JP3765758B2 - DNA encoding novel D-aminoacylase and method for producing D-amino acid using the same - Google Patents
DNA encoding novel D-aminoacylase and method for producing D-amino acid using the same Download PDFInfo
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- JP3765758B2 JP3765758B2 JP2002026052A JP2002026052A JP3765758B2 JP 3765758 B2 JP3765758 B2 JP 3765758B2 JP 2002026052 A JP2002026052 A JP 2002026052A JP 2002026052 A JP2002026052 A JP 2002026052A JP 3765758 B2 JP3765758 B2 JP 3765758B2
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- aminoacylase
- tryptophan
- acetyl
- concentration
- amino acid
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、産業上実用的な基質濃度で高活性を示し、特にN−アセチル−DL−トリプトファンよりD−トリプトファンを立体選択的に効率よく生成する事を可能とするな新規なD−アミノアシラーゼ及びそれを用いたN−アシルアミノ酸からD−アミノ酸を製造する方法に関する。さらに本発明は、このD−アミノアシラーゼをコードする塩基配列、それを含有するプラスミド及びこのプラスミドにより形質転換された形質転換体に関する。さらに本発明は、この形質転換体を用いたD−アミノアシラーゼの生産方法に関する。また、本発明は、この形質転換体、その培養液及びこれらの処理物の形でD−アミノアシラーゼをN−アシルアミノ酸に作用させてN−アシルアミノ酸から対応する光学活性D−アミノ酸を製造する方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
D−アミノ酸は様々な農薬、抗生物質、医薬品の中間体として重要な化合物であり、その合成法が盛んに研究されている。現在、DL−アミノ酸の分割は物理化学的、化学的、酵素的方法で行なう事が出来るが、酵素的方法が最も簡便であり、有利な方法と考えられる。酵素的方法の一つとして例えば、D−アミノアシラーゼを用いてN−アセチル−DL−アミノ酸を加水分解し、対応するD−アミノ酸を直接生産する方法が知られている。
【0003】
D−アミノアシラーゼの起源としては、シュウドモナス(Pseudomonas)属(特公昭60−31477号公報)、ストレプトミセス(Streptomyses)属(特公昭53−36035号公報)、アルカリゲネス(Alcaligenes)属(特公平07−83711号公報)ロドコッカス属(Rhodococcus)、ピメロバクター(Pimelobacter)属(特開平06−227789号公報)アースロバクター(Arthrobacter)属、コリネバクテリウム(Corynebacterium)属、エルビニア(Erwinia)属、エシュリヒア(Eschheria)属、フラボバクテリウム(Flavobacterium)属、ノカルディア(Nocardia)属、プロタミノバクター(Protaminobacter)属、キサントモナス(Xanthomonas)属(特開平11−113592号公報)、アミコラトプシス(Amycolatopsis)属(特開平11−98982号公報)、セベキア(Sebekia)属(特開平11−318442号公報)、ヒポミセス(Hypomyces)属、フザリウム(Fusarium)属、オーリクラリア(auricularia)属、フィシウム(Pythium)属、メニスポロプシス(Menisporopsis)属(特開平12−41684号公報)などの細菌、放線菌またはかびに属する微生物が知られており、これらに由来するD−アミノアシラーゼをN−アシルアミノ酸に作用させてD−アミノ酸を製造することが報告されている。
【0004】
しかしながら、これらD−アミノアシラーゼは実用的な基質濃度での活性が充分ではなく、産業上実用的なD−アミノアシラーゼが望まれていた。特にN−アセチル−D−トリプトファンの加水分解については、実用的な基質濃度での酵素の活性は低く、産業上満足のできる酵素とは呼べなかった。近年、N−アセチル−D−トリプトファンに作用してD−トリプトファンを生成することの出来るD−アミノアシラーゼとしてTokuyamaらがヒポミセス(Hypomyces)属のD−アミノアシラーゼ(特開平13−275688号公報)をChirotechTechnology Limited社のTaylorらがアルカリゲネス(Alcaligenes)属のD−アミノアシラーゼ(WO00/23598)を報告しているが、どちらのD−アミノアシラーゼも10g/l程度までのN−アセチル−D−トリプトファンを加水分解するに過ぎず、実用的な基質濃度での反応を触媒できる酵素とは言い難い。
【0005】
D−アミノ酸は医薬品原料などとして重要な化合物であり、安価な製法開発が望まれている。しかしながら、D−アミノ酸を効率よく触媒する事が出来るD−アミノアシラーゼはこれまで一切知られていなかった。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の目的は、産業上実用的な基質濃度で充分な高活性を示し、N−アシル−DL−アミノ酸よりD−アミノ酸を効率よく生成する事が出来る新規なD−アミノアシラーゼ及びそれを用いたN−アシルアミノ酸からの対応するD−アミノ酸の製造方法を提供することにある。本発明の他の目的は、このD−アミノアシラーゼの生産及びD−アミノアシラーゼを用いたD−アミノ酸の製造に有用な材料としてのD−アミノアシラーゼをコードする塩基配列からなるDNA、この塩基配列からなるDNAを組み込んだプラスミド及びこのプラスミドで形質で宿主を形質転換して得られた形質転換体を提供することにある。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは上記課題を解決すべく、種々の微生物由来のD−アミノアシラーゼについて、それらの性質を評価した。基質濃度と反応速度の相関性を調べたところ、驚くべき事に公知のD−アミノアシラーゼにおいては、基質濃度が高いほど反応速度は著しく低下するといった現象、すなわち基質による酵素活性の阻害現象を見出す事が出来た。この現象は特に基質がN−アセチル−D−トリプトファンの場合が著しく、それゆえに従来のD−アミノアシラーゼにおいては実用的な基質濃度でN−アセチル−DL−トリプトファンよりD−トリプトファンを効率的に生成する事が困難となっているのではないかと考察するに至った。
【0008】
そこで、本発明者らは様々な微生物について、N−アセチル−D−トリプトファンに対して阻害のかかりにくく、基質濃度が高い場合も高活性を示す新規なD−アミノアシラーゼの探索した結果、メチロバクテリウム(Methylobacterium)属に属する微生物及びノカルディオイデス(Nocardioides)属に属する微生物において、目的に適う新規なD−アミノアシラーゼ活性を有する微生物を発見した。そして、メチロバクテリウム(Methylobacterium)属に属する微生物由来のD−アミノアシラーゼを種々の精製方法を組合せて、配列番号:3に示されるN末端アミノ酸残基の配列の決定に成功した。さらに本発明者等は配列表の配列番号:1に示される塩基配列を有するDNAを獲得することにより、この塩基配列を有するDNA断片を含んだプラスミドによる形質転換体を取得し、上記のD−アミノアシラーゼを活性型として産生させること、さらには実用的な基質濃度においてN−アシルアミノ酸から対応するD−アミノ酸を高効率的で製造することに成功し、本発明を完成するに至った。
【0009】
上記の本発明者らによる新たな知見に基づいて成された本発明は以下の各態様を含むものである。
(1) N−アシル−D−アミノ酸に作用して対応するD−アミノ酸を生成する反応を触媒する作用を有するD−アミノアシラーゼであって、水性媒体中でN−アセチル−D−トリプトファンからD−トリプトファンを生成する反応を触媒する際におけるN−アセチル−D−トリプトファンの濃度が50g/lの場合の反応速度が、N−アセチル−D−トリプトファンの濃度が5g/lの場合の反応速度に対して少なくとも40%である事を特徴とするD−アミノアシラーゼ。
(2) N−アセチル−D−トリプトファンの濃度が100g/lの場合の反応速度が、N−アセチル−D−トリプトファンの濃度が5g/lの場合の反応速度に対して少なくとも20%である上記項目(1)に記載のD−アミノアシラーゼ。
(3) メチロバクテリウム(Methylobacterium)属又はノカルディオイデス(Nocardioides)属に属する微生物由来である上記項目(1)に記載のD−アミノアシラーゼ。
(4) メチロバクテリウム(Methylobacterium)属に属する微生物がメチロバクテリウム・メソフィリカム(Methylobacterium mesophilicum)種、ノカルディオイデス(Nocardioides)属に属する微生物がノカルディオイデス・サーモリラシナス(Nocardioides thermolilacinus)種である上記項目(3)に記載のD−アミノアシラーゼ。
(5) ノカルディオイデス・サーモリラシナス(Nocardioides thermolilacin
us)種に属する微生物がノカルディオイデス・サーモリラシナス(Nocardioides
thermolilacinus)ATCC35863株である上記項目(4)に記載のD−アミノアシラーゼ。
(6)N−アシル−D−アミノ酸に作用して対応するD−アミノ酸を生成する反応を触媒する作用を有するD−アミノアシラーゼであって、
(A)配列表の配列番号:2記載のアミノ酸配列または
(B)該アミノ酸配列に対して前記触媒活性を維持し得る範囲内で1以上のアミノ酸残基の挿入、欠失または置換を行って得られる変異アミノ酸配列を有することを特徴とするD−アミノアシラーゼ。
(7) 水性媒体中でN−アセチル−D−トリプトファンからD−トリプトファンを生成する反応を触媒する際におけるN−アセチル−D−トリプトファンの濃度が50g/lの場合の反応速度が、N−アセチル−D−トリプトファンの濃度が5g/lの場合の反応速度に対して少なくとも40%である上記項目(6)に記載のD−アミノアシラーゼ。
(8) N−アセチル−D−トリプトファンの濃度が100g/lの場合の反応速度が、N−アセチル−D−トリプトファンの濃度が5g/lの場合の反応速度に対して少なくとも20%である上記項目(7)に記載のD−アミノアシラーゼ。
(9) N−アシル−D−アミノ酸に作用して対応するD−アミノ酸を生成する反応を触媒する作用を有するD−アミノアシラーゼをコードする塩基配列からなるDNAであって、
(a)配列表の配列番号:1記載の塩基配列または
(b)配列番号:1の塩基配列に対して該塩基配列がコードするD−アミノアシラーゼの作用が維持される範囲内で1以上の塩基の挿入、欠失または置換を行って得られる変異塩基配列
からなることを特徴とするD−アミノアシラーゼをコードする塩基配列からなるDNA。
(10) 前記変異塩基配列が、前記配列番号:1の塩基配列とストリンジェントな条件下でハイブリダイズするものである上記項目(9)に記載の塩基配列からなるDNA。
(11) D−アミノアシラーゼの水性媒体中でN−アセチル−D−トリプトファンからD−トリプトファンを生成する反応を触媒する際のN−アセチル−D−トリプトファンの濃度が50g/lの場合の反応速度が、N−アセチル−D−トリプトファンの濃度が5g/lの場合の反応速度に対して少なくとも40%である上記項目(9)に記載の塩基配列からなるDNA。
(12) N−アセチル−D−トリプトファンの濃度が100g/lの場合の反応速度が、N−アセチル−D−トリプトファンの濃度が5g/lの場合の反応速度に対して少なくとも20%である上記項目(11)に記載の塩基配列からなるDNA。
(13) 上記項目(9)に記載の塩基配列からなるDNAを含むプラスミド。
(14) 上記項目(13)に記載のプラスミドによって形質転換された形質転換体。
(15) 上記項目(14)に記載の形質転換体を培養して、該形質転換体に組み込まれたプラスミドの有する塩基配列によりコードされたD−アミノアシラーゼを生産させることを特徴とするD−アミノアシラーゼの産生方法。
(16) 水性媒体中でN−アシルアミノ酸にD−アミノアシラーゼを作用させて対応するD−アミノ酸を生産する光学活性アミノ酸の生産方法であって、該D−アミノアシラーゼが水性媒体中でN−アセチル−D−トリプトファンからD−トリプトファンを生成する反応を触媒する際におけるN−アセチル−D−トリプトファンの濃度が50g/lの場合の反応速度が、N−アセチル−D−トリプトファンの濃度が5g/lの場合の反応速度に対して少なくとも40%であることを特徴とする光学活性アミノ酸の生産方法。
(17) N−アセチル−D−トリプトファンの濃度が100g/lの場合の反応速度が、N−アセチル−D−トリプトファンの濃度が5g/lの場合の反応速度に対して少なくとも20%である上記項目16記載の生産方法。
