JP2022032466A - Test device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To perform a test at a site where a test piece is collected.
SOLUTION: A test apparatus 10 has a holding portion 15 for holding a test piece 19, a spherical surface 44A, a pressing position where the spherical surface 44A presses the test piece 19 held by the holding portion 15, and a test piece 19. It includes a retracting position where the spherical surface 44A retracts, a pressing unit 40 which can be moved to, and operating units 82 and 83 which move the pressing unit 44 from the retracted position to the pressing position by manual operation by the operator.
[Selection diagram] Fig. 1

Description

The present invention relates to a test device.

As a test device, there is a test device that performs a test (so-called small punch test) in which a test piece is pressed with a steel ball to measure the displacement of the test piece (for example, Patent Document 1). In the test apparatus of Patent Document 1, the steel ball is pressed against the test piece by driving the rod supporting the steel ball with the driving unit.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2018-059843

In the test device of Patent Document 1, a steel ball is driven by a driving unit and the displacement of the steel ball is accurately measured, so that a power source is required and the device becomes large. For this reason, when a part of the resin lining material formed on the surface of the structure is collected and used as a test piece, it is difficult to perform the test at the site where the test piece is collected.

An object of the present invention is to enable the test to be performed at the site where the test piece is collected.

The test apparatus according to the first aspect has a holding portion for holding the test piece, a spherical surface, a pressing position where the spherical surface presses the test piece held by the holding portion, and the spherical surface retracts from the test piece. It is provided with a retractable position, a pressing unit that can be moved to, and an operating unit that moves the pressing unit from the retracted position to the pressing position by manual operation by the operator.

According to the configuration of the first aspect, the pressing portion is moved from the retracted position to the pressing position by the operator manually operating the operation portion. As a result, the spherical surface of the pressing portion presses the test piece held by the holding portion. Then, for example, the operator observes the deformed state of the test piece deformed by pressing the spherical surface of the pressing portion to determine the degree of deterioration of the test object from which the test piece is collected.

As described above, in the configuration of the first aspect, the pressing portion is moved from the retracted position to the pressing position by the manual operation of the operation unit by the operator, so that a power supply for operating the pressing portion is not required. Further, when the operator observes the deformed state of the test piece deformed by pressing the spherical surface of the pressing portion to determine the degree of deterioration of the test piece, the displacement of the pressing portion can be accurately measured. No measuring device is required. By eliminating the need for a power supply and a measuring device in this way, it is possible to reduce the size of the test device.

As described above, according to the configuration of the first aspect, the test device can be miniaturized and a power supply is not required, so that the test can be performed at the site where the test piece is collected.

The test apparatus according to the second aspect has a first arm provided with the holding portion on one end side portion with respect to the intermediate portion, and a transmission portion transmitting a moving force to the pressing portion on one end side portion with respect to the intermediate portion. The intermediate portion includes a second arm rotatably connected to the intermediate portion of the first arm, and the operation portion includes the other end side portion of the first arm with respect to the intermediate portion and the second arm. The pressing portion is provided on the other end side portion of the arm with respect to the intermediate portion, and is manually operated by the operator in a direction in which the other end side portions approach each other, whereby the pressing portion is pressed via the transmission portion of the second arm. It is moved from the retracted position to the pressed position.

According to the configuration of the second aspect, the first arm and the second arm are rotatably connected to each other at intermediate portions. A holding portion is provided on one end side of the first arm with respect to the intermediate portion. On the other hand, one end side portion of the second arm with respect to the intermediate portion has a transmission portion for transmitting a moving force to the pressing portion.

Then, by manually operating the operation unit in the direction in which the other end portions of the first and second arms approach each other, the pressing unit is moved from the retracted position to the pressing position via the transmission unit of the second arm. Move. As described above, according to the configuration of the second aspect, by operating the operation unit provided on the other end side portion of the first and second arms, the operation unit is operated via the transmission unit on the one end side portion of the second arm. Since the pressing portion is moved, the pressing portion can be operated using a lever.

In the test apparatus according to the third aspect, in the first arm, the distance from the rotation center of the intermediate portion to the operation portion is longer than the distance from the rotation center to the holding portion, and in the second arm, the distance is longer. The distance from the rotation center of the intermediate portion to the operation portion is longer than the distance from the rotation center to the transmission portion.

As described above, according to the configuration of the third aspect, the distance A from the rotation center of the first arm to the operation portion is longer than the distance B from the rotation center to the holding portion, and the operation is performed from the rotation center of the second arm. Since the distance C to the unit is longer than the distance D from the center of rotation to the transmission unit, the test piece for the input to the operation unit is compared with the configuration in which the distance A and the distance B are equal and the distance C and the distance D are equal. The pressing force (load) on can be increased.

In the test apparatus according to the fourth aspect, the intermediate portion of the first arm and the intermediate portion of the second arm are connected via a rotary damper.

As described above, according to the configuration of the fourth aspect, since the intermediate portions between the first arm and the second arm are connected to each other via the rotary damper, the first arm and the second arm can be connected without the rotary damper. The test piece can be pressed more gently than the configuration in which the intermediate portions of the above are directly connected to each other.

In the test apparatus according to the fifth aspect, the holding portion sandwiches the peripheral edge portion of the test piece between the first holding portion provided on the one end side portion of the first arm and the first holding portion. A holding position for holding the test piece, a release position for releasing the holding of the test piece away from the first holding portion, and a second holding portion rotatably supported by the first arm. Have.

As described above, according to the configuration of the fifth aspect, the test piece can be held and the holding can be released by rotating the second holding portion between the holding position and the releasing position.

In the test apparatus according to the sixth aspect, the holding portion has a locking mechanism for locking the second holding portion at the holding position.

As described above, according to the configuration of the sixth aspect, since the locking mechanism locks the second holding portion at the holding position, it is possible to suppress the movement of the second holding portion located at the holding position to the release position. ..

In the test apparatus according to the seventh aspect, the holding portion has an urging portion that urges the second holding portion from the holding position toward the release position.

As described above, according to the configuration of the seventh aspect, the urging portion urges the second holding portion from the holding position to the releasing position. Therefore, when the locking by the locking mechanism is released, the second The pinching part is easy to move from the holding position to the releasing position.

