくはネマチック相において配向制御膜の容易軸方向に一軸配向させ、この状態で紫外線もしくは電子線を照射し、液晶性(メタ)アクリレートの液晶骨格を配向制御膜の容易軸方向に一致させた状態で固定化する。その結果、液晶性(メタ)アクリレートの液晶骨格を有する光硬化物の高分子安定化効果により液晶性(メタ)アクリレートの液晶骨格の配向方向と強誘電性液晶材料の配向方向とのなす角度を5度以内、好ましくは同一方向になるように制御することができる。従って、使用する強誘電性液晶材料はカイラルスメクチックC相より上の温度領域でスメクチックA相を呈するものを使用するのが好ましく、更に好ましくは、良好な配向状態を得るためスメクチックC相より上の温度領域でスメクチックA相及びネマチック相を呈するものを使用するのが好ましい。また、液晶性(メタ)アクリレートを含有する光硬化性組成物は、強誘電性液晶材料の液晶性を損なわないように、光硬化性組成物として液晶性を有するものを使用することが好ましく、ネマチック液晶相を有するものが更に好ましく、スメクチックA液晶相を有するものが特に好ましい。また、液晶性(メタ)アクリレートを含有する光硬化性組成物及び強誘電性液晶材料を含有する液晶組成物には、その保存安定性を向上させる目的で、安定剤を添加してもよい。ここで使用することができる安定剤としては、例えば公知のヒドロキノン、ヒドロキノンモノアルキルエーテル類、第三ブチルカテコール類等から選択して使用することができる。またその添加量は、液晶組成物中に含有される光硬化性組成物に対して0.05重量%以下であることが好ましい。また、光硬化性組成物を高分子化させる行程における紫外線又は電子線の照射量は、使用する液晶組成物及び光重合開始剤の濃度にも依存するが、50から10000mJ/cm2の範囲が好ましい。紫外線又は電子線の照射量が、50mJ/cm2以下であると、光硬化性組成物が十分に硬化せず、製造後の経時変化が大きくなってしまい、10000mJ/cm2以上であると液晶組成物自体が劣化してしまう傾向がある。
【実施例】
以下、本発明の実施例を示し、本発明を更に詳細に説明する。しかしながら、本発明はこれらの実施例に限定されるものではない。
(実施例1)ITO(インジウムチンオキサイド)透明電極を形成した厚さ1.1mmのガラス基板の片面に、N−メチルピロリジノン(NMP)に2%の濃度でポリビニルシンナメートを溶解させた溶液を、スピンコーターを用いて塗布した。その後、ポリビニルシンナメートを塗布した基板を180℃で一時間加熱して乾燥させた。乾燥させた基板を室温まで冷却した後、中心波長313nmで強度約30mW/cm2の偏光紫外線を2分間照射した。このようにして得た2枚のポリビニルシンナメート薄膜を形成したITO透明電極付き基板を、ポリビニルシンナメート薄膜が形成された面が内側になるようにして1.7ミクロンの間隔をもって対向させて液晶セル(A)を作製した。この時、液晶セル(A)の2枚の基板は、偏光紫外線照射時における偏光紫外線の振動方向が重なる向きになるようにして設定した。次に、液晶性アクリレート化合物(a)
【化10】
Figure 0003771619
を49.5重量部、液晶性アクリレート化合物(d)
【化11】
Figure 0003771619
を49.5重量部及び光重合開始剤「イルガキュア651」(チバガイギー製)1重量部からなる光硬化性組成物(I)を調製した。この光硬化性組成物(I)は、室温から46℃の範囲でネマチック液晶性を示した。この光硬化性組成物(I)3重量部と強誘電性液晶「CS−1014」(チッソ製)97重量部からなる液晶組成物(L−1)を調製した。次に液晶セル(A)を85℃に保ちながら、液晶組成物(L−1)を等方性液体相のまま注入し、その後徐々に温度を60℃まで下げることにより、液晶組成物(L−1)を等方性液体相からネマチック相に、更にスメクチックA相まで相転移させた。液晶セル(A)に注入した液晶組成物(L−1)を60℃に保ち、スメクチックA相を示している状態で、中心波長365nmで強度40mW/cm2の紫外線を照射して液晶組成物中に含有される光硬化性組成物(I)を光硬化させた。室温まで冷却後、得られた液晶素子を偏光顕微鏡で観察したところ、強誘電性液晶は均一な一軸配向をしており、その方向はポリビニルシンナメートへの偏光紫外線照射時における偏光紫外線の振動方向と直角をなしていた。また、偏光顕微鏡下で、得られた液晶素子を透明点付近まで昇温することにより、液晶性アクリレート硬化物の液晶骨格の配向を観察したところ、液晶性アクリレート硬化物の液晶骨格の配向は、強誘電性液晶の配向方向と同一方向であることが確かめられた。