(18) メチロバクテリウム(Methylobacterium)属又はノカルディオイデス(Nocardioides)属に属する微生物由来である上記項目16に記載の生産方法。
(19) メチロバクテリウム(Methylobacterium)属に属する微生物がメチロバクテリウム・メソフィリカム(Methylobacterium mesophilicum)種、ノカルディオイデス(Nocardioides)属に属する微生物がノカルディオイデス・サーモリラシナス(Nocardioides thermolilacinus)種である上記項目18記載の生産方法。
(20) ノカルディオイデス・サーモリラシナス(Nocardioides thermolilacinus)種に属する微生物がノカルディオイデス・サーモリラシナス(Nocardioides thermolilacinus)ATCC35863株である上記項目19記載の生産方法。
(21) N−アシルアミノ酸濃度が50g/l以上である上記項目16に記載の製造方法。
(22) N−アシルアミノ酸濃度が100g/l以上である上記項目21記載の製造方法。
(23) 水性媒体中でN−アシルアミノ酸にD−アミノアシラーゼを作用させて対応するD−アミノ酸を生産する光学活性アミノ酸の生産方法であって、該D−アミノアシラーゼが請求項6に記載のD−アミノアシラーゼであることを特徴とする光学活性アミノ酸の生産方法。
(24) 前記D−アミノアシラーゼが水性媒体中でN−アセチル−D−トリプトファンからD−トリプトファンを生成する反応を触媒する際のN−アセチル−D−トリプトファンの濃度が50g/lの場合の反応速度が、N−アセチル−D−トリプトファンの濃度が5g/lの場合の反応速度に対して少なくとも40%である上記項目23に記載の生産方法。
(25) N−アセチル−D−トリプトファンの濃度が100g/lの場合の反応速度が、N−アセチル−D−トリプトファンの濃度が5g/lの場合の反応速度に対して少なくとも20%である上記項目24に記載の生産方法。
(26) D−アミノアシラーゼを、請求項14に記載の形質転換体を培養して得られる培養液、該培養液から分離された形質転換体又はそれらの処理物の形でN−アシルアミノ酸に作用させる上記項目23に記載の生産方法。
(27) N−アシルアミノ酸濃度が50g/l以上である上記項目23に記載の製造方法。(28) N−アシルアミノ酸濃度が100g/l以上である上記項目27記載の製造方法。
【0010】
本発明にかかるD−アシルアミラーゼを用いることで産業上実用的な基質濃度を用いて改善された反応速度でのN−アシルアミノ酸からの対応するD−アミノ酸の製造が可能となる。更に、本発明によれば、この有用なD−アシルアミラーゼの遺伝子組み換え技術を用いた生産に有用な塩基配列からなるDNA、それを組み込んだプラスミド及びこのプラスミドで宿主を形質転換した形質転換体を提供することができる。
【0011】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明にかかるD−アミノアシラーゼは、N−アシル−D−アミノ酸に作用して対応するD−アミノ酸を生成する反応を触媒する作用を有する酵素であり、特にN−アセチル−D−トリプトファンに対して阻害がかかりにくく、基質濃度が高い場合も高活性を示すことに特徴を有するものである。このN−アセチル−D−トリプトファンによる阻害作用は、以下に記載する基質濃度と反応速度との関係により規定することができる。
I.水性媒体中においてN−アセチル−D−トリプトファンの濃度が50g/lの場合の反応速度が、N−アセチル−D−トリプトファンの濃度が5g/lの場合の反応速度に対して少なくとも40%である。
II.N−アセチル−D−トリプトファンの濃度が100g/lの場合の反応速度が、N−アセチル−D−トリプトファンの濃度が5g/lの場合の反応速度に対して少なくとも20%である。
【0012】
本発明にかかるD−アミノアシラーゼは上記の阻害に関する特性Iを有するものであり、上記阻害に関する特性I及びIIの両方を有するものが好ましい。従って、少なくとも上記阻害に関する特性IのD−アミノアシラーゼ活性を有する酵素であれば、いかなる微生物由来であっても、もしくは公知のD−アミノアシラーゼを遺伝子組換により改変したものであっても、本発明に包含されるものとする。
【0013】
更に、上記特性Iに関しては、N−アセチル−D−トリプトファンの濃度が50g/lの場合の反応速度が、N−アセチル−D−トリプトファンの濃度が5g/lの場合の反応速度に対して少なくとも50%、特に少なくとも60%である事が更に好ましい。また、上記特性IIに関しては、N−アセチル−D−トリプトファンの濃度が100g/lの場合の反応速度が、N−アセチル−D−トリプトファンの濃度が5g/lの場合の反応速度に対して少なくとも25%、特に少なくとも30%である事が更に好ましい。
【0014】
また本発明における基質濃度と反応速度の関係は次の様にして確認する事ができる。例えば、10g/l、50g/l、100g/l、200g/lの基質(N−アセチル−D−トリプトファン)をそれぞれ含む100mMのリン酸緩衝液200μlに反応に十分な活性量の酵素液を200μl添加し30℃において適当な時間反応させる。この反応によって生成するD−トリプトファンの量をHPLC法などで測定する事により、各基質濃度における酵素活性(反応速度)を比較する事ができる。本発明において反応速度を測定する際の水性媒体は、酵素反応を進行させることができるものであれば特に限定されず、水はもちろんの事、リン酸、トリス、クエン酸、酢酸、ホウ酸、グリシン、HEPES、MOPS、MES、CAPS、CHES、PIPESなどから適宜一種または二種以上選択して成る成分を水に含有させた緩衝液を用いることができる。反応温度はD−アミノアシラーゼが活性を発現できる、至適温度を含む温度範囲から選択することができ、例えば30℃〜60℃に維持する事が特に望ましい。また反応pHも、D−アミノアシラーゼが活性を維持できる範囲であればよく、特に至適pHを含むpH6〜11に維持する事が望ましい。また酵素は菌体の培養液そのものや該培養液より遠心分離などによって分離、回収して得られる菌体、また該菌体の抽出物、磨砕物、分離精製物を使用できる。また本発明において反応速度を測定する際の酵素の使用量や反応時間は有意に反応速度が測定できる条件、例えば反応速度の測定時間内で反応が飽和状態に達しない条件であればよく、基質となるN−アセチル−D−トリプトファンの濃度が5g/lの場合にD−トリプトファンの生成蓄積濃度が0.2g/l〜1g/l程度の条件である事が望ましい。
【0015】
本発明にかかるD−アミノアシラーゼの物性は以下のとおりである。
至適pH:pH8〜10(最適はpH9)
至適温度:60℃
熱安定性:40℃/20時間の熱処理で80%の残存活性を示す。
【0016】
本発明におけるD−アミノアシラーゼの一態様は、配列表の配列番号:2に記載のアミノ酸配列、あるいは配列番号:2に記載のアミノ酸配列に1もしくは2以上、好ましくは数個のアミノ酸がD−アミノアシラーゼ活性が維持し得る範囲内で置換、欠失、修飾または挿入または付加されたアミノ酸配列を有する。
【0017】
本発明におけるD−アミノアシラーゼをコードするポリヌクレオチドは配列表の配列番号:1に記載の塩基配列を含む。配列番号:1に示す塩基配列は、配列番号:2に示すタンパク質をコードする。ただし、配列番号:2に示すアミノ酸配列をコードする塩基配列には、配列番号:1に示す塩基配列のみならず、異なるコドンに基づくあらゆる塩基配列が含まれる。更に適宜置換、欠失、修飾または挿入または付加を導入する事によりポリヌクレオチドのホモログを得る事も可能である。本発明におけるポリヌクレオチドのホモログは配列番号:1に示す塩基配列に対して、これによりコードされるD−アシルアミラーゼが所定の酵素活性を維持し得る範囲内で塩基の置換、欠失または付加を行って得られるものである。このホモログには、例えば、配列番号:1の塩基配列の相補配列を有するポリヌクレオチドとストリンジェントな条件でハイブリダイズできる塩基配列を有するポリヌクレオチドを挙げることができる。
【0018】
このストリンジェントな条件でのハイブリダイゼ−ションは、例えばMolecular Cloning:Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press,Current Protocols in Molecular Biology;Wiley Interscienceに記載の方法によって行なう事ができ、市販のシステムとしては、GeneImageシステム(アマシャム)を挙げる事ができる。具体的には以下の操作によってハイブリダイゼ−ションを行なう事ができる。試験すべきDNAまたはRNA分子を転写した膜を製品プロトコールに従って、標識したプローブとプロトコール指定のハイブリダイゼ−ションバッファー中でハイブリダイズさせる。ハイブリダイゼ−ションバッファーの組成は、0.1重量%SDS、5重量%デキストラン硫酸、1/20溶のキット添付のブロッキング試薬及び2〜7×SSCからなる。ブロッキング試薬としては例えば、100×Denhardt‘s solution、2%(重量/容量)Bovine serum albumin、2%(重量/容量)FicllTM400、2%(重量/容量)ポリビニルピロリドンを5倍濃度で調整したものを1/20に希釈して使用する事ができる。20×SSCは、3M塩化ナトリウム、0.3Mクエン酸溶液であり、SSCは、より好ましくは3〜6×SSC、更に好ましくは4〜5×SSCの濃度で使用する。ハイブリダイゼ−ションの温度は40〜80℃、より好ましくは50〜70℃、更に好ましくは55〜65℃の範囲であり、数時間から一晩のインキュベーションを行なった後、洗浄バッファーで洗浄する。洗浄の温度は、好ましくは室温、より好ましくはハイブリダイゼーション時の温度である。洗浄バッファーの組成は6×SSC+0.1重量%SDS溶液、より好ましくは4×SSC+0.1重量%SDS溶液、更に好ましくは1×SSC+0.1重量%SDS溶液、最も好ましくは0.1×SSC+0.1重量%SDS溶液である。このような洗浄バッファーで膜を洗浄し、プローブがハイブリダイズしたDNA分子またはRNA分子をプローブに用いた標識を利用して識別する事ができる。
【0019】
本発明による新規なD−アミノアシラーゼには、Methylobacterium mesophilicum MT10894株由来のもの及びNocardioides thermolilacinus ATCC35863株由来のものが含まれる。Methylobacterium mesophilicum MT10894株は千葉県茂原市の土壌から分離した。その菌学的性質を示すと表1の通りである。
【0020】
【表1】
【0021】
以上の菌学的緒性質を「バージェイーズ・マニュアル・オブ・システマチック・バクテリオロジー第1巻(1984)ウイリアムス&ウイルキンス[Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology Vol.1(1984) Williams&Wilkins]」、「バージェイーズ・マニュアル・オブ・デターミティブ・バクテリオロジー第9版(1994)ウイリアムス&ウイルキンス[Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology Ninth Edition(1994) Williams&Wilkins]」、「ジー アイ バロー &アール ケイ エイ フェルタム版:コーエン アンド スチールス マニュアル フォー ザ アイデンティフィケーション オブ メディカル バクテリア 第3版 ケンブリッジ ユニバーシティ プレス (1993) [G.I Barrow and R.K.A.Feltham ed.,Cowan&Steel's Mannual for the Identification of Medical Bacteria 3rd .ed,Cambridge univ.press,(1993)]」の分類に当てはめて本株の同定を行った結果、本菌株はMethylobacterium mesophilicumに属すると考えられた。この菌株MT10894は受託番号FERM P−17771として茨城県つくば市東1丁目1番1号経済産業省産業技術総合研究所生命工学工業研究所に2000年3月8日付けで寄託され、平成14年1月21日付けのブタペスト条約に基づく国際寄託への移管により寄託番号はFERM BP−7856に変更された。
【0022】
本発明の新規なD−アミノアシラーゼをコードするDNAは、例えば、以下の様な方法によって単離することができる。微生物からゲノムDNAを精製し、制限酵素によって消化した後に得られたDNAを超遠心分離もしくは電気泳動等によって、その長さによって分画する。その分画試料のDNAを回収してプラスミドに組み込むことによってプラスミドライブラリーを作成し、その中からD−アミノアシラーゼ活性を持つクローンを選抜してD−アミノアシラーゼ遺伝子をコードするDNAを含むプラスミドを取得する。そのプラスミドの塩基配列を解析することによって、目的のD−アミノアシラーゼ遺伝子をコードするDNAの塩基配列が判明し、DNAの塩基配列からコードされているD−アミノアシラーゼのアミノ酸配列を推定することが出来る。
【0023】
上記のようにして単離された本発明のD−アミノアシラーゼをコードするDNAを、例えば宿主が大腸菌の場合、pUC18やpKK223−3、pBR322、BluescriptII SK(+)、pSC101などに代表される発現用のプラスミドに組み込むことにより、D−アミノアシラーゼ発現プラスミドが提供される。尚、形質転換に使用する宿主生物としては、組換えベクターが安定、かつ自律的に増殖可能で、さらに外来性DNAの形質が発現できるものであればよく、例として大腸菌が挙げられるが、特に大腸菌に限定されるものではない。
