JP2024060113A - Animal repelling composition and animal repelling method - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide an animal repelling composition that enables the user to easily determine the loss of repellent effect over time through visual inspection, and an animal repelling method using the animal repelling composition.SOLUTION: Provided is an animal repelling composition containing at least one animal repellant, selected from specific thiazoline compounds, and a crosslink-type polymer. The animal repelling composition is cured to give a cured product whose haze is 5 or less as prescribed by JIS K7136 and whose haze increases to more than 5 after being left still for 24 hours in an environment at 25°C and 50 kPa.SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

The present invention relates to an animal repellent composition and an animal repellent method.

Wild animals have long been known to cause significant damage to various industries. Among wild animals, rats continue to cause serious damage to agriculture, forestry, and livestock farming by feeding on vegetables, soybeans, rice, and other crops, feeding on grain warehouses, feeding on young trees and bark, and transmitting infectious diseases. For example, epidemiological research by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries has shown that rats are involved in the transmission of viruses between farms or from wild animals as a factor in the outbreak of hog cholera, and preventive measures against the spread of hog cholera have become an urgent issue.

Animals have a special olfactory system that receives odors from targets that have been recognized as dangerous to a species during the course of evolution (e.g., predators for small animals and herbivores). The thiazoline compounds are odor molecules that are received by this special olfactory system, and they have an extremely strong repellent effect on small animals such as mice, moles, rabbits, and deer, as well as herbivores, and have the excellent property of not causing habituation even when exposed to the compound repeatedly (see, for example, Patent Document 1). Therefore, the thiazoline compounds are highly anticipated as a powerful and new repellent that overcomes the problem of habituation that has been an issue with conventional repellents.

International Publication No. 2011/096575

As described above, thiazoline compounds have the excellent property of not causing habituation at all, and when combined with sustained release technology, they can become repellents that are capable of exerting their effects over a long period of time.
On the other hand, animal repellents lose their repellent effect after a certain period of use, so they need to be replaced periodically. It is difficult for users to determine the loss of repellent effect from the appearance of the repellent, so animal repellents are usually replaced based on the duration of the repellent effect or expiration date printed on the product, recurrence of pest damage, etc. However, the duration of the repellent effect can be shortened depending on the usage environment and usage of the product, so there is a demand for a means to visually confirm the loss of the repellent effect.

Therefore, when using an animal repellent over a long period of time, it is desirable for the user to be able to easily determine from the appearance whether the repellent effect has disappeared over time.

The present invention aims to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art and to achieve the following objectives. That is, the present invention aims to provide an animal repellent composition that allows a user to easily determine from the appearance whether the repellent effect has disappeared over time, and an animal repellent method that uses the animal repellent composition.

ただし、前記一般式（Ｉ）から（ＶＩ）中、Ｒ_１、Ｒ_２、及びＲ_３はそれぞれ独立して水素原子、ハロゲン原子、炭素数１～６のアルキル基、又は炭素数１～５のアルキルチオ基を示す。
＜２＞ 前記硬化物が、動物忌避剤の含有量が異なる少なくとも２つの領域を有する、前記＜１＞に記載の動物忌避組成物である。
＜３＞ 前記硬化物における高さ方向の下部に向かって、動物忌避剤の含有量が増加する少なくとも２つの領域を有する、前記＜２＞に記載の動物忌避組成物である。
＜４＞ 少なくとも２つの前記領域における前記架橋型ポリマーの組成が異なる、前記＜２＞から＜３＞のいずれかに記載の動物忌避組成物である。
＜５＞ 前記一般式（Ｉ）で示される化合物が、２－メチルチアゾール、２－エチルチアゾール、２－ブロモチアゾール、４－メチルチアゾール、及び２，４－ジメチルチアゾールから選択されるいずれかの化合物であり、
前記一般式（ＩＩ）又は（ＩＩＩ）で示される化合物が、２－メチル－２－チアゾリン、２－メチルチオ－２－チアゾリン、４－メチル－２－チアゾリン、２，４－ジメチル－２－チアゾリン、及び２，２－ジメチルチアゾリジンから選択されるいずれかの化合物であり、
前記一般式（ＩＶ）で示される化合物が、チオモルホリンであり、
前記一般式（Ｖ）で示される化合物が、２，５－ジメチル－２－チアゾリン及び５－メチル－２－チアゾリンから選択されるいずれかの化合物である、前記＜１＞から＜４＞のいずれかに記載の動物忌避組成物である。
＜６＞ 前記架橋型ポリマーが、（メタ）アクリル系重合体、ポリエーテル、ポリエステル、ポリオレフィン、ポリサルファイト、シロキサン架橋型有機重合体、フッ素含有重合体、ゴム系重合体、及びエポキシ樹脂から選択される少なくとも１種である、前記＜１＞から＜５＞のいずれかに記載の動物忌避組成物である。
＜７＞ 前記架橋型ポリマーが２５℃で液体である、前記＜１＞から＜６＞のいずれかに記載の動物忌避組成物である。
＜８＞ 前記＜１＞から＜７＞のいずれかに記載の動物忌避組成物を、動物を忌避させる空間に配置する工程を含むことを特徴とする動物の忌避方法である。 The means for solving the above problems are as follows.
<1> An animal repellent composition comprising at least one animal repellent selected from the compounds represented by the following general formulas (I) to (VI) and a crosslinked polymer, wherein the haze of a cured product obtained by curing the composition is 5 or less as specified in JIS K7136, and the haze of the cured product after standing at 25°C under a reduced pressure of 50 kPa for 24 hours is more than 5:

In the above general formulas (I) to (VI), R ₁ , R ₂ , and R ₃ each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or an alkylthio group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
<2> The animal repellent composition according to <1>, wherein the cured product has at least two regions having different animal repellent contents.
<3> The animal repellent composition according to <2>, wherein the cured product has at least two regions in which the content of the animal repellent increases downward in the height direction.
<4> The animal repellent composition according to any one of <2> and <3>, wherein the crosslinked polymer in at least two of the regions has a different composition.
<5> The compound represented by the general formula (I) is any compound selected from 2-methylthiazole, 2-ethylthiazole, 2-bromothiazole, 4-methylthiazole, and 2,4-dimethylthiazole,
the compound represented by the general formula (II) or (III) is any compound selected from 2-methyl-2-thiazoline, 2-methylthio-2-thiazoline, 4-methyl-2-thiazoline, 2,4-dimethyl-2-thiazoline, and 2,2-dimethylthiazolidine;
The compound represented by the general formula (IV) is thiomorpholine,
The animal repellent composition according to any one of <1> to <4>, wherein the compound represented by general formula (V) is any compound selected from 2,5-dimethyl-2-thiazoline and 5-methyl-2-thiazoline.
<6> The animal repellent composition according to any one of <1> to <5>, wherein the crosslinked polymer is at least one selected from the group consisting of (meth)acrylic polymers, polyethers, polyesters, polyolefins, polysulfites, siloxane-crosslinked organic polymers, fluorine-containing polymers, rubber polymers, and epoxy resins.
<7> The animal repellent composition according to any one of <1> to <6>, wherein the crosslinked polymer is liquid at 25°C.
<8> A method for repelling animals, comprising a step of placing the animal repellent composition according to any one of <1> to <7> in a space in which animals are to be repelled.

According to the present invention, the above-mentioned problems in the prior art can be solved and the above-mentioned objects can be achieved,
It is possible to provide an animal repellent composition that allows a user to easily determine from the appearance whether the repellent effect has disappeared over time, and an animal repellent method that uses the animal repellent composition.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a cured product obtained by curing an animal repellent composition having a low concentration region of an animal repellent and a high concentration region of an animal repellent. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a cured product obtained by curing an animal repellent composition having a low concentration region of the animal repellent, a medium concentration region of the animal repellent, and a high concentration region of the animal repellent. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing an example of an animal repellent device containing a cured product of the animal repellent composition of the present invention.

(Animal repellent composition)
The animal repellent composition of the present invention contains an animal repellent and a crosslinked polymer, and further contains other components as required.

In the present invention, the haze of the cured product obtained by curing the animal repellent composition (haze before being allowed to stand for 24 hours at 25°C under a reduced pressure of 50 kPa) as defined by JIS K7136 is 5 or less, preferably 3 or less, more preferably 1 or less, and even more preferably 0.5 or less.
Furthermore, the haze of the cured product after standing at 25° C. under a reduced pressure of 50 kPa for 24 hours is more than 5, preferably 8 or more, more preferably 10 or more, even more preferably 12 or more, and particularly preferably 15 or more.
The haze (haze before standing for 24 hours at 25°C under a reduced pressure of 50 kPa) of the cured product obtained by curing the animal repellent composition is 5 or less as specified in JIS K7136, and the haze of the cured product after standing for 24 hours at 25°C under a reduced pressure of 50 kPa is more than 5. As the animal repellent is dispersed from the cured product over time, the parts of the cured product where the animal repellent has disappeared become cloudy, making it easy for the user to determine from the appearance that the repellent effect has disappeared over time.
If the haze of the cured product after standing for 24 hours at 25°C under a reduced pressure of 50 kPa is 5 or less, it is indistinguishable in appearance from the cured product before standing for 24 hours at 5°C under a reduced pressure of 50 kPa, and the user cannot determine from the appearance that the repellent effect has disappeared over time.
Here, the haze is also referred to as "haze,""cloudiness," or "turbidity," and can be measured, based on the provisions of JIS K7136, using a haze meter HZ-0 (D65 light source, manufactured by Suga Test Instruments Co., Ltd.) before and after leaving a 2 mm-thick cured product at 25°C and a reduced pressure of 50 kPa for 24 hours.
Incidentally, leaving the sample standing at 25° C. under a reduced pressure of 50 kPa for 24 hours corresponds to leaving the sample standing at 25° C. under normal pressure for approximately 180 days.

In one aspect of the present invention, the cured product obtained by curing the animal repellent composition has at least two regions with different animal repellent contents, thereby making it possible to produce a cured product with a concentration gradient of the animal repellent, thereby improving the durability of the animal repellent.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the animal repellent composition has at least two regions in which the content of the animal repellent increases toward the bottom in the height direction of the cured product obtained by curing the animal repellent composition. By forming a cured product having a concentration gradient of the animal repellent toward the bottom in the height direction, the animal repellent can be diffused over a long period of time, thereby increasing the durability of the animal repellent.

Here, Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a cured product 100 obtained by curing an animal repellent composition having a low concentration region 20 of the animal repellent and a high concentration region 40 of the animal repellent. Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a cured product 101 obtained by curing an animal repellent composition having a low concentration region 20 of the animal repellent, a medium concentration region 30 of the animal repellent, and a high concentration region 40 of the animal repellent.
As shown in Figures 1 and 2, by providing a concentration gradient of the animal repellent toward the lower part in the height direction of the cured product 100 obtained by curing the animal repellent composition, even if the animal repellent in the low concentration region 20 and medium concentration region 30 at the upper part in the height direction decomposes and becomes inactive over time, even if all of the animal repellent in the low concentration region 20 and medium concentration region 30 dissipates or volatilizes, a constant repellent concentration can be secured because of the presence of the high concentration region 40 below, and the durability of the animal repellent can be increased.

In one aspect of the present invention, it is preferable that the composition of the crosslinked polymer in at least two of the regions is different. By having at least two regions with different compositions (type, content) of the crosslinked polymer, the crosslink density of the cured product can be changed, and therefore the durability of the animal repellent can be improved. In other words, a cured product obtained by curing an animal repellent composition having rubber elasticity has an appropriately low crosslink density and a low barrier property to fat-soluble gases, so that the animal repellent embedded in the cured product can be gradually stabilized and dissipated into the air.