第1図に、2枚の直交する偏光板の間に得られた液晶素子を挟み、電圧を印加していない状態での強誘電性液晶の配向方向を偏光板の偏光軸と一致させて配置した時の、本発明の液晶表示素子の電気光学特性を示した。また第2図に2枚の直交する偏光板の間に得られた液晶素子を挟み、−5Vの電圧を印加した状態での強誘電性液晶の配向方向を偏光板の偏光軸と一致させて配置した時の、本発明の液晶表示素子の電気光学特性を示した。以上の図から、本発明の液晶表示素子は印加する電圧を変えることで、透過率を制御できる、つまり、中間調の表示が可能であることがわかる。
(比較例1)実施例1で作製したものと同じ液晶セル(A)を85℃に保ちながら、強誘電性液晶「CS−1014」(チッソ製)を等方性液体相のまま注入し、その後徐々に温度を室温まで下げることにより、強誘電性液晶「CS−1014」を等方性液体相からネマチック相、スメクチックA相を経由させてカイラルスメクチックC相まで相転移させた。偏光顕微鏡下で得られた液晶素子に電圧を印加したところ、双安定性に基づく光学スイッチング挙動が観察され、中間調表示は得られなかった。
【発明の効果】
本発明の液晶表示素子は、強誘電性液晶を用いた表示素子において、中間調の表示を可能にしたものである。従って、本発明の液晶表示素子はTFT素子等と組み合わせることにより視角特性に優れた中間調表示が可能な表示素子として有用である。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】実施例1における本発明の液晶表示素子の電気光学特性を示した図である。
【図2】実施例1における本発明の液晶表示素子の電気光学特性を示した図である。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display element, and more particularly to a ferroelectric liquid crystal display element.
[Prior art]
Since the liquid crystal display element using the ferroelectric liquid crystal proposed by Clark and Lagerwall (described in JP-A-56-107216) has bistability and has a high response to a change in electric field, Applications as liquid crystal display elements with large screens and high definition are expected.
However, since it has bistability, there is a problem that halftone display is difficult.
[Problems to be solved by the present invention]
The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a technique that enables halftone display in a liquid crystal element using a ferroelectric liquid crystal.
