JP2023033838A - Control device for plant pest - Google Patents

Abstract

A plant pest control device capable of reliably controlling plant pests without using agricultural chemicals is provided. The plant comprises electrode plates 3, 3 arranged facing each other on both sides of a plant 2, and a power supply device 4 for applying a voltage to the electrode plates 3, 3, and a pulse is applied between the electrode plates 3, 3. By applying an electric field, pests parasitic on the plant 2 interposed between the electrode plates 3, 3 are controlled. In the method of applying the pulse electric field, the pulse electric field having a predetermined pulse repetition frequency is applied once for a certain period of time, and this is repeated several times a day. [Selection drawing] Fig. 1

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a plant pest control device using a pulsed electric field.

In the cultivation of plants such as crops and flowers, many agricultural chemicals are used for the purpose of preventing the occurrence of pests. However, in addition to the impact on the ecosystem, the use of such pesticides causes various environmental problems such as scattering to neighboring areas and impacts on water systems due to underground runoff. There are concerns about the effects on the human body. In addition, due to the problem of residual pesticides on crops, usage concentration, usage period and number of times are restricted.

In addition, pests and pathogens acquire resistance to the use of pesticides, reducing their effectiveness, which is a problem. For example, the two-spotted spider mite is an important agricultural pest that damages many agricultural crops.

In recent years, there has been increasing interest in low- and no-pesticide cultivation methods in order to reduce the impact on ecosystems and ensure food safety.

As a technique for preventing the occurrence of pests without using pesticides, the following Patent Document 1 discloses that electric discharge is performed against flying organisms such as spores or fungi of plant pathogens that cause plant pests and small pests. A flying organism removing device that applies an electrostatic field to a flying organism is disclosed in order to prevent the occurrence of plant disease and insect damage by killing the organism by squeezing it.

JP 2007-195404 A

The flying organism removal apparatus disclosed in the above Patent Document 1 is installed in an air supply/exhaust opening formed in the wall surface of an agricultural house or the like, and is arranged inside the apparatus with a certain distance therebetween. By applying a DC voltage to the conductors, an electric discharge is generated in flying organisms passing between them, and the electric discharge removes the flying organisms. As a result, although it is possible to prevent pests from entering through the opening where the device for removing flying organisms is installed, the only way to remove pests that have invaded from other than the opening and parasitized plants in the house is to use agricultural chemicals. I didn't. Also, this device could not be used for outdoor cultivation.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, it is a primary object of the present invention to provide a plant pest control apparatus capable of reliably controlling plant pests without using agricultural chemicals.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention according to claim 1 comprises electrode plates arranged opposite each other on both sides of a plant, and a power supply device for applying a voltage to the electrode plates,
There is provided a plant pest control device that controls pests parasitic on plants interposed between the electrode plates by applying a pulse electric field between the electrode plates.

In the invention according to claim 1, the electrode plates are arranged on both sides of the plant so as to face each other, and by applying a pulse electric field between the electrode plates, pests parasitic on the plant interposed between the electrode plates are controlled. ing. The pulse electric field is a pulse-like electric field generated by discharging electric energy in an extremely short time. By applying this pulse electric field to pests, it is possible to reliably control pests parasitic on plants without using agricultural chemicals due to the effect of suppressing pest behavior and the effect of sterilizing pests.

As the present invention according to claim 2, there is provided the plant pest control device according to claim 1, wherein the pulse electric field having a predetermined pulse repetition frequency is applied once for a certain period of time, and this is repeated several times a day. be done.

In the second aspect of the invention, the method of applying the pulse electric field for one day is specified. Specifically, a pulse electric field having a predetermined pulse repetition frequency is applied once for a certain period of time, and this is repeated several times a day. Thereby, pests of plants can be more reliably controlled.

As the present invention according to claim 3, the device for controlling plant pests according to claim 2, wherein the pulse electric field is applied for several minutes each time, and then the pulse electric field is applied again at intervals, which is repeated several times. provided.

In the third aspect of the invention, a more preferable form of the method of applying the pulse electric field per time is defined. As a result of the experiment, the application method in which the application of the pulse electric field for several minutes at intervals was repeated several times was able to suppress the behavior of the pest most remarkably.

As a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the plant pest control device according to any one of the first to third aspects, wherein the outer side of the electrode plate is covered with an electrically insulating member.

In the invention according to claim 4, by covering the outside of the electrode plate with a member made of an electrically insulating sheet material or plate material, it is possible to prevent a person from accidentally touching the electrode plate and ensure safety. ing.