The animal repellent composition allows the animal repellent to be released over a long period of time.

In this specification, "sustained release" refers to the gradual release of a substance into a space. In this specification, it particularly refers to the gradual dispersal of an odorant into the air. Specifically, it refers to the natural dispersal of an odorant into the air at a rate slower than the rate at which the odorant disperses under normal conditions. For example, it refers to dispersal into the air at a slower rate than an undiluted odorant or an odorant diluted with a commonly used solvent. When a repellent odorant is slowly released, the odor molecules are present in the surrounding space for a long period of time, which may repel animals from that space.

In this specification, "long-term" in "long-term sustained release" means a period longer than the period during which an odorant continues to dissipate under normal conditions. Specifically, it means a period longer than the period during which an undiluted odorant or an odorant diluted in a commonly used solvent continues to dissipate under the same conditions. The specific period varies depending on the type of odorant, but examples of the period include 1 hour or more, 2 hours or more, 3 hours or more, 6 hours or more, half a day or more, 1 day or more, 2 days or more, 3 days or more, 1 week or more, 2 weeks or more, 1 month or more, 2 months or more, 3 months or more, 4 months or more, 5 months or more, 6 months or more, 1 year or more, 2 years or more, 3 years or more, 5 years or more, or 10 years or more.

<Animal repellent>
In the present specification, the type of "animal" to which the "animal repellent" can be applied is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected depending on the purpose, and examples thereof include all harmful animals that cause damage to agricultural crops, forests, livestock, or human homes. Examples of the animals include mice, moles, rabbits, weasels, deer, wild boars, monkeys, cats, bears, etc.

In the present specification, the term "mouse" is not particularly limited as long as it is an animal belonging to the order Rodentia. The order Rodentia includes the suborder Hystricoidea, the suborder Muridae, and the suborder Sciuridae. Examples of the "mouse" include the brown rat, brown rat, house mouse, Japanese field mouse, field vole, bamboo rat, squirrel, porcupine, degu, and nutria.
In the present specification, the term "deer" refers to an animal belonging to the Cervidae family. Examples of the "deer" include Sika deer such as Yezo deer, Honshu deer, Kyushu deer, and Yakushi deer, and Muntjac deer.

The animal repellent contains a thiazoline compound as an active ingredient. In this specification, "thiazoline compound" means a compound having a thiazoline ring or a thiazolidine ring, or a compound having a thiomorpholine ring. The thiazoline compound is preferably, but not limited to, a compound that is volatile and can be perceived by an animal's sense of smell, and as a result, can induce a repellent behavior in the animal. The thiazoline compound has an effect that mimics the substances contained in the urine of predators for small animals and herbivores, and therefore has a strong repellent effect on small animals or herbivores such as mice, moles, rabbits, and deer.

The animal repellent contained in the animal repellent composition of the present invention contains at least one active ingredient selected from the heterocyclic compound represented by the following general formula (1), a chain sulfide compound, and an alkyl isothiocyanate. The heterocyclic compound represented by the general formula (1) also includes its salt.

ただし、前記一般式（１）中、環Ａは、窒素原子、硫黄原子及び酸素原子から選択される少なくとも１個のヘテロ原子を含む３～７員の複素環を示し、Ｒ_１及びＲ_２はそれぞれ独立して水素原子、ハロゲン原子、置換されていてもよいアルキル基、置換されていてもよいアルコキシ基、アシル基、エステル化されていてもよいカルボキシル基、置換されていてもよいチオール基、又は置換されていてもよいアミノ基又はオキソ基を示す。

In the general formula (1), ring A represents a 3- to 7-membered heterocycle containing at least one heteroatom selected from a nitrogen atom, a sulfur atom, and an oxygen atom, and R ₁ and R ₂ each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an optionally substituted alkyl group, an optionally substituted alkoxy group, an acyl group, an optionally esterified carboxyl group, an optionally substituted thiol group, or an optionally substituted amino group or oxo group.

Ring A in the above general formula (1) represents a 3- to 7-membered heterocycle containing at least one (preferably 1 to 3, more preferably 1 or 2) heteroatom selected from a nitrogen atom, a sulfur atom, and an oxygen atom. Ring A is preferably a 3- to 7-membered heterocycle containing a nitrogen atom and/or a sulfur atom. Ring A is more preferably a 3- to 7-membered heterocycle containing a nitrogen atom and a sulfur atom. The number of members in ring A is preferably 3 to 6, and more preferably 5 or 6.

The heterocycle is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected depending on the purpose. Examples of the heterocycle include pyrrole, pyridine, pyridazine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, piperazine, pyrrolidine, hexahydropyridazine, imidazole, imidazolidine, piperidine, ethylene sulfide, trimethylene sulfide, thiophene, thiolane, tetrahydro-2H-thiopyran, thiazoline (e.g., 2-thiazoline, 3-thiazoline, 4-thiazoline), thiazole, thiazolidine, isothiazole, isothiazoline, thiomorpholine, thiadiazoline, thiadiazole, thiadiazolidine, 1,3-thiazan, 5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-thiazine, furan, 2H-pyran, 4H-pyran, oxazole, isoxazole, morpholine, and oxazoline. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Among these, thiazoline (e.g., 2-thiazoline), thiazole, thiazolidine, isothiazole, isothiazoline, thiomorpholine, thiadiazoline, thiadiazole, thiadiazolidine, 1,3-thiazane, and 5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-thiazine are preferred, and thiazoline (e.g., 2-thiazoline), thiazole, thiazolidine, 1,3-thiazane, 5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-thiazine, and thiomorpholine are more preferred.

The "halogen atom" includes, for example, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, an iodine atom, etc.

The term "alkyl group" (when used as a group or part of a group) refers to a straight or branched chain alkyl group having the specified number of carbon atoms. As the alkyl group, for example, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms is preferred, and an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms is more preferred. The alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms refers to a straight or branched chain alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
Examples of the alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a butyl group, a 1-methylpropyl group, a 2-methylpropyl group, a tert-butyl group, a pentyl group, a 1-methylbutyl group, a 2-methylbutyl group, a 3-methylbutyl group, a 1,1-dimethylpropyl group, a 2,2-dimethylpropyl group, a 1,2-dimethylpropyl group, a 1-ethylpropyl group, a hexyl group, a 1-methylpentyl group, a 2-methylpentyl group, a 3-methylpentyl group, a 4-methylpentyl group, a 1,1-dimethylbutyl group, a 2,2-dimethylbutyl group, a 3,3-dimethylbutyl group, a 1,2-dimethylbutyl group, a 1,3-dimethylbutyl group, a 2,3-dimethylbutyl group, a 1-ethylbutyl group, a 2-ethylbutyl group, and a 1-ethyl-2-methylpropyl group. Among these, linear or branched alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms are preferred, with methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl and isobutyl groups being more preferred, and methyl being particularly preferred.

The alkyl group may be substituted, and examples of the substituent include a halogeno group. Examples of the halogeno group include a fluoro group, a chloro group, and a bromo group. The haloalkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms means an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms substituted with 1 to 5 halogeno groups, and when there are two or more halogeno groups, the types of the respective halogeno groups may be the same or different.
Examples of the haloalkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms include a fluoromethyl group, a difluoromethyl group, a trifluoromethyl group, a chlorodifluoromethyl group, a 1-fluoroethyl group, a 2-fluoroethyl group, a 2-chloroethyl group, a 2-bromoethyl group, a 1,1-difluoroethyl group, a 1,2-difluoroethyl group, a 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl group, a 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl group, a 1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl group, a 1-fluoropropyl group, a 1,1-difluoropropyl group, a 2,2-difluoropropyl group, a 3-fluoropropyl group, a 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl group, a 4-fluorobutyl group, a 4,4,4-trifluorobutyl group, a 5-fluoropentyl group, a 5,5,5-trifluoropentyl group, a 6-fluorohexyl group, and a 6,6,6-trifluorohexyl group.

The term "alkoxy group" (when used as a group or part of a group) refers to an -O(alkyl) group having the specified number of carbon atoms. Examples of the alkoxy group include alkoxy groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
Examples of the alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group, an isopropoxy group, a butoxy group, a 1-methylpropoxy group, a 2-methylpropoxy group, a tert-butoxy group, a pentyloxy group, a 1-methylbutoxy group, a 2-methylbutoxy group, a 3-methylbutoxy group, a 1,1-dimethylpropoxy group, a 2,2-dimethylpropoxy group, a 1,2-dimethylpropoxy group, a 1-ethylpropoxy group, a hexyloxy group, a 2,2-dimethylpropoxy group, a 2,2-dimethylpropoxy group, a 1-ethylpropoxy group, a 2,2-dimethylpropoxy group, a 2,2-dimethylpropoxy group, a 2,2-dimethylpropoxy group, a 2,2-dimethylpropoxy group, a 2,2-dimethylpropoxy group, a 2,2-dimethylpropoxy group, a 2,2-dimethylpropoxy group, a 2,2-ethyl ... Examples of the alkyl group include a siloxy group, a 1-methylpentyloxy group, a 2-methylpentyloxy group, a 3-methylpentyloxy group, a 4-methylpentyloxy group, a 1,1-dimethylbutoxy group, a 2,2-dimethylbutoxy group, a 3,3-dimethylbutoxy group, a 1,2-dimethylbutoxy group, a 1,3-dimethylbutoxy group, a 2,3-dimethylbutoxy group, a 1-ethylbutoxy group, a 2-ethylbutoxy group, and a 1-ethyl-2-methylpropoxy group.

The alkoxy group may be substituted, and examples of the substituent include a halogeno group. Examples of the halogeno group include the same groups as the substituents of the alkyl group. A haloalkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms means an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms substituted with 1 to 5 halogeno groups, and when there are two or more halogeno groups, the types of the respective halogeno groups may be the same or different.
Examples of the haloalkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms include a fluoromethoxy group, a difluoromethoxy group, a trifluoromethoxy group, a 1-fluoroethoxy group, a 2-fluoroethoxy group, a 2-chloroethoxy group, a 2-bromoethoxy group, a 1,1-difluoroethoxy group, a 1,2-difluoroethoxy group, a 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy group, a 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy group, a 1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethoxy group, a 1-fluoroprop ... Examples of such groups include a fluorooxy group, a 1,1-difluoropropoxy group, a 2,2-difluoropropoxy group, a 3-fluoropropoxy group, a 3,3,3-trifluoropropoxy group, a 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropoxy group, a 4-fluorobutoxy group, a 4,4,4-trifluorobutoxy group, a 5-fluoropentyloxy group, a 5,5,5-trifluoropentyloxy group, a 6-fluorohexyloxy group, and a 6,6,6-trifluorohexyloxy group.

The "acyl group" includes, for example, a formyl group, an alkyl-carbonyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, etc. The alkyl-carbonyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms includes, for example, an acetyl group, a propionyl group, a butyryl group, an isobutyryl group, a valeryl group, a hexanoyl group, etc.

The term "carboxyl group" (when used as a group or part of a group) refers to a -COOH group. The carboxyl group may be esterified. Specific examples of carboxyl groups that may be esterified include carboxyl groups and alkoxycarbonyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. The alkoxy portion having 1 to 6 carbon atoms in the alkoxycarbonyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms is synonymous with the alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms in an alkoxy group that may be substituted.