[Means for Invention]
As a result of intensive studies on the structure of the liquid crystal layer in the liquid crystal element in order to solve the above problems, the present inventors have found that such a problem is the photocuring of a photocurable composition containing a liquid crystalline (meth) acrylate in the liquid crystal layer. The present inventors have found that the problem can be solved by including a product. That is, in a liquid crystal element having an alignment control film and a liquid crystal layer between a substrate having a pair of electrode layers, the photocured product and ferroelectricity of a photocurable composition in which the liquid crystal layer contains at least liquid crystalline (meth) acrylate. The angle formed by the alignment direction of the liquid crystal skeleton of the liquid crystalline (meth) acrylate and the alignment direction of the ferroelectric liquid crystal material is within 5 degrees when the liquid crystal material is contained and no voltage is applied between the pair of electrode layers. A liquid crystal display element is provided. The liquid crystal display element of the present invention is a ferroelectric liquid crystal material comprising a polymer chain having a liquid crystalline skeleton, in which a photocured product of a photocurable composition containing a liquid crystalline (meth) acrylate is dispersed in a liquid crystal layer. Due to the effect of stabilizing the alignment, when the voltage is not applied, the same alignment state in which the angle formed by the alignment of the liquid crystal skeleton of the liquid crystalline (meth) acrylate and the alignment direction of the ferroelectric liquid crystal material is within 5 degrees. When the voltage is applied, the angle between the orientation direction of the ferroelectric liquid crystal material and the orientation direction of the liquid crystal skeleton of the liquid crystalline (meth) acrylate is not less than 5 degrees due to the spontaneous polarization of the ferroelectric liquid crystal. The property is such that the angle between the orientation direction of the ferroelectric liquid crystal material and the orientation direction of the liquid crystal skeleton of the liquid crystalline (meth) acrylate is continuously changed by a change in voltage. Accordingly, the liquid crystal display element of the present invention can be used with, for example, two polarizing plates to continuously control the amount of transmitted light by changing the applied voltage, and uses special means such as area gradation. This makes it possible to display halftones without any problems. The orientation of the liquid crystal skeleton of the photocured product of the photocurable composition containing the liquid crystalline (meth) acrylate is such that the response of the ferroelectric liquid crystal material to the electric field is not disturbed, and the ferroelectric liquid crystal material is uniform. In order to obtain a simple alignment state, it is preferable that the alignment is horizontal and uniform uniaxial alignment with respect to the substrate surface having the electrode layer, and the direction of the uniaxial alignment coincides with the easy axis direction of the alignment control film. .
Further, in order to obtain good display characteristics, the angle formed by the alignment direction (director) of the liquid crystal skeleton of the liquid crystalline (meth) acrylate contained in the liquid crystal layer and the alignment direction (director) of the ferroelectric liquid crystal material is It is desirable that it is within 5 degrees, and it is more preferable that the alignment direction of the liquid crystal skeleton and the alignment direction of the ferroelectric liquid crystal material are the same direction. Usually, the liquid crystal display element of the present invention is used in combination with two polarizing plates, but the polarization axis of at least one polarizing plate is set parallel or perpendicular to the alignment direction of the ferroelectric liquid crystal material in the liquid crystal layer. It is preferable to do this. Further, since the liquid crystal display element of the present invention does not have bistability, it is driven using an active element such as an MIM (Metal Insulator Metal) element, a TFT (Thin Film Transistor) element, or a thin film diode element. preferable. The concentration of the photocured product of the photocurable composition containing the liquid crystalline (meth) acrylate in the liquid crystal layer is preferably adjusted to 0.1 to 10% by weight, and preferably 0.5 to 7% by weight. It is more preferred to prepare and especially 1 to 5% by weight. If the concentration of the photocured product of the photocurable composition containing liquid crystalline (meth) acrylate in the liquid crystal layer is lower than 0.1%, the liquid crystal skeleton of the liquid crystalline (meth) acrylate contained in the liquid crystal layer The angle formed between the alignment direction of the ferroelectric liquid crystal material and the alignment direction of the ferroelectric liquid crystal material cannot be stabilized within 5 degrees, and if it exceeds 10%, the driving voltage increases. Examples of the liquid crystalline (meth) acrylate contained in the photocurable composition include, for example, the general formula (I)
[Formula 4]
Figure 0003771619
(In the formula, X represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and the 6-membered rings A, B and C are each independently,
[Chemical formula 5]
Figure 0003771619
N represents an integer of 0 or 1, m represents an integer of 1 to 4, Y 1 and Y 2 are each independently a single bond, —CH 2 CH 2 —, —CH 2 O—, —OCH 2 —, —COO—, —OCO—, —C≡C—, —CH═CH—, —CF═CF—, — (CH 2 ) 4 —, —CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 O—, — OCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 —, —CH 2 ═CHCH 2 CH 2 — or —CH 2 CH 2 CH═CH—, Y 3 represents a single bond, —COO—, —OCO—, and R represents a carbon atom. The hydrocarbon group of the number 1 to 18 is represented. ) Can be mentioned. Among these, in the general formula (I), the 6-membered rings A, B and C are each independently
[Chemical 6]
Figure 0003771619
M represents an integer of 1 or 2, and Y 1 and Y 2 are each independently a single bond or a compound representing —C≡C— .