In the test apparatus according to the eighth aspect, the first holding portion is detachably provided on the one end side portion of the first arm.

As described above, according to the configuration of the eighth aspect, since the first holding portion is detachably provided on the one end side portion of the first arm, the first holding portion can be replaced.

In the test apparatus according to the ninth aspect, the first sandwiching portion has an opposing portion that faces the second sandwiching portion and forms a gap between the second sandwiching portion and the test piece. By using the first sandwiching portion having different dimensions along the facing direction of the facing portion, the dimension of the gap along the facing direction can be changed.

As described above, according to the configuration of the ninth aspect, by using the first holding portion having different dimensions along the facing direction of the facing portion facing the second holding portion, the dimensions along the facing direction of the gap can be increased. Since it is changeable, the size of the gap can be changed according to the size of the test piece.

In the test apparatus according to the tenth aspect, the pressing portion is attached to the transmission portion of the second arm, and the operating portion is manually operated by the operator to obtain the retracted position and the pressed position. It is possible to move between them integrally with the transmission unit.

As described above, according to the configuration of the tenth aspect, by manually operating the operation unit by the operator, the pressing unit can move integrally with the transmission unit between the retracted position and the pressing position. Therefore, the pressing portion can be moved from the retracting position to the pressing position and returned from the pressing position to the retracting position by the manual operation of the operator.

In the test apparatus according to the eleventh aspect, the pressing portion is arranged on the first arm, and the operating portion is manually operated by the operator in a direction in which the other end side portions approach each other. The transmission portion of the second arm pushes the pressing portion to move the pressing portion from the retracted position to the pressing position.

As described above, according to the configuration of the eleventh aspect, the operation unit is manually operated by the operator, so that the transmission unit of the second arm pushes the pressing unit arranged on the first arm. Since the pressing portion is moved from the retracted position to the pressing position, the pressing portion can be moved in a trajectory different from the trajectory of the second arm.

In the test apparatus according to the twelfth aspect, the pressing portion has a rod extending to the holding portion, and the holding portion is provided with a bearing that supports the rod so as to be movable in the pressing direction. ..

According to the configuration of the twelfth aspect, the pressing portion has a rod extending to the holding portion, and since the rod is supported by the bearing, the pressing portion can be smoothly moved.

Since the present invention has the above configuration, it has an excellent effect that the test can be performed at the site where the test piece is collected.

It is a side view which shows the schematic structure of the test apparatus which concerns on 1st Embodiment. It is a side view which shows a part of the structure in the cross section in the test apparatus of FIG. It is a side sectional view showing a part of the test apparatus of FIG. 2 in an enlarged manner. It is a perspective view which shows the holder of the test apparatus of FIG. FIG. 3 is a side sectional view showing a gap in which a test piece is arranged in the test apparatus of FIG. FIG. 5 is a side sectional view showing a configuration in which a gap is narrowed in the test apparatus of FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the holding plate of the test apparatus of FIG. It is a side sectional view which shows the state which the holding plate moved to the release position in the test apparatus of FIG. It is a side sectional view which shows the state which the locking member moved to the non-locking position in the test apparatus of FIG. FIG. 3 is a side sectional view showing an operation in which a pressing portion presses a test piece in the test apparatus of FIG. It is a figure which shows the fracture form of the test piece when the degree of deterioration of a test object is "small". It is a figure which shows the fracture form of the test piece when the degree of deterioration of a test object is "medium". It is a figure which shows the fracture form of the test piece when the degree of deterioration of a test object is "large". It is a graph which shows the judgment criteria of the life of a test object. It is a side view which shows the schematic structure of the test apparatus which concerns on 2nd Embodiment. It is a side view which shows a part of the structure in the cross section in the test apparatus of FIG.

Hereinafter, an example of the embodiment according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
<< First Embodiment >>
(Test equipment 10)
First, the configuration of the test apparatus 10 according to the first embodiment will be described. FIG. 1 is a side view showing a schematic configuration of the test apparatus 10 according to the first embodiment. FIG. 2 is a side view showing a part of the configuration of the test apparatus 10 shown in FIG. 1 in a cross section.

The front, rear, upper, lower, left (left) and right (right) used in the following description are "FR", "RR", "UP", "DO", and "" in the figure, respectively. Corresponds to the arrow directions indicated by "LH" and "RH". Since these directions are defined for convenience of explanation, the device configuration is not limited to these directions.

In addition, "x" in the "○" in the figure means an arrow from the front to the back of the paper, and "・" is written in the "○" in the figure. Means an arrow pointing from the back of the page to the front. Further, the dimensional ratios in the front-rear direction, the vertical direction, and the left-right direction of each part shown in each figure may differ from the actual dimensional ratios.

The test device 10 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is a test device for displacing the test piece 19 by pressing the test piece 19 and evaluating the deterioration of the test piece 19 based on the displacement. Specifically, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the test apparatus 10 includes a first arm 30, a second arm 20, a holding portion 15, a pressing portion 40, and operating portions 82 and 83. It is equipped with.

Hereinafter, the configurations of the test piece 19 to be tested and each part (first arm 30, second arm 20, holding part 15, pressing part 40, and operating part 82, 83) of the test device 10 will be described.

(Test piece 19)
As the test piece 19 to be tested by the test apparatus 10 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a material having flexibility and becoming hard and embrittled with time is used. Examples of the material include urea-based resin materials such as polyurea. The test piece 19 is not limited to the resin material described above, and any material may be used as long as it is flexible and becomes hard and embrittled over time.

Further, the test piece 19 is, for example, a material used for a structure and is collected from the structure. As an example, the material used for the structure includes a lining material formed on the surface of the structure. Examples of the structure include buildings and infrastructure such as electrical equipment, water and sewage, and gas pipelines.

The test piece 19 is formed in a disk shape as an example (see FIG. 11 (A)). The disk-shaped test piece 19 is formed, for example, to have a thickness of about 1 to 3 mm and a diameter of about 5 to 10 mm. When the test piece 19 is collected from the structure, the test piece 19 may be collected from the structure in a disk shape, or the test piece 19 may be collected from the structure in an arbitrary shape and then processed into a disk shape. You may.