The term "thiol group" (when used as a group or part of a group) refers to an -SH group. The thiol group may be substituted, and examples of the substituent include an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and the alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms has the same meaning as the alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms in the optionally substituted alkyl group. Specific examples of the optionally substituted thiol group include a thiol group and an alkylthio group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Examples of the alkylthio group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms include a methylthio group, an ethylthio group, a propylthio group, and a butylthio group.

The term "amino group" (when used as a group or a part of a group) refers to an _-NH2 group. The amino group may be substituted with one or two substituents, and examples of the substituents include an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, _-COR5 (wherein _R5 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms), and the alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms has the same meaning as the alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms in the optionally substituted alkyl group. Specific examples of the optionally substituted amino group include an amino group, an alkylamino group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a di( _alkyl )amino group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, _-NR4COR5 (wherein _R4 and _R5 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms), and the like. Examples of the alkylamino group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms include a methylamino group, an ethylamino group, and a 1-methylethylamino group. Examples of the di(alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms)amino group include a dimethylamino group, an N-ethyl-N-methylamino group, and a bis(1-methylethyl)amino group.

The term "oxo" (when used as a group or part of a group) refers to the =O group.

Suitable heterocyclic compounds for use as the active ingredient of the animal repellent contained in the animal repellent composition of the present invention include, for example, thiazole, 2-methylthiazole, 2-ethylthiazole, 2-bromothiazole, 4-methylthiazole, 2-formylthiazole, 2-aminothiazole, 5-methylthiazole, 2,4-dimethylthiazole, 4,5-dimethylthiazole, 2-thiazoline, 2-methyl-2-thiazoline, 2-ethyl-2-thiazoline, 2-bromo-2-thiazoline, 2,4-dimethyl-2-thiazoline, 4-methyl-2-thiazoline, 2-methylthio-2-thiazoline, 2-methyl-4-ethyl-2-thiazoline, 2-amino-2-thiazoline, 5-methyl-2-thiazoline, 4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazoline, 2,5-dimethyl-2-thiazoline, 2-mercapto-2-thiazoline, 2-propyl-2-thiazoline, phosphorus, 2-(1-methylethyl)-2-thiazoline, 2-(1-methylpropyl)-2-thiazoline, thiazolidine, 2-methylthiazolidine, 4-methylthiazolidine, 5-methylthiazolidine, 2,4-dimethylthiazolidine, 2,2-dimethylthiazolidine, 2,5-dimethylthiazolidine, 4,5-dimethylthiazolidine, 2,4,5-trimethylthiazolidine, 1,3-thiazan, 5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-thiazine, 2-methyl-2-oxazoline, 2-ethyl-2-oxazoline, 2-isopropyl-2-oxazoline, 2-propyl-2-oxazoline, 2,4,4-trimethyl-2-oxazoline, 4,4-dimethyl-2-oxazoline, oxazole, thiophene, thiolane (tetrahydrothiophene), imidazole, thiomorpholine, morpholine, isobutylene sulfide, etc.

The thiazoline compounds used as the active ingredient of the animal repellent include compounds selected from the compounds represented by the following general formulas (I) to (VIII). Among these, compounds selected from the compounds represented by the following general formulas (I) to (VI) are preferred. The compounds represented by the general formulas (I) to (VIII) also include their salts.

In the general formulae (I) to (VIII), R ₁ , R ₂ and R ₃ each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a haloalkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a haloalkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a formyl group, an alkyl-carbonyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a carboxyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a thiol group, an alkylthio group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an amino group, an alkylamino group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a di(alkyl)amino group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, -NR ₄ COR ₅ or an oxo group.
_R4 and _R5 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, provided that _R1 and _R2 in the above general formula (I) are not oxo groups, _R1 in the above general formulas (II), (VII) and (V) is not oxo groups, and _R1 and _R3 together in the above general formula (III) may form an oxo group.

Further preferred examples of the compounds represented by the above general formulas (I) to (VIII) include compounds in which R ₁ , R ₂ and R ₃ each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or an alkylthio group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or a salt thereof.
Other preferred embodiments of the heterocyclic compound include, among the heterocyclic compounds represented by the above general formulae (I) to (VIII), thiazole, thiazoline, thiazolidine, thiophene, thiomorpholine, etc., substituted at the 2- and/or 4-position, or the 2- and/or 5-position. Such heterocyclic compounds include substances generally known as reagents, and commercially available products can be used, or they can be obtained by known methods.

Preferred examples of the compound represented by the above general formula (I), (II), (III), (VII), or (VIII) include compounds or salts thereof in which R ₁ , R ₂ , and R ₃ each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a haloalkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a haloalkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a formyl group, an alkyl-carbonyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a carboxyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a thiol group, an alkylthio group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an amino group, an alkylamino group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a di(alkyl)amino group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, -NR ₄ COR ₅ , or an oxo group, and R ₄ and R ₅ each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. However, in the above general formula (I), _R1 and _R2 are not oxo groups, in the above general formula (II) and the above general formula (VII), _R1 is not an oxo group, and in the above general formula (III), _R1 and _R3 may together form an oxo group.

Further preferred examples of the compound represented by the above general formula (I), (II), (III), (VII), or (VIII) include compounds in which R ₁ , R ₂ , and R ₃ each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or an alkylthio group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or a salt thereof.
Particularly preferred examples of the compounds represented by the above general formulas (I) to (III) include compounds in which R ₁ , R ₂ and R ₃ each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or an alkylthio group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or a salt thereof.
In the above general formulas (I) to (III), a compound or a salt thereof in which R ₁ represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom (e.g., a bromine atom), an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms (e.g., a methyl group, an ethyl group) or an alkylthio group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms (e.g., a methylthio group), R ₂ represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms (e.g., a methyl group), and R ₃ represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms (e.g., a methyl group) is more preferable.
In the above general formulas (I) to (III), compounds in which R ₁ , R ₂ and R ₃ each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms (eg, a methyl group, an ethyl group) or a salt thereof are more preferred.

Other preferred embodiments of the heterocyclic compound used as an active ingredient of the animal repellent contained in the animal repellent composition of the present invention include compounds or salts thereof represented by the above general formula (I) or (II), in which R ₁ and R ₂ are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a formyl group, an alkyl-carbonyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a carboxyl group, an amino group, a thiol group, a haloalkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkylamino group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a di(alkyl)amino group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkylthio group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or -NR ₄ COR _5. In addition, in the compound represented by the above general formula (II), R ₂ may represent an oxo group, and when either R ₁ or R ₂ is a hydrogen atom, the other is not a hydrogen atom, and R ₄ and R ₅ are each independently a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or salts thereof.

Another preferred embodiment of the heterocyclic compound used as an active ingredient of the animal repellent contained in the animal repellent composition of the present invention is a compound or a salt thereof represented by the above general formulae (I) to (VI), in which R ₁ represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom (e.g., a bromine atom), an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms (e.g., a methyl group, an ethyl group), or an alkylthio group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms (e.g., a methylthio group), R ₂ represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms (e.g., a methyl group), and R ₃ represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms (e.g., a methyl group).
In the above general formulas (I) to (VI), compounds or salts thereof in which R ₁ , R ₂ and R ₃ are each independently a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms (eg, a methyl group, an ethyl group) are more preferred.

Another preferred embodiment of the heterocyclic compound used as an active ingredient of the animal repellent contained in the animal repellent composition of the present invention includes a compound or a salt thereof represented by the above general formula (I) or (II), in which R ₁ and R ₂ each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms (e.g., a methyl group, an ethyl group), and when either R ₁ or R ₂ is a hydrogen atom, the other is not a hydrogen atom.

Another preferred embodiment of the heterocyclic compound used as an active ingredient of the animal repellent contained in the animal repellent composition of the present invention is a compound or a salt thereof represented by the above general formula (III), in which R ₁ , R ₂ and R ₃ each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms (e.g., a methyl group).
Another preferred embodiment of the heterocyclic compound used as an active ingredient of the animal repellent contained in the animal repellent composition of the present invention is a compound or a salt thereof represented by the above general formula (V), in which R ₁ and R ₂ each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms (e.g., a methyl group).
In the above general formula (V), when either R ₁ or R ₂ is a hydrogen atom, the other is not a hydrogen atom, or a salt thereof.

Another preferred embodiment of the heterocyclic compound used as an active ingredient of the animal repellent contained in the animal repellent composition of the present invention is a compound or a salt thereof represented by the above general formula (VI), in which R ₁ and R ₂ each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms (e.g., a methyl group).

Suitable examples of compounds represented by the above general formula (I) include 2-methylthiazole, 2-ethylthiazole, 2-bromothiazole, 4-methylthiazole, and 2,4-dimethylthiazole.

Suitable examples of compounds represented by the above general formula (II) include 2-methyl-2-thiazoline, 2-methylthio-2-thiazoline, 4-methyl-2-thiazoline, and 2,4-dimethyl-2-thiazoline.

Suitable examples of compounds represented by the above general formula (III) include thiazolidine, 2-methylthiazolidine, 2,2-dimethylthiazolidine, 4-methylthiazolidine, and 2,4-dimethylthiazolidine.

A suitable example of the compound represented by the general formula (IV) above is thiomorpholine.

Suitable examples of compounds represented by the above general formula (V) include 2,5-dimethyl-2-thiazoline and 5-methyl-2-thiazoline.

An example of a compound represented by the above general formula (VI) is 5-methylthiazolidine.

Suitable examples of the compound represented by the above general formula (VII) include 5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-thiazine, 2-methyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-thiazine, and 2,4-dimethyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-thiazine.

Suitable examples of the compound represented by the above general formula (VIII) include 1,3-thiazine, 2-methyl-tetrahydro-1,3-thiazine, and 2,4-dimethyl-tetrahydro-1,3-thiazine.

The compound having repellent activity contained in the animal repellent is not limited to the heterocyclic compounds described above, and may be a compound having a chain structure without forming a ring (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as a "chain compound"). The chain compound contains at least one heteroatom selected from a nitrogen atom, a sulfur atom, and an oxygen atom. Examples of the chain compound include a chain sulfide compound or an alkyl isothiocyanate. Examples of the chain sulfide compound include allyl methyl sulfide. Examples of the alkyl isothiocyanate include alkyl isothiocyanates having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, such as ethyl isothiocyanate.

The salts of the compounds constituting the animal repellent include any salts that are pharma- ceutical , agricultural, or industrially acceptable, and examples thereof include alkali metal salts such as sodium salts and potassium salts; alkaline earth metal salts such as magnesium salts and calcium salts; ammonium salts such as dimethylammonium salts and triethylammonium salts; inorganic acid salts such as hydrochlorides, perchlorates, sulfates, and nitrates; and organic acid salts such as acetates and methanesulfonates.
The animal repellent contained in the animal repellent composition of the present invention may additionally contain a further compound having repellent activity in addition to the above. Such additional compounds that may be contained include, but are not limited to, peppermint and camphor, which are conventionally used as rat repellents.

The content of the animal repellent in the animal repellent composition of the present invention may be 1×10 ⁻⁶ % by mass or more, 1×10 ⁻⁵ % by mass or more, 1×10 ⁻⁴ % by mass or more, 1×10 ⁻³ % by mass or more, 0.01% by mass or more, 0.1% by mass or more, 1% by mass or more, 5% by mass or more, 10% by mass or more, 20% by mass or more, or 50% by mass or more, and/or 50% by mass or less, 20% by mass or less, 10% by mass or less, 5% by mass or less, 1% by mass or less, 0.1% by mass or less, 0.01% by mass or less, 1×10 ⁻³ % by mass or less, 1×10 ⁻⁴ % by mass or less, 1×10 ⁻⁵ % by mass or less, or 1×10 ⁻⁶ % by mass or less.