【0024】
そして、本発明においては該プラスミドで形質転換して得られた形質転換体を公知の情報に基づいて、培養することができ、本発明のD−アミノアシラーゼを産生させることができる。培地としては炭素源、窒素源、無機物及びその他の栄養素を適量含有する培地ならば合成培地または天然培地のいずれでも使用可能である。培養は前記培養成分を含有する液体培地中で振とう培養、通気攪拌培養、連続培養、流加培養などの通常の培養方法を用いて行なう事が出来る。培養条件は、培養の種類、培養方法により適宜選択すればよく、菌株が生育しD−アミノアシラーゼを産生できる条件であれば特に制限はない。
【0025】
また、本発明におけるD−アミノ酸の製造方法においては、D−アミノアシラーゼを、上記のD−アミノアシラーゼ生産菌の培養液そのものや、該培養液より遠心分離によって分離・回収して得られる形質転換菌体、該形質転換菌体の菌体処理物の形で利用することもできる。ここでいう菌体処理物とは、該形質転換菌体の抽出物や磨砕物、該抽出物や磨砕物のD−アミノアシラーゼ活性画分を分離・精製して得られる分離物、該形質転換菌体や該形質転換菌体の抽出物、磨砕物、分離物を適当な担体を用いて固定化した固定化物の事を示している。また宿主微生物由来の活性成分が該培養液そのものや、該培養液より遠心分離によって分離・回収して得られる形質転換菌体、該形質転換菌体の菌体処理物の本来の目的とする反応の反応性や選択性に悪影響を及ぼす場合が考えられる。この場合、該培養液そのものや、該培養液より遠心分離によって分離・回収して得られる形質転換菌体、該形質転換菌体の菌体処理物を反応に先立ってか、もしくは反応と同時に、有機溶媒処理または熱処理を施す事によって反応性や選択性を改善する事が可能である。有機溶媒としてはメタノール、エタノールなどのアルコール類やアセトン、THF、DMF、DMI、DMSOなどの水溶性の有機溶媒やトルエンやベンゼンなどの芳香族系有機溶媒、酢酸エチルや酢酸ブチルなどのエステル類、ヘキサンやヘプタンなどの炭化水素類、ジクロロメタンやクロロホルムなどのハロゲン化炭化水素類、ジエチルエーテルなどのエーテル類などから、適宜一種または二種以上選択して使用する事ができる。有機溶媒の使用量はD−アミノアシラーゼ活性の安定な範囲で使用すれば良い。また熱処理を行なう場合、40℃〜70℃程度で行なう事ができる。D−アミノアシラーゼの安定性を考慮すれば45℃〜55℃で行なう事が望ましい。熱処理時間はD−アミノアシラーゼ活性の安定な範囲であればよく、30分〜100分も行なえば充分である。
【0026】
本発明のD−アミノアシラーゼをN−アシル−D−アミノ酸に作用させる際には、D−アミノアシラーゼの活性や安定性など反応性にとって好ましい条件を選択することが望ましい。
【0027】
反応に用いる媒体としては、水あるいは各種緩衝液からなる水性媒体を用いることができる。緩衝液としては、リン酸、トリス、クエン酸、酢酸、ホウ酸、グリシン、HEPES、MOPS、MES、CAPS、CHES、PIPESなどから適宜一種または二種以上選択して成る成分を水に含有させた緩衝液を挙げることができる。
【0028】
また、反応効率や生産物の収率を更に向上させるために各種の添加剤を必要に応じて用いることができる。D−アミノアシラーゼには金属イオン、例えばZn2+やCo2+などで活性化されるものもあるため、これら2価金属を反応液に添加する事もできる。また逆に金属イオンにより阻害を受ける場合にはEDTAなどのキレート剤を添加する事もできる。
【0029】
本発明におけるD−アミノ酸の製造に用いる原料(N−アシルアミノ酸)としては、N−アシル−D−アミノ酸を含むものであって、DL体、D体の割合の多い光学活性体、D体のみからなるものなどを用いることができる。
【0030】
出発原料の濃度は特に制限はないが通常1g/l〜300g/l程度の濃度で用いられる。とりわけ反応性や経済性を鑑みれば、好ましくは50g/l以上、より好ましくは100g/l以上で、好ましくは200g/l以下の濃度が好適である。反応温度はD−アミノアシラーゼがその活性を発現できる温度に維持する事が好ましく、特に30〜60℃に維持する事が望ましい。また反応pHも、D−アミノアシラーゼがその活性を発現できるpHに維持する事が好ましく、特にpH6〜11に維持する事が望ましい。
【0031】
本発明の新規なD−アミノアシラーゼは種々のN−アシルアミノ酸のD体から対応するD−アミノ酸を生じる性質を有しており、本発明のD−アミノアシラーゼを用いてN−アシル−DL−アミノ酸より光学活性アミノ酸を工業的に有利に製造する事が可能である。適応可能なN−アシル−DL−アミノ酸としては特に制限されず、広い範囲の化合物から選択できる。代表的な好ましいN−アシル−DL−アミノ酸としては、N−アシル−DL−メチオニン、N−アシル−DL−ロイシン、N−アシル−DL−トリプトファン、N−アシル−DL−5−ヒドロキシトリプトファン、N−アシル−DL−フェニルアラニン、N−アシル−DL−フェニルグリシン、N−アシル−DL−ホモフェニルアラニン、N−アシル−DL−ビスホモフェニルアラニン、N−アシル−DL−p−ニトロフェニルアラニン、N−アシル−DL−p−フルオロフェニルアラニン、N−アシル−DL−p−クロロフェニルアラニン、N−アシル−DL−p−ブロモフェニルアラニン、N−アシル−DL−p−メトキシフェニルアラニン、N−アシル−DL−チロシン、、N−アシル−DL−p−シアノフェニルアラニン、N−アシル−DL−2−ピリジルアラニン、N−アシル−DL−3−ピリジルアラニン、N−アシル−DL−4−ピリジルアラニン、N−アシル−DL−o―ベンジルセリン、N−アシル−DL−S−フェニルシステイン、N−アシル−DL−1−ナフチルアラニン、N−アシル−DL−2−ナフチルアラニンなどを挙げることが出来る。更に好ましいN−アシル−DL−アミノ酸としてはN−アセチル−DL−アミノ酸が挙げられ、とりわけN−アセチル−D−フェニルアラニン、N−アセチル−D−トリプトファンに対して高い基質特異性を示す。
【0032】
【実施例】
以下、本発明を実施例によりさらに詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれら実施例に限定されるものではない。
【0033】
尚、反応性及び光学純度は、反応で生成するD−アミノ酸及び残存するN−アシルアミノ酸を高速液体クロマトグラフィ法(カラム:CROWNPAK CR(−)(ダイセル化学工業製)、カラム温度40℃、移動相:HClO4水溶液pH1.5、0〜15%メタノール(v/v)、流速0.8ml/min、検出210nm)で測定し、評価した。
【0034】
実施例1:メチロバクテリウム メソフィリカム(Methylobacterium mesophilicum)MT10894(FERM BP−7856)の培養
下記の組成の液体培地にあらかじめブイヨン寒天プレートに生育させた菌体を接種し30℃、40時間振とう培養してD−アミノアシラーゼの活性を有する菌体を得た。
(培地組成)
N−アセチル―DL−ロイシン:5g/L
グルコース: 10g/L
ペプトン:10g/L
リン酸2水素カリウム:1g/L
リン酸1水素カリウム:1g/L
硫酸マグネシウム7水和物:0.1g/L
イーストエキス:0.5g/L
pH7.0(KOHで調整)。
【0035】
実施例2:ノカルディオイデス・サーモリラシナス(Nocardioides thermolilacinus)(ATCC35863)の培養
下記の組成の液体培地にあらかじめブイヨン寒天プレートに生育させた菌体を接種し30℃、100時間振とう培養してD−アミノアシラーゼの活性を有する菌体を得た。
(培地組成)
N−アセチル―DL−ロイシン:5g/L
Czapek−Dox Liquid medium modified(Oxoid):5g/L
イーストエキス:2g/L
ビタミンアッセイカザミノ酸:10g/L
pH 7.2(KOHで調整)。
【0036】
実施例3:メチロバクテリウム メソフィリカム(Methylobacterium mesophilicum)MT10894(FERM BP−7856)及びノカルディオイデス・サーモリラシナス(Nocardioides thermolilacinus)(ATCC35863)由来D−アミノアシラーゼの基質濃度と反応速度の相関性
(粗酵素溶液)
実施例1及び2で示した方法により得られたメチロバクテリウム メソフィリカム(Methylobacterium mesophilicum)MT10894(FERM BP−7856)及びノカルディオイデス・サーモリラシナス(Nocardioides thermolilacinus)(ATCC35863)を用いて菌体溶液(0.1g/0.1Mリン酸バッファー(pH7.8)1ml)を調製し、超音波菌体破砕機により破砕、冷却遠心機にて破砕菌体を沈殿させた上清を粗酵素溶液とする。
(基質溶液)
N−アセチル−D−トリプトファンの濃度が200g/lとなるように0.1Mリン酸バッファー(pH7.8)に溶解したものを基質溶液とした。
(測定)
基質溶液を0.1Mリン酸バッファー(pH7.8)で容量希釈して5、25、50、100g/lの基質溶液を200μl調製した。粗酵素溶液を200μl添加、30℃で1時間反応後、1Mリン酸0.4mlを添加して反応を停止した。1N水酸化ナトリウム0.4mlを添加して析出した未反応アセチル体を溶解し、遠心分離にて菌体破砕物除去後、反応液中の生成D−トリプトファンをHPLCにて測定した。基質濃度5g/lとしたときの反応速度を100とし、25、50、100g/lとしたときの各菌株由来のD−アミノアシラーゼによるD−トリプトファン生成速度の相対値を表2に示す。
【0037】
【表2】
【0038】
比較例1:公知の菌株由来D−アミノアシラーゼの基質濃度と反応速度の相関性
公知のD−アミノアシラーゼ保有菌株であるアルカリゲネス デニトリフィカンス サブスウピーシーズ キシロースオキシダンス MI4(Alcaligenes denitrificans subsp.xylosodans MI4)(FERM P−9413)、ストレプトマイセス ツイルス(Streptomyces tuirus)(IFO13418)由来のD−アミノアシラーゼの基質濃度と反応速度の関係について調べた。それぞれの菌株の調製方法について以下に記す。アルカリゲネス デニトリフィカンス サブスウピーシーズ キシロースオキシダンス MI4(Alcaligenes denitrificans subsp.xylosodans MI4)(FERM P−9413)は実施例1記載の方法と同様に行なった。ストレプトマイセス ツイルス(Streptomyces tuirus)(IFO13418)は下記の組成の液体培地にて30℃で48時間培養を行なった。
(培地組成)
D−バリン:4g/L
グルコース:10g/L
ペプトン:10g/L
リン酸2水素カリウム:1g/L
リン酸1水素カリウム:1g/L
硫酸マグネシウム7水和物:0.5g/L
イーストエキス:10g/L
塩化コバルト:1mg/ml
pH7.0(KOHで調整)
粗酵素液の調製方法、基質液の調製方法、酵素活性の測定方法は実施例3に記載の通りに行なった。基質濃度5g/lとしたときの反応速度を100とし、25、50、100g/lとしたときの各菌株由来のD−アミノアシラーゼによるD−トリプトファン生成速度の相対値を表3に示す
【0039】
【表3】
【0040】
実施例4:メチロバクテリウム メソフィリカム(Methylobacterium mesophilicum)MT10894(FERM BP−7856)由来D−アミノアシラーゼのN末端アミノ酸配列決定
実施例1に示される方法でメチロバクテリウム メソフィリカムを培養して菌体を回収し、1mM DTT(Dithiothreitol)を添加した0.1Mリン酸バッファー(pH7.8)に懸濁した。懸濁液の状態で超音波破砕機によって菌体を破砕し、冷却遠心分離にて菌体破砕物を除去し、粗酵素溶液を得た。この粗酵素溶液に対して硫安を添加し、30〜60%の沈殿画分を脱塩後、DEAEトヨパールカラムに通してパス画分を回収した。この画分をさらにフェニルトヨパール、Q−セファロースによるクロマトグラフィーに供し、D−アミノアシラーゼ活性を持つ画分を得た。この画分についてドデシル硫酸ナトリウム−ポリアクリルアミドゲル電気泳動を行い、分子量約56kDaの位置にバンドを確認した。この56kDaタンパク質についてN末端アミノ酸配列の分析を行ったところ、配列番号:3に示す様にThr-Asp-Ser-Thr-Arg-と決定された。
【0041】
実施例5:メチロバクテリウム メソフィリカム(Methylobactrium mesophilicum)MT10894(FERM BP−7856)のゲノミックDNAライブラリー作成
実施例1に示した培養方法でメチロバクテリウム メソフィリカム(Methylobactrium mesophilicum)を2日間培養し、遠心分離で菌体を回収し、リン酸バッファー(pH7.8)で洗浄した。この菌体より「基礎生化学実験法2 抽出・分離・精製 阿南功一他著 丸善株式会社出版」記載によるバクテリアゲノムDNAの分離方法に従い、ゲノムDNAを調製した。調製したゲノムDNAを制限酵素Sac Iで完全消化して超遠心分離法にてDNAの長さによって分画し、3kb以上のDNAを回収した。それらのDNAと、制限酵素SacIで消化して5'末端を脱リン酸化したベクターpUC18とをDNA連結反応に供し、プラスミドライブラリーを作成した。このプラスミドライブラリーによって大腸菌DH5αを形質転換したものを50μg/mlのアンピシリンを添加したLB(Luria-Bertani)アガロース培地に塗布して静置培養し、コロニーを出現させた。
