JP3394626B2 - Electronic musical instrument - Google Patents

Description

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a keyboard musical instrument, and more particularly to an electronic musical instrument whose tone changes continuously in response to pedal operation. [0002] A conventional upright piano is provided with a soft pedal, and when the soft pedal is depressed, a muffler made of felt hits a string, resulting in a soft tone. In a grand piano, when the soft pedal is depressed, the entire keyboard moves, and the timbre changes due to a change in the position of the hammer hitting the strings. On the other hand, in an electronic piano, a switch is driven by a soft pedal, and velocity data (key pressing speed information) obtained from a touch detecting means is corrected in accordance with on / off information of the switch. At times, a limiter is applied so that the velocity data does not exceed a predetermined value, and a limit is imposed so that the tone does not become brighter than a predetermined tone. [0003] In the conventional electronic piano as described above, the tone is controlled by turning on / off a switch. Therefore, by operating a soft pedal, the tone is controlled like an upright piano or a grand piano. However, there is a problem that a dynamic tone change cannot be obtained. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to improve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art and to provide an electronic musical instrument in which the timbre changes continuously according to the operation of a pedal. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a keyboard
Detects playing operation and outputs partial
To generate a tone signal and synthesize it by the synthesis means
Electronic musical instruments that generate more musical signals
The step and the detecting means for detecting the depression amount of the pedal means
The partial musical tone signal generating means comprises
Corresponding to the detected pedal depression amount
It generates a partial tone signal with varying levels.
Of the pitch corresponding to the performance operation in the predetermined range
Waveform signal generating means for generating a musical tone waveform signal and at least
Also tone information, touch information, and pedal depression information
Envelope generates envelope parameters based on
According to the envelope parameter generation means and the envelope parameter.
Generates an envelope signal, and converts the envelope signal
Envelope adding means for multiplying the partial musical tone waveform signal
From the envelope providing means.
A partial tone signal in which the bell changes is generated, and the envelope
The loop parameter generation means is based on at least the timbre information.
Parameter generator that generates envelope parameters
Modify envelope parameters based on step and touch information
Multiple data tables containing data to be corrected
Select the data table based on the step and the amount of pedal depression.
Selection means to select and output from selected data table
Modify envelope parameters based on captured data
Correction means. According to the present invention, in an electronic musical instrument for generating a musical tone signal by generating and synthesizing a plurality of partial musical tone signals, an amount of depression of a pedal is detected, and a performance operation, that is, a key depression is performed. Therefore, a partial tone signal whose signal level changes in accordance with the amount of pedal depression is generated. By controlling by the amount and decreasing the envelope level as the number of steps depressed, an upright piano or a grand piano can be simulated, and the tone can be changed according to the amount of stepping on the pedal. An embodiment of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a circuit configuration of an electronic musical instrument to which the present invention is applied. CPU1 is ROM2
Is a central processing unit that controls the entire electronic musical instrument based on a control program stored in the electronic musical instrument. The CPU 1 has a built-in timer circuit that issues a timer interrupt to the CPU 1 at a set predetermined cycle. The ROM 2 also stores automatic performance data in addition to programs. The RAM 3 is used as a work area and a buffer for storing performance information. In addition, the battery is backed up so that the set information can be retained even when the main power is turned off. The keyboard 4 is composed of, for example, a plurality of keys each having two switches, and the scan circuit 5 is a circuit that scans the state of each switch and takes it into the CPU 1. The panel 6 is composed of various switches such as tone selection switches, and a display device that displays characters and graphics using liquid crystal or LEDs. The panel interface circuit 7 scans the state of each switch of the panel 6 under the control of the CPU 1. The display device is driven. The pedal 10 is a lever that can be operated by the player with his / her foot. The voltage output from the variable resistor 9 linked to the pedal 10 is converted into a digital signal by the A / D converter 8 and read into the CPU 1. It is. Three sound source circuits 1
1 to 13 are paired with a high-frequency component waveform memory 14, a middle-frequency component waveform memory 15, and a low-frequency component waveform memory 16 , respectively.
Reads the partial sound waveform in the address interval proportional to the pitch to be sounded from their memory, a plurality of parts for generating partial tone signal by multiplying the envelope signal
Min tone is generator, in fact, is configured to be generating a large number of partial tone signals simultaneously by division multiplexing operation during a single tone generator. High frequency component waveform memory 1
4 and tone generator circuit 11, mid-range component waveform memory 15 and tone generator circuit
12, low-frequency component waveform memory 16 and tone generator circuit 13
Part of the pitch corresponding to the performance operation in the specified range
Functions as waveform signal generating means for generating musical tone waveform signals
Configuration. The adder 17 adds and synthesizes the digital partial tone signals output from each of the tone generator circuits 11 to 13 and decodes them.
