JP2020060038A - Exterior structure - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide an exterior structure which can reduce maintenance frequency and can be made compact.SOLUTION: An exterior structure 1 that covers a surface 101 of a structure 100 comprises a plurality of laminated bodies 5 having an inner layer member 10 attached to the surface 101 of the structure 100 and made of an elastic material, and an outer layer member 20 integrally laminated on the inner layer member 10 so as to restrain an outer surface 13 of the inner layer member 10 and having a larger elastic coefficient than the inner layer member 10. The plurality of laminated bodies 5 are arranged along the surface 101 of the structure 100, and the side surfaces 12 of the inner layer member 10 of the laminated bodies 5 adjacent to each other are in contact with each other.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to an exterior structure.

  As a shock absorbing member (exterior structure) provided on the surface of the structure, one using a soft material such as rubber is known. Such an impact absorbing member absorbs the impact energy by converting the impact energy into the deformation energy (strain energy) of the impact absorbing member itself.

  Further, Patent Document 1 discloses a shock absorbing composite material structure that absorbs the shock by self-destructing when the shock is applied.

JP, 2004-324814, A

However, the shock absorbing composite material structure of Patent Document 1 cannot be repeatedly used due to the mechanism of absorbing the shock by self-destruction, and the maintenance frequency increases.
Further, when the impact absorbing member using rubber is adopted, it is necessary to use a softer material and to make it thicker in order to absorb the impact energy, which leads to an increase in the arrangement space of the impact absorbing member itself.

  The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide an exterior structure that can reduce the frequency of maintenance and can be made compact.

The present invention adopts the following means in order to solve the above problems.
That is, an exterior structure according to an aspect of the present invention is an exterior structure that covers a surface of a structure, and an inner layer member that is attached to the surface of the structure and is made of an elastic material, and an outer surface of the inner layer member is constrained. As described above, a plurality of laminated bodies having an outer layer member that is integrally laminated to the inner layer member and has a larger elastic coefficient than the inner layer member is provided, and the plurality of laminated bodies are arranged along the surface of the structure. Are arranged, and the side surfaces of the inner layer members of the stacked bodies adjacent to each other are in contact with each other.

When an impact is applied to the laminate from the outside, the inner layer member absorbs impact energy while being compressed and deformed in the laminating direction. In this aspect, since the outer layer member is integrally laminated so as to restrain the outer surface of the inner layer member, the inner layer member is apparently restrained from the side surface (the surface facing the direction orthogonal to the stacking direction). As a result, the inner layer member is suppressed in compressive deformation by the amount of the restraining force from the side surface, as compared with the case where the inner layer member alone receives an impact. That is, the energy required to suppress the compressive deformation due to the binding force is added as the impact absorption energy. Therefore, it is possible to secure the shock absorbing performance while suppressing the thickness of the inner layer member.
Here, if the inner layer member is excessively deformed by impact, the side surfaces of the adjacent inner layer members are brought into close contact with each other due to the deformation. Therefore, there is no room for these side surfaces to rub against each other. On the other hand, in this aspect, since the deformation of the inner layer member is suppressed by the outer layer member, the deformation of the inner member is suppressed to a contact state in which adjacent inner layer members rub against each other even when a shock is exerted. . Therefore, the impact energy can be dissipated as friction energy by friction between the inner layer members.

  The above aspect may further include a stat bolt that penetrates the laminated body in the laminating direction of the inner layer member and the outer layer member to fix the laminated body on the surface of the structure.

This can prevent the laminated body from coming off the surface of the structure even when impact energy is applied to the laminated body.
Furthermore, since the deformation of the inner layer member can also be suppressed by the stat bolt, friction can be appropriately expressed between the adjacent inner layer members.

  In the above aspect, a hollow portion may be formed in the inner layer member.

The inner layer member needs to be individually designed with compressive rigidity so as to exhibit an appropriate shock absorbing performance with respect to a target shock energy. By forming a hollow portion in the inner layer member to appropriately set the compression rigidity of the inner layer member, it is possible to impart appropriate shock absorbing performance without changing the thickness of the inner layer member.
When the impact energy is applied, the hollow portions are crushed, so that the inner surfaces of the hollow portions contact each other. The friction energy at this time can also dissipate the impact energy.

  In the above aspect, the outer surface of the inner layer member has an uneven shape, the inner surface of the outer layer member has an uneven shape corresponding to the inner layer member, and between the outer surface of the inner layer member and the inner surface of the outer layer member. It may further include an adhesive layer interposed therebetween.