【0042】
実施例6:プラスミドライブラリーからのD−アミノアシラーゼ活性スクリーニング
実施例5で出現した個々のコロニーをLB培地(1%バクトトリプトン、0.5%バクトイーストエキストラクト、1%塩化ナトリウム、pH7.0)で37℃一晩液体振盪培養し、遠心分離によって形質転換体を沈殿させ、0.1Mリン酸バッファー(pH7.8)にて一回洗浄後、再び遠心分離にて菌体を回収した。回収した菌体を破砕したものを粗酵素溶液とし、基質であるN−アセチル−D−トリプトファンと反応させてD−トリプトファンを生成するD−アミノアシラーゼ活性を有する形質転換体を選抜した。以下にその測定法を示す。
(粗酵素溶液)
上記回収菌体を0.1mg/mlの濃度になるように0.1Mのリン酸バッファー(pH7.8)に懸濁し、超音波菌体破砕機にて菌体を破砕した後、冷却遠心機にて破砕菌体を沈殿させた上清を粗酵素溶液とした。
(基質溶液)
N−アセチル−D−トリプトファンの濃度が10g/lとなるように0.1Mリン酸バッファー(pH7.8)に溶解したものを基質溶液とした。
(測定)
基質溶液200μlに対し粗酵素溶液200μl添加、30℃、1時間反応後、1Mリン酸0.4mlを添加して反応を停止した。遠心分離にて菌体破砕物除去後、反応液中の生成D−トリプトファンをHPLCにて測定した。
【0043】
実施例7:D−アミノアシラーゼ遺伝子をコードするDNAの塩基配列決定
実施例6より得られたD−アミノアシラーゼ活性を有する形質転換体よりプラスミドを抽出し、その物理的地図を調べたところ、図1の様であることが判明した。さらにその塩基配列の解析を行った。塩基配列の決定はPE Applied Biosystems社、BigDye Teminator Cycle Sequencing kitを用い、同社製Genetic Analyzer 310にて行った。その結果配列番号1に示すD−アミノアシラーゼ遺伝子をコードするDNAの塩基配列が得られた。該D−アミノアシラーゼ遺伝子の塩基配列をアミノ酸翻訳したものを配列番号2に示す。そのN末端のアミノ酸配列は実施例4に示したN−末端アミノ酸配列分析の結果と一致した。また、該アミノ酸配列からD−アミノアシラーゼの分子量は約53kDaと推定された。
【0044】
実施例8:メチロバクテリウム メソフィリカム(Methylobacterium mesophilicum)MT10894(FERM BP−7856)由来D−アミノアシラーゼ遺伝子を含むDNAによって形質転換した大腸菌を用いたN−アセチル−DL−トリプトファンを基質としたときの反応評価
(菌体懸濁液の調製)
実施例7の図1で示されるプラスミドで形質転換した大腸菌をアンピシリン(50μg/ml)を含むLB培地で終夜37℃振とう培養を行なった。培養後、遠心分離により集菌、0.1Mのリン酸バッファー(pH7.8)で洗浄後に菌体を0.1Mのリン酸バッファー(pH7.8)に懸濁した。
(N−アセチル−DL−トリプトファン溶液の調製)
N−アセチル−D−トリプトファンの濃度が200g/lとなるように0.1Mリン酸バッファー(pH7.8)に溶解したものを基質溶液とした。
(測定)
上記菌体懸濁液2.5mlと基質溶液2.5mlをあらかじめ40℃に保温し、この2つの溶液を混合した後40℃で反応を行った(反応基質濃度:100g/l)。反応開始20時間後に反応液100μlを採取し、同量の1NNaOHを添加して反応を停止した。その後、HPLC移動相で1/200に希釈して、遠心分離によって菌体を沈殿させ、上清をHPLCによって分析し、生成したD−およびL−トリプトファン、そして基質であるN−アセチル−DL−トリプトファンの濃度を測定した。その結果を表4に示す。
【0045】
【表4】
【0046】
*(生成D−トリプトファン[mM])÷(生成D−トリプトファン[mM]+生成L−トリプトファン[mM]+残存N−アセチル−DL−トリプトファン[mM])。
【0047】
実施例9:メチロバクテリウム メソフィリカム(Methylobacterium mesophilicum)MT10894(FERM BP−7856)由来D−アミノアシラーゼ遺伝子を含むDNAによって形質転換した大腸菌のN−アセチル−DL−アミノ酸に対する基質特異性
実施例7の図1で示されるプラスミドで形質転換した大腸菌のN−アセチル−DL−アミノ酸に対する基質特異性を比較した。本実施例においては、基質であるN−アセチル−DL−アミノ酸濃度を5g/lに設定して40℃で16時間反応を行った。N−アセチル−DL−トリプトファンを基質とした時のD−アミノアシラーゼ活性を100として、各種N−アセチル−DL−アミノ酸に対する相対活性を、またその時の光学純度及び反応収率を求めた。その結果を表5に示す。
【0048】
【表5】
【0049】
*:(生成D−アミノ酸[mM])÷(生成D−アミノ酸[mM]+生成L−アミノ酸[mM]+残存N−アセチル−DL−アミノ酸[mM])
【0050】
【発明の効果】
本発明により、メチロバクテリウム メソフィリカム(Methylobacterium mesophilicum)MT10894(FERM BP−7856)などに由来する新規なD−アミノアシラーゼ及びそれをコードするDNAが提供される。本発明のD−アミノアシラーゼは産業上の有用性に優れた酵素であり、N−アシルアミノ酸から対応するD−アミノ酸を高効率で製造することができる。
【0051】
【配列表】
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】組替えプラスミドpUSDA3の物理的地図を示す図である。図中、oriはプラスミドの複製開始点を、Amprはアンピシリン耐性マーカーを、SacI,HincII,PstI,XhoIは各々制限酵素認識部位をそれぞれ示す。また、太矢印はD−アミノアシラーゼのORFの位置と向きを示す。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a novel D-aminoacylase that exhibits high activity at industrially practical substrate concentrations, and in particular, can efficiently produce D-tryptophan stereoselectively from N-acetyl-DL-tryptophan. And a method for producing a D-amino acid from an N-acylamino acid using the same. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a nucleotide sequence encoding this D-aminoacylase, a plasmid containing it, and a transformant transformed with this plasmid. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for producing D-aminoacylase using this transformant. The present invention also produces a corresponding optically active D-amino acid from an N-acylamino acid by allowing D-aminoacylase to act on the N-acylamino acid in the form of this transformant, its culture solution and these processed products. Regarding the method.
[0002]
[Prior art]
D-amino acids are important compounds as intermediates for various agricultural chemicals, antibiotics, and pharmaceuticals, and their synthesis methods are actively studied. Currently, DL-amino acids can be resolved by physicochemical, chemical, and enzymatic methods. The enzymatic method is the simplest and is considered to be an advantageous method. As one of enzymatic methods, for example, a method of directly producing a corresponding D-amino acid by hydrolyzing N-acetyl-DL-amino acid using D-aminoacylase is known.
[0003]
Examples of the origin of D-aminoacylase include the genus Pseudomonas (Japanese Patent Publication No. 60-31477), the genus Streptomyses (Japanese Patent Publication No. 53-36035), and the genus Alcaligenes (Japanese Patent Publication No. 07- No. 83711) Rhodococcus genus, Pimelobacter genus (JP 06-227789 A) Arthrobacter genus, Corynebacterium genus, Erwinia genus, Eschheria Genus, genus Flavobacterium, genus Nocardia, genus Protaminobacter, genus Xanthomonas (JP 11-113522 A), genus Amycolatopsis (specialty) No. 11-98982), genus Sebekia (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-318442) Nos.), Bacteria such as Hypomyces, Fusarium, Auricularia, Pythium, Menisporopsis (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 12-41684), actinomycetes or Microorganisms belonging to fungi are known, and it has been reported that D-aminoacylases derived from these act on N-acylamino acids to produce D-amino acids.
[0004]
However, these D-aminoacylases are not sufficiently active at a practical substrate concentration, and industrially practical D-aminoacylases have been desired. In particular, for hydrolysis of N-acetyl-D-tryptophan, the enzyme activity at a practical substrate concentration was low and could not be called an industrially satisfactory enzyme. Recently, as a D-aminoacylase capable of producing D-tryptophan by acting on N-acetyl-D-tryptophan, Tokuyama et al. Have introduced a D-aminoacylase belonging to the genus Hypomyces (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 13-275688). Taylor et al. Of Chirotech Technology Limited reported Alcaligenes genus D-aminoacylase (WO00 / 23598). Both D-aminoacylases have N-acetyl-D-tryptophan up to about 10 g / l. It is difficult to say that the enzyme can only catalyze a reaction at a practical substrate concentration by hydrolysis.
[0005]
