JP2020051538A - High-pressure hydrogen storage tank for fuel cell vehicle and method of manufacturing the same - Google Patents
High-pressure hydrogen storage tank for fuel cell vehicle and method of manufacturing the same Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、密閉可能なプラスチック製中空容器の外表面に炭素繊維強化複合材料からなる補強層を備えた燃料電池車搭載用高圧水素貯蔵用タンクおよびその製造方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a high-pressure hydrogen storage tank for a fuel cell vehicle equipped with a reinforcing layer made of a carbon fiber reinforced composite material on the outer surface of a sealable plastic hollow container and a method of manufacturing the same.
近年、世界的に温暖化対策が喫緊の課題となっており、自動車を中心とした輸送機器の化石エネルギー消費削減に向けた解決策の一つとして、水素をエネルギー源として利用する燃料電池を搭載した車両が実用化されている。 In recent years, global warming countermeasures have become an urgent issue, and a fuel cell that uses hydrogen as an energy source has been installed as one of the solutions to reduce fossil energy consumption of transportation equipment, mainly automobiles. Vehicles have been put to practical use.
燃料電池を用いて車両の動力源となる電気を生み出すためには、移動する車両内に水素を搭載することが必須となる。水素は高圧で圧縮すればするほど多量に搭載することが可能となり、車両の走行距離に大きな影響を与える。 In order to generate electricity as a power source of a vehicle using a fuel cell, it is essential to mount hydrogen in a moving vehicle. The more hydrogen is compressed at a high pressure, the more it can be mounted, which has a great effect on the mileage of the vehicle.
圧縮水素を貯蔵する車載用の高圧水素タンクは、車両の走行距離を延ばすためにできるだけ軽量な材料を用いることが望ましく、その構成は最内層にガスバリア性を有したプラスチック製中空容器(ライナー)を有し、その外表面を炭素繊維強化プラスチック(CFRP)で補強する手段が一般に採用されている。 It is desirable to use as light a material as possible for a vehicle-use high-pressure hydrogen tank that stores compressed hydrogen in order to extend the traveling distance of the vehicle. The structure is a plastic hollow container (liner) with gas barrier properties in the innermost layer. In general, means for reinforcing the outer surface with carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) has been adopted.
高圧水素を貯蔵するタンクにおいては、その安全性のために、タンクの破裂に至る最大圧力と繰返し充填の際に受ける繰返し疲労への耐性が求められ、特に繰返し疲労への耐性は、車載用の水素貯蔵タンクに求められる最も重要な特性である。 For high-pressure hydrogen storage tanks, for safety, the maximum pressure that causes the tank to burst and the resistance to repeated fatigue during repeated filling are required. This is the most important characteristic required for hydrogen storage tanks.
また、CFRPで補強された高圧水素タンクの製法としては、中空容器状に成形したライナーの周囲に樹脂および硬化剤等を含有する樹脂組成物を含浸させテープ状とした炭素繊維(CF)/樹脂組成物複合体を巻き付け、補強層を形成した後に樹脂組成物を加熱等の手段により硬化させCFRPタンクを製造する技術(フィラメントワインディング法)が知られている。炭素繊維は繊維方向の強度と剛性が高く、各種角度で巻き付けを行うことで、高圧水素充填時の内圧に耐え得る強度のタンクを形成することが可能となる。 As a method for producing a high-pressure hydrogen tank reinforced with CFRP, a tape-shaped carbon fiber (CF) / resin is impregnated with a resin composition containing a resin and a curing agent around a liner formed into a hollow container. A technique (filament winding method) of manufacturing a CFRP tank by winding a composition composite to form a reinforcing layer and then curing the resin composition by means such as heating is known. Carbon fibers have high strength and rigidity in the fiber direction, and can be wound at various angles to form a tank having a strength that can withstand the internal pressure during high-pressure hydrogen filling.
CFRPタンクを製造する技術としては、前述のフィラメントワインディング法において、炭素繊維束に硬化前の樹脂組成物を含浸しながら一気通貫でライナーに巻き付ける工法(ウェット工法)と、あらかじめ硬化前の樹脂組成物を炭素繊維束に含浸したテープ状のプリプレグ(トゥプリプレグ)を作成した後に、別工程においてトゥプリプレグをライナーに巻き付ける工法(ドライ工法)に大別される。 As a technique for manufacturing a CFRP tank, in the above-described filament winding method, a method in which a carbon fiber bundle is impregnated with a resin composition before curing and wound around a liner through a single pass (wet method), and a resin composition before curing is used. After preparing a tape-shaped prepreg (tuprepreg) in which an object is impregnated in a carbon fiber bundle, the method is roughly classified into a method (dry method) of winding the tuprepreg around a liner in another step.
ウエット工法は工程が一気通貫のため簡便ではあるが、含浸と巻き付けが一つの工程になるため、巻き付け速度変化により含浸する樹脂量が不安定になることに加え、大量生産を目的に巻き付け速度を上げると樹脂の含浸不良や樹脂の飛び散りが発生するという問題がある。ドライ工法では、トゥプリプレグを作成する工程とライナーに巻き付ける工程が分離しているため、ウエット工法の問題点は避けられ、一般的には大量生産には後者の工法が品質の安定性の観点から優れている。但し、その一方でトゥプリプレグの貯蔵の安定性が求められる。 The wet method is simple because the process is straight through, but the impregnation and winding are one process, so the amount of resin to be impregnated becomes unstable due to the change in winding speed, and the winding speed is increased for mass production. Raise the problem that resin impregnation failure and resin scattering occur. In the dry method, the process of creating the tuprepreg and the process of winding it around the liner are separated, so that the problems of the wet method can be avoided.In general, the latter method is not suitable for mass production from the viewpoint of quality stability. Are better. However, on the other hand, storage stability of tuprepreg is required.
