JP3665321B2 - 植物内での増強発現 - Google Patents
植物内での増強発現 Download PDFInfo
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- JP3665321B2 JP3665321B2 JP2003345917A JP2003345917A JP3665321B2 JP 3665321 B2 JP3665321 B2 JP 3665321B2 JP 2003345917 A JP2003345917 A JP 2003345917A JP 2003345917 A JP2003345917 A JP 2003345917A JP 3665321 B2 JP3665321 B2 JP 3665321B2
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Description
プロモーターの使用により見い出されている。プロモーターの5′側にエンハンサ−配列を配置することにより、発現の改良が遺伝子構築物で得られている。また更なる改良が、特に単子葉植物に於いて、構造遺伝子をコードする配列とプロモーターとの間に位置する非翻訳リーダー内にイントロンを有する遺伝子構築物によって達成されている。例えば、Callisら(1987年)Genes and Development , 1 巻、1183−1200ページは、アルコール脱水素酵素−1(Adh−1)イントロン又は Bronze−1 イントロンの存在が高レベルの発現に導くことを報告している。Dietrichら(1987年)J. Cell Biol., 105, 67ページは、5′非翻訳リーダー鎖長がプロトプラスト中での遺伝子発現に重要であると報告している。Mascarenhasら(1990年) Plant Mol. Biol., 15 巻,913−920ページは、Adh−1 イントロンの使用によりCAT発現の12倍及び20倍の増強を報告している。Vasil ら(1989年)Plant Physiol., 91, 1575−1579 ページは、Shrunken−1 (Sh−1) イントロンが、Adh−1 イントロン含有構築物に比べて約10倍の高い発現を 生じさせることを報告している。Silva ら(1987年) J. Cell Biol., 105, 245ページは、CATの発現に対する18Kd熱ショック蛋白質(HSP18)遺伝子の非翻訳領域の作用についての研究を報告している。Semrauら(1989年) J. Cell Biol., 109, 39Aページ及び、Mettler らN.A.T.O. Advanced Studies Institute on Molecular Biology, Elmer, Bavaria(1990年 5月)は、82Kd熱ショック蛋白質(HSP82)の140bpイントロンが、トウモロコシプロトプラスト中で発現を増強することを報告している。
本発明は、植物中でのキメラ植物遺伝子の発現のための、詳しくは単子葉植物中でのより高い発現を達成するための改良された方法に関する。本発明の改良点は、遺伝子プロモーターから3′で且つ蛋白質をコードする構造DNA配列から5′に位置する非翻訳リーダー内に、本質的に配列番号:1、配列番号:2及び配列番号:3から成る群から選ばれる70Kdトウモロコシ熱ショック蛋白質(HSP70)から誘導されるイントロンを有するキメラ植物遺伝子を発現することを含む。
(a)植物中でRNA配列を産生させるべく機能するプロモーター、
(b)本質的に配列番号:1、配列番号:2及び配列番号:3から成る群から選ばれるイントロンを含む非翻訳リーダーDNA配列、
(c)蛋白質をコードするRNA配列の産生を引き起こす構造DNA配列、及び
(d)植物細胞内でRNA配列の3′末端にポリアデニル化ヌクレオチドを付加させるべく機能する3′非翻訳配列(ここで、イントロンはプロモーターに関して異種である)をこの順序で含む組換え二重鎖DNA分子である。
HSP70イントロンを含む本発明の遺伝子は、所望の植物種の形質転換に適する植物形質転換ベクター中に挿入することが出来る。適切な植物形質転換ベクターとしては、Agrobacterium tumefaciens のTiプラスミドから誘導されるものが挙げられる。植物形質転換ベクターは、好ましくは、植物又は植物細胞の形質転換に必要とされる全ての必要な構成要素を含む。典型的植物形質転換ベクターは、選択可能マーカー遺伝子、1個又は両方のT−DNAボーダー、クローニング部位、トランスコンジュゲ−ト(transconjugates)の同定を容易にする適当な細菌遺伝子、広範な宿主域での複製及び転移機能及び、他の所望の構成要素を含む。
