JP3123015B2 - Underlayment for plant raising and seedling raising method - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an underlaying paper for raising seedlings used for raising seedlings of plants such as paddy rice, vegetables and flowers.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, for cultivation of paddy rice, vegetables, flowers and the like, a method of raising and transplanting seedlings has been widely adopted. That is,
In this method, seedlings are raised for a certain period of time by using seedling raising materials such as a seedling raising box and a seedling raising container, and the seedlings are planted by a transplanter and manually. The seedlings are set to a certain size from the viewpoint of the compatibility of transplantation systems such as transplanters, and can be easily separated one by one,
Conditions are required such that the roots are intertwined in the lower part of the seedling to form a mat. At present, in order to satisfy these conditions, a method of laying underlaying paper having various performances in a nursery box and then raising the seedling thereon is adopted.

One method of growing seedlings using underlaying paper is to lay paper with extremely low rot resistance such as newsprint on the bottom and form a nursery on it. Although these are inexpensive, the strength of the paper is weak and the decay is fast, so that the roots extend from the bottom hole of the seedling box drainage to the outside of the box during the seedling raising. In such a case, it is difficult to easily remove the seedlings from the box at the time of transplantation, and root cutting work outside the box is involved, which is a burden on farming. Further, the following is known as another method for growing seedlings using underlaying paper (thin film). 1. A method of laying a root-deterrent agent all over the bottom of a seedling raising box, laying a plurality of layers of paper sheets (old newspaper paper, etc.) thereon, and forming a nursery of soil on the upper surface of the paper sheet to raise seedlings (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 52-
47410). 2. By forming a plurality of grooves of appropriate depth in the direction intersecting the folds of the flute paper from the side of the liner paper on the single-sided cardboard, a large number of the grooves are formed in the valleys of the folds on the flute paper side of the single-sided cardboard. A method of laying a seedling paper having a through hole at the bottom and forming a nursery bed of soil on the upper surface to raise the seedling (Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 56-48133). 3. A thin film made of a non-corrosive non-woven sheet, in which a large number of bendable micropores (30 microns or less) penetrating substantially continuously from the front surface to the back surface are formed. Then, a method of laying this thin film on the bottom of a box and forming a nursery bed of soil on the upper surface to raise seedlings (Japanese Patent Publication No. 59-2)
0325). 4. A method of raising seedlings using a mat-type seedling paper in which liquid or paper fibers are loosely separated without forming a soil nursery on the upper surface thereof (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 62-6993)
8, JP-A-62-19029). 5. Using a fibrous material (woody and non-woody fibers) as the main raw material, a synthetic polymer (thermosetting resin or thermoplastic resin) blended with this, and using a mat-type seedling raising paper that is heat-molded, A method of raising seedlings by forming an upper nursery on the upper surface (Japanese Patent Publication No. 59-6613). 6. A nonwoven fabric sheet obtained by mixing polyolefin fibers and vegetable natural fibers, wherein a thin film of 10 to 15% by weight based on the total weight of the vegetable natural fibers is laid on the bottom of a box, and soil A method of raising seedlings by forming a nursery (JP-B 63-63)
298139). In all of the above-described methods for raising seedlings, seedlings in which the roots are entangled in a mat shape are formed, but have the following disadvantages. 2,
In No. 4, paper production requires a very complicated process, is expensive, and is not economical. In the case of No. 1, the paper itself is inexpensive, but it takes time and effort to prepare a nursery and requires materials other than paper. The use of non-corrosive sheets in 3, 5, and 6 has the advantage that this sheet can be used several times, but it is necessary to remove the remaining sheets from the seedlings during the transplanting of the seedlings. Extra work is required during busy transplantation work. Under these circumstances, farmers are not satisfied with the current methods, especially in raising seedlings whose roots are intertwined in a mat-like manner. We hope for the development of a new seedling raising method to eliminate the problem.

[0004]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to solve these conventional disadvantages, the present invention makes it possible to grow a seedling having a mat-like root-entry suitable for a transplantation system by a simpler and less expensive method than in the past. Above, when collecting seedlings at the time of transplantation,
An object of the present invention is to provide an underlaying paper for raising seedlings, which does not require the work of removing the underlaying paper and the operation of cutting off the roots extending out of the seedling raising box.

[0005]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In the present invention, the use of underlaying paper, in which a moisture-resistant reinforcing resin is added to a vegetable-derived natural fiber for papermaking in an amount of 0.1% by weight or more, is used for raising seedlings. During the seedling raising period, the roots do not substantially penetrate under the underlaying paper, and the seedlings and a moderate mat-like root entanglement are formed. He knew that he had almost decayed.

