JP2600077B2 - Method and apparatus for continuous measurement of calorific value of organic gas - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for continuous measurement of calorific value of organic gasInfo
- Publication number
- JP2600077B2 JP2600077B2 JP63103394A JP10339488A JP2600077B2 JP 2600077 B2 JP2600077 B2 JP 2600077B2 JP 63103394 A JP63103394 A JP 63103394A JP 10339488 A JP10339488 A JP 10339488A JP 2600077 B2 JP2600077 B2 JP 2600077B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- calorific value
- measured
- organic gas
- detector
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Landscapes
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials Using Thermal Means (AREA)
- Other Investigation Or Analysis Of Materials By Electrical Means (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 〔技術分野〕 本発明は、有機ガスの発熱量を簡便かつ連続的に測定
する方法及び装置に関するものである。Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for simply and continuously measuring a calorific value of an organic gas.
気体燃料の発熱量測定方法としては、流水型熱量計、
炎型熱量計、ボンブ熱量計等による方法がある。この中
で流水型熱量計による方法が精度が高く各国で基準方法
として採用されている。この方法は、具体的には、一定
状態でガスを燃焼させて得た燃焼熱を一定流量の流水に
与えて、それによる流水の温度上昇から発熱量を求める
方法である。この方法は、経時変化のあるガス組成の発
熱量測定には不適であり、さらに、低カロリーのガスで
は燃焼状態が悪く、炎が立ち消えたり、不完全燃焼を起
こして測定できない。また、この熱量計による測定は分
析所要時間が多くかかるとともに操作は単純でなく熱練
を必要とするなどの欠点がある。As a calorific value measurement method of gaseous fuel, a flowing water calorimeter,
There is a method using a flame calorimeter or a bomb calorimeter. Among them, the method using a running water calorimeter has high accuracy and is adopted as a standard method in each country. Specifically, this method is a method in which combustion heat obtained by burning a gas in a constant state is supplied to flowing water at a constant flow rate, and a calorific value is obtained from a rise in temperature of the flowing water. This method is unsuitable for measuring the calorific value of a gas composition that changes over time. Further, low calorie gas has a bad combustion state and cannot be measured because the flame goes out or incomplete combustion occurs. Further, the measurement by the calorimeter has disadvantages such as a long analysis time, a simple operation, and a need for hot kneading.
炎型熱量計による方法は、一定ガス圧で燃焼させたと
きの炎内部の円錐の高さを測って発熱量を決定するもの
であり、もっとも簡易な方法であるが、流水型熱量計と
同様に低カロリーのガスでは炎が不安定となり測定でき
ない。また、発熱量測定方法として最も良く知られてい
るポンプ熱量計による方法は、固体や液体燃料の発熱量
測定に優れた方法であるが、気体燃料には誤差が大きく
て不適である。The method using a flame calorimeter measures the calorific value by measuring the height of the cone inside the flame when burning at a constant gas pressure, and is the simplest method. However, low calorie gas makes the flame unstable and cannot be measured. Further, a method using a pump calorimeter, which is best known as a calorific value measuring method, is an excellent method for measuring a calorific value of a solid or liquid fuel, but is not suitable for a gaseous fuel due to a large error.
以上、これらの熱量計による発熱量測定は、何れの方
法も基本的に気体燃料を完全燃焼させることが必要であ
り、それに基づく燃焼炎の状況や燃焼熱によって発熱量
を求める方法である。従って、今後、供給や需要の見込
まれる低カロリーガスの発熱量を測定するには、従来の
これらの熱量計では燃焼状態が不安定となり適応できな
い。現在、化石資源節約のため低品位炭、都市ゴミおよ
び廃プラスチック等を原料として、これらを部分燃焼し
ながら熱分解やガス化して低カロリーのガス燃料を製造
することが各企業で検討されている。これまで、これら
の低カロリーガスの発熱量を測定するには、ガスクロマ
トグラフィーによりガス中に含まれる各構成成分を分離
分析してその各成分の組成比から計算して求めている。
これは発熱量測定方法として精度が高く信頼性の高いも
のであるが、回分式で測定するため、工程から連続的に
生産されるガスの発熱量を連続的に監視して遅滞なく熱
量管理する操作が必要な場合に使用する方法として適当
ではない。As described above, the calorific value measurement by these calorimeters basically requires complete combustion of the gaseous fuel, and the calorific value is determined based on the combustion flame condition and combustion heat based on the method. Therefore, in order to measure the calorific value of the low calorie gas expected to be supplied or demanded in the future, the conventional calorimeters cannot be adapted because the combustion state becomes unstable. At present, companies are considering using low-grade coal, municipal waste, waste plastics, etc. as raw materials to produce low-calorie gas fuel by pyrolysis or gasification while partially burning them to save fossil resources. . Heretofore, in order to measure the calorific value of these low-calorie gases, each component contained in the gas is separated and analyzed by gas chromatography and calculated from the composition ratio of each component.