ポリメラーゼ連鎖反応法を用い、トウモロコシHSP70遺伝子(pMON9502: Rochester 等, 1986年, Embo J., 5:451−458)を含有するゲノミッククロ−ンからHSP70イントロンを合成した。
A.pMON8677、pMON8678、pMON19433、pMON19425、pMON19400及びpMON19437の調製
充分に特徴付けられている遺伝的構成要素を用いpMON 8677(図4)を構築した。−90から−300領域の重複を含有する0.65kbカリフラワーモザイクウィルス(CaMV)35S RNAプロモーター(e35S)(Kay 等, 1987年, Science 236:1299−1302)、E.coliβ−グルクロニダーゼ(GUS)遺伝子由来の1.9kbコード配列(Jefferson等, 1986年, PNAS 83:8447−8451)及び、ノパリンシンターゼ(NOS)遺伝子由来の3′ポリアデニル化配列を含有する0.25kb断片(Fraley等, 1983年, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 80:4803−4807)を、pUC119(Yanisch−Perron 等, 1985年, Gene 33:103−119)中に挿入し、植物遺伝子発現ベクターpMON8677を形成させた。
コーン細胞中でのHSP70イントロンベクター及びADH1イントロンベクターからの発現を評価するために、二つのトランジエント遺伝子発現系を用いた。上記のプラスミドDNAでコートした高速発射体をコーン細胞又は組織に撃ち込むことにより、二つのコーン細胞系を形質転換した。一方の細胞系は、ブラックメキシカンスィート(BMS)コーンの再生不能コーンカルス浮遊細胞である。他方の細胞系は、雄穂原基周辺の節の最も内側の葉由来の4週齢植物体から得たコーンの葉由来の組織として用いたBC17コーンである。
A.安定に形質転換されたBMS細胞系の産生
実質的に上記の通りのパーティクルガン爆撃によりブラックメキシカンスィートコーン浮遊細胞を形質転換した。爆撃用プラスミドDNAを調製し、12.5ulの微粒子(50%グリセロール中に25mg/ml)、2.5ulのプラスミドDNA(1ug/ul)、12.5uLの1M塩化カルシウム及び、5uLの0.1Mスペルミジンを加え短時間撹拌することにより、これををタングステンM10微粒子上に沈着させた。この微粒子を20分間沈降させた後、12.5ulの上澄を除去した。DNA−タングステンの各サンプルを短時間超音波で処理し、その2.5ulを、PDS−1000バイオリシティックスパーティクルガン(デュポン社)を用いて胚子培養物中に撃ち込んだ。アセト乳酸シンターゼ遺伝子を含有するプラスミドであるEC9(図19)を、形質転換した対照細胞のクロルスルフロン選択に用いるのに含めた。試験構築物を含有する二番目のプラスミドをを、EC9と共に沈着させた。BMS細胞をフィルター上にプレーティングし、PDS−1000 (デュポン社)パーティクルガンを用いて爆撃した。爆撃後、細胞をMS液体培地に移して1日置いた後、20ppbのクロルスルフロンを含有する固形培地上にプレーティングした。約4週間後、クロルスルフロン耐性カルスを選択し、遺伝子発現分析のため生育させた。
GUS遺伝子及び、イントロン非含有(pMON8677)、ADH1イントロン(pMON8678)又は、HSP70イントロン(pMON19433)を含有するプラスミドを、BMS細胞中に撃ち込み、安定に形質転換した系を上記の如く作製した。クロルスルフロン耐性系を選択して、組織化学染色(Jefferson 等, 1987年, Embo. J. 6:3901−3907)によりGUS発現を評価した。表3Aに示す如く、HSP70イントロンベクターを用いた形質転換は、ADH1イントロン含有又はイントロン非含有ベクターのいずれかを用いた形質転換に比し、有意に高い割合の非選択GUSマーカーの共発現を示した。より多数のクロルスルフロン耐性カルスが、組織化学GUS染色検出の閾値より上にあることから、HSP70イントロンベクターは、ADH1ベクター又はイントロン非含有ベクターより高いレベルで発現すると考えられる。これを確認するために、各ベクターから得た10個の独立したGUS陽性形質転換体由来の抽出物に於けるGUS活性を測定した(pMON8677は1個のGUS陽性カルスをアッセイし、他の9個は任意に選んだ)。これらのアッセイのデータを、表3Bに示す。これらの結果は、HSP70イントロンが、安定に形質転換された細胞系に於けるGUS発現を、トランジエント遺伝子発現分析で観察されたものよりより大きい程度に増強することを示している。HSP70イントロンベクターを含有する系で観察されたGUS発現の平均レベルは、ADH1イントロンベクターを含有する系で観察されたそれの約80倍以上であった。10個のHSP70系の最高は、ADH1系の最高の100倍以上、イントロンを含まない系の最高の約800倍以上のGUSを発現した。
