JP2895295B2 - Artificial joint - Google Patents
Artificial jointInfo
- Publication number
- JP2895295B2 JP2895295B2 JP3345188A JP34518891A JP2895295B2 JP 2895295 B2 JP2895295 B2 JP 2895295B2 JP 3345188 A JP3345188 A JP 3345188A JP 34518891 A JP34518891 A JP 34518891A JP 2895295 B2 JP2895295 B2 JP 2895295B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- alumina
- head
- layer
- stem
- artificial joint
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 35
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 210000000588 acetabulum Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- 210000001624 hip Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000004394 hip joint Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 22
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 238000010290 vacuum plasma spraying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000004197 pelvis Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000000689 upper leg Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229910000599 Cr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000883 Ti6Al4V Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005524 ceramic coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007750 plasma spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/30767—Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2002/30001—Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
- Cardiology (AREA)
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
- Transplantation (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
- Prostheses (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、患者に装着される人工
関節に関するものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an artificial joint to be worn on a patient.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】全置換型人工関節は、例えば股関節に関
しては、図２に示すように、先端に骨頭１を備えたステ
ム２と臼蓋（ソケット）６とから構成され、この人工股
関節が患者の体内に埋め込まれる場合、ステム２が大腿
骨９側に、臼蓋６が骨盤10側に埋め込まれる。この臼蓋
６は、生体骨と接する金属製のアウターカップ（メタル
バック）７と骨頭１との回転摺動面となる高密度ポリエ
チレン製のインナーカップ８とから構成されるタイプの
製品が多い。また、骨頭１は金属製またはセラミックス
製で、ステム２に嵌合されている。2. Description of the Related Art As shown in FIG. 2, a total replacement type artificial joint is composed of a stem 2 having a head 1 at its tip and an acetabulum (socket) 6 , as shown in FIG. In this case, the stem 2 is implanted into the femur 9 and the acetabulum 6 is implanted into the pelvis 10 . This acetabular
Reference numeral 6 denotes a product composed of an outer cup (metal back) 7 made of metal in contact with living bone and an inner cup 8 made of high-density polyethylene serving as a rotary sliding surface of the head 1. The head 1 is made of metal or ceramics, and is fitted to the stem 2.
【０００３】人工関節の寿命は、臼蓋の摩耗量に大きく
依存しており、この摩耗量は骨頭の材質の違いに左右さ
れる。そのため、最近では金属材料に替わりアルミナセ
ラミックスが使用される傾向にある。この理由として
は、セラミックスの方が硬く、さらに表面粗さが細かく
でき、その結果、臼蓋の高密度ポリエチレン製のインナ
ーカップの摩耗量が減じるためである。[0003] The life of an artificial joint largely depends on the amount of wear of the acetabular, and this amount of wear depends on the difference in the material of the head. Therefore, in recent years, there has been a tendency to use alumina ceramics instead of metal materials. The reason for this is that the ceramics are harder and the surface roughness can be finer, and as a result, the wear amount of the high-density polyethylene inner cup of the acetabular eye is reduced.
【０００４】[0004]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】ところが、従来のセラ
ミックスのみの場合には、破壊靱性値ＫICが 3.1〜5.5
ＭＰam 1/2 と非常に低く、手術中の衝撃等により、骨頭
そのものが破壊するなどの問題が発生している。ちなみ
にチタン合金（6Al-4V）の破壊靱性値の一例を示すと、
ＫICは37.8ＭＰam 1/2 である。この対策として、金属製
の骨頭に単体のセラミックスを表面に被覆したもの、イ
オン注入したものなどが採用されつつある。しかし、単
体のセラミックスの被覆層のみでは、十分な界面強度が
得られず、セラミックス層が剥離することが想定され
る。However, in the case of conventional ceramics only, the fracture toughness value K IC is 3.1 to 5.5.
It is extremely low, such as MPam 1/2, which causes problems such as destruction of the head of the head due to impact during the operation. By the way, an example of the fracture toughness value of titanium alloy (6Al-4V) is shown below.
The K IC is 37.8MPam 1/2 . As a countermeasure, a metal head having a surface coated with a single ceramic or an ion-implanted body is being adopted. However, it is assumed that a sufficient interface strength cannot be obtained with only a single ceramic coating layer, and that the ceramic layer is peeled off.