The size and shape of the test piece 19 including the thickness and the diameter are not limited to those described above, and various sizes and shapes can be used as the test piece 19.

(First arm 30 and second arm 20)
Each of the first arm 30 and the second arm 20 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is an example of each of the first arm and the second arm in the claims.

As shown in FIG. 1, the first arm 30 is formed in an elongated shape elongated in the left-right direction. Specifically, the first arm 30 has a left portion 32, an intermediate portion 34, and a right portion 36. Each of the left portion 32, the intermediate portion 34, and the right portion 36 is an example of each of the one end side portion, the intermediate portion, and the other end side portion in the claims.

The left portion 32 is a portion of the first arm 30 on the left side with respect to the intermediate portion 34, and constitutes a tip portion of the first arm 30. A circular hole 33 penetrating in the vertical direction is formed in the left portion 32. As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, a screw groove 35 (female screw) for attaching a holder 50 described later in the holding portion 15 is spirally formed on the inner wall of the circular hole 33. As shown in FIG. 3, the screw groove 35 is not formed on the inner wall on the upper end side of the circular hole 33.

Further, as shown in FIG. 3, an engaged portion 37 with which the claw portion 74 described later of the holding portion 15 is engaged is formed on the left side of the circular hole 33 on the upper surface of the left portion 32. Specifically, the engaged portion 37 is composed of a recess in which the claw portion 74, which will be described later, is hooked.

Further, on the left side of the circular hole 33 on the lower surface of the left portion 32, a mounting recess 38 to which the compression spring 17 described later of the holding portion 15 is attached is formed.

Further, on the lower surface of the left portion 32, a support portion 39 that rotatably supports the holding plate 60 described later of the holding portion 15 is provided. A pair of support portions 39 are provided in the front and rear on the right side of the circular hole 33 on the lower surface of the left portion 32, and project downward from the lower surface of the left portion 32.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the intermediate portion 34 extends diagonally downward to the right from the right end of the left portion 32. The intermediate portion 34 is an intermediate portion between the left portion 32 and the right portion 36 in the first arm 30. The right portion 36 is a right portion of the first arm 30, and extends to the right from the right end of the intermediate portion 34.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the second arm 20 is formed in an elongated shape elongated in the left-right direction. Specifically, the second arm 20 has a left portion 22, an intermediate portion 24, and a right portion 26. Each of the left portion 22, the intermediate portion 24, and the right portion 26 is an example of each of the one end side portion, the intermediate portion, and the other end side portion in the claims.

The left portion 22 is a portion of the second arm 20 on the left side with respect to the intermediate portion 24, and constitutes a tip portion of the second arm 20. The intermediate portion 24 extends diagonally upward to the right from the right end of the left portion 22. The intermediate portion 24 is an intermediate portion between the left portion 22 and the right portion 26 in the second arm 20. The right portion 26 is a right portion of the second arm 20 and extends to the right from the right end of the intermediate portion 24.

The intermediate portion 24 of the second arm 20 is rotatably connected to the intermediate portion 34 of the first arm 30. Specifically, the intermediate portion 24 can rotate relative to the direction in which the right portions 26 and 36 approach each other (X1 direction in the figure) and the direction in which the right portions 26 and 36 move away from each other (X2 direction in the figure). , 34, central portions 24A, 34A in the longitudinal direction are connected to each other.

More specifically, the central portions 24A and 34A are connected to each other via a rotary damper 18. The rotary damper 18 has a function of applying a braking force (brake) to the relative rotation of the second arm 20 with respect to the first arm 30 and decelerating the rotation. Braking forces are generated, for example, by friction or oil resistance. Further, the rotary damper 18 slows down the rotation at least in the direction in which the right portions 26 and 36 approach each other (X1 direction in the figure).

It should be noted that between the right portion 36 of the first arm 30 and the right portion 26 of the second arm 20, the first arm 30 is directed toward the direction in which the right portions 26 and 36 are separated from each other (X2 direction in the figure). And a compression spring 13 is provided as an urging portion for urging the second arm 20.

In the present embodiment, the intermediate portions 24 and 34 have been described as an example of the intermediate portion in the claims, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the central portions 24A and 34A in the longitudinal direction of the intermediate portions 24 and 34 may be grasped as an example of the intermediate portions in the claims. In this case, the portion on the left side with respect to the central portions 24A and 34A (the portion including a part of the intermediate portions 24 and 34) may be grasped as an example of the one-sided portion in the claims. Further, the portion on the right side with respect to the central portions 24A and 34A (the portion including a part of the intermediate portions 24 and 34) may be grasped as an example of the other end side portion in the claims.

(Holding part 15)
The holding unit 15 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is an example of the holding unit within the scope of claims, and has a function of holding the test piece 19. The holding portion 15 is provided on the left portion 32 of the first arm 30.

Specifically, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the holding portion 15 has a holder 50, a holding plate 60, a locking mechanism 70, and a compression spring 17. Each of the holder 50, the holding plate 60, the locking mechanism 70, and the compression spring 17 is an example of each of the first holding portion, the second holding portion, the locking mechanism, and the urging portion within the scope of the claims.

(Holder 50)
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the holder 50 is provided on the left portion 32 of the first arm 30, and has a function of sandwiching the test piece 19 with the holding plate 60. Specifically, the holder 50 has a cylindrical portion 52 and a flange portion 54, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4.

The cylindrical portion 52 is formed in a cylindrical shape in which both ends in the axial direction are open. A spiral thread groove 53 (male screw) screwed into the thread groove 35 (female screw) formed in the first arm 30 is formed on the outer periphery of the cylindrical portion 52.

In the present embodiment, the screw groove 53 (male screw) is formed into the screw groove 35 by rotating the holder 50 in a predetermined rotation direction and screwing the cylindrical portion 52 into the circular hole 33 of the first arm 30. Screwed into (female screw), the holder 50 is attached to the left portion 32 of the first arm 30.

By rotating the holder 50 attached to the first arm 30 in the direction opposite to the rotation direction, the holder 50 is removed from the left portion 32 of the first arm 30. As described above, in the present embodiment, the holder 50 is detachably provided with respect to the left portion 32 of the first arm 30.