[0006] The present invention is basically based on the fact that the vulcanized natural fiber for papermaking contains at least 0.1% by weight, preferably 0.2 to 10.0% by weight, more preferably 0.4% by weight of a moisture-resistant reinforcing resin. ~
The present invention relates to an underlaying paper for plant seedlings, which is blended at a ratio of 5.0% by weight. In addition, the present invention relates to a paper-made vegetable natural fiber containing 0.1% by weight or more, preferably 0.2% by weight, of a moisture-resistant reinforcing resin.
The present invention relates to an underlaying paper for plant raising seedlings, which is obtained by making a paper stock blended at a ratio of 10 to 10% by weight, more preferably 0.4 to 5.0% by weight.

Further, the present invention relates to a method of raising seedlings of paddy rice, vegetables, flowers and the like by using underlaying paper, wherein 0.1% of the wet-resistant resin is used.
By using underlayment blended in a weight percent or more, the root of the plant is not substantially penetrated under the underlayment during the seedling raising period, and at the end of the seedling raising, the underlayment is decayed by microorganisms in the seedling culture medium. It relates to a method of raising seedlings.

[0008] The underlayment paper for plant seedlings of the present invention is not non-corrosive, but has a higher retention of corrosion resistance than underlayment paper or newsprint which has been used on the market and which has extremely low corrosion resistance. It is. In general, there are various methods for increasing the wet strength of paper.However, paper in which a melamine-formaldehyde resin region is blended with a wet-strength-enhancing resin typified by a polyamidoamine / epichlorohydrin resin in a natural vegetable fiber for papermaking is effective. It is also known to be economically effective.

In the present invention, various studies were carried out to improve the seedling paper for raising seedlings. As a result, 0.1% by weight or more, preferably 0.2% to 10.0% by weight, of such a wet-resistant resin was added. The paper is effective in providing appropriate rotability without performing secondary processing such as heat treatment and addition of a preservative, and the time required for the base paper to decay and decay with an increase in the blending ratio is reduced. It has also been found that it can be delayed as appropriate. And under the seedling raising condition of the average temperature 23 ° C,
As a result of examining the relationship between the blending ratio of the wet-resistant resin and the number of days for the base paper to decay to a state where the paper has almost no paper strength, the base paper on the 15th day was obtained at a moisture-proof moisture-resistant resin content of 0.5% by weight. Almost decomposes and the number of days increases with an increase in the mixing ratio, and the mixing ratio of the wet-resistant reinforcing resin is 5.0% by weight.
On the 90th day, the results showed that the underlayment almost decayed. Thus, in the normal seedling raising period (about 15 to 90 days) of paddy rice, vegetables and flowers, the most suitable practical range is 0.4 to 5.0% by weight of the moisture-resistant resin. If the mixture is short, the mixing ratio is small, if it is long, increase it.By selecting a paper suitable for the seedling raising conditions as appropriate, it has an appropriate mat-like root entanglement, and when seedling is harvested at the time of transplanting, This eliminates the need for stripping off the roots and removing roots extending out of the seedling raising box.

The underlayment paper for plant raising of the present invention is mainly composed of coniferous and hardwood kraft pulp and ground pulp. In addition, various kinds of papermaking pulp, lees in the pulping process, regenerated pulp, and pagasse, cotton, kenaf, etc. Plant fiber and bark are used. On the other hand, melamine-formaldehyde resin or polyamidoamine / epichlorohydrin resin is mainly used as the wet-resistance-enhancing resin. In addition, polyamideurea-formaldehyde resin and the like can be used. These wet-resistant resins are supplied in the form of an aqueous solution or a solution, and are mixed well with the raw pulp to be blended.

The paper stock containing the wet-resistance-enhanced resin is paper-made by a general paper machine such as a fourdrinier paper machine, a round net paper machine, or a short net paper machine, to obtain the underlaying paper for plant growing of the present invention. Can be

Test Example 1 (Comparison of characteristics between seedling-underlaying paper of the present invention and conventional products) Table 1 shows three kinds of seedling-underlaying paper as test distinctions.
Table 2 shows the characteristics of the seedling underlayment compared with the test results.