This method is highly accurate and reliable as a calorific value measurement method, but since it is measured in a batch mode, the calorific value of the gas continuously produced from the process is continuously monitored and the calorific value is managed without delay It is not an appropriate method to use when operation is required.
また、低カロリーの気体燃料の発熱量を連続して直接
測定する装置は実用化されていない。Further, an apparatus for continuously and directly measuring the calorific value of a low-calorie gaseous fuel has not been put to practical use.
本発明は、高カロリーのLPG等の他、中カロリーの都
市ガス、さらに、有機廃棄物の部分燃焼による熱分解や
ガス化で発生する低カロリーのガスなど各種の気体燃料
の発熱量を連続的に測定する方法と安価な装置を提供す
ることを目的とする。The present invention continuously reduces the calorific value of various gaseous fuels such as high-calorie LPG, medium-calorie city gas, and low-calorie gas generated by pyrolysis and gasification by partial combustion of organic waste. It is an object of the present invention to provide a measuring method and an inexpensive apparatus.
本発明によれば、有機ガスを微小流量で直接または無
機ガスで希釈して、水素イオン化検出器に導入し、ここ
で発生するイオン電流又はその増幅電流を測定し、この
測定値を該有機ガスの発熱量に変換することを特徴とす
る有機ガスの発熱量連続測定方法が提供される。According to the present invention, an organic gas is diluted directly or with an inorganic gas at a minute flow rate, introduced into a hydrogen ionization detector, and an ion current generated here or an amplification current thereof is measured. The method for continuously measuring the calorific value of an organic gas, characterized in that the calorific value is converted into the calorific value of the organic gas.
また、本発明によれば、前記方法を実施するための装
置として、有機ガスまたは無機ガスで希釈された有機ガ
スの微量流量調整装置と、該微量流量調整装置に接続す
る水素炎イオン化検出器と、該水素炎イオン化検出器で
発生するイオン電流を発熱量値に変換表示する変換表示
器を備えたことを特徴とする有機ガスの発熱量連続測定
装置が提供される。Further, according to the present invention, as a device for performing the method, an organic gas or an inorganic gas-diluted organic gas diluted flow rate adjusting device, and a flame ionization detector connected to the minute flow rate adjusting device, And a conversion display for converting and displaying an ion current generated by the flame ionization detector into a calorific value.
次に、本発明の原理について説明する。先ず、気体燃
料を形成している成分はほぼ決まっている。つまり、炭
素数１−４の飽和炭化水素であるメタン、エタン、プロ
パン、ブタンとこれらの不飽和炭化水素であるエチレ
ン、プロピレン及びアセチレン、一酸化炭素、水素等の
可燃物が気体燃料の主成分であり、さらに炭酸ガス、窒
素、酸素等が不燃物として混入している。これらの中で
炭化水素類の水素炎イオン化検出器における検出感度、
つまり発生するイオン電流値は、表１に示すように、炭
化水素の炭素数と濃度に比例し、炭酸ガスや窒素ガス等
の不燃ガスが共存してもその影響を受けない。一方、表
１に示すように、これら炭化水素のそれぞれの発熱量は
ほぼその炭素数とその濃度に比例していることから、水
素炎イオン化検出器におけるガス燃料からの発生イオン
電流は発熱量にほぼ比例することになる。図１に発熱量
とイオン電流との関係を示す。本発明は、このような事
実をその測定原理として利用するものである。Next, the principle of the present invention will be described. First, the components forming the gaseous fuel are almost fixed. That is, methane, ethane, propane, and butane, which are saturated hydrocarbons having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and combustible substances such as these unsaturated hydrocarbons, such as ethylene, propylene and acetylene, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen, are the main components of the gaseous fuel. In addition, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, oxygen and the like are mixed as incombustibles. Among them, the detection sensitivity of hydrocarbons in a flame ionization detector,
That is, as shown in Table 1, the generated ionic current value is proportional to the number of carbon atoms and the concentration of hydrocarbons, and is not affected even when non-combustible gases such as carbon dioxide gas and nitrogen gas coexist. On the other hand, as shown in Table 1, since the calorific value of each of these hydrocarbons is almost proportional to the number of carbon atoms and the concentration thereof, the ion current generated from the gaseous fuel in the flame ionization detector corresponds to the calorific value. It will be almost proportional. FIG. 1 shows the relationship between the calorific value and the ion current. The present invention utilizes such a fact as its measurement principle.