<Crosslinked polymer>
The crosslinked polymer is not particularly limited as long as it is a polymer capable of undergoing a crosslinking reaction, and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose, and examples thereof include (meth)acrylic polymers, polyethers, polyesters, polyolefins, polysulfites, siloxane crosslinked organic polymers, fluorine-containing polymers, rubber polymers, epoxy resins, etc. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Among these, siloxane crosslinked organic polymers are preferred from the viewpoints of flexibility, durability, moisture barrier properties, and repellent component dissipation properties of the cured product.
The crosslinked polymer is preferably a liquid at 25° C. from the viewpoint of ease of handling.

<<Siloxane-crosslinked organic polymer>>
The siloxane-crosslinked organic polymer is a polymer in which at least two of an oxyalkylene polymer and a (meth)acrylic polymer are crosslinked with a siloxane bond.

--When the oxyalkylene polymer is crosslinked with a siloxane bond--
When the oxyalkylene polymer of the siloxane-crosslinked organic polymer is crosslinked by a siloxane bond, the siloxane-crosslinked organic polymer may be crosslinked with at least two types of oxyalkylene polymers (hereinafter referred to as a "first oxyalkylene polymer" and a "second oxyalkylene polymer").

In the following description, the term "active hydrogen group" refers to the position of the siloxane bond in the oxyalkylene polymer that constitutes the siloxane-crosslinked organic polymer.

The first oxyalkylene polymer may be an oxyalkylene polymer having at least two active hydrogen groups, and the second oxyalkylene polymer may be an oxyalkylene polymer having one active hydrogen group.

The number average molecular weight of the first oxyalkylene polymer is preferably 4,000 or more per active hydrogen group. If it is lower than 4,000, the elongation of the cured product of the hydrolyzable silicon group-containing oxyalkylene polymer may be low. The number average molecular weight is preferably 5,000 or more, more preferably 7,000 or more.

On the other hand, the number average molecular weight of the second oxyalkylene polymer is preferably 0.6 times or less the GPC (gel permeation chromatography) peak top molecular weight of the first oxyalkylene polymer, and if it is more than 0.6 times, there is a problem that the viscosity reducing effect is small. The peak top molecular weight is more preferably 0.5 times or less, and particularly preferably 0.4 times or less. On the other hand, if the number average molecular weight of the second oxyalkylene polymer is too low, a large amount of silicon compound is required when converting active hydrogen groups to hydrolyzable silicon groups, which leads to increased costs, so that the number average molecular weight of the second oxyalkylene polymer is realistically preferably 2,000 or more.

The first and/or second oxyalkylene polymer preferably has an oxyalkylene group, which is a constituent unit of the polyoxyalkylene structure, having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. In terms of compatibility with other resins, fast curing properties, and transparency, it is particularly preferable to use an oxyalkylene polymer in which the constituent unit of the polyoxyalkylene structure is an oxypropylene group, as the first and/or second oxyalkylene polymer.

The first and/or second oxyalkylene polymer preferably has a number average molecular weight of 1,000 or more and 30,000 or less, more preferably 5,000 or more and 20,000 or less.

In addition, the viscosity of the second oxyalkylene polymer is preferably 3/4 or less of the viscosity of the polymer in which the first and second oxyalkylene polymers coexist. If the viscosity of the second oxyalkylene polymer is more than 3/4 of the viscosity of the polymer in which the first and second oxyalkylene polymers coexist, the viscosity reducing effect is considered to be small.

The second oxyalkylene polymer is preferably present in an amount of 300 parts by mass or less, more preferably 200 parts by mass or less, and particularly preferably 100 parts by mass or less, per 100 parts by mass of the first oxyalkylene polymer. However, if the amount is too small, the expected viscosity reducing effect cannot be obtained, so that the amount is preferably 3 parts by mass or more, more preferably 5 parts by mass or more, particularly preferably 10 parts by mass or more, and most preferably 20 parts by mass or more.
If the amount of the second oxyalkylene polymer is more than 300 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the first oxyalkylene polymer, the curability of the final hydrolyzable silicon group-containing oxyalkylene polymer will be significantly deteriorated, and in some cases, there is a risk that the polymer will not cure at all.

In one embodiment, the oxyalkylene group, which is a constituent unit of the polyoxyalkylene structure of the oxyalkylene polymer, is an oxyalkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and the number average molecular weight of the oxyalkylene polymer may be 1,000 to 30,000.

As the oxyalkylene polymer, commercially available products can be used, and examples of the commercially available products include MS Polymer S203H (manufactured by Kaneka Corporation), MS Polymer S303H (manufactured by Kaneka Corporation), MS Polymer 15A (manufactured by Kaneka Corporation), Silyl SAT030 (manufactured by Kaneka Corporation), Silyl SAT200 (manufactured by Kaneka Corporation), Silyl SAX400 (manufactured by Kaneka Corporation), Exestar S2410 (manufactured by Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.), Exestar S2420 (manufactured by Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.), and Exestar S3430 (manufactured by Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.).

--When the (meth)acrylic polymer is crosslinked with a siloxane bond--
In the following description, the term "crosslinkable silyl group" or "hydrolyzable silicon group" specifies the position of a siloxane bond in a (meth)acrylic polymer that constitutes a siloxane-crosslinked organic polymer.

When the (meth)acrylic polymer of the siloxane crosslinked organic polymer is crosslinked by a siloxane bond, the siloxane crosslinked organic polymer contains 100 parts by mass of a (meth)acrylic polymer (A) having at least one crosslinkable silyl group (or hydrolyzable silicon group) at the end, 0.1 to 100 parts by mass of a diamine compound (B) having an optionally branched monovalent or divalent aliphatic or alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 8 or more carbon atoms and having at least one primary amino group, and 0.1 to 100 parts by mass of a diamine compound (C) having an optionally branched monovalent aliphatic or alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 8 or more carbon atoms, and a crosslinkable silyl group and/or a (meth)acryloyl group.

The siloxane crosslinked organic polymer may further contain a photopolymerization initiator (D) in order to further improve the low contamination properties.

The (meth)acrylic polymer (A), diamine compound (B) and diamine compound (C) contained in the siloxane crosslinked organic polymer, as well as the photopolymerization initiator (D) that is optionally contained, are described in detail below.

--(Meth)acrylic polymer (A)--
The (meth)acrylic polymer (A) is a polymer having at least one crosslinkable silyl group shown below at an end and containing an acrylic acid alkyl ester monomer unit and/or a methacrylic acid alkyl ester monomer unit in the main chain.

Here, the crosslinkable silyl group refers to a group that undergoes a condensation reaction in the presence of moisture or a crosslinking agent, such as a silicon-containing group having a hydrolyzable group bonded to a silicon atom, a hydrolyzable silicon group, or a silanol group, using a catalyst or the like as necessary. A representative example is the group represented by the following general formula (2).

In the above general formula (2), R ⁶ and R ⁷ each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, an aralkyl group having 7 to 20 carbon atoms, or a triorganosiloxy group represented by (R ⁸ ) ₃ SiO-, and when there are two or more R ^6s or R ^7s , they may be the same or different.

Here, ^R8 is a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and the three ^R8 may be the same or different. Y represents a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group, and when two or more Y's are present, they may be the same or different. a represents 0, 1, 2 or 3, and b represents 0, 1 or 2.

In addition, b in the t groups represented by the following general formula (3) may be different. t represents an integer from 0 to 19. However, a + t × b ≥ 1 must be satisfied.

The hydrolyzable group represented by Y above is not particularly limited, and may be any conventionally known hydrolyzable group. Specific examples include hydrogen atoms, halogen atoms, alkoxy groups, acyloxy groups, ketoximate groups, amino groups, amide groups, acid amide groups, aminooxy groups, mercapto groups, and alkenyloxy groups. Among these, hydrogen atoms, alkoxy groups, acyloxy groups, ketoximate groups, amino groups, amide groups, aminooxy groups, mercapto groups, and alkenyloxy groups are preferred, and alkoxy groups such as methoxy groups are particularly preferred because they are mildly hydrolyzable and easy to handle.

Among the crosslinkable silyl groups, a crosslinkable silyl group represented by the following general formula (4) is preferred from the viewpoint of easy availability: In the following general formula (4), R ⁷ , Y and a have the same meanings as R ⁷ , Y and a described above.

Specific examples of ^R6 and ^R7 in the above general formula (2) include alkyl groups such as methyl and ethyl groups, alicyclic hydrocarbon groups such as cyclohexyl groups, aryl groups such as phenyl groups, aralkyl groups such as benzyl groups, and triorganosiloxy groups represented by ( ^R8 ) _3SiO- in which ^R8 is a methyl group, phenyl group, etc. Methyl groups are particularly preferred as ^R6 , ^R7 , and ^R8 .

On the other hand, examples of the acrylic acid alkyl ester monomer units forming the main chain of the (meth)acrylic polymer (A) include methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, isopropyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, tert-butyl acrylate, n-pentyl acrylate, n-hexyl acrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate, n-heptyl acrylate, n-octyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, nonyl acrylate, decyl acrylate, undecyl acrylate, dodecyl acrylate, lauryl acrylate, tridecyl acrylate, myristyl acrylate, cetyl acrylate, stearyl acrylate, bephenyl acrylate, phenyl acrylate, toluyl acrylate, benzyl acrylate, biphenyl acrylate, 2- Examples of the acrylate include acrylates such as methoxyethyl acrylate, 3-methoxybutyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate, glycidyl acrylate, 2-aminoethyl acrylate, trifluoromethyl methyl acrylate, 2-trifluoromethyl ethyl acrylate, 2-perfluoroethyl ethyl acrylate, 2-perfluoroethyl-2-perfluorobutyl ethyl acrylate, perfluoroethyl acrylate, perfluoromethyl acrylate, diperfluoromethyl methyl acrylate, 2-perfluoromethyl-2-perfluoroethyl ethyl acrylate, 2-perfluorohexyl ethyl acrylate, 2-perfluorodecyl ethyl acrylate, and 2-perfluorohexadecyl ethyl acrylate, or corresponding methacrylic acid esters. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

The main chain of the (meth)acrylic polymer (A) is not particularly limited as long as it contains acrylic acid alkyl ester monomer units and/or methacrylic acid alkyl ester monomer units, but it is preferable that these monomer units exceed 50% by mass, and more preferably 70% by mass or more, because of the availability and the weather resistance and flexibility at low temperatures of the resulting cured product.

Furthermore, the main chain of the (meth)acrylic polymer (A) may contain, in addition to the acrylic acid alkyl ester monomer units and/or methacrylic acid alkyl ester monomer units, monomer units that are copolymerizable with these. For example, monomer units containing a carboxyl group such as acrylic acid and methacrylic acid; monomer units containing an amide group such as acrylamide, methacrylamide, N-methylol acrylamide, and N-methylol methacrylamide; monomer units containing an epoxy group such as glycidyl acrylate and glycidyl methacrylate; monomer units containing an amino group such as diethylaminoethyl acrylate, diethylaminoethyl methacrylate, and aminoethyl vinyl ether; polyoxyethylene acrylate, polyoxyethylene methacrylate, and the like can be expected to have a copolymerization effect in terms of moisture curing and internal curing.