[0013]

[Table 1]

[0014]

[Table 2]

[0015] The measurement method of this measurement item is performed based on the JIS method. In addition, among the measurement items, regarding the residual strength after burying, the temperature was 30 ° C. and the humidity was 95 to 100.
% Of the underlaying paper was buried in the soil having a moisture content of 33% by weight and the wet tensile strength (hereinafter referred to as residual strength after being buried) was measured after a certain period of time. It was a measure of corruption. The underlayment paper used in this test was 48.5% by weight of softwood unbleached kraft pulp, 48.5% by weight of hardwood bleached kraft pulp, and melamine
A paper stock composed of 3% by weight (all on a dry basis) of a formaldehyde resin (10% aqueous solution) was fed to a fourdrinier multi-cylinder paper machine to produce a papermaking machine, weighing 50 g / m ² . As a result of this test, the underlayment paper of the present invention is thicker in paper quality, lower in water absorption, greatly improved in dry and wet tensile strength, and has strong rot resistance, compared to commercial products and newsprint. Was observed. From this characteristic, when the seedling underlaying paper of the present invention is used for local seedling raising, the initial seedling raising keeps a strong wet tensile strength, then gradually collapses, and at the end of the seedling raising, almost no wet tensile strength, so-called underlaying paper. Is estimated to be in a state of decay.

Test Example 2. (Degree of decay of paper decay due to the effect of the blending ratio of the wet-resistant resin to the vegetable natural fibers for papermaking) Underlaying paper with a different blending ratio of the wet-resistant resin (melamine-formaldehyde resin) in the paper The effect of the mixing ratio of the wet-resistant resin used on the residual strength after burial was investigated.
The remaining strength after burial is the same as in Test Example 1. Table 3 shows the results.

[0017]

[Table 3]

As a result, the strength sharply increased up to the blending ratio of 3% by weight, and thereafter increased gradually, and became constant after 5% by weight. At the same time, under the seedling raising condition at an average temperature of 23 ° C., the relationship between the compounding ratio of the wet-resistant resin and the number of days that the base paper rots and disintegrates until the paper has almost no paper strength (wet tensile strength cannot be measured) As a result of the test, the underlayment almost completely decayed on the 15th day at a blending ratio of the wet-resistant reinforcing resin of 0.5% by weight, and the days became longer with an increase in the blending ratio. 90% by weight
On the day, the result showed that the underlayment was almost decaying. Considering these results and the period of raising seedlings normally performed, the range of the compounding ratio of the wet-resistant resin is 0.4
It can be said that ~ 5.0% by weight is the most preferable. In the case of plants, the seedling raising period varies depending on the seedling raising conditions such as the type and ambient temperature, and the moisture content of the seedling cultivation soil. Therefore, if the seedling raising period is short, the compounding ratio is set low, and if it is long, the compounding ratio is set high. Then, it is necessary to match the target seedling raising period with the time when the underlayment of paper decay collapses.

[0019]

【Example】

[0020]

Example 1 Softwood unbleached kraft pulp 48.5%, hardwood powder bleached kraft pulp 48.5% by weight, and melamine-formaldehyde resin 3.0% by weight (all on a dry basis)
Was fed to a fourdrinier multi-cylinder paper machine to produce papermaking, and a base sheet for raising seedlings weighing 50 g / m ² was obtained. The underlaying paper was cut into a size of 277 × 577 mm, laid in a commercially available nursery box for paddy rice, and cultivated soil mixed with mountain soil and peat moss was packed thereon, and 200 g of germinating paddy (variety: Himenomochi) was collected.
And covered with soil. The nursery was carried out in a nursery house, and the nursery management was carried out in a 35-day nursery period according to the general method of growing rice seedlings. The same treatment was performed using a nonwoven sheet “Carneco” (trade name of Mitsui Petrochemical Co., Ltd.) based on polyolefin fibers as a control, and a comparative test was performed. As a result, there was no difference in the growth amount of the seedling and the degree of formation of the root mat between the underlaying paper and the control plot of the present invention, and there was no trouble in both plots even in the transplanting operation using the transplanter, and the plot was in a stable state. However, the underlaying paper of the present invention has decayed to a state of completely lacking strength at the time of transplantation, and the transplanting operation could be performed by the transplanting machine as it was, whereas the sheet of the control plot was at the time of transplanting at the start of seedling raising. When placing the seedlings in the transplanter in the same state, it was necessary to remove the sheet.