A digital tone signal is generated , a D / A converter 18 D / A converts the digital tone signal, and an amplifier 19 amplifies the tone signal to drive a speaker 20. The bus 21 connects each circuit in the electronic musical instrument. In addition, if necessary, a memory card interface circuit, an FDD (floppy disk drive) interface circuit, a MID
An I interface circuit or the like may be provided. FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the tone generator circuits 11 to 13 of FIG. Read address generation circuit 3
0 sequentially generates read address signals based on the waveform selection information set by the CPU 1 and the read address interval information of the waveform memory corresponding to the pitch to be sounded. From the waveform memories 14 to 16, partial musical tone waveform data in a predetermined range is read out according to the read address, and is input to the multiplier 31. The envelope generator 32 generates a desired envelope signal by a known method based on envelope parameters corresponding to each phase such as an attack phase and a decay phase set by the CPU 1, for example, target level and speed information of each phase. A multiplier 31 multiplies the envelope signal by the partial musical tone waveform data and outputs a partial musical tone waveform signal to which an envelope has been added. FIG. 7 is a waveform diagram showing an envelope signal waveform generated from the envelope generator 32. As shown in FIG. For example, in the attack phase, a target level of the attack phase (attack level) and speed information (attack speed) corresponding to an approach rate to the envelope target level are given as envelope parameters corresponding to the attack phase. If the attack speed is the same and the attack level is different as shown in the figure, the waveform shape of the entire envelope will be a similar shape obtained by compressing or expanding the level of one waveform,
The overall signal level changes. Note that an envelope generator that generates such an envelope signal is well known. Therefore, by correcting the target level of each phase of the envelope, the signal level of the entire envelope can be controlled without changing the waveform shape. [0010] FIG. 3, d Nbe rope parameter generator means
It is a functional block diagram showing a reference example , and this reference example is twice.
Requires multiplication. A description will be given below together with the sound generation processing of the CPU 1. The CPU 1 constantly monitors changes in the state of the keyboard, and upon detecting key-on, selects three of the available sounding channels and assigns sounds in each range (key assignment). Then, data such as a read start address of a waveform memory corresponding to a tone color and a tone range, and a read interval corresponding to a pitch are set in the read address generating circuit 30 of each tone generator circuit. The parameters are set in the envelope generator 32 by the following processing.
The envelope parameter table 40 includes a range of a sound to be pronounced, for example, information on which octave the sound belongs to,
In addition, the target level and speed parameter of each phase of three envelopes corresponding to, for example, a high range, a middle range, and a low range are stored in correspondence with the tone color information set by the tone color selection switch of the panel. The CPU 1 searches the table stored in the ROM 2 and reads out the envelope parameters based on the tone range information obtained from the key number and the tone color information set from the panel. [0011] The velocity table 41 is touch information, and corresponds to velocity information which is a time difference information between two switches provided on the key. The velocity table 41 has three parameters for correcting parameters output from the envelope parameter table 40. It stores three different envelope coefficients 1 corresponding to the range. The CPU 1 generates a velocity table 41 based on the velocity information detected together with the key-on.
And reads out the envelope coefficient 1 for each range. Then, the target level parameter of each phase among the parameters output from the envelope parameter table 40 for each range is multiplied by the envelope coefficient 1 of the corresponding range (shown as a multiplier 43 in the figure). . By this calculation, the envelope levels of the three ranges are modified by different coefficients,
The overall sound volume is adjusted, and the mixing ratio of the waveforms in each tone range changes, so that the timbre changes by touch. The characteristics of the velocity table are arbitrary, and are determined, for example, so as to match the touch characteristics of a piano. As shown in FIG. 5, the contents of the soft pedal table 42 are as shown in FIG. 5, where the pedal is depressed (0 is not depressed, and FF (hexadecimal notation) is depressed most strongly). In contrast, an envelope coefficient 2 having characteristics as shown in the drawing is stored for each of three ranges. The envelope coefficient 2 is set such that the value does not change much with respect to the pedal depression amount for the low frequency region, and the value attenuates more as the pedal is depressed for the high frequency region. C
The PU 1 always reads the output voltage value of the variable resistor 9 interlocked with the pedal 10 by the A / D converter 8, converts the output voltage value into 8-bit data, and stores it in the RAM 3. And
At the time of key-on, the envelope coefficient 2 of each range is read from the soft pedal table 42 based on the stored depression amount information, and the envelope coefficient 1 is set for each range.