本発明による発熱量測定の対象は、気体燃料をはじめ
各種の有機ガスであり、その種類は限定されるものでは
ないが、高純度のメタン、エタン、プロパン、ｎ−ブタ
ン等高カロリーガス、廃車処理工場より排出されたプラ
スチックやゴムなどを含む廃棄物を部分燃焼させて得ら
れた低カロリーの生成ガス、鋸屑などの木質熱分解低カ
ロリーガス等が挙げられる。以下においてはその代表例
として有機物等の熱分解やガス化に於て発生する炭化水
素系カロリーガスを燃料として評価するための発熱量測
定について詳述する。 The object of the calorific value measurement according to the present invention is various kinds of organic gases including gaseous fuel, and the kind thereof is not limited, but high-purity methane, ethane, propane, high-calorie gas such as n-butane, waste car, etc. Examples include low calorie generated gas obtained by partially burning waste containing plastics and rubber discharged from a processing plant, and woody pyrolytic low calorie gas such as sawdust. Hereinafter, as a typical example, measurement of calorific value for evaluating hydrocarbon-based calorie gas generated in thermal decomposition or gasification of organic substances as fuel will be described in detail.
次に本発明を図面により、さらに詳細に説明する。 Next, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings.
図２は、本発明の方法を実施する装置系統図を示す
が、本発明を限定するものではない。即ち、流量計や微
量調整バルブはガスを一定の流量や圧力にするためのも
のであり、被測定ガスの濃度範囲が狭いものやそれほど
正確な測定値を必要としないことなど使用目的によって
は、抵抗管等で代用して簡略化するこも可能である。検
出器に流れるガス流量は一定であれば任意の量で選択可
能である。また、ここではゼロガスや希釈ガスとして窒
素、標準ガスとしてメタンを使用しているが、これらも
限定されるものではない。尚、標準ガスや被測定ガスの
希釈用無機ガスや希釈装置は限られた濃度範囲で使用す
るならば必ずしも装置する必要はないが、これらの装置
により精度は高くなり、また、幅広い濃度範囲にも適用
できるようになる。FIG. 2 shows a system diagram for implementing the method of the present invention, but does not limit the present invention. In other words, the flow meter and the micro-adjustment valve are for adjusting the gas to a constant flow rate and pressure, and depending on the purpose of use, such as that the concentration range of the gas to be measured is narrow or that it does not require a very accurate measurement value, It is also possible to use a resistance tube or the like as a substitute for simplification. The flow rate of the gas flowing through the detector can be selected as desired as long as it is constant. Further, here, nitrogen is used as the zero gas or the diluting gas, and methane is used as the standard gas, but these are not limited. If the standard gas or the inorganic gas for dilution of the gas to be measured is used in a limited concentration range, it is not always necessary to use a device. However, the accuracy is improved by these devices, and the concentration range is wide. Will also be applicable.