Although the example of the typical thing of such a compound and its phase transition temperature are shown, the monofunctional acrylate or monofunctional methacrylate compound which can be used by this invention is not limited to these compounds.
[Chemical 7]
Figure 0003771619
[Chemical 8]
Figure 0003771619
[Chemical 9]
Figure 0003771619
(In the above, the cyclohexane ring represents a transcyclohexane ring, and C in the phase transition temperature scheme represents a crystalline phase, N represents a nematic phase, S represents a smectic phase, I represents an isotropic liquid phase, and the number represents the phase transition temperature. Represents.)
The ferroelectric liquid crystal material contained in the liquid crystal layer can be used without particular limitation as long as it is generally recognized as a ferroelectric liquid crystal in this technical field. It is preferable to use a material exhibiting a smectic A phase and a nematic phase in a temperature region above the chiral smectic C phase. The concentration of the ferroelectric liquid crystal material in the liquid crystal layer is preferably 90 to 99.9% by weight, more preferably 93 to 99.5% by weight, and still more preferably 95 to 99% by weight. As the alignment control film, a conventionally used polyimide alignment film subjected to rubbing treatment can be used without particular limitation. In addition, an alignment control film which is not subjected to rubbing treatment and which is irradiated with polarized ultraviolet rays on a polyvinyl cinnamate thin film, a polyimide thin film, or the like can also be used. The thickness of the liquid crystal layer depends on the refractive index anisotropy of the ferroelectric liquid crystal to be used, but is preferably 1 to 20 microns, more preferably 1.5 to 10 microns, and 1.5 to 6 Micron is particularly preferred. The liquid crystal display element of the present invention can be produced, for example, by the method described below. First, between the substrate having a pair of electrode layers and an alignment control film, a photocurable composition containing liquid crystalline (meth) acrylate and a liquid crystal composition containing a ferroelectric liquid crystal material were injected, and further injected liquid crystal By irradiating the injected liquid crystal composition with ultraviolet rays or an electron beam while keeping the composition exhibiting a smectic A phase or a nematic phase, a photocurable composition containing liquid crystalline (meth) acrylate is polymerized. The liquid crystal display element of the present invention can be manufactured by obtaining a photocured product. That is, a photocurable composition containing a liquid crystalline (meth) acrylate and a liquid crystal composition containing a ferroelectric liquid crystal material are uniaxially aligned in the easy axis direction of the alignment control film in a smectic A phase or a nematic phase. The state is irradiated with ultraviolet rays or an electron beam, and the liquid crystal (meth) acrylate liquid crystal skeleton is fixed in a state where it coincides with the easy axis direction of the alignment control film. As a result, the angle between the alignment direction of the liquid crystal skeleton of the liquid crystalline (meth) acrylate and the alignment direction of the ferroelectric liquid crystal material is determined by the polymer stabilizing effect of the photocured product having the liquid crystal skeleton of the liquid crystal (meth) acrylate. It can be controlled within 5 degrees, preferably in the same direction. Therefore, it is preferable to use a ferroelectric liquid crystal material that exhibits a smectic A phase in the temperature region above the chiral smectic C phase, and more preferably above the smectic C phase to obtain a good alignment state. It is preferable to use those exhibiting a smectic A phase and a nematic phase in the temperature range. In addition, the photocurable composition containing a liquid crystalline (meth) acrylate is preferably one having liquid crystallinity as the photocurable composition so as not to impair the liquid crystallinity of the ferroelectric liquid crystal material. Those having a nematic liquid crystal phase are more preferable, and those having a smectic A liquid crystal phase are particularly preferable. In addition, a stabilizer may be added to the photocurable composition containing