本発明者等は、商業上重要なB.t.k.遺伝子の発現に対するHSP70イントロンの効果を同様に調査した。含有す るイントロンのみが異なる二つのプラスミド、即ち、pMON10920(e35S/ADH1/B.t.k./NOS)及びpMON10921(e35S/HSP70/B.t.k./NOS)を構築した。それぞれは、Adang 等(1985年) Gene 36:289−300 により記載されたBacillus thuringiensis kurstaki (B.t.k.)昆虫防除蛋白をコードする3.6kb全合成遺伝子を含有する。この遺伝子の植物中での発現は、昆虫耐性に帰する。1.9kbのGUS断片の代りに、pMON8678(図5)中にB.t.k.を含有する3.6kbのNcol/EcoRI断片を挿入することによりpMON10920(図20)を構築した。pMON19433(図9)中にB.t.k.コード配列を含有する3.6kbのNcol/EcoRI断片を挿入したことを除いては同様にしてpMON10921(図11)を構築した。
GOX発現に対するイントロンの効果を試験するためにpMON19632及びpMON19643を構築した。両方のベクターは、Arabidopsis thaliana SSU 1a 遺伝子(SSUCTP)(Timko 等, 1988年, The Impact of Chemistry on Biotechnology, ACS Books, 279−295)から誘導されるN−末端0.26kbの葉緑体トランジットペプチド配列及び、C−末端1.3kbの合成GOX遺伝子配列から成る遺伝子融合体を含有する。GOX遺伝子は、グリホゼートから除草剤として不活性な生成物であるアミノメチル燐酸及びグリオキシル酸への変換を触媒する酵素グリホゼート酸化還元酵素をコードする。遺伝子融合体の植物中での発現は、CTPが切断及び分解され成熟GOX蛋白(della−Cioppa等, 1986年, Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci. USA 83:6873−6877 )を放出する葉緑体内に迅速に運ばれるプレー蛋白を生成する。
5−エノールピルビルシキメ−ト−3−燐酸シンターゼ(EPSPS)遺伝子の発現に対するADH1及びHSP70イントロンの効果を比較するために、二つのベクター、pMON8631及びpMON19640を構築した。除草剤グリホゼートに対する耐性を賦与する二つの突然変異(成熟ペプチドのGoy101>Ala及び Gly163>Asp)を有するトウモロコシEPSPSコード配列を含有する1.75kb断片を、ADH1イントロンとNOSポリアデニル化配列の間に挿入したことを除いては、pMON8678(図5)と同様にしてpMON8631(図22)を構築した。従って、pMON8631は、5′から3′までに、増強されたCaMV35Sプロモーター、ADH1イントロン、EPSPSコード配列及び、細菌に於けるアンピシリン選択のためのβ−ラクタマ−ゼ遺伝子を含有するpUC骨格内のノパリンシンターゼポリアデニル化領域を含む。
Bacillus thuringensis var. tenebrionis (B.t.t.) 殺虫蛋白(McPherson等, 1988年, Bio/Technology 6:61−66)をコードする合成遺伝子を含有するpMON19484(図13)を、pMON19470(図8)中のBamHI部位にBg1II断片上の1.8kb B.t.t.遺伝子を挿入することにより構築した。従って、pMON19484は、5′から3′までに、増強されたCaMV35Sプロモーター、HSP70イントロン、B.t.t.コード配列及び、細菌に於けるカナマイシン選択のためのNPTII遺伝子を含有するpUC様骨格内のノパリンシンターゼポリアデニル化領域を含む。