As the present invention according to claim 5, when a large number of the plants are planted in rows,
A plant pest control device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the electrode plate is provided so as to be movable along the row in which the plant is planted.

In the invention according to claim 5, when a large number of plants are planted in rows, rails on which the electrode plates can run are provided on both sides of the plants, and the electrode plates are moved along the rails. The electrode plate is movably provided along the row in which plants are planted so that a pulse electric field can be applied to all the plants planted in a wide area by making them movable.

As detailed above, according to the present invention, pests of plants can be reliably controlled without using agricultural chemicals.

1 is a perspective view showing a plant pest control device 1 according to the present invention. FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the control apparatus 1 of plant pests which concerns on a modification. It is a perspective view which shows 1 A of mobile pest control apparatuses. It is a schematic diagram of an experimental device.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

As shown in FIG. 1, a plant pest control device 1 according to the present invention includes electrode plates 3, 3 arranged opposite to each other on both sides of a plant 2, and a voltage is applied to the electrode plates 3, 3. and a power supply device 4 .

As a method for cultivating plants 2 to which the control device 1 can be applied, as shown in FIGS. , or, as shown in FIG. 3, ridges may be provided in the ground and the plants 2 may be directly planted in the ridges in soil culture.

In the pest control device 1 shown in FIG. 1, electrode plate mounting frames 7, 7 erected on the ground are arranged on both sides of the plant 2, and electrode plates 3 are mounted on the electrode plate mounting frames 7, 7 on both sides, respectively. In the illustrated example, connecting members 8 are appropriately provided for connecting the electrode plate mounting frames 7, 7 on both sides. Thus, in the case of the pest control device 1 in which the electrode plate 3 is attached to the electrode plate attachment frame 7, the electrode plate 3 is used for indoor cultivation such as greenhouse cultivation in order to avoid short-circuiting due to exposure of the electrode plate 3 to rainwater. However, it is also possible to use it outdoors after taking measures to avoid electrical short-circuiting of the electrode plate 3 due to liquids such as rainwater. On the other hand, as will be described later, when the electrode plates 3, 3 are attached to the mobile pest control device 1A (see FIG. 3), it is enough to move the mobile pest control device 1A to a place where it is not hit by rainwater when it rains. , and can be applied to outdoor cultivation in addition to greenhouse cultivation.

In the plant pest control device 1 according to the present invention, a pulse electric field is applied between the electrode plates 3, 3 to control pests parasitic on the plant 2 interposed between the electrode plates 3, 3. there is As described later in the experimental results, by applying a pulse electric field to pest insects (thrips), the effect of suppressing pest behavior was confirmed. It is also possible to prevent diseases caused by proliferation of fungi such as this disease. Therefore, pests of plants can be reliably controlled without using pesticides.

The pulse electric field is a pulse-like electric field generated by discharging electric energy in an extremely short time (pulse width). The pulse width is several hundred nanoseconds or longer, preferably several hundred nanoseconds to microseconds. The upper limit of the pulse width is determined in consideration of applying stress by targeting pests without causing great damage to plants in an environment where plants and pests coexist. This pulse electric field is repeatedly applied at a constant period, and the pulse repetition frequency at that time is preferably 100 to 10000 pps, preferably 500 to 5000 pps, more preferably 800 to 1200 pps.

Further, the electric field intensity of the pulse electric field is preferably in a range that does not adversely affect the growth of plants within the intensity that affects target pests.

The application time of the pulse electric field (apparent time including non-application time between pulses when applied with a predetermined pulse width and a predetermined pulse repetition frequency) is 1 to 30 minutes, preferably 5 to 30 minutes, More preferably 12 to 25 minutes.

As a method of applying the pulse electric field, a pulse electric field having a predetermined pulse repetition frequency is applied once for a certain period of time, and this is repeated several times a day, specifically 2 to 6 times. Better to By applying several times a day, the control of pests can be ensured.

As a method for applying one time, the application may be performed continuously for a predetermined application time, but from the experimental results described later, after applying the pulse electric field for several minutes, the pulse electric field is applied again for several minutes after an interval. is preferably applied several times. The application time of the pulse electric field between each interval is preferably about 2 to 6 minutes, and this is preferably repeated about 2 to 6 times with an interval, and the total application time is about 10 to 30 minutes. is good. Also, the interval time should be about 3 to 10 minutes.