the liquid crystalline (meth) acrylate and the liquid crystal composition containing the ferroelectric liquid crystal material for the purpose of improving the storage stability. Examples of the stabilizer that can be used here include those selected from known hydroquinones, hydroquinone monoalkyl ethers, tert-butylcatechols, and the like. Moreover, it is preferable that the addition amount is 0.05 weight% or less with respect to the photocurable composition contained in a liquid-crystal composition. In addition, the irradiation amount of ultraviolet rays or electron beams in the process of polymerizing the photocurable composition depends on the liquid crystal composition used and the concentration of the photopolymerization initiator, but ranges from 50 to 10,000 mJ / cm 2 . preferable. When the irradiation amount of the ultraviolet ray or the electron beam is 50 mJ / cm 2 or less, the photocurable composition is not sufficiently cured, and the change with time after the production becomes large, and the liquid crystal is 10000 mJ / cm 2 or more. The composition itself tends to deteriorate.
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples. However, the present invention is not limited to these examples.
Example 1 A solution of polyvinyl cinnamate dissolved in N-methylpyrrolidinone (NMP) at a concentration of 2% on one surface of a 1.1 mm thick glass substrate on which an ITO (indium tin oxide) transparent electrode was formed. The film was applied using a spin coater. Thereafter, the substrate coated with polyvinyl cinnamate was dried by heating at 180 ° C. for 1 hour. The dried substrate was cooled to room temperature, and then irradiated with polarized ultraviolet rays having a central wavelength of 313 nm and an intensity of about 30 mW / cm 2 for 2 minutes. The thus obtained two substrates with the ITO transparent electrode on which the polyvinyl cinnamate thin film is formed are opposed to each other with a distance of 1.7 microns so that the surface on which the polyvinyl cinnamate thin film is formed faces inside. A cell (A) was produced. At this time, the two substrates of the liquid crystal cell (A) were set so that the directions of vibration of the polarized ultraviolet rays when the polarized ultraviolet rays were irradiated overlap each other. Next, a liquid crystalline acrylate compound (a)
[Chemical Formula 10]
Figure 0003771619
49.5 parts by weight of a liquid crystal acrylate compound (d)
Embedded image
Figure 0003771619
A photocurable composition (I) comprising 49.5 parts by weight and 1 part by weight of a photopolymerization initiator “Irgacure 651” (manufactured by Ciba Geigy) was prepared. This photocurable composition (I) exhibited nematic liquid crystal properties in the range of room temperature to 46 ° C. A liquid crystal composition (L-1) comprising 3 parts by weight of the photocurable composition (I) and 97 parts by weight of a ferroelectric liquid crystal “CS-1014” (manufactured by Chisso) was prepared. Next, while maintaining the liquid crystal cell (A) at 85 ° C., the liquid crystal composition (L-1) is injected in the isotropic liquid phase, and then the temperature is gradually lowered to 60 ° C. -1) was phase transitioned from the isotropic liquid phase to the nematic phase and further to the smectic A phase. The liquid crystal composition (L-1) injected into the liquid crystal cell (A) is kept at 60 ° C. and is irradiated with ultraviolet light having a central wavelength of 365 nm and an intensity of 40 mW / cm 2 in a state showing a smectic A phase. The photocurable composition (I) contained therein was photocured. When the obtained liquid crystal element was observed with a polarizing microscope after cooling to room temperature, the ferroelectric liquid crystal had a uniform uniaxial orientation, and the direction was the vibration direction of the polarized ultraviolet light when the polyvinyl cinnamate was irradiated with polarized ultraviolet light. At right angles. Moreover, when the orientation of the liquid crystal skeleton of the liquid crystalline acrylate cured product was observed by raising the temperature of the obtained liquid crystal element to near the clearing point under a polarizing microscope, the orientation of the liquid crystal skeleton of the liquid crystalline acrylate cured product was It was confirmed that it was the same direction as the orientation direction of the ferroelectric liquid crystal.