pMON19477(図24)は、S. hygroscopicus由来のBAR遺伝子を含有する。BAR遺伝子は、除草剤BASTAに於ける有効成分ホスフィノトリシン又はビアラホスに対する耐性を賦与することにより選択マーカーとして用いることのできるホスフィノトリシンアセチルトランスフェラーゼ酵素をコードする(Fromm 等, 1990年, Bio/Technology 8:833−839; De Block 等, 1987年, Embo.J. 6:2513−2518; Thompson等, 1987年, Embo.J. 6:2519−2523)。BAR遺伝子を0.6kb BamHI−BC1I断片としてpMON19470(図8)内のBamHI部位中に挿入することによりpMON19477を構築した。従って、pMON19477は、5′から3′までに、増強されたCaMV35Sプロモーター、HSP70イントロン、BARコード配列及び、細菌に於けるカナマイシン選択のためのNPTII遺伝子を含有するpUC様骨格内のノパリンシンターゼポリアデニル化領域を含む。
pMON19640(図12)は、5−エノールピルビルシキミ酸−3−燐酸シンターゼ(EPSPS)遺伝子を含有する。pMON19640(図12)を形成するために、グリホゼート除草剤に対する耐性を賦与する、成熟ペプチドの二つの突然変異(Gly144>Ala及びGly206>Asp)を有するトウモロコシEPSPSコード配列を含有する1.75kb XbaI−EcoRI断片を、pMON19470(図8)内の対応する制限部位中に挿入した。従って、pMON 19640は、5′から3′までに、増強されたCaMV35Sプロモーター、HSP70イントロン、EPSPSコード配列及び、細菌に於けるカナマイシン選択のためのNPTII遺伝子を含有するpUC様骨格内のノパリンシンターゼポリアデニル化領域を含む。
A.HSP70イントロン内の欠失
pMON19433をBsmI及びNsiIで消化し、続いて円滑末端を創るためにT4ポリメラーゼで処理し、再ライゲ−ションすることにより、欠失1(図2)(配列番号:2)を創出した。消化にBsmI及びSnaBIを用いたことを除いては同様にして欠失2(図3)(配列番号:3)を作成した。実施例2に於いて記載したようなBMSパーティクルガントランジエントアッセイにより、全長鎖HSP70イントロンの遺伝子発現に対する影響と欠失1又は欠失2の影響とを比較した。下記に示す如く、pMON19433に於いて、内部欠失を有するイントロンは、イントロンを含まない対照に対し全長鎖イントロンと同じ程度にGUS遺伝子発現を増加させる。
又、ポリメラーゼ連鎖反応法(PCR法)によるHSP70イントロンの初めのポリメラーゼ連鎖反応法合成に於いて、変異体イントロンも合成した。この変異体イントロンは、β−グルクロニダーゼ又はルシフェラーゼに隣接してクロ−ンされる場合、イントロンを含まない対照に対し発現を4倍増加させるが、野性型HSP70イントロンより10倍少ない。配列番号:1に示したヌクレオチド配列からの唯一の有意な相違は、19番目のヌクレオチドに於けるアデニンの欠失のみである。
オリジナルのHSP70″イントロン″は、完全な介在配列を含み、又10個の塩基のエクソン1及び11個の塩基のエクソン2を含有する。このイントロンは、増強されたCaMV35Sプロモーターとコード配列間の5′非翻訳リーダー領域内に位置することから、この21個の塩基のエクソン配列はリーダー内に残されたままになる。過剰のHSP70エクソン配列がスプライシング効率及び、遺伝子発現を増加させる能力に影響するかどうかを調査するために、HSP70エクソン1の3′末端の50個のヌクレオチド及び/又はHSP70エクソン2の5′末端の28個のヌクレオチドを生じさせるPCR法用プライマー(Shah 等, 1985年, Cell and Mol.Biol.of Plant Stress. Alan R. Liss, Inc .181−200)を用いて、異なる量のエクソン配列を含有するイントロンを合成した。
小麦細胞に於ける遺伝子発現に対するイントロンの効果を調べるために、トランジエント遺伝子発現アッセイを行った。実施例2に於いてコーン浮遊細胞について記載したように、C983小麦浮遊細胞(フロリーダー大学、I. Vasil博士より入手)をプレーティングし、イントロン非含有(pMON8677)、ADH1イントロン(pMON8678)及びHSP70イントロン(pMON19433)含有β−グルクロニダーゼベクターで爆撃した。下記に示す如く、小麦細胞に於けるGUS発現に対するADH1イントロン及びHSP70イントロンの効果は、コーン細胞に於けるものに匹敵する。ADH1イントロンベクターは、イントロンを含まないベクターに比し高いレベルのGUS発現を示すが、HSP70イントロンベクターは、ADH1イントロンベクターに比し有意に高いレベルの発現を示す。