D-amino acids are important compounds as pharmaceutical raw materials and the like, and development of inexpensive production methods is desired. However, no D-aminoacylase capable of efficiently catalyzing D-amino acids has been known so far.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to provide a novel D-aminoacylase that exhibits sufficiently high activity at industrially practical substrate concentrations and can efficiently produce D-amino acids from N-acyl-DL-amino acids, and uses the same. It is to provide a method for producing a corresponding D-amino acid from N-acylamino acid. Another object of the present invention is to provide a base sequence encoding D-aminoacylase as a material useful for production of D-aminoacylase and production of D-amino acid using D-aminoacylase. DNA consisting of This base sequence DNA consisting of And a transformant obtained by transforming a host with a trait using this plasmid.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above problems, the present inventors have evaluated the properties of various microorganism-derived D-aminoacylases. As a result of investigating the correlation between the substrate concentration and the reaction rate, surprisingly, in the known D-aminoacylase, a phenomenon in which the reaction rate decreases remarkably as the substrate concentration increases, that is, the enzyme activity inhibition phenomenon by the substrate is found. I was able to do it. This phenomenon is particularly noticeable when the substrate is N-acetyl-D-tryptophan. Therefore, in conventional D-aminoacylases, D-tryptophan is efficiently produced from N-acetyl-DL-tryptophan at a practical substrate concentration. I came to think that it might be difficult to do.
[0008]
Accordingly, the present inventors have searched for a novel D-aminoacylase that is not easily inhibited by N-acetyl-D-tryptophan and exhibits high activity even when the substrate concentration is high. Among microorganisms belonging to the genus Methylobacterium and microorganisms belonging to the genus Nocardioides, a microorganism having a novel D-aminoacylase activity suitable for the purpose has been discovered. Then, D-aminoacylase derived from a microorganism belonging to the genus Methylobacterium was combined with various purification methods, and the sequence of the N-terminal amino acid residue shown in SEQ ID NO: 3 was successfully determined. Further, the present inventors obtain a DNA having the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 in the sequence listing, thereby obtaining a transformant using a plasmid containing the DNA fragment having this base sequence, and the above D- The present inventors have succeeded in producing aminoacylase as an active form and, moreover, efficiently producing the corresponding D-amino acid from N-acylamino acid at a practical substrate concentration, thereby completing the present invention.
[0009]
The present invention based on the above-described new findings by the present inventors includes the following aspects.
(1) A D-aminoacylase having an action of catalyzing a reaction of acting on an N-acyl-D-amino acid to produce a corresponding D-amino acid, which is converted from N-acetyl-D-tryptophan to D in an aqueous medium. -The reaction rate when the concentration of N-acetyl-D-tryptophan in catalyzing the reaction for generating tryptophan is 50 g / l is the reaction rate when the concentration of N-acetyl-D-tryptophan is 5 g / l. D-aminoacylase, characterized in that it is at least 40%.
(2) The reaction rate when the concentration of N-acetyl-D-tryptophan is 100 g / l is at least 20% of the reaction rate when the concentration of N-acetyl-D-tryptophan is 5 g / l The D-aminoacylase according to item (1).
(3) The D-aminoacylase according to item (1), which is derived from a microorganism belonging to the genus Methylobacterium or Nocardioides.
(4) The microorganism belonging to the genus Methylobacterium is the species Methylobacterium mesophilicum, and the microorganism belonging to the genus Nocardioides is the species Nocardioides thermolilacinus. D-aminoacylase as described in said item (3).
(5) Nocardioides thermolilacin
us) The microorganism belonging to the species is Nocardioides thermolylasinas (Nocardioides)
thermolilacinus) D-aminoacylase according to item (4) above, which is ATCC 35863 strain.
(6) A D-aminoacylase having an action of catalyzing a reaction of acting on an N-acyl-D-amino acid to produce a corresponding D-amino acid,
(A) the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2 in the sequence listing, or
(B) a D-amino having a mutated amino acid sequence obtained by inserting, deleting or substituting one or more amino acid residues within a range in which the catalytic activity can be maintained for the amino acid sequence Acylase.
(7) When catalyzing the reaction for producing D-tryptophan from N-acetyl-D-tryptophan in an aqueous medium, the reaction rate when the concentration of N-acetyl-D-tryptophan is 50 g / l is N-acetyl. -D-aminoacylase as described in said item (6) which is at least 40% with respect to the reaction rate in case the density | concentration of D-tryptophan is 5 g / l.
(8) The reaction rate when the concentration of N-acetyl-D-tryptophan is 100 g / l is at least 20% of the reaction rate when the concentration of N-acetyl-D-tryptophan is 5 g / l. The D-aminoacylase according to item (7).
(9) A base sequence encoding a D-aminoacylase having an action of catalyzing a reaction that acts on an N-acyl-D-amino acid to produce a corresponding D-amino acid DNA consisting of Because
(A) the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1 in the sequence listing, or
(B) A mutant base obtained by inserting, deleting or substituting one or more bases within the range in which the action of the D-aminoacylase encoded by the base sequence is maintained with respect to the base sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1. Array
A nucleotide sequence encoding a D-aminoacylase, comprising: DNA consisting of .