【０００５】本発明は、上記の課題を解決するためにな
されたもので、金属製の骨頭の表面を傾斜機能アルミナ
セラミックスで被覆して、界面強度を上げ、表面を硬化
し、表面粗さを細かくすることによって、寿命の長い人
工関節を提供することを目的とする。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and the surface of a metal bone head is coated with a functionally graded alumina ceramic to increase the interface strength, harden the surface, and reduce the surface roughness. An object of the present invention is to provide an artificial joint having a long life by making it fine.
【０００６】[0006]
【課題を解決するための手段】先端に骨頭を備えたステ
ムと臼蓋とから構成される全置換型人工関節において、
ステム先端の金属製骨頭の表面に、異なる２層のアルミ
ナセラミックス層が形成されており、この２層の下層
（ステム側の層）がグレイアルミナであり、上層がホワ
イトアルミナであることを特徴とする人工股関節、およ
び先端に骨頭を備えたステムと臼蓋とから構成される全
置換型人工関節において、ステム先端の金属製骨頭の表
面にアルミナセラミックス層が形成されており、この層
のステム側がグレイアルミナであり、上側（臼蓋側）に
向けて徐々にホワイトアルミナ含有量が増加し、最上表
ではホワイトアルミナであることを特徴とする人工股関
節である。Means for Solving the Problems In a total replacement type artificial joint comprising a stem having a head at the tip and an acetabulum,
Two different layers of aluminum on the surface of the metal head at the tip of the stem
A ceramic layer is formed, and the lower layer of these two layers
(Stem side layer) is gray alumina, upper layer is white
Hip joint characterized in that it is
Consisting of a stem with a head and
The metal head at the tip of the stem in a replacement prosthesis
Alumina ceramic layer is formed on the surface, and this layer
Is gray alumina on the stem side and on the upper side (acetabular side)
White alumina content gradually increased toward
The artificial hips are characterized by being white alumina
Is a clause .
【０００７】[0007]
【作用】以下に、本発明を詳細に説明する。骨頭の素材
は靱性の点から、ステンレス、 Co-Cr合金望ましくは軽
いチタン合金である。Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail. The head material is stainless steel, a Co-Cr alloy, and preferably a light titanium alloy in terms of toughness.
【０００８】金属製の骨頭に被覆するアルミナセラミッ
クスは、下層にグレイアルミナを用いる。グレイアルミ
ナは 3％程度のTiO2を含有するものであり、TiO2が 3％
入っていることにより、融点が低下し、α−アルミナが
γ−アルミナになり、低い硬度を示し、これがチタン合
金との界面強度を増大し、密着性を改善する効果があ
る。また、被覆方法は大気プラズマ溶射が適用でき、被
覆層の厚さは 100〜300μm 程度が望ましい。[0008] Gray alumina is used for the lower layer of the alumina ceramics covering the metal bone head. Gray Alumina are those containing TiO 2 of about 3%, TiO 2 3%
Due to the inclusion, the melting point is reduced, and α-alumina is converted to γ-alumina, which has a low hardness, which has the effect of increasing the interface strength with the titanium alloy and improving the adhesion. Air plasma spraying can be applied as the coating method, and the thickness of the coating layer is preferably about 100 to 300 μm.
【０００９】上層にはホワイトアルミナを用いる。ここ
で、ホワイトアルミナとはアルミナと不可避不純物とか
らなる純アルミナのことである。被覆方法は減圧プラズ
マ溶射が望ましい。この方法によれば緻密な被覆が可能
で、表面を研削、研磨することにより、表面は鏡面とな
り、表面粗さの点で優れたものが得られる。被覆層の厚
さは靱性の点から 100μm 以下と薄いものが望ましい。For the upper layer, white alumina is used. here
And, white alumina means alumina and unavoidable impurities
Pure alumina. The coating method is preferably vacuum plasma spraying. According to this method, dense coating is possible, and by grinding and polishing the surface, the surface becomes a mirror surface and an excellent surface roughness can be obtained. The thickness of the coating layer is desirably as thin as 100 μm or less from the viewpoint of toughness.