As shown in FIG. 3, the flange portion 54 is a portion that sandwiches the test piece 19 with the holding plate 60. The flange portion 54 is an example of a facing portion within the scope of the claims.

Further, as shown in FIG. 4, the flange portion 54 projects from the lower end of the cylindrical portion 52 to the outside in the radial direction of the cylindrical portion 52, and is formed in an annular shape (ring shape) in the vertical direction. Further, the flange portion 54 has a plate shape with the vertical direction as the thickness direction.

As shown in FIG. 4, a non-slip 57 is formed on the lower surface of the flange portion 54 along the circumferential direction of the circular opening 58 in the central portion. The non-slip 57 is composed of protrusions protruding downward from the lower surface of the flange portion 54. The protrusion is formed in a triple circle along the circumferential direction of the opening 58 in the vertical view. As shown in FIG. 3, this protrusion bites into the test piece 19 to limit the test piece 19 from moving in the front-rear direction and the left-right direction with respect to the holder 50. In the present embodiment, the protrusions of the non-slip 57 are formed in triplicate, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the protrusions of the non-slip 57 may be formed single or double, or may be formed in four or more layers.

As shown in FIG. 5, the flange portion 54 faces the pressing plate 60 located at the holding position in the vertical direction, and forms a gap 59 for sandwiching the test piece 19 with the pressing plate 60.

As shown in FIG. 6, by using holders 50 having different dimensions (that is, thickness) along the vertical direction of the flange portion 54, the dimensions of the gap 59 along the vertical direction can be changed. In the example shown in FIG. 6, the holder 50 in which the thickness of the flange portion 54 is thinner than that shown in FIG. 5 is used. The vertical direction is an example of the opposite direction in the claims.

Further, in the holder 50, the pressing portion 40 moved to the pressing position shown by the solid line in FIG. 2 is inserted into the hollow portion 56 of the cylindrical portion 52. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 10C, a deformed test piece 19 is inserted between the inner wall of the cylindrical portion 52 into which the pressing portion 40 is inserted and the pressing portion 40.

In the present embodiment, as described above, the holder 50 is screwed to the first arm 30, but the present invention is not limited to this configuration. For example, the holder 50 may be attached to the first arm 30 by press-fitting the cylindrical portion 52 into the circular hole 33. Further, the holder 50 may be attached to the first arm 30 by holding the cylindrical portion 52 in a state of being inserted into the circular hole 33 by another holding means.

(Press plate 60)
As shown in FIGS. 3 and 7, the holding plate 60 is formed in a plate shape having the vertical direction as the thickness direction, and as shown in FIG. 7, the holding plate 60 has a substantially rectangular shape that is long in the horizontal direction in the vertical direction. It is formed. A shaft portion 62 projecting forward and rearward is provided at the right end portion of the holding plate 60. As shown in FIG. 3, the holding plate 60 is rotatably supported with respect to the first arm 30 by the shaft portion 62 being supported by the support portion 39 of the first arm 30. Specifically, the holding plate 60 is rotatably supported by the first arm 30 between the holding position shown in FIG. 3 and the releasing position shown by the solid line in FIG. In FIG. 8, the position of the holding plate 60 indicated by the alternate long and short dash line is the holding position.

As shown in FIGS. 3 and 7, a through hole 63 penetrating in the vertical direction is formed on the left side of the holding plate 60 with respect to the shaft portion 62. The through hole 63 is composed of a circular hole, and is a passage through which the pressing portion 40 that moves from the retracted position indicated by the alternate long and short dash line to the pressing position indicated by the solid line in FIG.

As shown in FIG. 7, a non-slip 67 is formed on the upper surface of the holding plate 60 along the circumferential direction of the through hole 63. The non-slip 67 is composed of protrusions protruding upward from the upper surface of the holding plate 60. The protrusion is formed in a triple circle along the circumferential direction of the through hole 63 in the vertical view. As shown in FIG. 3, this protrusion bites into the test piece 19 to limit the test piece 19 from moving in the front-rear direction and the left-right direction with respect to the holding plate 60. In the present embodiment, the protrusions of the non-slip 67 are formed in triplicate, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the protrusions of the non-slip 67 may be formed single or double, or may be formed in four or more layers.

The holding plate 60 holds the test piece 19 by sandwiching the peripheral edge portion of the test piece 19 with the holder 50 at the holding position shown in FIG. On the other hand, the holding plate 60 releases the holding of the test piece 19 away from the holder 50 at the release position shown by the solid line in FIG.

As shown in FIG. 7, at the left end portion of the holding plate 60, a shaft portion 69 for supporting the locking member 72 described later of the locking mechanism 70 is formed in the central portion in the front-rear direction. ..

(Locking mechanism 70)
The locking mechanism 70 shown in FIGS. 2, 3 and 9 is a mechanism for locking the holding plate 60 at the holding position. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 3, the locking mechanism 70 includes a locking member 72 formed in an inverted L shape in a side view and a claw portion formed at the tip of the locking member 72. 74 and.

The locking member 72 is rotatably supported by a shaft portion 69 arranged at the left end portion of the holding plate 60. Specifically, the locking member 72 is rotatably supported by the left end portion of the holding plate 60 at the locking position shown in FIG. 3 and the non-locking position shown by the solid line in FIG. In FIG. 9, the position of the locking member 72 shown by the alternate long and short dash line is the locking position.

At the locking position, the locking member 72 engages the claw portion 74 with the engaged portion 37 to lock the holding plate 60 to the holding position. Further, the locking member 72 is rotated from the locked position to the non-locked position, so that the engaged state of the claw portion 74 with respect to the engaged portion 37 is released. As a result, the locked state of the holding plate 60 is released, and the holding position of the holding plate 60 is allowed to move to the released position.

(Compression spring 17)
As shown in FIG. 3, the compression spring 17 is provided in the mounting recess 38 of the left portion 32 of the first arm 30 so that the axial direction is along the vertical direction. Specifically, the compression spring 17 is arranged on the left portion 32 so as to project downward from the left portion 32 of the first arm 30. Then, the compression spring 17 contacts the pressing plate 60 in a state where the pressing plate 60 is located at the holding position, and urges the pressing plate 60 from the holding position to the release position.