  As a result, the inner layer member and the outer layer member can be integrated with higher strength, and as a result, the constraint force of the inner layer member by the outer layer member can be improved. Therefore, it is possible to appropriately absorb the impact energy while further suppressing the deformation of the inner layer member.

  According to the exterior structure of the present invention, the frequency of maintenance can be suppressed and the size can be reduced.

It is a longitudinal section of an exterior structure concerning an embodiment. It is a top view of the exterior structure concerning an embodiment. It is a figure explaining the shock absorption mechanism of the layered product single in the exterior structure concerning an embodiment. It is a figure explaining the shock absorption mechanism by friction between the laminated bodies of the exterior structure which concerns on embodiment. It is a longitudinal section of a layered product of the exterior structure concerning the first modification of an embodiment. It is a longitudinal section of an important section of a layered product of the exterior structure concerning the second modification of an embodiment.

<Exterior structure according to the embodiment>
Hereinafter, the exterior structure 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4.
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the exterior structure 1 is provided on a surface 101 of a structure 100 to be protected from an external impact. The exterior structure 1 absorbs impact energy on the surface 101 of the structure 100. The structure 100 may be provided in the air or may be provided in the water. Hereinafter, a state in which the surface 101 of the structure 100 is along the horizontal plane will be described. However, the surface 101 of the structure 100 may be along the vertical direction or is in a state of being inclined with respect to the horizontal plane. Good.
The exterior structure 1 has a plurality of laminated bodies 5 and a plurality of stat bolts 30.

<Laminate>
The plurality of laminated bodies 5 are arranged in a matrix in two directions along the surface 101 of the structure 100 and intersecting each other. In the present embodiment, a plurality of laminated bodies 5 are sequentially provided so as to cover the surface 101 of the structure 100. The plurality of laminated bodies 5 may be arranged in any arrangement as long as the arrangement can cover the surface 101 of the structure 100 to be protected by these laminated bodies 5.
Each laminated body 5 has an inner layer member 10 and an outer layer member 20 laminated on the side of the inner layer member 10 opposite to the structure 100. In the following, in the stacking direction of the inner layer member 10 and the outer layer member 20, the structure side is referred to as the inner side, and the side separated from the surface of the structure is referred to as the outer side.
<Inner layer member>
The inner layer member 10 is formed of an elastic material such as rubber. The inner layer member 10 is attached so as to contact the surface 101 of the structure 100. The surface of the inner layer member 10 that contacts the surface 101 of the structural member is the inner surface 11. The surface of the inner layer member 10 that faces away from the inner surface 11 is an outer surface 13. The inner surface 11 and the outer surface 13 of the inner layer member 10 are each flat and arranged in parallel with each other. The inner surface 11 of the inner layer member 10 is in close contact with the surface 101 of the structure 100 over the entire area of the inner surface 11.

  The inner surface 11 and the outer surface 13 of the inner layer member 10 are connected by a side surface 12. The side surface 12 of the inner layer member 10 has an inner end connected to the outer edge of the inner surface 11 and an outer end connected to the inner edge of the outer surface 13. The side surface 12 of the inner layer member 10 has a curved surface shape in which a central portion in the stacking direction of the inner layer member 10 and the outer layer member 20 bulges outward of the side surface 12.

<Outer layer member>
The outer layer member 20 is formed of a material having a larger elastic coefficient than the inner layer member 10. The outer layer member 20 is made of, for example, steel or high-rigidity rubber. The outer layer member 20 has a plate shape with the stacking direction being the plate thickness direction, and the thickness of the outer layer member 20 is sufficiently smaller than the thickness of the inner layer member 10. The outer layer member 20 has a rectangular shape when viewed from the stacking direction. The inner surface 21 facing the inner side and the outer surface 22 facing the outer side of the outer layer member 20 are each formed in a flat shape and parallel to each other. The inner surface 21 of the outer layer member 20 is in close contact with the entire outer surface 13 of the inner layer member 10. An adhesive or the like is interposed between the inner surface 21 of the outer layer member 20 and the outer surface 13 of the inner layer member 10. As a result, the entire area of the outer surface 13 of the inner layer member 10 is constrained by the inner surface 21 of the outer layer member 20. Therefore, the outer surface 13 of the inner layer member 10 cannot be deformed according to the shape of the inner surface 21 of the outer layer member 20.