[0021]

Example 2 A stock containing 70.0% by weight of softwood ground pulp, 25.0% by weight of recycled pulp and 5.0% by weight of a polyamidoamine / epichlorohydrin resin (both on a dry basis) was fed to a round net Yankee paper machine. Supply and weigh 40
g / m ² of seedling underlayment was obtained. 277 ×
Cut to a size of 577 mm, placed in a commercially available nursery box for paddy rice, and a paper pot (registered trademark of Nippon Sugar Beet Sugar Co., Ltd .; cylinder 27 mm square × 38 mm high,
(220 bottles / volume) were placed, filled with nitted leek cultivated soil (trade name of Nippon Sugar Beet Co., Ltd.), and three potatoes coated with green onion seeds (variety: Nishikizo) were seeded and covered with soil. The seedlings were raised in a nursery house, and the management of the seedlings was conducted according to a general method for managing seedlings, with a nursery period of 90 days. The same treatment was performed using newspapers as a control, and a comparative test was performed. As a result, although there was no difference in the growth amount of the seedling between the underlaying paper of the present invention and the control plot, the degree of decay of the paper at the time of transplantation was as follows. Traces remained, while the control newspaper was completely decayed. For this reason, when collecting seedlings, the underlayment paper section of the present invention did not hinder at all, whereas the control section required cutting the roots because the roots of the seedlings extended to the ground through the holes in the seedling raising box. there were. Also, when the seedlings are transplanted by hand, the underlying paper section of the present invention is stable because the roots intertwined at the lower part of the paper pot prevent the collapse of the seedling cultivation and the seedling cultivation forms a block, so the transplanting work is stable. In contrast, in the control plot, the collapse of the seedling culture from the paper pot occurred frequently, and stable transplantation was not possible.

[0022]

Example 3 Softwood unbleached kraft pulp 70.0% by weight
A stock containing 29.5% by weight of recycled pulp and 0.5% by weight of melamine-formaldehyde resin (both on a dry basis) was fed to a fourdrinier Yankee paper machine having a basis weight of 50%.
g / m ² of seedling underlayment was obtained. 277 ×
Cut to a size of 577 mm, laid in a commercially available nursery box for paddy rice, and a paper pot (registered trademark of Nippon Sugar Beet Sugar Co., Ltd .; cylinder 35 mm square × 38 mm high,
128 pcs / volume), filled with Nitten super cultivation soil (trade name of Nippon Sugar Beet Co., Ltd.), and seeded one Chinese cabbage coat seed (variety: Harusakakari) in one pot and covered with soil. The seedlings were raised in the seedling raising house, and the management of the seedlings was conducted according to the general practice of raising seedlings, and the seedling raising period was 15 days. As a result, the degree of decay of the paper at the time of transplantation was such that the underlaying paper of the present invention had rotted to such an extent that the paper had no strength, but traces of the paper remained, whereas newspaper paper as a control area had It was completely decayed. For this reason, when the seedlings were installed in the transplanter, the underlayment paper section of the present invention did not hinder at all, whereas in the control section, the roots of the seedlings extended to the ground through the holes in the nursery box, and the root cutting work was performed. Was needed. Also, when the seedlings are placed in the seedling supply cup after transplanting, the underlaying paper section of the present invention prevents the roots entangled at the lower part of the paper pot from disrupting the seedling cultivation soil, and the seedling cultivation soil forms a block, While the seedling supply operation was easily performed, in the control group, the collapse of the seedling culture from the paper pot occurred frequently, and stable transplantation was not possible.

[0023]

The underlaying paper for raising seedlings of the present invention can be used for paddy rice, vegetables,
During the seedling period of plants such as flowering plants, the roots did not substantially penetrate under the underlaying paper, formed a moderate mat-like root entanglement, and maintained the characteristic of decay and collapse at the end of seedling raising It is paper. Due to these effects, the use of this paper as a seedling underlayment reduces labor for raising seedlings and transplanting compared to conventional products, contributing to labor savings in agricultural work, and is economical for farmers because the paper itself is inexpensive. There is an advantage that it is also advantageous.

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Claims (5)

(57) [Claims] An underlaying paper for plant seedlings comprising a natural fiber for papermaking and a moisture-resistant resin in an amount of 0.1 to 10.0% by weight . 2. An underlaying paper for plant raising, which is made from a paper material in which a moisture-resistant reinforcing resin is blended with a natural vegetable fiber for papermaking at a ratio of 0.1 to 10.0% by weight . 3. Raising seedlings of paddy rice, vegetables, flowers, etc. by using underlaying paper, using underlaying paper containing 0.1 to 10.0% by weight of a moisture-resistant resin, and during the raising period, the roots of the plants are substantially replaced with the underlaying paper. A method for raising seedlings, wherein the underlaying paper is decayed and disintegrated by microorganisms in the seedling cultivation soil at the end of the raising of seedlings without penetrating underneath. 4. The wet-resistant reinforced resin melamine - claim 1 or underlay paper for plant propagation of <br/> claim 2, characterized in that formaldehyde resin or a polyamide-epichlorohydrin resin. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the wet-resistant resin is melamine-forma.
Aldehyde resin or polyamidoamine / epichlorohydrid
The method for raising seedlings according to claim 3, wherein the seedling is a resin.
Law.