(10) The base sequence according to item (9), wherein the mutated base sequence hybridizes with the base sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 under stringent conditions. DNA consisting of .
(11) Reaction rate when the concentration of N-acetyl-D-tryptophan is 50 g / l when catalyzing the reaction of producing D-tryptophan from N-acetyl-D-tryptophan in an aqueous medium of D-aminoacylase Is at least 40% with respect to the reaction rate when the concentration of N-acetyl-D-tryptophan is 5 g / l. DNA consisting of .
(12) The reaction rate when the concentration of N-acetyl-D-tryptophan is 100 g / l is at least 20% of the reaction rate when the concentration of N-acetyl-D-tryptophan is 5 g / l. The nucleotide sequence according to item (11) DNA consisting of .
(13) The nucleotide sequence according to item (9) above DNA consisting of A plasmid containing
(14) A transformant transformed with the plasmid according to item (13).
(15) The D-aminoacylase encoded by the nucleotide sequence of the plasmid incorporated in the transformant is produced by culturing the transformant according to the above item (14). A method for producing aminoacylase.
(16) A method for producing an optically active amino acid in which a D-aminoacylase is allowed to act on an N-acylamino acid in an aqueous medium to produce the corresponding D-amino acid, wherein the D-aminoacylase is N- When catalyzing the reaction for producing D-tryptophan from acetyl-D-tryptophan, the reaction rate when the concentration of N-acetyl-D-tryptophan is 50 g / l indicates that the concentration of N-acetyl-D-tryptophan is 5 g / l. A method for producing an optically active amino acid, characterized by being at least 40% of the reaction rate in the case of l.
(17) The reaction rate when the concentration of N-acetyl-D-tryptophan is 100 g / l is at least 20% of the reaction rate when the concentration of N-acetyl-D-tryptophan is 5 g / l. Item 16. The production method according to Item 16.
(18) The production method according to the above item 16, which is derived from a microorganism belonging to the genus Methylobacterium or the genus Nocardioides.
(19) A microorganism belonging to the genus Methylobacterium is a species of Methylobacterium mesophilicum, and a microorganism belonging to the genus Nocardioides is a species of Nocardioides thermolilacinus. 19. The production method according to item 18 above.
(20) The production method according to item 19 above, wherein the microorganism belonging to the species Nocardioides thermolilacinus is Nocardioides thermolilacinus ATCC 35863 strain.
(21) The production method of the above item 16, wherein the N-acylamino acid concentration is 50 g / l or more.
(22) The production method of the above item 21, wherein the N-acylamino acid concentration is 100 g / l or more.
(23) An optically active amino acid production method for producing a corresponding D-amino acid by allowing a D-aminoacylase to act on an N-acylamino acid in an aqueous medium, wherein the D-aminoacylase is according to claim 6. A method for producing an optically active amino acid, which is a D-aminoacylase.
(24) Reaction when the concentration of N-acetyl-D-tryptophan is 50 g / l when the D-aminoacylase catalyzes a reaction for producing D-tryptophan from N-acetyl-D-tryptophan in an aqueous medium. 24. The production method according to item 23, wherein the rate is at least 40% with respect to the reaction rate when the concentration of N-acetyl-D-tryptophan is 5 g / l.
(25) The above reaction rate when the N-acetyl-D-tryptophan concentration is 100 g / l is at least 20% of the reaction rate when the N-acetyl-D-tryptophan concentration is 5 g / l. Item 25. The production method according to Item 24.
(26) The D-aminoacylase is converted into an N-acylamino acid in the form of a culture solution obtained by culturing the transformant according to claim 14, a transformant separated from the culture solution, or a processed product thereof. Item 24. The production method according to Item 23 above, wherein
(27) The production method according to item 23 above, wherein the N-acylamino acid concentration is 50 g / l or more. (28) The production method of the above item 27, wherein the N-acylamino acid concentration is 100 g / l or more.
[0010]
The use of the D-acyl amylase according to the present invention makes it possible to produce the corresponding D-amino acid from the N-acyl amino acid at an improved reaction rate using an industrially practical substrate concentration. Furthermore, according to the present invention, a base sequence useful for production of this useful D-acyl amylase using gene recombination technology. DNA consisting of In addition, a plasmid incorporating the plasmid and a transformant obtained by transforming a host with the plasmid can be provided.
[0011]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The D-aminoacylase according to the present invention is an enzyme having an action of catalyzing a reaction of acting on an N-acyl-D-amino acid to produce a corresponding D-amino acid, and particularly against N-acetyl-D-tryptophan. It is characterized by high inhibition even when the substrate concentration is high. This inhibitory action by N-acetyl-D-tryptophan can be defined by the relationship between the substrate concentration and the reaction rate described below.
I. The reaction rate when the concentration of N-acetyl-D-tryptophan is 50 g / l in an aqueous medium is at least 40% relative to the reaction rate when the concentration of N-acetyl-D-tryptophan is 5 g / l. .
II. The reaction rate when the concentration of N-acetyl-D-tryptophan is 100 g / l is at least 20% of the reaction rate when the concentration of N-acetyl-D-tryptophan is 5 g / l.
[0012]
The D-aminoacylase according to the present invention has the characteristic I relating to the inhibition, and preferably has both the characteristics I and II relating to the inhibition. Therefore, any enzyme can be used as long as it has D-aminoacylase activity of at least the above characteristic I relating to inhibition, even if it is derived from any microorganism, or a known D-aminoacylase modified by genetic recombination. It is intended to be included in the invention.
[0013]
Furthermore, with respect to the above characteristic I, the reaction rate when the concentration of N-acetyl-D-tryptophan is 50 g / l is at least as high as the reaction rate when the concentration of N-acetyl-D-tryptophan is 5 g / l. More preferred is 50%, especially at least 60%. Regarding the above characteristic II, the reaction rate when the concentration of N-acetyl-D-tryptophan is 100 g / l is at least as high as the reaction rate when the concentration of N-acetyl-D-tryptophan is 5 g / l. More preferably it is 25%, in particular at least 30%.
[0014]
The relationship between the substrate concentration and the reaction rate in the present invention can be confirmed as follows. For example, 200 μl of an enzyme solution having an active amount sufficient for reaction in 200 μl of 100 mM phosphate buffer containing 10 g / l, 50 g / l, 100 g / l, and 200 g / l of substrate (N-acetyl-D-tryptophan), respectively. Add and react at 30 ° C. for an appropriate time. By measuring the amount of D-tryptophan produced by this reaction by HPLC or the like, the enzyme activity (reaction rate) at each substrate concentration can be compared. In the present invention, the aqueous medium for measuring the reaction rate is not particularly limited as long as it can cause the enzymatic reaction to proceed, not to mention water, phosphoric acid, tris, citric acid, acetic acid, boric acid, A buffer solution in which one or more components selected from glycine, HEPES, MOPS, MES, CAPS, CHES, PIPES and the like are appropriately selected can be used. The reaction temperature can be selected from a temperature range including the optimum temperature at which D-aminoacylase can exhibit activity, and it is particularly desirable to maintain the reaction temperature at, for example, 30 ° C to 60 ° C. The reaction pH may be in a range where the activity of D-aminoacylase can be maintained, and it is particularly preferable to maintain the pH at pH 6 to 11 including the optimum pH. As the enzyme, a bacterial cell culture solution itself, a bacterial cell obtained by separation and recovery from the culture solution by centrifugation or the like, an extract of the bacterial cell, a ground product, and a separated and purified product can be used. In the present invention, the amount of enzyme used and the reaction time when measuring the reaction rate may be any conditions that allow the reaction rate to be measured significantly, for example, conditions that do not reach saturation within the reaction rate measurement time. When the concentration of N-acetyl-D-tryptophan is 5 g / l, it is desirable that the concentration of D-tryptophan produced and accumulated be about 0.2 g / l to 1 g / l.
[0015]
The physical properties of the D-aminoacylase according to the present invention are as follows.
Optimum pH: pH 8 to 10 (optimum pH 9)
Optimal temperature: 60 ° C
Thermal stability: 80% residual activity after heat treatment at 40 ° C./20 hours.
[0016]
In one embodiment of the D-aminoacylase in the present invention, the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 in the sequence listing, or the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 is one or more, preferably several amino acids are D- It has an amino acid sequence that is substituted, deleted, modified or inserted or added as long as aminoacylase activity can be maintained.
[0017]
The polynucleotide encoding D-aminoacylase in the present invention includes the base sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1 in the Sequence Listing. The base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 encodes the protein shown in SEQ ID NO: 2. However, the base sequence encoding the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 includes not only the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, but also any base sequence based on different codons. Furthermore, it is also possible to obtain polynucleotide homologs by introducing substitutions, deletions, modifications, insertions or additions as appropriate. The polynucleotide homologue of the present invention has a base substitution, deletion or addition within the range in which the D-acylamylase encoded thereby can maintain a predetermined enzyme activity with respect to the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1. It is obtained by going. Examples of the homologue include a polynucleotide having a base sequence capable of hybridizing under stringent conditions with a polynucleotide having a complementary sequence of the base sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1.
[0018]
Hybridization under stringent conditions can be performed by, for example, the method described in Molecular Cloning: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Current Protocols in Molecular Biology; Wiley Interscience, a commercially available system (see Ne ). Specifically, hybridization can be performed by the following operation. The membrane to which the DNA or RNA molecule to be tested is transferred is hybridized with a labeled probe in a hybridization buffer specified in the protocol according to the product protocol. The composition of the hybridization buffer consists of 0.1 wt% SDS, 5 wt% dextran sulfate, 1 / 20-soluble blocking reagent attached to the kit, and 2-7 × SSC. As a blocking reagent, for example, 100 × Denhardt's solution, 2% (weight / volume) Bovine serum albumin, 2% (weight / volume) Fill TM 400, 2% (weight / volume) polyvinyl pyrrolidone adjusted to 5 times concentration can be diluted to 1/20 and used. 20 × SSC is a 3M sodium chloride, 0.3M citric acid solution, and SSC is more preferably used at a concentration of 3 to 6 × SSC, more preferably 4 to 5 × SSC. The hybridization temperature is in the range of 40 to 80 ° C., more preferably 50 to 70 ° C., still more preferably 55 to 65 ° C. After incubation for several hours to overnight, washing is performed with a washing buffer. The washing temperature is preferably room temperature, more preferably the temperature during hybridization. The composition of the washing buffer is 6 × SSC + 0.1 wt% SDS solution, more preferably 4 × SSC + 0.1 wt% SDS solution, more preferably 1 × SSC + 0.1 wt% SDS solution, most preferably 0.1 × SSC + 0. 1 wt% SDS solution. The membrane can be washed with such a washing buffer, and the DNA molecule or RNA molecule hybridized with the probe can be discriminated using the label used for the probe.