図中の１は標準ガス（メタンガス）、２はゼロガスお
よび希釈ガスとして使用する窒素ガス、３は発熱量未知
の被測定ガス、４は水素ガス、５は助燃剤としての空気
である。20〜29は微量の流量調整が可能なニードルバル
ブ、30〜34はガス流量計、8,18は流路の切り替バルブ、
９は圧力計、10A及び10Bは水素炎イオン化検出器、11は
水素イオン化検出器に接続された増幅器であり、標準ガ
スの発熱量値にあわせてスパン校正ができ発熱量値に変
換して12の表示器に発熱量値を表示できる。13は記録
計、14は被測定ガス中の水分や腐食性ガスを除くための
ガス清浄器である。ガスは流通経路は内径が約0.1〜3mm
のパイプで配管されている。In the figure, 1 is a standard gas (methane gas), 2 is a nitrogen gas used as a zero gas and a diluting gas, 3 is a gas to be measured whose calorific value is unknown, 4 is a hydrogen gas, and 5 is air as a combustion aid. 20-29 is a needle valve that can adjust a small amount of flow, 30-34 is a gas flow meter, 8,18 are flow path switching valves,
9 is a pressure gauge, 10A and 10B are hydrogen flame ionization detectors, and 11 is an amplifier connected to the hydrogen ionization detector. The span can be calibrated according to the calorific value of the standard gas and converted to the calorific value. The calorific value can be displayed on the display. 13 is a recorder and 14 is a gas purifier for removing moisture and corrosive gas in the gas to be measured. The gas flow path has an inner diameter of about 0.1 to 3 mm
It is plumbed with a pipe.
なお、図２において、水素炎イオン化検出器として
は、試料側（10A）と比較側（10B）の両者を設置してい
るが、助燃ガスやゼロに有機ガスが混入する恐れが全く
ない場合には試料側の検出器（10A）のみでよく、比較
側の検出器（10B）とその関連経路47、50、51、52、バ
ルブ27、28、流量計34を設置する必要はない。In FIG. 2, both the sample side (10A) and the comparison side (10B) are installed as hydrogen flame ionization detectors. Need only be the detector (10A) on the sample side, and there is no need to install the detector (10B) on the comparison side and its associated paths 47, 50, 51, 52, valves 27, 28 and flow meter 34.
次に図２に示した装置の操作について述べる。先ず、
水素炎イオン化検出器10A及び10Bに対し、水素をライン
46,47を通して及び空気をライン49,50を通してそれぞれ
適正量流し、着火する。水素炎が安定してからゼロガス
として窒素ガス２をライン40,42,44,45を通して検出器1
0Aに流し、またライン51、52を通して検出器10Bに流
し、記録計13のゼロ調整を行う。次に、バルブ21を閉に
し、検出器10Aに流れるゼロガスを止め、標準ガス１を
ライン42,44,45を通して、流量計33と圧力計９を監視し
ながら検出器10Aへ流し、検出装置10に接続する増幅器1
1に内蔵されたスパン調整用ボリウムで電流調整して、
標準ガスの発熱量（kcal/Nm3）と記録計の表示値とを一
致させる。再度、検出器10Aに対するゼロガスと標準ガ
スとを切換えて表示値が正しいことを確認した後、流路
切換バルブ18を被測定ガス３側に切換える。被測定ガス
にタールや腐食性ガス等が含まれている場合には、ガス
清浄器14を経由させて精製ガスを検出器10Aに流す。こ
の場合、流量計33と圧力計９の表示値が標準ガスを流し
た場合と正確に一致するようにニードルバルブ25で微量
調整する。過剰のガス54は抵抗管53から排出される。こ
のようにして被測定ガスの発熱量の値が表示され、記録
計13に記録される。Next, the operation of the apparatus shown in FIG. 2 will be described. First,
Line hydrogen to flame ionization detectors 10A and 10B
An appropriate amount of air flows through lines 46 and 47 and lines 49 and 50, respectively, and ignites. After the hydrogen flame stabilizes, the nitrogen gas 2 as a zero gas is passed through lines 40, 42, 44 and 45 to the detector 1
It flows to 0A and also flows to the detector 10B through the lines 51 and 52 to perform zero adjustment of the recorder 13. Next, the valve 21 is closed, the zero gas flowing to the detector 10A is stopped, and the standard gas 1 flows through the lines 42, 44, and 45 to the detector 10A while monitoring the flow meter 33 and the pressure gauge 9, and the detection device 10 Amplifier 1 connected to
Adjust the current with the span adjustment volume built in 1
Match the calorific value (kcal / Nm 3 ) of the standard gas with the value indicated on the recorder. After switching the zero gas and the standard gas for the detector 10A again to confirm that the displayed value is correct, the flow path switching valve 18 is switched to the measured gas 3 side. When the gas to be measured contains tar, corrosive gas, or the like, the purified gas is caused to flow through the gas purifier 14 to the detector 10A. In this case, the needle valve 25 performs a minute adjustment so that the display values of the flow meter 33 and the pressure gauge 9 exactly match those when the standard gas is supplied. Excess gas 54 is discharged from the resistance tube 53. In this way, the value of the calorific value of the gas to be measured is displayed and recorded in the recorder 13.