Other examples include monomer units derived from acrylonitrile, styrene, α-methylstyrene, alkyl vinyl ether, vinyl chloride, vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, ethylene, etc.

The monomer composition of the (meth)acrylic polymer (A) is appropriately selected depending on the application, purpose, etc.

For example, if the alkyl chain in the alkyl ester portion of the monomer is long, the glass transition temperature will be low and the cured product will have soft rubber-like elastic properties. Conversely, if it is short, the glass transition temperature will be high and the cured product will have hard properties. On the other hand, the physical properties after curing also depend greatly on the average molecular weight of the polymer.

Therefore, the monomer composition of the (meth)acrylic polymer (A) may be appropriately selected according to the desired viscosity, physical properties after curing, etc., while taking into consideration the average molecular weight.

The average molecular weight of the (meth)acrylic polymer (A) is not particularly limited, but a number average molecular weight of 500 to 100,000 in terms of polystyrene equivalent in gel permeation chromatography (GPC) is preferred in terms of the difficulty of polymerization, compatibility, and handling viscosity. Among these, a number average molecular weight of 1,000 to 50,000 is preferred in terms of the balance between strength and viscosity, and a number average molecular weight of 2,000 to 30,000 is more preferred in terms of ease of handling such as workability, and adhesiveness, etc.

The (meth)acrylic polymer (A) may be used alone or in combination of two or more kinds.
As such a (meth)acrylic polymer (A), a known one can be used, specifically, for example, Kaneka telechelic polyacrylate SA100S, SA110S, SA120S, SA310S, XMAP resin (RC110C, manufactured by Kaneka Corporation), XMAP resin (MM100C, manufactured by Kaneka Corporation), etc. can be mentioned.

-Diamine compound (B)-
The diamine compound (B) contained in the siloxane-crosslinked organic polymer is a compound having an optionally branched monovalent or divalent aliphatic or alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 8 or more carbon atoms and having at least one primary amino group.

Here, examples of the diamine compound (B) include a diamine compound represented by the following formula (5) and a diamine compound represented by the following formula (6), which are used in the production of the diamine compound (C) described later.
R ¹ -NH-R ² -NH ₂ ... (5)
NH ₂ -R ⁹ -NH ₂ ... (6)
In the above formula (5), R ¹ is preferably an optionally branched group having 8 or more carbon atoms, more preferably 12 to 21 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably a monovalent aliphatic or alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 14 to 18 carbon atoms.

Specific examples of monovalent aliphatic hydrocarbon groups include alkyl groups and alkenyl groups. More specific examples include alkyl groups such as dodecyl, hexadecyl, and octadecyl (stearyl) groups; and alkenyl groups such as oleyl, lylyl, and lylnyl groups.

Specific examples of monovalent alicyclic hydrocarbon groups include monocyclic cycloalkyl groups and polycyclic alicyclic cycloalkyl groups. More specific examples include monocyclic cycloalkyl groups such as cyclooctyl, cyclodecyl, and cyclododecyl groups; polycyclic alicyclic cycloalkyl groups such as isobornyl, tricyclodecyl, tetracyclododecyl, and adamantyl; and groups in which some of the hydrogen atoms in these alicyclic monovalent hydrogen groups have been substituted with one or more linear, branched, or cyclic alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, 2-methylpropyl, 1-methylpropyl, and t-butyl groups.

Of these, R ¹ is preferably a stearyl group or an oleyl group because they are easily available and the resulting cured product has excellent stain resistance.

On the other hand, in the above formula (5), R ² represents a divalent hydrocarbon group having 2 to 18, preferably 2 to 8, and more preferably 2 to 4 carbon atoms, which may contain an oxygen atom and may be branched.

Specific examples of the divalent hydrocarbon group include alkylene groups, etc. More specific examples of suitable divalent hydrocarbon groups include ethylene groups, 1,2-propylene groups, 1,3-propylene groups, and 1,4-butylene groups.
Of these, the propylene group is preferred because of its ready availability.

In the above formula (6), R ⁹ represents an optionally branched divalent aliphatic or alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 8 or more carbon atoms, preferably 8 to 20 carbon atoms, and more preferably 10 to 14 carbon atoms.

Specific examples of divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon groups include alkylene groups. More specifically, preferred examples include undecane and dodecane groups because they are easily available and the resulting cured product has excellent stain resistance.

The diamine compound (B) may be, for example, one of the compounds represented by formula (5) or (6) above, or may contain several of them.

In the present invention, the content of the diamine compound (B) is preferably 0.1 parts by mass or more and 100 parts by mass or less, more preferably 1 part by mass or more and 10 parts by mass or less, and particularly preferably 2 parts by mass or more and 5 parts by mass or less, relative to 100 parts by mass of the (meth)acrylic polymer (A).

When the content of the diamine compound (B) is within this range, the surface tack of the resulting siloxane-crosslinked organic polymer after curing disappears. This is thought to be because when the siloxane-crosslinked organic polymer is exposed to the atmosphere, the diamine compound (B) bleeds out onto the surface of the cured product and reacts with carbon dioxide in the air to produce crystalline carbamic acid, and the carbamic acid crystals act as a protective film.

In the present invention, as the diamine compound (B), commercially available products such as hardened tallow propylene diamine (product name: Asphasol #10, manufactured by NOF Corporation), tallow propylene diamine (product name: Asphasol #20, manufactured by NOF Corporation), and oleyl propylene diamine (product name: Amine DOB, manufactured by NOF Corporation) can be used.

-Diamine compound (C)-
The diamine compound (C) contained in the siloxane-crosslinked organic polymer is a compound having an optionally branched monovalent aliphatic or alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 8 or more carbon atoms, and a crosslinkable silyl group and/or a (meth)acryloyl group.

In the present invention, the content of the diamine compound (C) is preferably 0.1 parts by mass or more and 100 parts by mass or less, more preferably 1 part by mass or more and 10 parts by mass or less, and particularly preferably 2 parts by mass or more and 5 parts by mass or less, relative to 100 parts by mass of the (meth)acrylic polymer (A).

When the content of the diamine compound (C) is within this range, the resulting siloxane crosslinked organic polymer can maintain low contamination from the beginning of application for a long period of time. This is because, like the diamine compound (B), when the siloxane crosslinked organic polymer is exposed to the atmosphere, the diamine compound (C) bleeds out onto the surface of the cured product and reacts with carbon dioxide in the air to generate crystalline carbamic acid, and the crosslinkable silyl group in the diamine compound (C) bonds with the crosslinkable silyl group in the (meth)acrylic polymer (A), and/or the (meth)acryloyl group in the diamine compound (C) bonds with the (meth)acrylic polymer (A) through a radical reaction, thereby fixing a crystalline protective film to the surface of the cured product, thereby preventing peeling due to surface deterioration over time and runoff due to rainwater.

In the present invention, the diamine compound (C) is preferably a reaction product (C1) of a diamine compound (c11) represented by the following formula (5), an epoxysilane (c12), and a (meth)acryloyl group-containing compound (c13).
R ¹ -NH-R ² -NH ₂ ... (5)
The diamine compound (C) may be determined by taking into consideration WO 2010/150361 and the like.

-Photopolymerization initiator (D)-
The photopolymerization initiator (D) that is optionally contained in the siloxane crosslinked organic polymer is not particularly limited as long as it is capable of polymerizing a monomer by the action of light.

As the photopolymerization initiator (D), photoradical initiators and photoanionic initiators are preferred, and photoradical initiators are particularly preferred.

Examples of photopolymerization initiators (D) include acetophenone-based compounds, benzoin ether-based compounds, benzophenone-based compounds, sulfur compounds, azo compounds, peroxide compounds, and phosphine oxide-based compounds.

Specific examples include acetophenone, propiophenone, benzophenone, xanthol, fluorene, benzaldehyde, anthraquinone, triphenylamine, carbazole, 3-methylacetophenone, 4-methylacetophenone, 3-pentylacetophenone, 2,2-diethoxyacetophenone, 4-methoxyacetophenone, 3-bromoacetophenone, 4-allylacetophenone, p-diacetylbenzene, 3-methoxybenzophenone, 4-methylbenzophenone, 4-chlorobenzophenone, 4,4'-dimethoxybenzophenone, 4-chloro-4'-benzylbenzophenone, 3-chloroxanthone, 3,9-dichloroxanthone, 3-chloro-8-nonylxanthone, benzoyl, benzoin methyl ether, benzoin butyl ether, bis(4-dimethylaminophenyl)ketone, benzyl methoxyketal, 2-chlorothioxanthone, 2,2-dimethoxy-1,2-diphenylethan-1-one, 1-hydroxy-cyclohexyl-phenylketone, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1- Phenylpropan-1-one, 1-[4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-phenyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-propan-1-one, 2-hydroxy-1-{4-[4-(2-hydroxy-2-methyl-propionyl)-benzyl]phenyl}-2-methyl-propan-1-one, 2-methyl-1-(4-methylthiophenyl)-2-morpholinopropan-1-one, 2-benzyl-2-dimethylamino-1-(4-morpholinophenyl)-butanone-1, 2-(dimethylamino)-2-[(4-methyl Examples of such compounds include bis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)-phenylphosphine oxide, bis(2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl)-2,4,4-trimethylpentylphosphine oxide, and 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl-diphenylphosphine oxide.

These initiators may be used alone or in combination with other compounds. Specific examples include combinations with amines such as diethanolmethylamine, dimethylethanolamine, and triethanolamine, combinations of these with iodonium salts such as diphenyliodonium chloride, and combinations of these with dyes such as methylene blue and amines.

When using the above photopolymerization initiators, polymerization inhibitors such as hydroquinone, hydroquinone monomethyl ether, benzoquinone, and para-tertiary butyl catechol can also be added as necessary.

Among these, 2,2-dimethoxy-1,2-diphenylethan-1-one (Omnirad 651, manufactured by IGM RESINS B.V.), 2-hydroxy-1-{4-[4-(2-hydroxy-2-methyl-propionyl)-benzyl]phenyl}-2-methyl-propan-1-one (Omnirad 127, manufactured by IGM RESINS B.V.), α-hydroxyacetophenone (Omnirad 1173), 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl-diphenylphosphine oxide (Omnirad TPO H, manufactured by IGM RESINS B.V.), bis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phenylphosphine oxide (Omnirad 819, manufactured by IGM RESINS B.V.) are the most popular, due to their photocurability and the small coloring of the resulting cured product. (manufactured by B.V.) is more preferable.

In the present invention, when the photopolymerization initiator (D) is contained, the content is preferably 0.01 parts by mass or more and 10 parts by mass or less relative to 100 parts by mass of the (meth)acrylic polymer (A), and more preferably 0.1 parts by mass or more and 3 parts by mass or less from the viewpoints of good contamination resistance of the obtained cured product and economic efficiency.

In one embodiment, the (meth)acrylic polymer may contain butyl acrylate as an acrylic acid alkyl ester monomer unit in the main chain, and may have a number average molecular weight of 2,000 to 30,000. Specific examples of the (meth)acrylic polymer include XMAP resin (SA120S, manufactured by Kaneka Corporation) having a number average molecular weight of 14,000, an acrylic component being butyl acrylate, and a silyl group terminal (two functional groups), XMAP resin (SA110S, manufactured by Kaneka Corporation), XMAP resin (RC110C, manufactured by Kaneka Corporation, number average molecular weight (Mn) 14,000, acryloyl terminal), and XMAP resin (MM100C, manufactured by Kaneka Corporation).