(Pressing part 40)
As shown in FIGS. 1, 2, and 10, the pressing portion 40 has a spherical surface 44A, and the spherical surface 44A has a function of pressing the test piece 19 held by the holding portion 15. Specifically, the pressing portion 40 has a rod 42 as a rod body and a sphere 44.

The rod 42 is formed in a columnar shape extending in the vertical direction. That is, the rod 42 is formed in a columnar shape whose axial direction is the vertical direction. As shown in FIG. 1, the rod 42 is attached to the upper surface 22A in the left portion 22 of the second arm 20. Specifically, the lower end portion of the rod 42 is fixed to the fixing portion 22B of the upper surface 22A of the right portion of the left portion 22 so that the rod 42 extends upward (that is, the holding portion 15 side). The rod 42 may be formed in a cylindrical shape.

The sphere 44 is formed in a spherical shape having a spherical surface 44A, and is fixed to the upper end portion (that is, the tip end portion) of the rod 42. The outer diameter of the sphere 44 is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the rod 42. The outer diameter of the sphere 44 is smaller than the diameter of the test piece 19, and is, for example, about 2 mm.

The sphere 44 may have an outer diameter that is the same as the outer diameter of the rod 42. Further, as the sphere 44, a hemispherical surface having a spherical surface on the upper side and a flat surface on the lower side may be used. Further, the sphere 44 may be formed separately from the rod 42 and may be attracted to the upper end portion of the rod 42 by an attractive force such as a magnetic force. In this configuration, only the sphere 44 can be replaced. As described above, in the present embodiment, the shape of the portion (sphere 44) that presses the test piece 19 is spherical, but the present invention is not limited to this. As the shape of the portion that presses the test piece 19, for example, a shape having a flat surface may be used, or a shape other than a spherical shape may be used.

The pressing portion 40 is movable to the retracted position shown in FIG. 1 and the pressing position shown by the solid line in FIG. 2 by the relative rotation of the second arm 20 with respect to the first arm 30. In other words, the moving force of the second arm 20 due to the relative rotation with respect to the first arm 30 is transmitted to the pressing portion 40 via the fixing portion 22B of the second arm 20, and the pressing portion 40 presses the evacuation position and the pressing portion 40. It is said that it can be moved to its position. The position of the pressing portion 40 shown by the alternate long and short dash line in FIG. 2 is the retracted position.

The fixed portion 22B is a portion to which the pressing portion 40 is fixed, and is an example of a transmission portion within the scope of claims.

In the pressing portion 40, the spherical surface 44A of the sphere 44 presses the test piece 19 held by the holding portion 15 at the pressing position shown by the solid line in FIG. Specifically, in FIG. 2, the pressing portion 40 that moves from the retracted position indicated by the alternate long and short dash line to the pressing position indicated by the solid line starts contacting the lower surface of the test piece 19 (see FIG. 10A). ), It bites into the test piece 19 (see FIG. 10 (B)), and the test piece 19 is deformed in a convex shape (see FIG. 10 (C)). Further, the pressing portion 40 moves upward, so that the test piece 19 is destroyed.

In the pressing portion 40, the spherical surface 44A of the sphere 44 retracts from the test piece 19 held by the holding portion 15 at the retracted position shown by the alternate long and short dash line in FIG.

(Operation units 82, 83)
Each of the operation units 82 and 83 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is provided on each of the right portion 36 of the first arm 30 and the right portion 26 of the second arm 20. Specifically, the operation units 82 and 83 are parts that are manually operated by the operator. More specifically, the operation units 82 and 83 are portions that are gripped by the operator. Therefore, in the right portions 26 and 36, the surface (grip surface) gripped by the operator constitutes the operation portions 82 and 83.

Then, the operation units 82 and 83 move the pressing unit 40 from the retracted position indicated by the alternate long and short dash line to the pressing position indicated by the solid line, as shown in FIG. 2, by the manual operation of the operator. Specifically, by manually operating the operation units 82 and 83 in the direction in which the right portions 26 and 36 approach each other (X1 direction in the figure), the operation units 82 and 83 are operated via the fixed portion 22B of the second arm 20. The pressing portion 40 is moved from the retracted position to the pressing position. That is, by manually operating the operation units 82 and 83 by the operator, the pressing unit 40 can move integrally with the fixing unit 22B between the retracted position and the pressing position.

In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, in the first arm 30, the distance A from the rotation center S1 of the intermediate portion 34 to the operation portion 83 is longer than the distance B from the rotation center S1 to the holding portion 15. It has become. The distance A is the distance between the position farthest from the rotation center S1 of the intermediate portion 34 in the operation unit 83 and the rotation center S1. The distance B is the distance between the position where the pressing portion 40 contacts the held test piece 19 and the rotation center S1 in the holding portion 15. Specifically, in the present embodiment, the distance A is longer than the distance B so that the leverage ratio is 1: 2.

Further, in the present embodiment, in the second arm 20, the distance C from the rotation center S1 of the intermediate portion 24 to the operation portion 82 is longer than the distance D from the rotation center S1 to the fixed portion 22B. The distance C is the distance between the position farthest from the rotation center S1 of the intermediate portion 24 and the rotation center S1 in the operation unit 82. The distance D is the distance between the center position in the plan view of the region where the rod 42 of the pressing portion 40 is fixed and the rotation center S1 in the fixed portion 22B. Specifically, in the present embodiment, the distance C is longer than the distance D so that the leverage ratio is 1: 2.

Even when the distance from the rotation center S1 to the pressing portion 40 is compared with the distance C instead of the distance D, the distance C is longer than the distance. The distance is the distance between the position of the pressing portion 40 in contact with the test piece 19 held by the holding portion 15 and the rotation center S1.

(Test method using test device 10)
Next, a test method using the test apparatus 10 will be described.
The test method includes a sampling step, a holding step, a pressing step, a removing step, and a determination step.

(Collection process)
The collecting step is a step of collecting the test piece 19. In the sampling step, for example, the test piece 19 is sampled from the structure.