Is multiplied by the envelope coefficient 2 of the corresponding frequency range (shown as a multiplier 44 in the figure). Then, the CPU 1 sets the envelope parameters corrected by the coefficients 1 and 2 in the envelope generator 32 of each tone generator circuit, and starts sound generation. Through such processing, the envelope levels of the three ranges are corrected by different coefficients, and the timbre changes due to the change in the mixing ratio of the waveforms of each range. With the above-described configuration, an electronic musical instrument whose timbre changes continuously based on the operation of the soft pedal can be obtained. [0013] Figure 4 is a functional block diagram showing the actual施例envelope parameter generating means of the present invention. The envelope parameter table 40 generates three envelope parameters corresponding to each of the high range, the middle range, and the low range based on the range information and the timbre information, as in the reference example. As shown in FIG. 6 (a), the touch conversion table selection table 45 divides the contents into, for example, eight steps, and assigns the number of the touch conversion table to be adopted for each range to correspond to each step. I remember. Then, at the time of key-on, the CPU 1 determines to which stage the depressed amount information belongs, and at this stage, reads out the number of the touch conversion table to be adopted in each of the sound ranges. The touch conversion table 46 is based on, for example, velocity information, and the envelope parameter table 40
Consists of eight tables for generating an envelope coefficient 3 for correcting the target level parameter of each phase among the parameters output from
As shown in (b), the value of the envelope coefficient 3 for the same velocity decreases as the table number increases. Then, the envelope coefficient 3 corresponding to each range is read from the touch conversion table selected by the table number output from the touch conversion table selection table 45, respectively. The CPU 1 multiplies the target level parameter of each phase among the parameters output from the envelope parameter table 40 for each range by an envelope coefficient 3 of the corresponding range (shown as a multiplier 47 in the figure). .). For example, if the amount of depression is 0, FIG.
The table number 1 is selected for each range by the touch conversion table selection table 45 shown in (a), and the velocity information is converted into the envelope coefficient 3 using the same touch conversion table 1 for each range. If the depression amount is 3, the number 4 is for the high range and the number 2 is for the middle range.
For the number and low frequencies, the No. 1 touch conversion table is selected, and using the touch conversion table selected for each range,
The velocity information is converted into an envelope coefficient 3 for each range. In the example shown in FIG. 6, a table having a larger number is selected in a higher frequency range according to the depression amount, and the output coefficient value becomes smaller as the number increases in the touch conversion table. The band component is further attenuated, and a totally soft tone signal is generated. In the present embodiment, a large number of touch conversion tables are required (not necessarily in proportion) when the resolution of the depression amount is made fine, but only one multiplication (or division) for parameter correction is required. While the embodiment has been described above, the following modifications are also conceivable. In the embodiment, the tone generation circuit of the waveform readout method is disclosed, but the tone waveform generation method is arbitrary.For example, even in the sine synthesis method, the level or envelope of each harmonic can be controlled by the method of the present invention. It is feasible. In addition, partial sounds are divided into two or more arbitrary frequency regions.
You. As described above, in the present invention,
By generating and synthesizing multiple partial tone signals,
In an electronic musical instrument that generates a musical tone signal, the amount of depression of a pedal is detected, and in response to a performance operation, that is, key depression, a partial musical tone signal whose signal level changes according to the amount of pedal depression is generated. For example, an upright piano or a grand piano is simulated by controlling the signal level of a partial tone signal that generates a bright tone component in a tone signal, that is, the level of the envelope by controlling the amount of pedal depression, and decreasing the envelope level as the number of steps is increased. Thus, there is an effect that the timbre can be changed according to the pedal depression amount.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a circuit configuration of an electronic musical instrument according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a tone generator circuit of FIG. 1; FIG. 3 is a functional block diagram showing a reference example of an envelope parameter generating means. FIG. 4 is a functional block diagram showing an embodiment of an envelope parameter generating means of the present invention. FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing stored contents of a soft pedal table 42; FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing storage contents of a touch conversion table selection table 45 and a touch conversion table 46; FIG. 7 is a waveform diagram showing an envelope signal waveform. [Description of Signs] 1 CPU, 2 ROM, 3 RAM, 4 keyboard, 5 scan circuit, 6 panel, 7 panel interface circuit, 8 A / D converter, 9 variable resistor,
10 pedal, 11, 12, 13 ... tone generator circuit, 14 ... high-frequency component waveform memory, 15 ... middle-frequency component waveform memory, 16 ...
Low frequency component waveform memory, 17 adder, 18 D / A converter, 19 amplifier, 20 speaker, 21 bus

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims 1] A performance operation of a keyboard means is detected and a plurality of parts are detected.
A partial tone signal is generated from the divided tone signal generation means, and
Generates musical tone signals by combining
The electronic musical instrument includes a pedal unit and a detecting unit for detecting a depression amount of the pedal unit, wherein the partial tone signal generating unit corresponds to a performance operation.
The signal level according to the detected pedal depression amount.
Which generates a partial musical tone signal having a variable pitch, corresponding to a performance operation in a predetermined range.
Waveform signal generating means for generating a waveform signal, at least tone color information, touch information, and pedal depression
Generate envelope parameters based on
Means for generating an envelope signal according to an envelope parameter;
And the envelope signal is multiplied by the partial tone waveform signal.
The signal level changes from the envelope providing means .
The envelope parameter generator includes a parameter generator that generates an envelope parameter based on at least timbre information, and a plurality of data table units that store data for correcting the envelope parameter based on the touch information. If, based on the pedal depression amount, a selecting means for selecting a data table and that electronic instrument characterized in that it comprises a correction means for correcting an envelope parameters based on output from the selected data table data.