【００１０】下層のグレイアルミナ層は HV700程度とセ
ラミックスにしては軟らかく靱性を有し、上層のホワイ
トアルミナ層はHV1200程度の硬さを有しており、靱性と
硬さを同時に満足する骨頭が得られる。The lower gray alumina layer has a hardness of about HV700, which is about HV700, which is soft for ceramics. The upper white alumina layer has a hardness of about HV1200, and a head capable of simultaneously satisfying toughness and hardness can be obtained. Can be
【００１１】以上、説明したように、金属製骨頭の表面
に二層のアルミナセラミックスを被覆することによっ
て、骨頭は一種の傾斜機能材となり、金属の靱性と下層
の密着性と上層の硬度、鏡面が一体となった優れたもの
となる。As described above, by coating the surface of the metal head with two layers of alumina ceramics, the head becomes a kind of functionally graded material, and the toughness of the metal, the adhesion of the lower layer, the hardness of the upper layer, and the mirror surface Will be an excellent one.
【００１２】[0012]
【実施例】以下、本発明の実施例について説明する。図
１は本発明の人工関節における骨頭を示したもので、ス
テム２の先端に骨頭１が嵌合されている。骨頭１は金属
基材３の表面にアルミナセラミックスの下層被覆４と上
層被覆５を被覆している。Embodiments of the present invention will be described below. FIG. 1 shows a head of an artificial joint according to the present invention, in which a head 1 is fitted to the tip of a stem 2. The head 1 covers the surface of a metal substrate 3 with a lower coating 4 and an upper coating 5 of alumina ceramics.
【００１３】金属基材３は、Ti-6Al-4V 合金で、金属基
材３の表面に 3％TiO2を含有した粒度＋10〜−53μm の
グレイアルミナを用いて、大気プラズマ溶射で下層被覆
４を形成した。溶射距離は 100mmで、被覆厚さは 300μ
m である。The metal substrate 3 is made of a Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The surface of the metal substrate 3 is made of gray alumina containing 3% TiO 2 and having a particle size of +10 to −53 μm. Was formed. Spray distance is 100mm, coating thickness is 300μ
m.
【００１４】さらに、下層被覆４の表面に粒度＋10〜−
53μm のホワイトアルミナを用いて、真空プラズマ溶射
で上層被覆５を形成した。溶射距離は 100mmで、被覆厚
さは100μm である。Further, the surface of the lower coating 4 has a particle size of +10 to-
Upper layer coating 5 was formed by vacuum plasma spraying using 53 μm white alumina. The spray distance is 100 mm and the coating thickness is 100 μm.
【００１５】被覆したアルミナセラミックス層を研削、
研磨して骨頭に仕上げた。被覆層の表面硬さはHV1200、
表面粗度はＲa 0.1 μm 程度で、表面気孔率は0.01％以
下である。[0015] Grinding The coated alumina ceramics layer,
It was polished and finished to the head. The surface hardness of the coating layer is HV1200,
The surface roughness is about Ra 0.1 μm, and the surface porosity is 0.01% or less.
【００１６】このようにして得られた骨頭は、金属基材
３の靱性と、下層被覆４の金属基材３との界面強度と、
上層被覆５の硬さと鏡面を備えたものである。したがっ
て、この骨頭を使用した人工関節は、臼蓋の高密度ポリ
エチレン製のインナーカップの摩耗量を減じることがで
き、人工関節の寿命を延ばすことができる。The head thus obtained has the following characteristics: the toughness of the metal substrate 3, the interfacial strength of the lower coating 4 with the metal substrate 3,
It has the hardness and the mirror surface of the upper layer coating 5. Therefore, in the artificial joint using the head, the wear amount of the inner cup made of high-density polyethylene of the acetabular can be reduced, and the life of the artificial joint can be extended.
【００１７】また、アルミナセラミックスを被覆する際
に、真空プラズマ溶射で、グレイアルミナ 100％からス
タートし、徐々にホワイトアルミナ量を増加し、最終的
にホワイトアルミナ 100％の被覆層を形成することによ
って、界面強度の優れた被覆層を形成することができ
る。When coating alumina ceramics, vacuum plasma spraying starts from 100% gray alumina, gradually increases the amount of white alumina, and finally forms a coating layer of 100% white alumina. And a coating layer having excellent interface strength can be formed.