  The laminated body 5 including the inner layer member 10 and the outer layer member 20 is arranged on the surface 101 of the structure 100, and the side surfaces 12 of the inner layer members 10 of the adjacent laminated bodies 5 are in contact with each other. . In this embodiment, the central portions of the side surfaces 12 of the adjacent inner layer members 10 in the stacking direction are in contact with each other. Further, in the state where the stacked body 5 is arranged on the surface 101 of the structure 100, a gap is formed between the adjacent outer layer members 20. That is, in the adjacent laminated bodies 5, the inner layer members 10 are in contact with each other, but the outer layer members 20 are not in contact with each other.

<Stat bolt>
The stat bolt 30 fixes the laminated body 5 to the surface 101 of the structure 100. The stat bolt 30 has a bolt body 31 and a nut 32.
The bolt body 31 has a shaft shape extending in the stacking direction. The bolt body 31 penetrates the outer layer member 20 and the inner layer member 10 in the stacking direction. The inner end of the bolt body 31 is fastened to a bolt fixing hole 102 formed in the structure 100.

  The nut 32 is fastened to the outer end of the bolt body 31. The nut 32 is in contact with the outer surface 22 of the outer layer member 20. By tightening the nut 32, the laminated body 5 is firmly fixed to the surface 101 of the structure 100. In this embodiment, the stat bolts 30 are provided at the four corners of the outer layer member 20, which has a rectangular shape when viewed from the stacking direction.

<Effect>
When impact energy is applied from the outside of the outer layer member 20, an external force Fe acts on the outer surface 22 of the outer layer member 20 in each laminated body 5, as shown in the left diagram of FIG. 3. The external force Fe is dispersed by the outer layer member 20 in the plate surface direction of the outer layer member 20. As a result, the external force Fe acts so as to be dispersed over the entire area of the outer surface 13 of the inner layer member 10.

  When the external force Fe is applied to the outer surface 13 of the inner layer member 10, the inner layer member 10 is deformed so as to contract in the stacking direction due to elasticity. That is, the inner layer member 10 is compressed and deformed so as to be crushed by a predetermined displacement D toward the inside. Part of the impact energy is absorbed by the stress S of the inner layer member 10 caused by this compressive deformation.

  Here, in this embodiment, the outer layer member 20 is integrally laminated so as to restrain the outer surface 13 of the inner layer member 10. Therefore, the inner layer member 10 is apparently restrained from the outside of the side surface 12 in the entire region of the side surface 12. In this state, the side surface 12 of the inner layer member 10 is in a state in which the restraining force Fr acts from the outside to the inside.

As a result, the inner layer member 10 is restrained from being compressed and deformed by the restraining force Fr from the side surface 12 as compared with the case where the inner layer member 10 alone receives an impact without the outer layer member 20.
As described above, in this embodiment, the energy required to suppress the compressive deformation based on the restraining force Fr is added as the impact absorption energy. Therefore, the shock absorbing performance can be secured without increasing the thickness of the inner layer member 10 excessively.

  Further, by providing the hard outer layer member 20 on the outer surface 13 of the soft inner layer member 10, when the impact load is applied, the inner layer member 10 is not entirely locally deformed, but the entire inner layer member 10 is deformed. It will be. This makes it possible to absorb the shock more appropriately.

Here, if the inner layer member 10 is excessively deformed by impact, the side surfaces 12 of the inner layer members 10 adjacent to each other due to the deformation adhere to each other while exerting pressure on each other. Therefore, there is no room for these side surfaces 12 to rub against each other.
On the other hand, in this embodiment, as a result of the displacement D of the inner layer member 10 being suppressed by the restraining force Fr of the side surface 12 by the outer layer member 20, the amount of bulging of the side surface 12 of the inner layer member 10 can also be suppressed. Therefore, even when an impact is applied from the outside, the compressive deformation of the inner layer member 10 is suppressed to a contact state in which adjacent inner layer members 10 rub each other.

  Therefore, as shown in FIG. 4, a frictional force can be generated between the side surfaces 12 of the inner layer members 10 adjacent to each other, and the impact energy can be dissipated as frictional energy. Therefore, the impact energy can be absorbed more effectively. As a result, the thickness of the inner layer member 10 can be further suppressed, and the outer layer member 20 having a compact structure can be realized.