The electrode plates 3 are plate members made of conductive metal or the like, and are arranged on both sides of the plant 2 so as to face each other while being separated from the plant 2 . One electrode 3 of the opposing electrodes 3 , 3 is connected to the positive pole of the power supply 4 , and the other electrode 3 is connected to the negative pole of the power supply 4 .

As shown in FIG. 1, the outer surface of the electrode plate 3 (the surface opposite to the surface where the electrode plates 3, 3 face each other and the surface opposite to the plant 2) is an electrically insulating member 9. Covering is preferred. As a result, it is possible to prevent an accident in which a person accidentally touches the electrode plate 3 and receives an electric shock, thereby enhancing safety. The electrically insulating member 9 is made of a known electrically insulating material such as rubber, resin, porcelain, glass, or wood, and is processed into a sheet or plate.

Fig. 2 shows an embodiment in which a large number of plants 2, 2... are planted in rows. Although they may be arranged, it is preferable to provide one electrode plate 3, 3 arranged on both sides of the plant 2 so as to be movable along the row in which the plant 2 is planted, as in the illustrated example. This makes it possible to apply a pulsed electric field to the entire plant 2 planted over a wide area with the minimum number of electrode plates 3 .

In order to install the electrode plate 3 so as to be movable along the row in which the plant 2 is planted, as shown in FIG. In an embodiment in which the electrode plate 3 is attached, rails 10 on which the electrode plate 3 can run are provided on the electrode plate attachment frame 7 along rows of the plants 2, and the electrode plate 3 is moved along the rails 10. By moving, you may enable it to apply a pulse electric field to all the plants 2. FIG.

As another embodiment in which the electrode plate 3 is provided so as to be movable along the row in which the plants 2 are planted, as shown in FIG. In soil cultivation, the vehicle body 11 is composed of a vehicle body 11 and a running body 12 for supporting the vehicle body 11 so that the vehicle body 11 can travel. The mobile pest control device 1A may run on a passage and be provided with the electrode plates 3 on both sides of the arch leg portion of the vehicle body 11 respectively. The mobile pest control device 1A may be of a self-propelled type equipped with an engine or a motor, or may be connected to another vehicle to be moved, or may be moved by human power. By making the pest control device itself equipped with the electrode plate 3 movable, it is no longer necessary to provide the electrode plate mounting frames 7 on both sides of the plant 2, and the range of application of the pest control device can be expanded. The mobile pest control device 1A may be applied to elevated cultivation by raising the legs of the vehicle body 11 .

Further, as another embodiment, a photographing device for photographing the plant 2 is provided, and the image photographed by this photographing device is analyzed to identify the color and state of the leaves and flowers, and pulse according to the identification result. Analysis means may be provided for changing any one of the electric field application time, electric field strength, and the number of times of application, or two or more items. For example, in the case of leaf sucking damage by thrips, a large number of spots are observed on the leaves, and measures such as increasing the number of applications of the pulse electric field can be taken for the plants 2 that have produced these spots by the analysis means. can.

An experiment was conducted to observe the behavior of thrips, which is a serious pest in agriculture, when a pulsed electric field was applied to the thrips.

The experimental method is as follows.
(1) Place a glass or acrylic transparent container containing the pest 20 (thrips) between the electrode plates 3 , 3 .
(2) Applying a pulse electric field with a predetermined electric field intensity, pulse repetition frequency, and application time.
(3) Observe the reaction of the pest 20 during application.
(4) Observe the reaction of the pest 20 after stopping.

Experimental conditions and experimental results are shown in Table 1.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1... Plant disease and pest control device, 2... Plant, 3... Electrode plate, 4... Power supply device, 5... Stand, 6... Cultivation tank, 7... Electrode plate mounting frame, 9... Electrical insulating member, 10... Rail, 11 ... vehicle body, 12 ... traveling body

Claims (5)

Consists of electrode plates arranged facing each other on both sides of the plant and a power supply device for applying voltage to the electrode plates,
A plant pest control device for controlling pests parasitic on plants interposed between the electrode plates by applying a pulse electric field between the electrode plates. 2. A plant pest control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said pulsed electric field having a predetermined pulse repetition frequency is applied once for a certain period of time, and this is repeated several times a day. 3. A plant disease and pest control apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said pulsed electric field is applied for several minutes each time, and then said pulsed electric field is applied again at intervals, which is repeated several times. The plant pest control device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the outer side of said electrode plate is covered with an electrically insulating member. When a large number of the plants are planted in rows,
5. A plant pest control device according to claim 1, wherein said electrode plate is provided movably along a row in which said plants are planted.

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