【００１８】[0018]
【発明の効果】本発明は、先端に骨頭を備えたステムと
臼蓋とから構成される全置換型人工関節において、ステ
ム先端の金属製骨頭の表面に、傾斜機能アルミナセラミ
ックスを被覆した人工関節であって、この人工関節を使
用することによって、骨頭は手術中の衝撃等により破壊
することもなく、十分な界面強度があるため、セラミッ
クス層が剥離することもなく、さらに表面の硬さと鏡面
を備えているため、臼蓋の高密度ポリエチレン製のイン
ナーカップの摩耗量を減じることができ、人工関節の寿
命を延ばすことができる。The present invention relates to a total replacement artificial joint comprising a stem having a head at the tip and an acetabulum, wherein the surface of the metallic head at the tip of the stem is coated with a functionally graded alumina ceramic. By using this artificial joint, the head of the head is not destroyed by the impact during the operation, etc., and has a sufficient interface strength, so that the ceramic layer does not peel off, and the surface hardness and mirror surface are further improved. Therefore, the wear amount of the inner cup made of high-density polyethylene of the acetabular can be reduced, and the life of the artificial joint can be extended.
【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of the drawings]
【図１】本発明に係わる人工関節の骨頭の断面図であ
る。FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a head of an artificial joint according to the present invention.
【図２】従来技術の人工関節を説明する図である。FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a conventional artificial joint.
１…骨頭、２…ステム、３…金属基材、４…下層被覆、
５…上層被覆、６…臼蓋、７…アウターカップ、８…イ
ンナーカップ、、９…大腿骨、10…骨盤。1 ... head, 2 ... stem, 3 ... metal base material, 4 ... lower layer coating,
5: upper layer coating, 6: acetabular, 7: outer cup, 8: inner cup, 9: femur, 10: pelvis.
Claims (2)
構成される全置換型人工関節において、ステム先端の金
属製骨頭の表面に、異なる２層のアルミナセラミックス
層が形成されており、この２層の下層（ステム側の層）
がグレイアルミナであり、上層がホワイトアルミナであ
ることを特徴とする人工股関節。In a total replacement artificial joint comprising a stem having a head at the tip and an acetabular, two different layers of alumina ceramics are provided on the surface of the metal head at the tip of the stem.
A layer is formed, and the lower layer of these two layers (the layer on the stem side)
Is gray alumina and the upper layer is white alumina.
An artificial hip joint characterized in that:
構成される全置換型人工関節において、ステム先端の金
属製骨頭の表面にアルミナセラミックス層が形成されて
おり、この層のステム側がグレイアルミナであり、上側
（臼蓋側）に向けて徐々にホワイトアルミナ含有量が増
加し、最上表ではホワイトアルミナであることを特徴と
する人工股関節。2. A stem having a head at the tip and an acetabulum.
The total replacement type artificial joint
Alumina ceramic layer is formed on the surface of metal head
The stem side of this layer is gray alumina,
White alumina content gradually increases toward the (acetabular side)
In addition, the top table is characterized by white alumina
Hip prosthesis .
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3345188A JP2895295B2 (en) | 1991-12-26 | 1991-12-26 | Artificial joint |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3345188A JP2895295B2 (en) | 1991-12-26 | 1991-12-26 | Artificial joint |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH05168691A JPH05168691A (en) | 1993-07-02 |
| JP2895295B2 true JP2895295B2 (en) | 1999-05-24 |
Family
ID=18374892
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3345188A Expired - Lifetime JP2895295B2 (en) | 1991-12-26 | 1991-12-26 | Artificial joint |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2895295B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8187660B2 (en) * | 2006-01-05 | 2012-05-29 | Howmedica Osteonics Corp. | Method for fabricating a medical implant component and such component |
| CA2649108A1 (en) * | 2006-04-11 | 2007-10-25 | Smith & Nephew, Inc. | Ceramic metal composite for orthopaedic implants |
| JP5904485B2 (en) * | 2011-12-15 | 2016-04-13 | 学校法人中部大学 | Method for manufacturing artificial joint member |
| JP2015137739A (en) * | 2014-01-23 | 2015-07-30 | 大陽日酸株式会社 | Member for sliding part, and method of manufacturing the same |
-
1991
- 1991-12-26 JP JP3345188A patent/JP2895295B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH05168691A (en) | 1993-07-02 |
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