[0019]
The novel D-aminoacylases according to the present invention include those derived from Methylobacterium mesophilicum strain MT10894 and those derived from Nocardioides thermolilacinus ATCC 35863. Methylobacterium mesophilicum MT10894 strain was isolated from soil in Mobara City, Chiba Prefecture. Its bacteriological properties are shown in Table 1.
[0020]
[Table 1]
[0021]
The above mycological characteristics are described in "Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology Vol. 1 (1984) Williams &Wilkins","Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology Vol. 1 (1984)", "Bergey's Manual. Of Deterministic Bacteriology 9th Edition (1994) Williams & Wilkins [1994] Williams & Wilkins], "G I Barrow & Earl K. Feltham Edition: Cohen and Steels Manual for the Identity Fiction of Medical Bacteria 3rd Edition Cambridge University Press (1993) [GI Barrow and RKAFeltham ed., Cowan &Steel's Mannual for the Identification of Medical Bacteria 3 rd .ed, Cambridge univ.press, (1993)] ", and as a result of identification of this strain, it was considered that this strain belongs to Methylobacterium mesophilicum. This strain MT10894 was deposited with the biotechnological research institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, 1-1 1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki Prefecture, under the accession number FERM P-17777. The deposit number was changed to FERM BP-7856 due to the transfer to the international deposit under the Budapest Treaty on the 21st of May.
[0022]
The DNA encoding the novel D-aminoacylase of the present invention can be isolated by, for example, the following method. Genomic DNA is purified from a microorganism, and the DNA obtained after digestion with a restriction enzyme is fractionated according to its length by ultracentrifugation or electrophoresis. A plasmid library is prepared by collecting the DNA of the fractionated sample and incorporating it into a plasmid. A clone having a D-aminoacylase activity is selected from the plasmid library, and a plasmid containing DNA encoding the D-aminoacylase gene is selected. get. By analyzing the base sequence of the plasmid, the base sequence of the DNA encoding the target D-aminoacylase gene can be determined, and the amino acid sequence of the encoded D-aminoacylase can be estimated from the base sequence of the DNA. I can do it.
[0023]
For example, when the host is E. coli, the DNA encoding the D-aminoacylase of the present invention isolated as described above is expressed by pUC18, pKK223-3, pBR322, Bluescript II SK (+), pSC101, etc. D-aminoacylase expression plasmid is provided by integrating into the plasmid for use. The host organism used for the transformation is not particularly limited as long as the recombinant vector can be stably and autonomously propagated and can express a foreign DNA trait. It is not limited to E. coli.
[0024]
And in this invention, the transformant obtained by transforming with this plasmid can be cultured based on well-known information, and D-aminoacylase of this invention can be produced. As the medium, any of a synthetic medium or a natural medium can be used as long as it contains carbon sources, nitrogen sources, inorganic substances, and other nutrients in appropriate amounts. Culturing can be carried out in a liquid medium containing the above-described culture components by using a usual culture method such as shaking culture, aeration and agitation culture, continuous culture, or fed-batch culture. The culture conditions may be appropriately selected depending on the type of culture and the culture method, and are not particularly limited as long as the strain can grow and produce D-aminoacylase.
[0025]
Further, in the method for producing D-amino acid in the present invention, D-aminoacylase is transformed by separating and collecting the D-aminoacylase-producing bacterium from the culture solution itself or the culture solution by centrifugation. It can also be used in the form of microbial cells and processed microbial cells of the transformed microbial cells. As used herein, the treated microbial cell product is an extract or a ground product of the transformed microbial cell, a separated product obtained by separating and purifying a D-aminoacylase activity fraction of the extract or the ground product, the transformation This indicates an immobilized product obtained by immobilizing a cell body, an extract, a ground product, or a isolate of the transformed cell body using an appropriate carrier. In addition, the host microorganism-derived active ingredient is the culture solution itself, the transformed cells obtained by separation and recovery from the culture solution by centrifugation, and the intended reaction of the treated product of the transformed cells. The reactivity and selectivity may be adversely affected. In this case, the culture solution itself, transformed cells obtained by separation and recovery from the culture solution by centrifugation, prior to the reaction of the treated cells of the transformed cells, or simultaneously with the reaction, Reactivity and selectivity can be improved by performing organic solvent treatment or heat treatment. Organic solvents include alcohols such as methanol and ethanol, water-soluble organic solvents such as acetone, THF, DMF, DMI, and DMSO, aromatic organic solvents such as toluene and benzene, esters such as ethyl acetate and butyl acetate, One or two or more types can be appropriately selected from hydrocarbons such as hexane and heptane, halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane and chloroform, ethers such as diethyl ether, and the like. What is necessary is just to use the usage-amount of an organic solvent in the stable range of D-aminoacylase activity. Moreover, when performing heat processing, it can carry out at about 40 to 70 degreeC. Considering the stability of D-aminoacylase, it is desirable to carry out at 45 ° C to 55 ° C. The heat treatment time may be a stable range of D-aminoacylase activity, and it is sufficient to carry out the treatment for 30 to 100 minutes.
[0026]
When the D-aminoacylase of the present invention is allowed to act on an N-acyl-D-amino acid, it is desirable to select conditions that are favorable for reactivity, such as the activity and stability of D-aminoacylase.
[0027]
As a medium used for the reaction, water or an aqueous medium composed of various buffers can be used. As a buffer solution, a component formed by appropriately selecting one or more of phosphoric acid, tris, citric acid, acetic acid, boric acid, glycine, HEPES, MOPS, MES, CAPS, CHES, PIPES, and the like was contained in water. A buffer can be mentioned.
[0028]
Various additives can be used as necessary to further improve the reaction efficiency and the yield of the product. D-aminoacylases include metal ions such as Zn 2+ And Co 2+ In some cases, these divalent metals can be added to the reaction solution. On the contrary, in the case of inhibition by metal ions, a chelating agent such as EDTA can be added.
[0029]
The raw material (N-acylamino acid) used for the production of D-amino acid in the present invention contains N-acyl-D-amino acid, and is an optically active substance having a large proportion of DL form, D form, only D form. The thing which consists of can be used.
[0030]
The concentration of the starting material is not particularly limited, but is usually used at a concentration of about 1 g / l to 300 g / l. In particular, in view of reactivity and economy, a concentration of preferably 50 g / l or more, more preferably 100 g / l or more, and preferably 200 g / l or less is suitable. The reaction temperature is preferably maintained at a temperature at which D-aminoacylase can exhibit its activity, and is particularly preferably maintained at 30 to 60 ° C. The reaction pH is also preferably maintained at a pH at which D-aminoacylase can exhibit its activity, and particularly preferably at pH 6-11.
[0031]
The novel D-aminoacylase of the present invention has the property of generating the corresponding D-amino acid from the D-form of various N-acylamino acids, and N-acyl-DL- is obtained using the D-aminoacylase of the present invention. Optically active amino acids can be industrially advantageously produced from amino acids. The applicable N-acyl-DL-amino acid is not particularly limited and can be selected from a wide range of compounds. Representative preferred N-acyl-DL-amino acids include N-acyl-DL-methionine, N-acyl-DL-leucine, N-acyl-DL-tryptophan, N-acyl-DL-5-hydroxytryptophan, N -Acyl-DL-phenylalanine, N-acyl-DL-phenylglycine, N-acyl-DL-homophenylalanine, N-acyl-DL-bishomophenylalanine, N-acyl-DL-p-nitrophenylalanine, N-acyl- DL-p-fluorophenylalanine, N-acyl-DL-p-chlorophenylalanine, N-acyl-DL-p-bromophenylalanine, N-acyl-DL-p-methoxyphenylalanine, N-acyl-DL-tyrosine, N -Acyl-DL-p-cyanophenylalanine, N-acy -DL-2-pyridylalanine, N-acyl-DL-3-pyridylalanine, N-acyl-DL-4-pyridylalanine, N-acyl-DL-o-benzylserine, N-acyl-DL-S-phenyl Examples include cysteine, N-acyl-DL-1-naphthylalanine, N-acyl-DL-2-naphthylalanine, and the like. More preferred N-acyl-DL-amino acids include N-acetyl-DL-amino acids, and particularly high substrate specificity for N-acetyl-D-phenylalanine and N-acetyl-D-tryptophan.
[0032]
【Example】
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example demonstrates this invention further in detail, this invention is not limited to these Examples.
[0033]
The reactivity and optical purity were determined by using a high performance liquid chromatography method (column: CROWNPAK CR (-) (manufactured by Daicel Chemical Industries), a column temperature of 40 ° C., and a mobile phase. : HClO Four Measurement was carried out with an aqueous solution pH of 1.5, 0 to 15% methanol (v / v), a flow rate of 0.8 ml / min, and a detection of 210 nm).
[0034]
Example 1: Culture of Methylobacterium mesophilicum MT10894 (FERM BP-7856)
Bacterial cells previously grown on a bouillon agar plate were inoculated into a liquid medium having the following composition, and cultured with shaking at 30 ° C. for 40 hours to obtain bacterial cells having D-aminoacylase activity.
(Medium composition)
N-acetyl-DL-leucine: 5 g / L
Glucose: 10g / L
Peptone: 10g / L
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate: 1g / L
Potassium monohydrogen phosphate: 1 g / L
Magnesium sulfate heptahydrate: 0.1 g / L
Yeast extract: 0.5g / L
pH 7.0 (adjusted with KOH).
[0035]
Example 2: Culture of Nocardioides thermolilacinus (ATCC 35863)
Bacteria grown on a bouillon agar plate in advance were inoculated into a liquid medium having the following composition, and cultured with shaking at 30 ° C. for 100 hours to obtain a microbial cell having D-aminoacylase activity.
(Medium composition)
N-acetyl-DL-leucine: 5 g / L
Czapek-Dox Liquid medium modified (Oxoid): 5 g / L
Yeast extract: 2g / L
Vitamin assay casamino acids: 10 g / L
pH 7.2 (adjusted with KOH).