When the liquid crystal element obtained is sandwiched between two orthogonal polarizing plates in FIG. 1 and the alignment direction of the ferroelectric liquid crystal in a state where no voltage is applied is aligned with the polarizing axis of the polarizing plate. The electro-optical characteristics of the liquid crystal display element of the present invention were shown. In FIG. 2, the obtained liquid crystal element is sandwiched between two orthogonal polarizing plates, and the alignment direction of the ferroelectric liquid crystal in a state where a voltage of −5 V is applied is aligned with the polarizing axis of the polarizing plate. The electro-optical characteristics of the liquid crystal display element of the present invention were shown. From the above figures, it can be seen that the transmittance of the liquid crystal display element of the present invention can be controlled by changing the applied voltage, that is, halftone display is possible.
(Comparative Example 1) While maintaining the same liquid crystal cell (A) as that prepared in Example 1 at 85 ° C., the ferroelectric liquid crystal “CS-1014” (manufactured by Chisso) was injected as isotropic liquid phase, Thereafter, the temperature was gradually lowered to room temperature to cause the ferroelectric liquid crystal “CS-1014” to undergo phase transition from the isotropic liquid phase to the chiral smectic C phase via the nematic and smectic A phases. When voltage was applied to the liquid crystal element obtained under a polarizing microscope, optical switching behavior based on bistability was observed, and halftone display was not obtained.
【The invention's effect】
The liquid crystal display element of the present invention enables halftone display in a display element using a ferroelectric liquid crystal. Therefore, the liquid crystal display element of the present invention is useful as a display element capable of halftone display with excellent viewing angle characteristics when combined with a TFT element or the like.
[Brief description of the drawings]
1 is a diagram showing electro-optical characteristics of a liquid crystal display element of the present invention in Example 1. FIG.
2 is a graph showing electro-optical characteristics of the liquid crystal display element of the present invention in Example 1. FIG.

Claims (6)

一対の電極層を有する基板間に配向制御膜と液晶層とを有する液晶素子において、液晶層が少なくとも液晶性(メタ)アクリレートを含有する光硬化性組成物の光硬化物及び強誘電性液晶材料を含有しており、液晶層における液晶性(メタ)アクリレートを含有する光硬化性組成物の光硬化物の濃度が0.1〜10重量%であり、且つ一対の電極層間に電圧を印加していない状態における液晶性(メタ)アクリレートの液晶骨格の配向方向と強誘電性液晶材料の配向方向のなす角度が5度以内であることを特徴とする液晶表示素子。  In a liquid crystal device having an alignment control film and a liquid crystal layer between a substrate having a pair of electrode layers, a photocured product and a ferroelectric liquid crystal material of a photocurable composition in which the liquid crystal layer contains at least liquid crystalline (meth) acrylate The concentration of the photocured product of the photocurable composition containing liquid crystalline (meth) acrylate in the liquid crystal layer is 0.1 to 10% by weight, and a voltage is applied between the pair of electrode layers. A liquid crystal display element, wherein an angle formed by the alignment direction of the liquid crystal skeleton of the liquid crystalline (meth) acrylate and the alignment direction of the ferroelectric liquid crystal material is 5 degrees or less. 液晶性(メタ)アクリレートの液晶骨格の配向方向と強誘電性液晶材料の配向方向が同一方向であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の液晶表示素子。  