  Further, in the present embodiment, since the laminated body 5 is fixed to the surface 101 of the structure 100 by the stat bolt 30, the laminated body 5 has a structure even when impact energy is applied to the laminated body 5. It is possible to prevent the object 100 from coming off the surface 101.

  Further, since the stat bolt 30 penetrates the inner layer member 10, the stat bolt 30 prevents the inner layer member 10 from being deformed. That is, since the stat bolt 30 can suppress the deformation of the inner layer member 10, it is possible to appropriately generate friction between the adjacent inner layer members 10.

<Modification>
Although the embodiment of the present invention has been described above, the present invention is not limited to this, and can be appropriately modified without departing from the technical idea of the invention.

  For example, as a first modified example of the embodiment, as shown in FIG. 5, a hollow portion 41 may be formed in the inner layer member 40 having the same configuration as the inner layer member 10 of the embodiment. A plurality of hollow portions 41 are formed dispersed inside the inner layer member 40. The hollow portion 41 may have a similar shape and may be regularly formed, or may be irregularly formed. Further, the shapes of the plurality of hollow portions 41 may be different. Further, a fine hole formed by forming the inner layer member 40 into a porous shape may be the hollow portion 41.

Here, it is preferable that the inner layer member 40 be individually set with the compression rigidity so as to exhibit an appropriate shock absorbing performance with respect to the target shock energy. By forming the hollow portion 41 in the inner layer member 40, the compression rigidity of the inner layer member 10 can be appropriately changed. This makes it possible to impart appropriate shock absorbing performance without changing the thickness of the inner layer member 10.
When the impact energy is applied, the hollow portions 41 are crushed so that the inner surfaces of the hollow portions 41 contact each other. The friction energy at this time can also dissipate the impact energy.

  Further, for example, as a second modified example of the embodiment, as shown in FIG. 6, an outer surface 51 having an uneven shape is formed on the inner layer member 50, and the outer layer member 60 has an uneven surface corresponding to the shape of the outer surface 51 of the inner layer member 10. The inner surface 61 having a shape may be formed, and the adhesive layer 70 may be interposed between the outer surface 51 and the inner surface 61.

  As a result, the inner layer member 50 and the outer layer member 60 can be integrated with higher strength, and as a result, the restraining force Fr of the inner layer member 50 by the outer layer member 60 can be improved. Therefore, it is possible to appropriately absorb the impact energy while further suppressing the deformation of the inner layer member 50.

  The material forming the inner layer members 10, 40, 50 can be appropriately selected in consideration of physical specifications such as water resistance and weather resistance of the rubber used. As a result, the exterior structure 1 can be used in a place other than the air column, such as in water or in oil.

  The inner layer members 10, 40, 50 and the outer layer members 20, 60 do not necessarily have to be in close contact with each other by an adhesive, but may be in close contact with each other by another method. The inner layer members 10, 40, 50 and the outer layer members 20, 60 may be welded, or may be mechanically fixed to be in close contact with each other.

1 Exterior structure 5 Laminated body 10 Inner layer member 11 Inner surface 12 Side surface 13 Outer surface 20 Outer layer member 21 Inner surface 22 Outer surface 30 Stat bolt 31 Bolt body 32 Nut 40 Inner layer member 41 Hollow part 50 Inner layer member 51 Outer surface 60 Outer layer member 61 Inner surface 70 Adhesive layer 100 Structure 101 Surface 102 Bolt fixing hole Fe External force D Displacement S Stress Fr Restraint force

Claims (4)

An exterior structure covering the surface of the structure,
An inner layer member attached to the surface of the structure and made of an elastic material, and an outer layer member integrally laminated with the inner layer member so as to constrain the outer surface of the inner layer member and having a larger elastic coefficient than the inner layer member. A plurality of laminates having
A plurality of the plurality of stacked bodies are arranged along the surface of the structure,
An exterior structure in which the side surfaces of the inner layer members in the stacked bodies adjacent to each other are in contact with each other.   The exterior structure according to claim 1, further comprising a stat bolt that penetrates the stacked body in a stacking direction of the inner layer member and the outer layer member to fix the stacked body on a surface of the structure.   The exterior structure according to claim 1, wherein a hollow portion is formed in the inner layer member. The outer surface of the inner layer member has an uneven shape,
The inner surface of the outer layer member has an uneven shape corresponding to the inner layer member,
The exterior structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising an adhesive layer interposed between an outer surface of the inner layer member and an inner surface of the outer layer member.

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