Specifically, for example, a part of the test object (for example, a resin lining material) formed on the surface of the structure is peeled off to obtain a test piece 19. The test piece 19 is formed in a disk shape (see FIG. 11 (A)). The disk-shaped test piece 19 is formed, for example, to have a thickness of about 1 to 3 mm and a diameter of about 5 to 10 mm. For example, 1 to 3 test pieces 19 are prepared.

When the test piece 19 is collected from the structure, the test piece 19 may be collected from the structure in a disk shape, or the test piece 19 may be collected from the structure in an arbitrary shape and then processed into a disk shape. You may.

(Holding process)
The holding step is a step of holding the test piece 19 in the holding portion 15. In the holding step, first, as shown in FIG. 8, the test piece 19 is arranged so as to come into contact with the lower surface of the flange portion 54 of the holder 50 in a state where the holding plate 60 is located at the release position shown by the solid line.

Next, as shown in FIG. 9, the holding plate 60 is moved to the holding position, and then the locking member 72 is moved to the locking position as shown in FIG. As a result, the test piece 19 is sandwiched and held between the flange portion 54 of the holder 50 and the holding plate 60. At this time, the non-slip 57 of the flange portion 54 and the non-slip 67 of the holding plate 60 bite into the test piece 19, so that the test piece 19 moves in the front-rear direction and the left-right direction with respect to the holder 50 and the holding plate 60. , Limited.

(Pressing process)
The pressing step is a step of pressing the test piece 19 held by the holding portion 15 with the pressing portion 40. In the pressing step, as shown in FIG. 2, the second arm 20 is operated by the operator manually in the direction in which the right portions 26 and 36 approach each other (X1 direction in the figure). The pressing portion 40 is moved from the retracted position to the pressing position via the fixing portion 22B of the above.

The pressing portion 40 that moves from the retracted position to the pressing position bites into the test piece 19 after starting contact with the lower surface of the test piece 19 (see FIG. 10A), and then bites into the test piece 19 (see FIG. 10B). Is deformed into a convex shape (see FIG. 10 (C)). Further, by moving the pressing portion 40 upward, the test piece 19 is destroyed.

(Removal process)
The removal step is a step of removing the test piece 19 from the test device 10. In the removal step, as shown in FIG. 9, the locking member 72 located at the locking position is moved to the non-locking position, and then the holding plate 60 located at the holding position is shown as shown in FIG. To the release position. Then, the test piece 19 is removed from the test device 10. When there are a plurality of test pieces 19, the collection step, the holding step, the pressing step, and the removing step are repeated to deform the plurality of test pieces 19.

(Judgment process)
The determination step is a step of determining the degree of deterioration of the test object based on the deformed form of the test piece 19. Specifically, in the present embodiment, the degree of deterioration of the test object is determined based on the fractured form of the test piece 19 destroyed by the pressing of the pressing portion 40.

The fractured forms of the test piece 19 are classified into the forms shown in FIGS. 11, 12, and 13, that is, three forms. FIG. 11 shows the fracture mode of the test piece 19 when the degree of deterioration of the test object is “small”. FIG. 12 shows the fracture mode of the test piece 19 when the degree of deterioration of the test object is “medium”. FIG. 13 shows the fracture mode of the test piece 19 when the degree of deterioration of the test object is “large”. In addition, (D) of each figure is a plan view of the test piece 19 shown in (C).

As shown in FIG. 11, the test piece 19 (see (A)) mainly extends upward when pressed by the pressing portion 40 when the degree of deterioration is “small”, and extends laterally (front and back). The elongation is small in the direction (direction and left-right direction) (see (B)). That is, when the deterioration of the test piece 19 is small, the uniaxial elongation in the upward direction causes the dominant deformation. Further, as the pressing by the pressing portion 40 progresses, the upper part of the cylindrical portion is cut off, and the cone-shaped fracture in the circumferential direction as if the lid is opened occurs (see (C) and (D)).

As shown in FIG. 12, the test piece 19 (see (A)) has an upward extension when pressed by the pressing portion 40 when the degree of deterioration is “medium”, as shown in FIG. It is smaller than the above and deforms so as to spread not only upward but also laterally (front-back and left-right directions) (see (B)). Further, as the pressing by the pressing portion 40 progresses, the shallow cracks generated on the surface of the test piece 19 cause fractures such as tearing in the radial direction from the apex before shifting to the upward uniaxial elongation deformation ((C) (). D) See).

As shown in FIG. 13, the test piece 19 (see (A)) has an upward extension when pressed by the pressing portion 40 when the degree of deterioration is “large”, as shown in FIG. It is smaller than the above and deforms so as to spread not only upward but also laterally (front-back and left-right directions) (see (B)). Further, as the pressing by the pressing portion 40 progresses, the cracks generated on the surface of the test piece 19 are broken so as to be crumbled (see (C) and (D)).

Then, in the present embodiment, the test piece 19 destroyed by the pressing of the pressing portion 40 is visually observed, and it is determined whether the destroyed form of the test piece 19 is any of FIGS. 11, 12, and 13. Determine the degree of deterioration of the test object.

Here, the test object deteriorates with the passage of time, and as shown in FIG. 14, the fracture morphology changes with the lapse of time, the morphology of FIG. 11, the morphology of FIG. 12, and the morphology of FIG. It changes in the order of. In addition, the region where the form of FIG. 11 and the form of FIG. 12 coexist (the region between t1-t2) and the region where the form of FIG. 12 and the form of FIG. 13 coexist (the region between t3-t4) are exist.

In the present embodiment, when the fracture form of the test piece 19 is the form shown in FIG. 11, it is determined that the test object is sound, and when the form is the form shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, the test object has a life. It is judged that the test object needs to be replaced.

In the region between t1 and t2 in FIG. 14, if it is determined to have the form shown in FIG. 11, it is determined to be sound, and if it is determined to have the form shown in FIG. 12, it is determined that replacement is necessary. The region between t1 and t2 in FIG. 14 is a region that serves as a reference (boundary) for determining the life.