前記のようにして測定を行う場合に、記録計13がオー
バースケールする時には、被測定ガスの発熱量が標準ガ
スより高いので、被測定ガスを窒素で希釈してから再び
測定し、記録計の表示値に希釈倍率を乗じて発熱量を求
めることができる。逆に、記録計13の表示値が非常に小
さい時には、標準ガスを窒素ガスで希釈して被測定ガス
の発熱量に近くなるように再度スパン調整を行うか、又
は被測定ガスの流量を増す等して再調整を行い、その後
に、再測定することによって分析精度を高めることがで
きる。When the measurement is performed as described above, when the recorder 13 is overscaled, the calorific value of the gas to be measured is higher than the standard gas, so the gas to be measured is diluted with nitrogen, and the measurement is performed again. The calorific value can be obtained by multiplying the indicated value by the dilution factor. Conversely, when the display value of the recorder 13 is very small, dilute the standard gas with nitrogen gas and adjust the span again so as to approach the calorific value of the gas to be measured, or increase the flow rate of the gas to be measured. Thus, readjustment is performed, and then remeasurement is performed, thereby improving analysis accuracy.
また、応答速度を早くするため被測定ガス流量を高め
た場合や発熱量の非常に高い燃料を被測定ガスとして検
出器に導入した場合には、検出器で発生するイオン電流
が飽和して正しい発熱量測定ができなくなることがあ
る。その時の状態は検出器への被測定ガス流量を変化さ
せても表示値がその流量に比例しないので、すぐ判断で
きる。その場合には、表示値が被測定ガス流量に比例す
るまでそのガス流速を小さくするか、又は被測定ガスを
無機ガスで希釈して、再度スパン調整を行ってから測定
する。Also, when the flow rate of the gas to be measured is increased to increase the response speed, or when a fuel having a very high calorific value is introduced into the detector as the gas to be measured, the ion current generated by the detector is saturated and correct. The calorific value may not be measured. The state at that time can be immediately determined because the displayed value is not proportional to the flow rate of the gas to be measured to the detector even if the flow rate is changed. In this case, the gas flow rate is reduced until the indicated value is proportional to the flow rate of the gas to be measured, or the gas to be measured is diluted with an inorganic gas, and the span is adjusted again before measurement.
本発明で用いる水素炎イオン化検出器は、一般に、数
ppm〜数％の極めて低濃度の有機成分高感度検出器とし
て、ガスクロマトグラフィーや全炭化水素濃度計に利用
されている。しかしながら、本発明におけるように、直
接発熱量測定装置に応用した例は知られていない。The flame ionization detector used in the present invention generally has a number of
It is used in gas chromatography and total hydrocarbon concentration meters as a highly sensitive detector for organic components with extremely low concentrations of ppm to several percent. However, there is no known example in which the present invention is applied to a direct calorific value measuring apparatus as in the present invention.
本発明において、発熱量を測定しようとする被測定ガ
ス中の炭化水素が高純度又は高濃度の場合、例えばLPG
の場合には、検出器に被測定ガスを微小流量で直接流す
か、又は使用する標準ガスの発熱量値に近くなるよう窒
素や空気等の無機ガスで希釈して流す。一方、被測定ガ
ス中の炭化水素濃度が低い場合、例えば低品位炭や有機
廃棄物の部分燃焼によって製造された低カロリーガスの
発熱量を測定する場合には、被測定ガスを無機ガスで希
釈せずに直接検出器へ流す。標準ガスとしては、被測定
ガスのガス組成に近いガスが望ましいが、発熱量が既知
であれば任意の濃度の標準ガスを用いることができる。In the present invention, if the hydrocarbon in the gas to be measured to measure the calorific value is high purity or high concentration, for example, LPG
In the case of (1), the gas to be measured is caused to flow directly into the detector at a minute flow rate, or diluted with an inorganic gas such as nitrogen or air so as to be close to the calorific value of the standard gas used. On the other hand, when the hydrocarbon concentration in the gas to be measured is low, for example, when measuring the calorific value of low-calorie gas produced by partial combustion of low-grade coal or organic waste, the gas to be measured is diluted with an inorganic gas. Flow directly to the detector without As the standard gas, a gas close to the gas composition of the gas to be measured is desirable, but a standard gas having an arbitrary concentration can be used as long as the calorific value is known.