[0036]
Example 3 Correlation between Substrate Concentration and Reaction Rate of Methylobacterium mesophilicum MT10894 (FERM BP-7856) and Nocardioides thermolilacinus (ATCC 35863)
(Crude enzyme solution)
A bacterial cell solution (0) using Methylobacterium mesophilicum MT10894 (FERM BP-7856) and Nocardioides thermolilacinus (ATCC 35863) obtained by the method described in Examples 1 and 2. 0.1 g / 0.1M phosphate buffer (pH 7.8) 1 ml) is prepared, and the supernatant obtained by crushing with an ultrasonic cell crusher and precipitating the crush cells with a cooling centrifuge is used as the crude enzyme solution.
(Substrate solution)
A substrate solution was dissolved in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.8) so that the concentration of N-acetyl-D-tryptophan was 200 g / l.
(Measurement)
The substrate solution was diluted in volume with 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.8) to prepare 200 μl of 5, 25, 50, 100 g / l substrate solution. After adding 200 μl of the crude enzyme solution and reacting at 30 ° C. for 1 hour, 0.4 ml of 1M phosphoric acid was added to stop the reaction. 0.4 ml of 1N sodium hydroxide was added to dissolve the precipitated unreacted acetylate, and the crushed cells were removed by centrifugation, and the produced D-tryptophan in the reaction solution was measured by HPLC. The reaction rate when the substrate concentration is 5 g / l is 100, and the relative value of the D-tryptophan production rate by the D-aminoacylase derived from each strain when the substrate concentration is 25, 50, and 100 g / l is shown in Table 2.
[0037]
[Table 2]
[0038]
Comparative Example 1: Correlation between substrate concentration of D-aminoacylase derived from a known strain and reaction rate
Alkaligenes denitrificans subspicies xylose oxydans MI4 (Alcaligenes denitrificans subsp. The relationship between the substrate concentration of D-aminoacylase and the reaction rate was examined. The preparation method of each strain is described below. Alkaligenes denitrificans subspicies xylose oxydans MI4 (Alcaligenes denitrificans subsp. Xylosodans MI4) (FERM P-9413) was performed in the same manner as described in Example 1. Streptomyces tuirus (IFO 13418) was cultured in a liquid medium having the following composition at 30 ° C. for 48 hours.
(Medium composition)
D-valine: 4 g / L
Glucose: 10 g / L
Peptone: 10g / L
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate: 1g / L
Potassium monohydrogen phosphate: 1 g / L
Magnesium sulfate heptahydrate: 0.5 g / L
Yeast extract: 10g / L
Cobalt chloride: 1mg / ml
pH 7.0 (adjusted with KOH)
The method for preparing the crude enzyme solution, the method for preparing the substrate solution, and the method for measuring the enzyme activity were carried out as described in Example 3. The reaction rate when the substrate concentration is 5 g / l is 100, and the relative value of the D-tryptophan production rate by D-aminoacylase derived from each strain at 25, 50, and 100 g / l is shown in Table 3.
[0039]
[Table 3]
[0040]
Example 4: N-terminal amino acid sequencing of D-aminoacylase derived from Methylobacterium mesophilicum MT10894 (FERM BP-7856)
Methylobacterium mesophyllicam was cultured by the method shown in Example 1 and the cells were collected and suspended in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.8) supplemented with 1 mM DTT (Dithiothreitol). The bacterial cells were crushed by an ultrasonic crusher in the suspension state, and the crushed bacterial cells were removed by cooling centrifugation to obtain a crude enzyme solution. Ammonium sulfate was added to the crude enzyme solution, and the 30 to 60% precipitate fraction was desalted and then passed through a DEAE Toyopearl column to collect the pass fraction. This fraction was further subjected to chromatography using phenyltoyopearl and Q-sepharose to obtain a fraction having D-aminoacylase activity. This fraction was subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and a band was confirmed at a molecular weight of about 56 kDa. When the N-terminal amino acid sequence of this 56 kDa protein was analyzed, it was determined to be Thr-Asp-Ser-Thr-Arg- as shown in SEQ ID NO: 3.
[0041]
Example 5: Preparation of a genomic DNA library of Methylobactrium mesophilicum MT10894 (FERM BP-7856)
Methylobactrium mesophilicum was cultured for 2 days by the culture method shown in Example 1, and the cells were collected by centrifugation and washed with phosphate buffer (pH 7.8). Genomic DNA was prepared from this bacterial cell according to the bacterial genomic DNA separation method described in “Basic Biochemical Experimental Method 2 Extraction / Separation / Purification” published by Koichi Anan et al., Published by Maruzen Co., Ltd. The prepared genomic DNA was completely digested with the restriction enzyme Sac I and fractionated by the length of the DNA by ultracentrifugation, and DNA of 3 kb or more was recovered. These DNAs and the vector pUC18 digested with the restriction enzyme SacI and dephosphorylated at the 5 ′ end were subjected to a DNA ligation reaction to prepare a plasmid library. E. coli DH5α transformed with this plasmid library was applied to an LB (Luria-Bertani) agarose medium supplemented with 50 μg / ml ampicillin and allowed to stand to allow colonies to appear.
[0042]
Example 6: Screening of D-aminoacylase activity from plasmid library
Individual colonies that appeared in Example 5 were subjected to liquid shaking culture at 37 ° C. overnight in LB medium (1% bactotryptone, 0.5% bacto yeast extract, 1% sodium chloride, pH 7.0), and centrifuged. The transformant was precipitated, washed once with 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.8), and the cells were collected again by centrifugation. A product obtained by crushing the collected cells was used as a crude enzyme solution, and a transformant having D-aminoacylase activity that produces D-tryptophan by reacting with the substrate N-acetyl-D-tryptophan was selected. The measurement method is shown below.
(Crude enzyme solution)
The collected cells are suspended in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.8) to a concentration of 0.1 mg / ml, and the cells are crushed with an ultrasonic cell crusher, and then cooled with a centrifuge. The supernatant obtained by precipitating the crushed cells was prepared as a crude enzyme solution.
(Substrate solution)
A substrate solution was dissolved in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.8) so that the concentration of N-acetyl-D-tryptophan was 10 g / l.
(Measurement)
After 200 μl of the crude enzyme solution was added to 200 μl of the substrate solution and reacted at 30 ° C. for 1 hour, 0.4 ml of 1M phosphoric acid was added to stop the reaction. After removal of the disrupted cells by centrifugation, the produced D-tryptophan in the reaction solution was measured by HPLC.
[0043]
Example 7: Determination of nucleotide sequence of DNA encoding D-aminoacylase gene
When a plasmid was extracted from the transformant having D-aminoacylase activity obtained from Example 6 and its physical map was examined, it was found to be as shown in FIG. Furthermore, the base sequence was analyzed. The nucleotide sequence was determined with PE Applied Biosystems, BigDye Teminator Cycle Sequencing kit, using the company's Genetic Analyzer 310. As a result, the base sequence of DNA encoding the D-aminoacylase gene shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 was obtained. SEQ ID NO: 2 shows the amino acid translated base sequence of the D-aminoacylase gene. Its N-terminal amino acid sequence is Example 4 It was in agreement with the result of N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis shown in. From the amino acid sequence, the molecular weight of D-aminoacylase was estimated to be about 53 kDa.
[0044]
Example 8: When N-acetyl-DL-tryptophan using E. coli transformed with DNA containing a D-aminoacylase gene derived from Methylobacterium mesophilicum MT10894 (FERM BP-7856) was used as a substrate Reaction evaluation
(Preparation of cell suspension)
Escherichia coli transformed with the plasmid shown in FIG. 1 of Example 7 was cultured overnight at 37 ° C. in LB medium containing ampicillin (50 μg / ml). After cultivation, the cells were collected by centrifugation, washed with 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.8), and then suspended in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.8).
(Preparation of N-acetyl-DL-tryptophan solution)
A substrate solution was dissolved in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.8) so that the concentration of N-acetyl-D-tryptophan was 200 g / l.
(Measurement)
2.5 ml of the bacterial cell suspension and 2.5 ml of the substrate solution were kept warm at 40 ° C. in advance, and the two solutions were mixed and then reacted at 40 ° C. (reaction substrate concentration: 100 g / l). 20 hours after the start of the reaction, 100 μl of the reaction solution was collected, and the same amount of 1N NaOH was added to stop the reaction. Thereafter, the cells were diluted 1/200 in the HPLC mobile phase, the cells were precipitated by centrifugation, the supernatant was analyzed by HPLC, the produced D- and L-tryptophan, and the substrate N-acetyl-DL- The concentration of tryptophan was measured. The results are shown in Table 4.
[0045]
[Table 4]
[0046]
* (Production D-tryptophan [mM]) ÷ (Production D-tryptophan [mM] + production L-tryptophan [mM] + residual N-acetyl-DL-tryptophan [mM]).
[0047]
Example 9: Substrate specificity for N-acetyl-DL-amino acids of E. coli transformed with DNA containing the D-aminoacylase gene from Methylobacterium mesophilicum MT10894 (FERM BP-7856)
The substrate specificity of N-acetyl-DL-amino acids of E. coli transformed with the plasmid shown in FIG. In this example, the concentration of N-acetyl-DL-amino acid as a substrate was set to 5 g / l, and the reaction was performed at 40 ° C. for 16 hours. Using D-aminoacylase activity when N-acetyl-DL-tryptophan was used as a substrate as 100, relative activity with respect to various N-acetyl-DL-amino acids, and optical purity and reaction yield at that time were determined. The results are shown in Table 5.
[0048]
[Table 5]
[0049]
*: (Production D-amino acid [mM]) / (Production D-amino acid [mM] + Production L-amino acid [mM] + Remaining N-acetyl-DL-amino acid [mM])
[0050]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, a novel D-aminoacylase derived from Methylobacterium mesophilicum MT10894 (FERM BP-7856) and the DNA encoding the same are provided. The D-aminoacylase of the present invention is an enzyme having excellent industrial utility, and can produce the corresponding D-amino acid from N-acylamino acid with high efficiency.
[0051]
[Sequence Listing]
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 shows a physical map of recombinant plasmid pUSDA3. In the figure, ori indicates the origin of plasmid replication, Amp r Indicates an ampicillin resistance marker, and SacI, HincII, PstI, and XhoI each represent a restriction enzyme recognition site. The thick arrow indicates the position and orientation of the ORF of D-aminoacylase.
Claims (15)
配列表の配列番号:1記載の塩基配列からなることを特徴とするD−アミノアシラーゼをコードする塩基配列からなるDNA。 DNA comprising a base sequence encoding D-aminoacylase having an action of catalyzing a reaction of acting on an N-acyl-D-amino acid to produce a corresponding D-amino acid,
A DNA comprising a base sequence encoding D-aminoacylase, comprising the base sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1 in the Sequence Listing .
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