In the present embodiment, the test piece 19 is destroyed, but the test piece 19 may not be deformed until the test piece 19 is destroyed, and the deterioration of the test object may be determined from the deformed form (deformed state) of the test piece 19. ..

(Action and effect according to the first embodiment)
Next, the action and effect according to the first embodiment will be described.

According to the test apparatus 10 according to the first embodiment, as described above, the pressing unit 40 is moved from the retracted position to the pressing position by the manual operation of the operator with respect to the operation units 82 and 83. As a result, the spherical surface 44A of the pressing portion 40 presses the test device 10 held by the holding portion 15. Then, the operator observes the fractured form of the test piece 19 destroyed by the pressing of the spherical surface 44A of the pressing portion 40 to determine the degree of deterioration of the test object.

As described above, in the test apparatus 10, the pressing unit 40 is moved from the retracted position to the pressing position by the manual operation of the operation unit 82 and 83 by the operator, so that a power supply for operating the pressing unit 40 becomes unnecessary. .. Further, since the operator observes the fractured form of the test piece 19 destroyed by pressing the spherical surface 44A of the pressing portion 40 to determine the degree of deterioration of the test piece 19, the displacement of the pressing portion 40 and the test piece 19 is determined. There is no need for a measuring device to measure accurately. By eliminating the need for a power supply and a measuring device in this way, the test device 10 can be downsized.

As described above, according to the configuration of the present embodiment, the test apparatus 10 can be miniaturized and a power supply is not required, so that the test can be performed at the site where the test piece 19 is collected.

Further, according to the test apparatus 10, the second arm 20 is operated by the operator manually in the direction in which the right portions 26, 36 of the first arm 30 and the second arm 20 approach each other. The pressing portion 40 is moved from the retracted position to the pressing position via the fixing portion 22B of the above. As described above, according to the test apparatus 10, the operation units 82 and 83 provided on the right portions 26 and 36 of the first arm 30 and the second arm 20 are operated to operate the left portion 32 of the second arm 20. Since the pressing portion 40 is moved via the fixing portion 22B in the above, the pressing portion 40 can be operated by using a lever.

Further, according to the test apparatus 10, the distance A from the rotation center S1 of the first arm 30 to the operation units 82 and 83 is longer than the distance B from the rotation center S1 to the holding unit 15, and the second arm 20 has. The distance C from the rotation center S1 to the operation units 82 and 83 is longer than the distance D from the rotation center S1 to the fixed unit 22B. Therefore, the pressing force (load) on the test piece 19 with respect to the input to the operation units 82 and 83 can be increased as compared with the configuration in which the distance A and the distance B are equal and the distance C and the distance D are equal. Therefore, the load required for the test can be obtained with a light operating force.

Further, according to the test apparatus 10, the intermediate portions 24, 34 between the first arm 30 and the second arm 20 are connected to each other via the rotary damper 18. Therefore, the test piece 19 can be pressed more gently than in the configuration in which the intermediate portions 24 and 34 between the first arm 30 and the second arm 20 are directly connected to each other without using the rotary damper 18. As a result, the fractured form tends to be formed according to the deterioration of the test object. That is, for example, even though the deterioration of the test object has not progressed, it is possible to suppress the impact of the pressing portion 40 on the test piece 19 from the fracture form shown in FIGS. 12 and 13.

Further, according to the test apparatus 10, the holding plate 60 is rotatably supported by the first arm 30 between the holding position shown in FIG. 3 and the releasing position shown by the solid line in FIG. Therefore, by rotating the holding plate 60 between the holding position and the releasing position, the test piece 19 can be held and the holding can be released.

Further, according to the test device 10, since the locking mechanism 70 locks the holding plate 60 at the holding position, it is possible to prevent the holding plate 60 located at the holding position from moving to the release position.

Further, according to the test device 10, the compression spring 17 urges the holding plate 60 from the holding position toward the releasing position. Therefore, when the locking by the locking mechanism 70 is released, the holding plate 60 is held in the holding position. Easy to move from to the release position.

Further, according to the test apparatus 10, since the holder 50 is detachably provided on the left portion 32 of the first arm 30, the holder 50 can be replaced.

Further, according to the test apparatus 10, as shown in FIG. 6, by using the holders 50 having different thicknesses of the flange portions 54, the dimensions of the gap 59 along the vertical direction can be changed. Therefore, the dimension of the gap 59 can be changed according to the thickness of the test piece 19.

Further, according to the test apparatus 10, by manually operating the operation units 82 and 83 by the operator, the pressing plate 60 can be integrally moved between the retracted position and the pressing position with the fixing unit 22B. There is. Therefore, the pressing portion 40 can be moved from the retracted position to the pressed position and returned from the pressed position to the retracted position by a manual operation by the operator.

<< Second Embodiment >>
Next, the test apparatus 200 according to the second embodiment will be described. FIG. 15 is a side view showing a schematic configuration of the test apparatus according to the second embodiment. FIG. 16 is a side view showing a part of the configuration of the test apparatus of FIG. 15 in cross section. The same parts as those in the first embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will be omitted as appropriate.

In the test apparatus 10 of the first embodiment, the pressing portion 40 is provided on the second arm 20, but in the test apparatus 200 of the second embodiment, the pressing portion 40 is arranged with respect to the first arm 30. , Separated from the second arm 20.

The holding plate 60 provided on the first arm 30 is provided with a bearing 210 that supports the pressing portion 40 so as to be movable in the vertical direction. Specifically, the bearing 210 is attached to the holding plate 60 by screwing or the like, and is detachably provided to the holding plate 60. The bearing 210 is an example of a bearing within the scope of the claims. Further, the upward direction is an example of the pressing direction in the claims.

Specifically, the bearing 210 supports the rod 42 of the pressing portion 40 so as to be movable between the retracted position shown in FIG. 15 and the pressing position shown by the solid line in FIG. The position of the pressing portion 40 shown by the alternate long and short dash line in FIG. 16 is the retracted position. Further, in FIG. 16, the second arm 20 indicated by the alternate long and short dash line indicates the second arm 20 that has started contact with the pressing portion 40 located at the retracted position.