イネ株8706、即ちインディカ/ジャポニカ雑種、由来のイネ組織培養系812MをMS培地で生育させた。継代培養の翌日、パーティクルガン爆撃のため、細胞をワットマンフィルターに移した。BMS細胞のために述べた(実施例3)ように、PDS−1000を用いて、CaCl2/スペルミジンで沈澱させたプラスミドDNAで爆撃を行った。この細胞に2日間導入した遺伝子を発現させた後、回収した。β−グルクロニダーゼ(GUS)及びルシフェラーゼ(LUX)を、前述のごとくアッセイした。表7に示すように、重複実験に於ける5′非翻訳領域内のHSP70イントロンの存在は、イントロン非含有ベクターで観察される発現の、LUX発現に対するGUS発現の平均値を約10倍増加させる。
HSP70イントロンベクター中のCP4 EPSPS遺伝子(1991年8月28日出願された米国特許出願S.N.07/749,611、参照により本明細書に含めるものとする)の発現を調べるために、pMON19653(図27)を構築した。1.4kb細菌CP4 EPSPS蛋白コード領域にフレ−ム内に融合させた、Arabidopsis EPSPS 遺伝子(AEPSPS CTP)由来の300bp葉緑体トランジットペプチドを含有する1.7kb Bg1II−EcoRI断片を、BamHI−EcoRI消化したpMON19470中にクロ−ンして、pMON19653を形成させた。従って、pMON19653は、5′から3′までに、増強されたCaMV35Sプロモーター、HSP70イントロン、AEPSPS CTP/CP4コード配列及び、細菌に於けるカナマイシン選択のためのNPTII遺伝子を含有するpUC様骨格内のノパリンシンターゼポリアデニル化領域を含む。
Claims (9)
- トウモロコシ、イネまたはライ麦植物内でのキメラ植物遺伝子の発現法において、この方法の改良が、蛋白質をコードする構造DNA配列の非翻訳リーダー5’中に配列番号:1、配列番号:2及び配列番号:3から成る群から選ばれるイントロンを含むキメラ植物遺伝子を発現することを包含する前記方法。
- イントロンが配列番号:1である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- イントロンが配列番号:2である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- イントロンが配列番号:3である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 構造DNA配列がEPSPシンターゼをコードする、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 構造DNA配列がACC−デアミナーゼをコードする、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 構造DNA配列がGOX蛋白質をコードする、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 構造DNA配列がB.t.結晶トキシン蛋白質をコードする、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 構造DNA配列がglgC16蛋白質をコードする、請求項2に記載の方法。
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| EP0602193B1 (en) | 2003-10-29 |
| US5859347A (en) | 1999-01-12 |
| US5593874A (en) | 1997-01-14 |
| JP2005168500A (ja) | 2005-06-30 |
| US5424412A (en) | 1995-06-13 |
| WO1993019189A1 (en) | 1993-09-30 |
| JPH06508040A (ja) | 1994-09-14 |
| DE69333267D1 (de) | 2003-12-04 |
| ES2210236T3 (es) | 2004-07-01 |
| JP2004097228A (ja) | 2004-04-02 |
| EP0602193A1 (en) | 1994-06-22 |
| CA2108000C (en) | 2005-08-23 |
| ATE253121T1 (de) | 2003-11-15 |
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