本発明によれば、天然ガスや市販の気体燃料は勿論、
廃棄物の熱分解や石炭のガス化で発生する燃料性の悪い
低カロリーの炭化水素系ガスの発熱量測定も容易であ
る。しかし、本発明で用いる水素炎イオン化検出器は、
気体燃料の一部である水素や一酸化炭素を感知しないの
で、これらのガスの含有率の高い高炉ガスや水性ガスの
発熱量測定に際しては、これらのガスの持つ発熱量分を
上乗せして補正する必要がある。しかし、これらのガス
は炭化水素に比べ、発熱量が低く、純物質で各々発熱量
がともに約3050kcal/m3であるので、これらが炭化水素
ガスの濃度に比べて高濃度の場合を除き、補正する発熱
量値はそう大きくはならない。According to the present invention, natural gas and commercially available gaseous fuels, of course,
It is also easy to measure the calorific value of low-calorie hydrocarbon-based gas with poor fuel properties generated by pyrolysis of waste or gasification of coal. However, the flame ionization detector used in the present invention is:
Since hydrogen and carbon monoxide, which are part of gaseous fuel, are not detected, the calorific values of blast furnace gas and water gas with high content of these gases are corrected by adding the calorific value of these gases. There is a need to. However, these gases compared to hydrocarbons, the heating value is low, since each heating value of pure substance is both about 3050kcal / m 3, except for the high concentration compared to the concentration of these hydrocarbon gases, The calorific value to be corrected does not become so large.
本発明によれば、有機ガスの発熱量を連続的かつ簡便
に測定することができ、その産業的意義は多大である。ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the calorific value of an organic gas can be measured continuously and simply, and its industrial significance is great.
次に本発明を図２に示した装置系を用いた実施例によ
りさらに詳細に説明する。Next, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to an embodiment using the apparatus system shown in FIG.
実施例１ 発熱量が既知のガスとして純度の高いメタン、プロパ
ン、ブタンを用い、ゼロガスには窒素を用いて、それら
の可燃性ガスの発熱量と水素炎イオン化検出器で発生す
る電流表示値との関係を調べた。その結果、各々のガス
の発熱量と表示値の関係はほぼ直線で近似でき、検出器
へ入るガス流量と圧力を一定に保持すれば、その繰り換
し精度は非常に良いことが明らかとなった。次いで、表
示値が発熱量を示すよう電気的に表示変換の改造を行
い、ブタンを標準ガスとして使用して、その発熱量と変
換された表示値が一致するようスパン調整を行ってから
メタンとプロパンの発熱量を測定した。その結果、二つ
のガスの表示値はこれらの発熱量とほぼ一致することを
確認した。さらにこれらのガスを窒素と任意に混合させ
た場合、その割合に応じた発熱量を示し、ガスの比率か
ら計算した結果とほぼ一致し、発熱量の連続測定装置と
して利用できることが明らかとなった。Example 1 High-purity methane, propane, and butane were used as gases having a known calorific value, and nitrogen was used as a zero gas. The calorific values of these combustible gases and the current display value generated by the flame ionization detector were used. The relationship was investigated. As a result, the relationship between the calorific value of each gas and the display value can be approximated by a straight line, and if the gas flow rate and pressure entering the detector are kept constant, it is clear that the repeatability is very good. Was. Next, the display conversion is remodeled electrically so that the indicated value indicates the calorific value.Using butane as the standard gas, the span is adjusted so that the calorific value matches the converted indicated value, and then methane and methane are converted. The calorific value of propane was measured. As a result, it was confirmed that the indicated values of the two gases were almost the same as those calorific values. Furthermore, when these gases were arbitrarily mixed with nitrogen, the calorific value corresponding to the ratio was shown, which almost coincided with the result calculated from the gas ratio, and it became clear that it could be used as a continuous calorific value measuring device. .