The pressing portion 40 is located at the retracted position due to its own weight. Further, the sphere 44 of the pressing portion 40 comes into contact with the bearing 210 so that the pressing portion 40 does not fall off from the bearing 210. The pressing portion 40 may be configured to be urged to the retracted position by an urging portion such as a compression spring. Further, a stopper as a limiting portion for restricting the movement of the pressing portion 40 may be provided so that the pressing portion 40 does not fall off from the bearing 210.

Further, in the test apparatus 200, the upper surface 22A of the left portion 22 of the second arm 20 is provided with a contact portion 220 that abuts on the lower end surface of the rod 42 of the pressing portion 40 instead of the fixing portion 22B. The contact portion 220 is an example of a transmission portion within the scope of claims.

The contact portion 220 is formed in a convex shape protruding upward. Specifically, the contact portion 220 is formed in a hemispherical shape. Even if the lower end portion of the rod 42 is formed with an overhanging portion (flange portion) extending outward in the radial direction in order to widen the range in which the contact portion 220 can contact the lower end portion of the rod 42. good. In the present embodiment, the contact portion 220 is formed in a hemispherical shape, but the contact portion 220 is not limited to this. As the shape of the contact portion 220, for example, a shape having a flat surface may be used, or a shape other than a hemispherical shape may be used.

Then, in the test apparatus 200, the operation units 82 and 83 move the pressing unit 40 from the retracted position indicated by the alternate long and short dash line to the pressing position indicated by the solid line, as shown in FIG. Move. Specifically, when the operation units 82 and 83 are manually operated by the operator in the direction in which the right portions 26 and 36 approach each other (X1 direction in the figure), the operation units 82 and 83 are operated via the contact portion 220 of the second arm 20. The pressing portion 40 is moved from the retracted position to the pressing position. More specifically, when the operation units 82 and 83 are manually operated by the operator, the contact unit 220 pushes the pressing unit 40 and moves the pressing unit 40 from the retracted position to the pressing position.

Therefore, the pressing portion 40 can be moved in a trajectory different from the trajectory of the second arm 20. Specifically, in the present embodiment, the second arm 20 moves in an arcuate orbit, while the pressing portion 40 moves in a straight line along the vertical direction. As a result, it is possible to prevent the pressing portion 40 from tilting the test piece 19 and biasing the pressure.

Further, according to the test apparatus 200, since the rod 42 of the pressing portion 40 is supported by the bearing 210, the pressing portion 40 can be smoothly moved.

The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and various modifications, changes, and improvements can be made without departing from the gist thereof. For example, the above-mentioned modified examples may be configured by combining a plurality of them as appropriate.

10 Test device 15 Holding part 17 Compression spring (an example of urging part)
18 Rotary damper 19 Test piece 20 Second arm 22 Left part (an example of one end side part)
22B Fixed part (example of transmission part)
24 Intermediate part 26 Right part (an example of the other end side part)
30 First arm 32 left part (an example of one end side part)
34 Intermediate part 36 Right part (an example of the other end side part)
40 Pressing part 42 Rod 44A Spherical surface 50 Holder (an example of the first holding part)
54 Flange part (example of facing part)
59 Gap 60 Holding plate (an example of the second holding part)
70 Locking mechanism 82 Operation unit 83 Operation unit 200 Test device 210 Bearing 220 Contact unit (example of transmission unit)
S1 center of rotation

Claims (12)

A holding part that holds the test piece,
A pressing portion having a spherical surface and movable to a pressing position where the spherical surface presses the test piece held by the holding portion and a retracting position where the spherical surface retracts from the test piece.
An operation unit that moves the pressing unit from the retracted position to the pressing position by manual operation by the operator.
A test device equipped with. The first arm provided with the holding portion on one end side with respect to the intermediate portion, and
A second arm having a transmission portion for transmitting a moving force to the pressing portion at one end side portion with respect to the intermediate portion, and the intermediate portion rotatably connected to the intermediate portion of the first arm.
Equipped with
The operation unit is
It is provided on the other end side portion of the first arm with respect to the intermediate portion and the other end side portion of the second arm with respect to the intermediate portion, and is manually operated by the operator in a direction in which the other end side portions approach each other. The test apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the pressing portion is moved from the retracted position to the pressing position via the transmission portion of the second arm. In the first arm, the distance from the rotation center of the intermediate portion to the operation portion is longer than the distance from the rotation center to the holding portion.
The test apparatus according to claim 2, wherein in the second arm, the distance from the rotation center of the intermediate portion to the operation portion is longer than the distance from the rotation center to the transmission portion. The test apparatus according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the intermediate portion of the first arm and the intermediate portion of the second arm are connected via a rotary damper. The holding part is
A first holding portion provided on the one end side portion of the first arm,
Rotate between the holding position where the test piece is held by sandwiching the peripheral edge portion of the test piece with the first holding portion and the release position where the holding of the test piece is released by moving away from the first holding portion. With the second holding part supported by the first arm,
The test apparatus according to any one of claims 2 to 4. The holding part is
The test apparatus according to claim 5, further comprising a locking mechanism for locking the second holding portion at the holding position. The holding part is
The test apparatus according to claim 6, further comprising an urging portion that urges the second holding portion from the holding position toward the release position. The test apparatus according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the first holding portion is detachably provided on the one end side portion of the first arm. The first pinching portion is
It has an opposing portion that faces the second sandwiching portion and forms a gap between the second sandwiching portion and the test piece.
The test apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the dimensions of the gap along the facing direction can be changed by using the first holding portion having different dimensions along the facing direction of the facing portion. The pressing part is
Attached to the transmission part of the second arm
According to any one of claims 2 to 9, the operation unit is manually operated by the operator so that the operation unit can be moved integrally with the transmission unit between the retracted position and the pressing position. The test equipment described. The pressing part is
Placed on the first arm
The operation unit is
By being manually operated by the operator in a direction in which the other end portions approach each other, the transmission portion of the second arm pushes the pressing portion and moves the pressing portion from the retracted position to the pressing position. The test apparatus according to any one of claims 2 to 9. The pressing portion has a rod extending to the holding portion and has a rod.
The test apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the holding portion is provided with a bearing that supports the rod so as to be movable in the pressing direction.

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