- When crosslinked with siloxane bonds -
When two or more oxyalkylene polymers and (meth)acrylic polymers in the siloxane crosslinked organic polymer are crosslinked by siloxane bonds, the oxyalkylene polymer and the (meth)acrylic polymer can be mixed and used in a ratio within a range in which they do not undergo phase separation. If the ratio of the oxyalkylene polymer is large, the water vapor permeability increases and hydrolysis of the repellent is promoted, so a composition containing a large amount of (meth)acrylic polymer is preferred.

<<(Meth)acrylic polymer>>
The (meth)acrylic monomer constituting the (meth)acrylic polymer is not particularly limited, but various monomers can be used. For example, (meth)acrylic acid; methyl (meth)acrylate, ethyl (meth)acrylate, n-propyl (meth)acrylate, isopropyl (meth)acrylate, n-butyl (meth)acrylate, isobutyl (meth)acrylate, tert-butyl (meth)acrylate, n-pentyl (meth)acrylate, n-hexyl (meth)acrylate, cyclohexyl (meth)acrylate, n-heptyl (meth)acrylate, n-octyl (meth)acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth)acrylate, nonyl (meth)acrylate, decyl (meth)acrylate, dodecyl (meth)acrylate, phenyl (meth)acrylate, toluyl (meth)acrylate, benzyl (meth)acrylate, 2-methoxyethyl (meth)acrylate, 3-methoxybutyl (meth)acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl (meth)acrylate, Examples of (meth)acrylic acid esters include stearyl acrylate, glycidyl (meth)acrylate, 2-aminoethyl (meth)acrylate, γ-(methacryloyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane, ethylene oxide adduct of (meth)acrylic acid, trifluoromethyl (meth)acrylate, 2-trifluoromethylethyl (meth)acrylate, 2-perfluoroethylethyl (meth)acrylate, 2-perfluoroethyl-2-perfluorobutylethyl (meth)acrylate, 2-perfluoroethyl (meth)acrylate, perfluoromethyl (meth)acrylate, diperfluoromethylmethyl (meth)acrylate, 2-perfluoromethyl-2-perfluoroethylmethyl (meth)acrylate, 2-perfluorohexylethyl (meth)acrylate, 2-perfluorodecylethyl (meth)acrylate, and 2-perfluorohexadecylethyl (meth)acrylate. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

<<Fluorine-containing polymer>>
Examples of the fluorine-containing monomer constituting the fluorine-containing polymer include fluoroolefin monomers such as vinylidene fluoride, fluorine-containing acrylic monomers such as 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl acrylate, fluorine-containing methacrylic monomers such as 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate, 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl methacrylate, etc. These may be used alone or in combination.

<<Rubber Polymer>>
Examples of rubber polymers include diene rubber polymers, acrylic rubber polymers, organosiloxane rubber polymers, polyolefin rubbers obtained by polymerizing olefin compounds, aliphatic polyesters such as polycaprolactone, and polyethers such as polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol.

<<Epoxy resin>>
Examples of epoxy resins include flame-retardant epoxy resins such as epichlorohydrin-bisphenol A type epoxy resins, epichlorohydrin-bisphenol F type epoxy resins, and glycidyl ether of tetrabromobisphenol A, novolac type epoxy resins, hydrogenated bisphenol A type epoxy resins, glycidyl ether type epoxy resins of bisphenol A propylene oxide adducts, p-oxybenzoic acid glycidyl ether ester type epoxy resins, m-aminophenol type epoxy resins, diaminodiphenylmethane type epoxy resins, urethane-modified epoxy resins, various alicyclic epoxy resins, N,N-diglycidylaniline, N,N-diglycidyl-o-toluidine, triglycidyl isocyanurate, polyalkylene glycol diglycidyl ether, glycidyl ethers of polyhydric alcohols such as glycerin, hydantoin type epoxy resins, and epoxidized products of unsaturated polymers such as petroleum resins. However, the present invention is not limited to these, and generally used epoxy resins can be used. Those containing at least two epoxy groups in the molecule are preferred because they have high reactivity during curing and the cured product easily forms a three-dimensional network, etc. More preferred are bisphenol A type epoxy resins and novolac type epoxy resins.

When epoxy resin is used, a curing agent for curing the epoxy resin can be used in combination. There are no particular restrictions on the epoxy resin curing agent that can be used, and any commonly used epoxy resin curing agent can be used. Specific examples of the curing agent include, but are not limited to, primary and secondary amines such as triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine, diethylaminopropylamine, N-aminoethylpiperidine, m-xylylenediamine, m-phenylenediamine, diaminodiphenylmethane, diaminodiphenylsulfone, isophoronediamine, and amine-terminated polyethers; tertiary amines such as 2,4,6-tris(dimethylaminomethyl)phenol and tripropylamine, and salts of these tertiary amines; polyamide resins; imidazoles; dicyandiamides; boron trifluoride complex compounds, carboxylic anhydrides such as phthalic anhydride, hexahydrophthalic anhydride, tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, dodecynyl succinic anhydride, pyromellitic anhydride, and chlorenic anhydride; alcohols; phenols; carboxylic acids; and diketone complex compounds of aluminum or zirconium. The curing agent may be used alone or in combination of two or more. When using an epoxy resin curing agent, the amount used is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 300 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of epoxy resin.

The content of the crosslinked polymer is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected depending on the purpose, but may be 0.1% by mass or more, 1% by mass or more, 5% by mass or more, 10% by mass or more, 20% by mass or more, 30% by mass or more, or 50% by mass or more, and/or 50% by mass or less, 30% by mass or less, 20% by mass or less, 10% by mass or less, 5% by mass or less, 1% by mass or less, or 0.1% by mass or less, relative to the total amount of the animal repellent composition.

<Other ingredients>
The animal repellent composition of the present invention may contain, as other components, for example, insect repellents, insecticides, bactericides, fungicides, fragrances, colorants, and/or additives that are commonly used in formulations in the fields of pharmaceuticals, agricultural chemicals, food, etc. Examples of the additives include carriers, surfactants, organic solvents, plasticizers, defoamers, antioxidants, ultraviolet absorbers, colorants, etc.

Examples of the carrier include inorganic carriers such as silica gel, silicic acid, kaolin, activated carbon, bentonite, diatomaceous earth, talc, clay, calcium carbonate, and carbon black; and organic carriers such as cyclodextrin, crown compounds, cyclophane, azacyclophane, calixarene, porphyrin, phthalocyanine, salen, or derivatives thereof, wood flour, soy flour, wheat flour, and starch. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

Examples of the surfactant include anionic surfactants, nonionic surfactants, and amphoteric surfactants.
Examples of the anionic surfactant include alkylbenzene sulfonate, alkane sulfonate, olefin sulfonate, monoalkyl sulfate, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfate, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenyl ether sulfate, etc. Examples of the salts include alkali metal salts such as sodium salts and potassium salts, and alkanolamine salts such as monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, and triethanolamine.
Examples of the nonionic surfactant include polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ethers, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene block copolymers, and the like, typified by nonylphenyl ether or ethylene oxide adducts of higher alcohols.
Examples of the amphoteric surfactant include betaine-type surfactants such as alkylbetaine, alkylamidobetaine, carbobetaine, and hydroxysulfobetaine; and imidazoline-type amphoteric surfactants.
The surfactants may be used alone or in combination of two or more kinds.

Examples of the organic solvent include methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol; ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, or their polymers such as polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol; methyl cellosolve, cellosolve, butyl cellosolve, propyl cellosolve, diethylene glycol, methyl carbitol, carbitol, butyl carbitol, propyl carbitol, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol monobutyl ether, propylene glycol monopropyl ether, dipropylene glycol, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, dipropylene glycol monoethyl ether, dipropylene glycol monobutyl ether, dipropylene glycol monopropyl ether, glycerin, or derivatives thereof. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

<Method of manufacturing the animal repellent composition>
The method for producing the animal repellent composition of the present invention is not particularly limited, and for example, the composition can be produced by mixing the animal repellent, the crosslinked polymer, and the other components using a roll, kneader, extruder, universal mixer, etc.
The resulting animal repellent composition is cured to form a cured product.
The curing method can be appropriately selected depending on the type of crosslinked polymer, and examples thereof include room temperature curing, heat curing, and curing by irradiation with active energy rays.
The active energy rays may be any rays that can provide the energy necessary to promote the polymerization reaction of the polymerizable components in the animal repellent composition, such as ultraviolet rays, electron beams, α rays, β rays, γ rays, and X-rays, and are not particularly limited.

(Method of repelling animals)
The animal repellent method of the present invention comprises the step of placing the animal repellent composition of the present invention in a space in which animals are to be repelled, and further comprises other steps as necessary.
According to the above-mentioned animal repelling method, the animal repellent contained in the animal repellent composition is slowly released into the space where animals are to be repelled, repelling animals for a long period of time and preventing animals from entering the space where animals are to be repelled.

In this specification, "space that repels animals" means a space in which the repelled animals live or a space into which they may invade, including a space in which an object exists, a space in which an animal lives, or an animal's territory.

The "space that repels animals" is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected depending on the purpose. Examples include fields, orchards, vinyl greenhouses, forests, livestock farms, roads, highways, railways, airports, golf courses, dust collection areas, parks, gardens, flower beds, parking lots, buildings, houses, factories, warehouses, stores, commercial facilities, restaurants, kitchens, washrooms, balconies, storerooms, underfloor spaces, attics, partitions, nets, wire mesh, fences, utility poles, electric wires, communication cables, bulletin boards, etc.

As an embodiment of disposing the animal repellent composition of the present invention in a space to repel animals, the animal repellent composition may be applied directly to an object present in the space to repel animals, the animal repellent composition may be applied to a substrate (e.g., paper, resin film, metal foil, etc.) as the object, and the hardened coating may be placed in the space to repel animals, or an animal repellent device containing a hardened product of the animal repellent composition may be placed in a container.

Specific examples of objects to be examined include seedlings of fruit trees, such as apples, in fruit fields, soil, partitions, nets, wire mesh, fences, utility poles, electric wires, communication cables, bulletin boards, and substrates.

There are no particular limitations on the method for forming the coating film, and it can be appropriately selected depending on the purpose. For example, the coating film can be formed by applying the animal repellent composition of the present invention to an object and then curing the coating film by means of drying, cooling, heating, exposure to light, or the like.

The shape of the coating film and the size of the coating film, such as thickness and area, are not particularly limited as long as the desired repellent effect is obtained. The coating film may be formed on the object as a continuous single area, or may be formed on the object as a plurality of discontinuous areas. In addition, in consideration of the design, the coating film may be formed on the object in the shape of letters, numbers, symbols, various animals, plants, characters, etc., or a lattice-like, dot-like, or other pattern may be drawn on the object by the coating film.
The average thickness of the coating film is, for example, preferably 1 μm to 5 mm, more preferably 5 μm to 3 mm, even more preferably 10 μm to 1 mm, even more preferably 50 μm to 0.5 mm, and particularly preferably 100 μm to 0.3 mm. If the coating film is too thin, it may be difficult to obtain the desired retention effect, and if the coating film is too thick, the coating film may be prone to cracking or chipping due to its poor flexibility.

The animal repellent device includes an animal repellent composition and a container containing the same therein.
The term "container" refers to a vessel having a storage space inside. The shape of the container is not particularly limited. Examples of the container include a polyhedron, a cylinder, a pyramid, a cone, a sphere, an ellipsoid, a spindle, an irregular shape, or a combination thereof.