実施例２ 標準ガスにメタン、被測定ガスにプラスチック廃棄物
の熱分解ガスを適用させてこのガスの発熱量を実測し
た。この結果、表示された発熱量値はガスクロマトグラ
フィーで分析した発熱量値とほぼ一致し、その差は約−
４％であり、十分信頼性のおけるものであった。その時
の検出器に流した被測定ガス流量は毎分３〜60ml、圧力
は0.2〜2.0kg/cm2の範囲であり、標準ガスと被測定ガス
の流量と圧力を正確に一致させることにより、精度良く
測定できることを確認した。Example 2 Methane was used as the standard gas, and pyrolysis gas of plastic waste was used as the gas to be measured, and the calorific value of this gas was measured. As a result, the displayed calorific value almost coincided with the calorific value analyzed by gas chromatography, and the difference was about-
4%, which was sufficiently reliable. At that time, the flow rate of the gas to be measured flowing in the detector is 3 to 60 ml / min, and the pressure is in the range of 0.2 to 2.0 kg / cm 2. By exactly matching the flow rate and pressure of the standard gas and the gas to be measured, It was confirmed that measurement could be performed with high accuracy.
図１は発熱量とイオン電流との関係を示すグラフであ
る。 図２は本発明を実施するための装置系統図を示す。 １……標準ガス、２……窒素ガス、３……被測定ガス、
４……水素ガス、５……空気、10A,10B……水素炎イオ
ン化検出器、11……増幅器、12……表示器、13……記録
計。FIG. 1 is a graph showing the relationship between the calorific value and the ion current. FIG. 2 shows a system diagram for implementing the present invention. 1 ... standard gas, 2 ... nitrogen gas, 3 ... measured gas,
4 ... hydrogen gas, 5 ... air, 10A, 10B ... hydrogen flame ionization detector, 11 ... amplifier, 12 ... display, 13 ... recorder.
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 出口 明 北海道札幌市豊平区月寒東２条17丁目２ 番１号 工業技術院北海道工業開発試験 所内 (72)発明者 鈴木 智 北海道札幌市豊平区月寒東２条17丁目２ 番１号 工業技術院北海道工業開発試験 所内 (72)発明者 田中 重信 北海道札幌市豊平区月寒東２条17丁目２ 番１号 工業技術院北海道工業開発試験 所内 (72)発明者 横田 祐司 北海道札幌市豊平区月寒東２条17丁目２ 番１号 工業技術院北海道工業開発試験 所内 (56)参考文献 特開 昭47−18397（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 昭54−134480（ＪＰ，Ａ) ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Exit Akira 2-17-1, Tsukikan East, Toyohei-ku, Toyohira-ku, Sapporo-shi Higashi 2-Jo 17-2-1, Hokkaido Institute of Industrial Technology, Hokkaido Industrial Development Laboratory (72) Inventor Shigenobu Tanaka, Hokkaido Industrial Development Laboratory, 2-2-1-17 Tsukikan Higashikan, Toyohira-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan (72) Inventor Yuji Yokota 2-17-17-2 Tsukikanto, Toyohira-ku, Sapporo-city, Hokkaido Inside the Industrial Research Institute, Hokkaido Industrial Development Institute (56) References JP-A-47-18397 (JP, A) JP-A-54-134480 ( JP, A)
Claims (2)
機ガスで希釈して水素炎イオン化検出器に導入し、ここ
で発生するイオン電流又はその増幅電流を測定し、この
測定値を該有機ガスの発熱量に変換することを特徴とす
る有機ガスの発熱量連続測定方法。An organic gas is introduced into a flame ionization detector directly or diluted with a nonflammable inorganic gas at a very small flow rate, and the ion current generated here or its amplified current is measured. A method for continuously measuring the calorific value of an organic gas, comprising converting the calorific value into a calorific value of a gas.