2. The liquid crystal display element according to claim 1, wherein the alignment direction of the liquid crystal skeleton of the liquid crystalline (meth) acrylate and the alignment direction of the ferroelectric liquid crystal material are the same direction. 液晶性(メタ)アクリレートの液晶骨格の配向方向が、配向制御膜の容易軸方向と一致していることを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載の液晶表示素子。  3. The liquid crystal display element according to claim 1, wherein the alignment direction of the liquid crystal skeleton of the liquid crystalline (meth) acrylate is coincident with the easy axis direction of the alignment control film. 液晶性(メタ)アクリレートが一般式(I)
Figure 0003771619
(式中、Xは水素原子又はメチル基を表わし、6員環A、B及びCはそれぞれ独立的に、
Figure 0003771619
を表わし、nは0又は1の整数を表わし、mは1から4の整数を表わし、Y1及びY2はそれぞれ独立的に、単結合、−CH2CH2−、−CH2O−、−OCH2−、−COO−、−OCO−、−C≡C−、−CH=CH−、−CF=CF−、−(CH24−、−CH2CH2CH2O−、−OCH2CH2CH2−、−CH2=CHCH2CH2−又は−CH2CH2CH=CH−を表わし、Y3は単結合、−COO−、−OCO−を表わし、Rは炭素原子数1から18の炭化水素基を表わす。)で表わされる化合物であることを特徴とする請求項1、2又は3記載の液晶表示素子。
Liquid crystalline (meth) acrylate is represented by the general formula (I)
Figure 0003771619
(In the formula, X represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and the 6-membered rings A, B and C are each independently,
Figure 0003771619
N represents an integer of 0 or 1, m represents an integer of 1 to 4, Y 1 and Y 2 are each independently a single bond, —CH 2 CH 2 —, —CH 2 O—, —OCH 2 —, —COO—, —OCO—, —C≡C—, —CH═CH—, —CF═CF—, — (CH 2 ) 4 —, —CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 O—, — OCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 —, —CH 2 ═CHCH 2 CH 2 — or —CH 2 CH 2 CH═CH—, Y 3 represents a single bond, —COO—, —OCO—, and R represents a carbon atom. The hydrocarbon group of the number 1 to 18 is represented. 4. The liquid crystal display element according to claim 1, wherein the compound is a compound represented by the formula:
一般式(I)において、6員環A、B及びCはそれぞれ独立的に、
Figure 0003771619
を表わし、mは1又は2の整数を表わし、 1 及びY 2 はそれぞれ独立的に、単結合又は−C≡C−を表わすことを特徴とする請求項4記載の液晶表示素子。
In the general formula (I), the 6-membered rings A, B and C are each independently
Figure 0003771619
The liquid crystal display element according to claim 4 , wherein m represents an integer of 1 or 2, and Y 1 and Y 2 each independently represent a single bond or —C≡C— .
薄膜トランジスタ素子、メタルインシュレーターメタル素子又は薄膜ダイオード素子等の能動素子によって駆動されることを特徴とする請求項1、2、3、4又は5記載の液晶表示素子。  6. The liquid crystal display element according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal display element is driven by an active element such as a thin film transistor element, a metal insulator metal element, or a thin film diode element.
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US5594569A (en) 1993-07-22 1997-01-14 Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. Liquid-crystal electro-optical apparatus and method of manufacturing the same
US7227603B1 (en) 1993-07-22 2007-06-05 Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. Liquid-crystal electro-optical apparatus and method of manufacturing the same
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US7202497B2 (en) 1997-11-27 2007-04-10 Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. Semiconductor device
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JP2003186054A (en) * 2001-12-17 2003-07-03 Catalysts & Chem Ind Co Ltd Liquid crystal display cell
US7253438B2 (en) * 2003-03-20 2007-08-07 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Liquid crystal display apparatus and manufacturing method therefor
JP5040400B2 (en) * 2007-03-30 2012-10-03 Dic株式会社 Polymer stabilized liquid crystal composition and polymer stabilized liquid crystal display device
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