The container that contains the animal repellent composition may have an open part. For example, the container may have one or more open parts that are in contact with the outside world. When the container has an open part, the repellent may mainly dissipate from the open part to the outside world. The shape and size of the open part can be appropriately selected taking into account the dissipation rate of the repellent.

The container may have no openings or may have substantially no openings. If the container has no openings or may have substantially no openings, the repellent may dissipate to the outside world through the side of the container. In this case, the material and thickness of the container can be appropriately selected taking into account the dissipation rate of the repellent. Even if the container has substantially no openings, it is also possible for the repellent to dissipate from a minute gap between the container and the lid of the container.

The container may be, for example, a free-standing or hanging container, depending on the conditions of use such as the installation location.

Here is a schematic diagram showing an example of an animal repellent device containing a hardened product of the animal repellent composition of the present invention. The animal repellent device 10 in Fig. 3 has a film-like member 2 attached to the top of the cavity 3 of the container 1 and secured around the periphery with vinyl tape, and contains a hardened product 4 of the animal repellent composition inside.

The animal repellent composition or animal repellent device of the present invention may be placed either indoors or outdoors. The animal repellent composition or animal repellent device may be used for, but is not limited to, at least 1 hour, at least 2 hours, at least 3 hours, at least 6 hours, at least half a day, at least 1 day, at least 2 days, at least 3 days, at least 1 week, at least 2 weeks, at least 1 month, at least 2 months, at least 3 months, at least 4 months, at least 5 months, at least 6 months, at least 1 year, at least 2 years, at least 3 years, at least 5 months, at least 4 months, at least 3 months, at least 2 months, at least 1 month, at least 2 weeks, at least 1 week, at least 3 days, at least 2 days, at least 1 day, at least half a day, at most 6 hours, at most 3 hours, at most 2 hours, or at most 1 hour.

The animals that are repelled by the animal repellent composition of the present invention are not particularly limited. For example, harmful animals that cause damage to agricultural crops, forests, livestock, or human homes are the target. Examples of the harmful animals include animals such as mice, moles, rabbits, weasels, deer, wild boars, monkeys, cats, and bears; birds such as pigeons and crows; reptiles such as snakes; and insects such as ants, centipedes, grasshoppers, and cockroaches.

The animal repellent composition of the present invention can be used so that the animal repellent is diffused at an effective concentration. In this specification, the term "effective concentration" refers to the concentration of odor molecules in the air that allows the animal repellent to repel the target animal. The effective concentration varies depending on the type of repellent used and the combination of the target animals to be repelled, and may be, for example, 0.01 ppm or more, 0.1 ppm or more, 0.2 ppm or more, 0.3 ppm or more, 0.4 ppm or more, 0.5 ppm or more, 1 ppm or more, 5 ppm or more, or 10 ppm or more, and/or 10 ppm or less, 5 ppm or less, 1 ppm or less, 0.5 ppm or less, 0.4 ppm or less, 0.3 ppm or less, 0.2 ppm or less, 0.1 ppm or less, or 0.01 ppm or less. For example, 5 ppm or more and 10 ppm or less. The concentration of odor molecules in the air can be measured directly under the conditions of use, but in cases where measurement is difficult, such as outdoors, values measured in an enclosed space can also be used as reference values.

The placement position is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected depending on the purpose, but if outdoors, the application may be upwind of the space in which animals are to be repelled, taking into account the wind direction. The application may also be underground, on the ground, or above the ground. According to the animal repelling method of the present invention, animals can be repelled for, for example, 1 hour or more, 2 hours or more, 3 hours or more, 6 hours or more, half a day or more, 1 day or more, 2 days or more, 3 days or more, 1 week or more, 2 weeks or more, 1 month or more, 2 months or more, 3 months or more, 4 months or more, 5 months or more, 6 months or more, 1 year or more, 2 years or more, 3 years or more, 5 years or more, or 10 years or more.

The following describes examples of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

(Comparative Example 1)
Preparation and Curing of Animal Repellent Compositions
To a 200 mL depocup, 70 parts by mass of the cross-linked polymer "SA120S," 30 parts by mass of the plasticizer "Hexamoll ^(R) DINCH ^(R) ," 40 parts by mass of the animal repellent "4E2MT," 3 parts by mass of the curing catalyst "VA," and 0.5 parts by mass of the curing catalyst "DEAPA" were added and mixed thoroughly with a medicine spoon, followed by degassing to prepare an animal repellent composition.
The obtained animal repellent composition was filled into a polystyrene container (reagent bottle) having a capacity of 30 mL (diameter Φ33 mm × height 65 mm) so that the void ratio was 20%, and then cured under conditions of 23 ° C × 55% R.H. for 7 days to harden the animal repellent composition.

<Preparation of animal repellent device>
Thereafter, as shown in Figure 3, a polyethylene wrap (New Polywrap, 30 cm x 50 cm, manufactured by Ube Film Co., Ltd.) was attached to the top of the gap and the periphery was secured with vinyl tape to produce an animal repellent device containing the cured product of the animal repellent composition of Comparative Example 1.

<Evaluation of haze over time>
The haze of the cured product obtained by curing the animal repellent composition of Comparative Example 1 before and after leaving it at 25°C under reduced pressure of 50 kPa for 24 hours was measured using a haze meter HZ-0 (D65 light source, manufactured by Suga Test Instruments Co., Ltd.). The haze was 1.6 before leaving it at 25°C under reduced pressure of 50 kPa for 24 hours (before the accelerated test), and 4.0 after leaving it at 25°C under reduced pressure of 50 kPa for 24 hours (after the accelerated test). The results are shown in Table 2-1. Cavities (air bubbles) are generated in the cured product in the area where the animal repellent has diffused. When the cavities (air bubbles) increase in the cured product, the appearance of the cured product becomes cloudy and the haze increases. In the cured product of the animal repellent composition of Comparative Example 1, both the cured products before and after the accelerated test were transparent to the naked eye, so it was inferred that the animal repellent in the cured product did not diffuse to the outside.

<Results of repellent effect>
An animal repellent device containing the hardened product of the animal repellent composition of Comparative Example 1 was installed in an apple orchard, and the repellent effect against mice was evaluated for one year. The results are shown in Table 2-1. As a result, the repellent effect against mice was observed only in the early stages of installation, but no repellent effect was observed thereafter.

(Comparative Example 2)
<Preparation and curing of animal repellent composition, and fabrication of animal repellent device>
An animal repellent device containing a cured product of the animal repellent composition of Comparative Example 2 was prepared in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, except that the crosslinked polymer "S203H" in Comparative Example 1 was changed to the polymer "jER ^(R ) 828", the animal repellent "4E2MT" was changed to the animal repellent "2MT", the curing catalyst "VA" was changed to 3 parts by mass, and 0.5 parts by mass of the curing catalyst "DEAPA" was changed to 10 parts by mass of ethylenediamine.

<Evaluation of haze over time>
For the cured product obtained by curing the animal repellent composition of Comparative Example 2, the haze was measured before and after standing at 25°C under reduced pressure of 50 kPa for 24 hours in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1. The haze was 0.5 before standing at 25°C under reduced pressure of 50 kPa for 24 hours (before the accelerated test), and was 0.5 after standing at 25°C under reduced pressure of 50 kPa for 24 hours (after the accelerated test). The results are shown in Table 2-1. Both were transparent in appearance, and it was presumed that no emission of the animal repellent occurred from the cured product.

<Results of repellent effect>
The repellent effect of the animal repellent composition of Comparative Example 2 was evaluated in the same manner as in <Results of repellent effect> of Comparative Example 1. The results are shown in Table 2-1. As a result, the animal repellent device containing the cured product of the animal repellent composition of Comparative Example 2 did not show a sufficient repellent effect against mice either immediately after installation or after one year had passed.

Example 1
Preparation and hardening of animal repellent composition, and fabrication of animal repellent device
An animal repellent device containing a cured product of the animal repellent composition of Example 1 was prepared in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, except that in Comparative Example 1, 70 parts by mass of the cross-linked polymer "SA120S" was changed to 100 parts by mass of the cross-linked polymer "SA110S" and the plasticizer "Hexamoll ^(R) DINCH ^(R )" was not added.

<Evaluation of haze over time>
The haze of the cured product obtained by curing the animal repellent composition of Example 1 was measured before and after standing at 25°C under reduced pressure of 50 kPa for 24 hours in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1. The haze was 2.0 before standing at 25°C under reduced pressure of 50 kPa for 24 hours (before the accelerated test), and 15.5 after standing at 25°C under reduced pressure of 50 kPa for 24 hours (after the accelerated test). The results are shown in Table 2-1. In both cases, the haze was at a level that allowed sufficient visual inspection to determine that the animal repellent had been diffused and disappeared from the cured product before and after the accelerated test.

<Results of repellent effect>
The repellent effect of the animal repellent composition of Example 1 was evaluated in the same manner as in <Results of repellent effect> of Comparative Example 1. The results are shown in Table 2-1. In the animal repellent device containing the cured product of the animal repellent composition of Example 1, not only was a repellent effect against mice observed immediately after installation, but the repellent effect against mice was also confirmed one year after installation of the device.
From the results of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 and Example 1, it is considered that the haze of the cured product specified by JIS K7136 is 5 or less, and the haze of the cured product after standing at 25 ° C. and reduced pressure of 50 kPa for 24 hours is more than 5, which is an index that can predict whether or not the repellent will be released from the cured product and exhibit a repellent effect when the cured product is produced by curing the animal repellent composition. In addition, since the appearance of the cured product becomes cloudy due to the release of the animal repellent in the cured product, the degree of consumption of the animal repellent can be easily confirmed visually and the presence or absence of the repellent effect can also be confirmed. As described above, if the degree of consumption of the animal repellent can be visually confirmed, the user can easily determine the timing of replacing the animal repellent.

Example 2
Preparation and Curing of Animal Repellent Compositions
First, 100 parts by mass of the cross-linked polymer "S203H", 40 parts by mass of the animal repellent "2MT", 3 parts by mass of the curing catalyst "VA", and 0.5 parts by mass of the curing catalyst "DEAPA" were added to a 200 mL Depocup, mixed thoroughly with a medicine spoon, and then degassed to prepare an animal repellent composition for the lower layer.
The obtained animal repellent composition for the underlayer was filled into a polystyrene container (reagent bottle) having a capacity of 30 mL (diameter Φ33 mm × height 65 mm) in an amount half that of Example 1, and cured for 7 days under conditions of 23°C × 55% R.H. to harden the animal repellent composition for the underlayer, thereby forming a underlayer.
Next, 100 parts by mass of the cross-linked polymer "SA120S", 20 parts by mass of the animal repellent "2MT", 3 parts by mass of the curing catalyst "VA", and 0.5 parts by mass of the curing catalyst "DEAPA" were added to a 200 mL depocup, mixed thoroughly with a medicine spoon, and then degassed to prepare an animal repellent composition for the upper layer.
Next, the upper layer animal repellent composition was filled on the lower layer so that the void ratio of the container was 20%, and the container was cured under conditions of 23°C x 55% R.H.% for 7 days to harden the upper layer animal repellent composition, thereby forming the upper layer.

<Preparation of animal repellent device>
Thereafter, as shown in Figure 3, a polyethylene wrap (New Polywrap, 30 cm x 50 cm, manufactured by Ube Film Co., Ltd.) was attached to the top of the gap and the periphery was secured with vinyl tape to produce an animal repellent device comprising the cured product consisting of the lower layer and upper layer of Example 2.