た有機ガスの微量流量調整装置と、該微量調整装置に接
続する水素炎イオン化検出器と、該水素炎イオン化検出
器で発生するイオン電流を該有機ガスの発熱量値に変換
表示する変換表示器を備えたことを特徴とする有機ガス
の発熱量連続測定装置。2. An apparatus for adjusting a flow rate of a trace amount of an organic gas diluted with an organic gas or a nonflammable inorganic gas, a flame ionization detector connected to the trace amount adjustment apparatus, and an ion current generated by the flame ionization detector A continuous display for converting the calorific value of the organic gas into a calorific value of the organic gas.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63103394A JP2600077B2 (en) | 1988-04-25 | 1988-04-25 | Method and apparatus for continuous measurement of calorific value of organic gas |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63103394A JP2600077B2 (en) | 1988-04-25 | 1988-04-25 | Method and apparatus for continuous measurement of calorific value of organic gas |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH01272951A JPH01272951A (en) | 1989-10-31 |
| JP2600077B2 true JP2600077B2 (en) | 1997-04-16 |
Family
ID=14352847
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63103394A Expired - Lifetime JP2600077B2 (en) | 1988-04-25 | 1988-04-25 | Method and apparatus for continuous measurement of calorific value of organic gas |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2600077B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5074987A (en) * | 1990-01-24 | 1991-12-24 | Elsag International B.V. | Online energy flow measuring device and method for natural gas |
| JP5770622B2 (en) * | 2011-12-28 | 2015-08-26 | 大阪瓦斯株式会社 | Fuel cell system |
| JP6100469B2 (en) * | 2012-03-21 | 2017-03-22 | 大阪瓦斯株式会社 | Fuel cell system |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS6019453B2 (en) * | 1978-04-10 | 1985-05-16 | 大阪瓦斯株式会社 | Calorific value measurement method and device |
-
1988
- 1988-04-25 JP JP63103394A patent/JP2600077B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH01272951A (en) | 1989-10-31 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Huggett | Estimation of rate of heat release by means of oxygen consumption measurements | |
| US6490908B2 (en) | Method and device for determining the gas properties of a combustible gas | |
| US5935519A (en) | Apparatus for the detection of sulfur | |
| US11474092B2 (en) | Method for determining properties of a hydrocarbon-containing gas mixture and device for the same | |
| US4283256A (en) | Method and apparatus for measuring the strength of the air/fuel mixture supplied e.g. to an I.C. engine | |
| Ivanov et al. | Expanding catalytic sensor capabilities to combustible gas mixtures monitoring | |
| US4201550A (en) | Process and apparatus for the determination of the total organic substance content of gases by a flame ionization detector | |
| RU2125262C1 (en) | Method determining calorific power of combustible gas and device for its realization | |
| WO2007001384A9 (en) | Flammability tester | |
| US6464391B2 (en) | Heat release rate calorimeter for milligram samples | |
| US5224776A (en) | Instrument and method for heating value measurement by stoichiometric combustion | |
| JP2600077B2 (en) | Method and apparatus for continuous measurement of calorific value of organic gas | |
| GB2099589A (en) | A meter for monitoring the heating value of fuel gases | |
| Kuchkarov et al. | Investigation of particular parameters of a semiconductor ammonia gas analyzer | |
| US20090277089A1 (en) | Method and apparatus for controlling gasifier efficiency | |
| EP1061365A1 (en) | Procedure and device for performing simultaneous gas chromatographic analysis of different components | |
| US3480397A (en) | Gas analysis method for determining the oxygen content of a gas containing carbon dioxide | |
| McWilliam | The comparison of detectors for gas chromatography | |
| US3738808A (en) | Octane monitoring | |
| CN110376324A (en) | Utilize the method and gas chromatograph of flame ionization ditector measurement oxygen concentration | |
| US4761744A (en) | Method and device for determining heats of combustion of gaseous hydrocarbons | |
| US20190257808A1 (en) | Chemo-Metrical Prediction of Methane Index for the Natural Gas | |
| US11579103B2 (en) | Generating and determining the products of premixed combustion of solid materials in a microscale fire calorimeter | |
| CN114509398B (en) | Energy meter based on natural gas thermophysical property-calorific value model | |
| Rose Jr et al. | Air pollution effects of incinerator firing practices and combustion air distribution |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EXPY | Cancellation because of completion of term |