<Evaluation of haze over time>
The haze of the cured product consisting of the lower layer and the upper layer of Example 2 was measured before and after standing at 25°C and a reduced pressure of 50 kPa for 24 hours in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1. The haze of the lower layer was 0.7 and the haze of the upper layer was 1.8 before standing at 25°C and a reduced pressure of 50 kPa for 24 hours (before the accelerated test), and the haze of the lower layer was 10.4 and the haze of the upper layer was 13.2 after standing at 25°C and a reduced pressure of 50 kPa for 24 hours (after the accelerated test). The results are shown in Table 2-1. The haze of both the lower layer and the upper layer of the cured product was at a level that was sufficient to visually determine that the animal repellent had diffused and disappeared from the cured product after the accelerated test.

<Results of repellent effect>
The repellent effect of the animal repellent composition of Example 2 was evaluated in the same manner as in <Results of repellent effect> of Comparative Example 1. The results are shown in Table 2-1. In the animal repellent device containing the cured product of the animal repellent composition of Example 2, not only was a repellent effect against mice observed immediately after installation, but the repellent effect against mice was also confirmed one year after installation of the device.

Example 3
Preparation and Curing of Animal Repellent Compositions
First, 100 parts by mass of the cross-linked polymer "RC100C", 60 parts by mass of the animal repellent "2MT", 0.02 parts by mass of the photoradical initiator "Omnirad 1173", and 0.01 parts by mass of the photoradical initiator "Omnirad 819" were added to a 200 mL depocup, and the mixture was mixed well with a medicine spoon and then degassed to prepare an animal repellent composition for the lower layer.
The obtained first animal repellent composition was filled into a polystyrene container (reagent bottle) with a capacity of 30 mL (diameter Φ33 mm x height 65 mm) in the same amount as the lower layer portion of Example 2, and UV light with an accumulated light intensity of 3000 mJ/ ^cm2 was irradiated from a high-pressure mercury lamp to harden the animal repellent composition for the lower layer and form a lower layer.
Next, 100 parts by mass of the crosslinked polymer "RC100C", 20 parts by mass of the animal repellent "2MT", 0.02 parts by mass of the photoradical initiator "Omnirad 1173", and 0.01 parts by mass of the photoradical initiator "Omnirad 819" were added, mixed thoroughly with a medicine spoon, and then degassed to prepare an animal repellent composition for the upper layer.
Next, the upper layer animal repellent composition was filled on top of the lower layer so that the void ratio of the container was 20%, and UV light with an integrated light dose of 3000 mJ/ ^cm2 was irradiated from a high-pressure mercury lamp to harden the upper layer animal repellent composition and form the upper layer.

<Preparation of animal repellent device>
Thereafter, as shown in Figure 3, a polyethylene wrap (New Polywrap, 30 cm x 50 cm, manufactured by Ube Film Co., Ltd.) was attached to the top of the gap and the periphery was secured with vinyl tape to produce an animal repellent device comprising the cured product consisting of the lower layer and upper layer of Example 3.

<Evaluation of haze over time>
The haze of the cured product consisting of the lower layer and the upper layer of Example 3 was measured before and after standing at 25°C and a reduced pressure of 50 kPa for 24 hours in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1. The haze of the lower layer was 1.8 and the haze of the upper layer was 3.3 before standing at 25°C and a reduced pressure of 50 kPa for 24 hours (before the accelerated test), and the haze of the lower layer was 14.4 and the haze of the upper layer was 18.9 after standing at 25°C and a reduced pressure of 50 kPa for 24 hours (after the accelerated test). The results are shown in Table 2-1. The haze of both the lower layer and the upper layer of the cured product was at a level that was sufficient to visually determine that the animal repellent had diffused and disappeared after the accelerated test.

<Results of repellent effect>
The repellent effect of the animal repellent composition of Example 3 was evaluated in the same manner as in <Results of repellent effect> of Comparative Example 1. The results are shown in Table 2-1. In the animal repellent device containing the cured product of the animal repellent composition of Example 3, not only was a repellent effect against mice observed immediately after installation, but the repellent effect against mice was also confirmed one year after installation of the device.

Example 4
Preparation and Curing of Animal Repellent Compositions
First, 8 g of an animal repellent composition for the lower layer, which is a mixture of 100 parts by mass of the crosslinked polymer "SA110S", 80 parts by mass of the animal repellent "4E2MT", 9 parts by mass of the curing catalyst "VA", and 1.5 parts by mass of the curing catalyst "DEAPA", was filled into a polystyrene container (reagent bottle) having a capacity of 30 mL (diameter Φ33 mm x height 65 mm), and the mixture was left to cure for 3 hours under conditions of 23 ° C. x 55% R.H. to form a lower layer.
Next, 8 g of an animal repellent composition for an intermediate layer, which was a mixture of 100 parts by mass of the crosslinked polymer "SA110S", 60 parts by mass of the animal repellent "4E2MT", 6 parts by mass of the curing catalyst "VA", and 1 part by mass of the curing catalyst "DEAPA", was filled on the lower layer, and the composition was left to cure for 3 hours under conditions of 23°C x 55% RH to form an intermediate layer.
Next, 8 g of an upper layer animal repellent composition containing 100 parts by mass of crosslinked polymer "SA110S", 20 parts by mass of animal repellent "4E2MT", 3 parts by mass of curing catalyst "VA", and 0.5 parts by mass of curing catalyst "DEAPA" was filled on the intermediate layer, and the lower layer, intermediate layer, and upper layer were all cured under 23°C x 55% R.H. conditions for 7 days to obtain a cured product consisting of the lower layer, intermediate layer, and upper layer. The porosity of the container was 20%.

<Preparation of animal repellent device>
Thereafter, as shown in Figure 3, a polyethylene wrap (New Polywrap, 30 cm x 50 cm, manufactured by Ube Film Co., Ltd.) was attached to the top of the gap and the periphery was secured with vinyl tape to produce an animal repellent device comprising the cured product consisting of the lower layer, middle layer, and upper layer of Example 4.

<Evaluation of haze over time>
The haze of the cured product consisting of the lower layer, the middle layer, and the upper layer of Example 4 was measured before and after standing at 25°C and a reduced pressure of 50 kPa for 24 hours in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1. The haze of the lower layer was 0.7, the haze of the middle layer was 1.3, and the haze of the upper layer was 2.5 before standing at 25°C and a reduced pressure of 50 kPa for 24 hours (before the accelerated test), and the haze of the lower layer was 12.1, the haze of the middle layer was 13.2, and the haze of the upper layer was 16.4 after standing at 25°C and a reduced pressure of 50 kPa for 24 hours (after the accelerated test). The results are shown in Table 2-2. The haze of the lower layer, the middle layer, and the upper layer of the cured product was at a level that was sufficient to visually determine that the animal repellent had diffused and disappeared after the accelerated test.

<Results of repellent effect>
The repellent effect of the animal repellent composition of Example 4 was evaluated in the same manner as in <Results of repellent effect> of Comparative Example 1. The results are shown in Table 2-2. In the animal repellent device containing the cured product of the animal repellent composition of Example 4, not only was a repellent effect against mice observed immediately after installation, but the repellent effect against mice was also confirmed one year after the device was installed.

The contents of each component in Tables 1-1 and 1-2 are as follows. The numbers for each component in Tables 1-1 and 1-2 are parts by mass.

-polymer-
The siloxane crosslinked (meth)acrylic polymer is an MS polymer composed of an oxyalkylene polymer (manufactured by Kaneka Corporation, S203H, number average molecular weight (Mn) 11,000, D terminal).
The siloxane crosslinked (meth)acrylic polymer is an XMAP resin (SA100S, number average molecular weight (Mn) 22,000, D-terminated, manufactured by Kaneka Corporation) composed of a (meth)acrylic polymer.
The radical crosslinking type (meth)acrylic polymer is an XMAP resin composed of a (meth)acrylic polymer (manufactured by Kaneka Corporation, RC110C, number average molecular weight (Mn) 28,000, acryloyl terminal).
Radical crosslinking type (meth)acrylic polymers include XMAP resins composed of (meth)acrylic polymers (MM100C, number average molecular weight (Mn) 14,000, acryloyl one end, manufactured by Kaneka Corporation).
Epoxy resin (jER ^(R) 828, manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation)

-Animal repellent-
・2MT (2-methyl-2-thiazoline, manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.)
4E2MT (4-ethyl-2-methylthiazoline, manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.)

- Plasticizer -
- "Hexamoll ^(R) DINCH ^(R) " (manufactured by BASF Corporation)

- Curing catalyst (acid/amine combination catalyst) -
VA (Neodecanoic acid, manufactured by Yashima Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.)
DEAPA (3-diethylaminopropylamine, manufactured by Koei Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.)
- Ethylenediamine (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) as a curing agent for epoxy resin

- Photoradical initiator -
Omnirad 1173 (α-hydroxyacetophenone, manufactured by BASF Japan Ltd.)
Omnirad 819 (bis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl, manufactured by BASF Japan Ltd.)

The evaluation criteria for the repellent effect in Tables 2-1 and 2-2 are as follows.
[Evaluation criteria for repellent effect]
〇: Good ×: Bad

1 Container 2 Membrane member 3 Void (air)
4 Cured product 10 Animal repellent device 20 Low concentration region 30 Medium concentration region 40 High hardness region 100 Cured product of animal repellent composition

Claims (8)

An animal repellent composition comprising at least one animal repellent selected from the compounds represented by the following general formulas (I) to (VI) and a crosslinked polymer, the composition being characterized in that the haze of a cured product obtained by curing the composition is 5 or less as specified in JIS K7136, and the haze of the cured product after standing at 25°C under a reduced pressure of 50 kPa for 24 hours is more than 5.

In the above general formulas (I) to (VI), R ₁ , R ₂ , and R ₃ each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or an alkylthio group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms. The animal repellent composition according to claim 1, wherein the cured product has at least two regions with different animal repellent content. The animal repellent composition according to claim 2, which has at least two regions in which the content of the animal repellent increases toward the lower part in the height direction of the cured product. The animal repellent composition according to any one of claims 2 to 3, wherein the composition of the crosslinked polymer in at least two of the regions is different. the compound represented by the general formula (I) is any compound selected from 2-methylthiazole, 2-ethylthiazole, 2-bromothiazole, 4-methylthiazole, and 2,4-dimethylthiazole;
the compound represented by the general formula (II) or (III) is any compound selected from 2-methyl-2-thiazoline, 2-methylthio-2-thiazoline, 4-methyl-2-thiazoline, 2,4-dimethyl-2-thiazoline, and 2,2-dimethylthiazolidine;
The compound represented by the general formula (IV) is thiomorpholine,
5. The animal repellent composition according to claim 1, wherein the compound represented by general formula (V) is any compound selected from 2,5-dimethyl-2-thiazoline and 5-methyl-2-thiazoline. The animal repellent composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the crosslinked polymer is at least one selected from the group consisting of (meth)acrylic polymers, polyethers, polyesters, polyolefins, polysulfites, siloxane-crosslinked organic polymers, fluorine-containing polymers, rubber-based polymers, and epoxy resins. The animal repellent composition according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the crosslinked polymer is liquid at 25°C. A method for repelling animals, comprising the step of placing the animal repellent composition according to any one of claims 1 to 7 in a space in which animals are to be repelled.

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