高圧水素を貯蔵するCFRP製タンクを構成する材料については、例えば特許文献1には、補強繊維束内に局在させることなく熱硬化性樹脂に分散したエラストマー粒子及び/または熱可塑性樹脂微粒子を存在させることにより強度と耐熱性、ガス透過性を抑制した高圧ガスタンク、およびその製造方法が開示されている。本技術を用いるとマトリックス成分の破壊靭性値を高め、CFRPの強度を高めることにより、繰返し疲労に対する体制を向上させることが可能である一方で、本技術はウエット工法に対応したものであり、硬化剤として酸無水物が使用されており、ドライ工法においては、トゥプリプレグの冷凍保管、その後の解凍、また使用環境における水分の影響を受け、硬化物の品質安定性に欠けるため、大量生産においても品質安定性に優れるドライ工法に最適な材料が求められていた。
また、特許文献2には、補強繊維束に熱硬化性樹脂組成物を含浸させ、その表面近傍にエラストマー及び/または熱硬化性樹脂を偏在させたヤーンプリプレグを用いたガスボンベおよびその製造方法が開示されている。本技術も例示されている工法はウエット工法であり、ヤーンプリプレグの貯蔵安定性については何らの記載もない。
As for the material constituting the CFRP tank for storing high-pressure hydrogen, for example, Patent Document 1 discloses elastomer particles and / or thermoplastic resin particles dispersed in a thermosetting resin without being localized in a reinforcing fiber bundle. A high-pressure gas tank in which strength, heat resistance, and gas permeability are suppressed by performing the method, and a method for manufacturing the same are disclosed. By using this technology, it is possible to increase the fracture toughness value of the matrix component and increase the strength of CFRP, thereby improving the system against repeated fatigue.On the other hand, this technology is compatible with the wet construction method, An acid anhydride is used as an agent.In the dry method, tuprepregs are stored frozen, then thawed, and because of the effect of moisture in the use environment, the cured product lacks quality stability, so even in mass production. The most suitable material for the dry method with excellent quality stability was required.
Patent Literature 2 discloses a gas cylinder using a yarn prepreg in which a thermosetting resin composition is impregnated into a reinforcing fiber bundle and an elastomer and / or a thermosetting resin is unevenly distributed near the surface thereof, and a method for producing the same. Have been. The method in which the present technology is also exemplified is a wet method, and there is no description about the storage stability of the yarn prepreg.
本発明はこのような現状を鑑みてなされたものであり、トゥプリプレグを経由してフィラメントワインディング法(ドライ工法)で製造される高圧水素タンクおよびその製造方法を提供するものであり、トゥプリプレグの貯蔵、使用環境下での安定性を飛躍的に高め、生産性を向上させるとともに、繰返し疲労耐性を高めた車載用高圧水素貯蔵用タンクおよびその製造方法を提供するものである。 The present invention has been made in view of such a situation, and provides a high-pressure hydrogen tank manufactured by a filament winding method (dry method) via a tuprepreg and a method for manufacturing the same. An object of the present invention is to provide an in-vehicle high-pressure hydrogen storage tank and a method for manufacturing the same, in which stability under storage and use environments is dramatically improved, productivity is improved, and repeated fatigue resistance is enhanced.
上記課題を解決するため、本発明者らは鋭意研究を重ね、トゥプリプレグの貯蔵安定性を高めるためには、固体の潜在性硬化剤および硬化促進剤を使用すること、また繰返し疲労耐性を高めるためには粒子状のコア/シェル型ゴムを用い、エポキシ樹脂との高度な組み合わせにおいて初めてそれぞれの特性を両立できることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。 In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors have intensively studied and used a solid latent curing agent and a curing accelerator in order to enhance the storage stability of tuprepreg, and also improved the repeated fatigue resistance. For this purpose, they have found that, using a particulate core / shell type rubber, it is possible, for the first time, to achieve both of these characteristics in an advanced combination with an epoxy resin, and have completed the present invention.
すなわち、本発明は、密閉可能なプラスチック製の中空容器の外表面に補強層を備えた燃料電池車搭載用の高圧水素タンクであって、前記補強層は、前記中空容器の外表面に、樹脂組成物(A)と炭素繊維束(B)の重量比(A):(B)が20〜30:80〜70であるテープ状のプリプレグが巻き付けられて形成されたプリプレグ層を、140℃以上の温度で硬化させて形成した層であり、
前記熱硬化性樹脂組成物(A)は、下記成分(A−1)、(A−2)、(A−3)及び(A−4)の4成分を必須成分として含み、前記4成分の合計を100重量部としたとき、それぞれの配合比(重量比)が(A−1)/(A−2)/(A−3)/(A−4)として、80.0〜85.0/4.5〜5.5/2.5〜3.5/9.0〜11.0であること、かつ固体成分である(A−2)及び(A−3)が熱硬化性組成物中に分散され、25μm以上の凝集物又は固形分を含まないこと、
(A−1)液状ビスフェノールA型エポキシ樹脂20〜15重量部に対し、液状ビスフェノールF型エポキシ樹脂80〜85重量部から構成され、25℃における粘度が4000〜8000mPa・sである液状エポキシ樹脂
(A−2)ジシアンジアミド
(A−3)下記式(1)および/または(2)で表される硬化促進剤、
(A−4)粒子状のコアシェル型ゴム、及び、前記炭素繊維束(B)は、1万〜5万本の平均直径が5〜8μmである炭素繊維から構成されることを特徴とする高圧水素タンクである。
That is, the present invention is a high-pressure hydrogen tank for mounting on a fuel cell vehicle, which is provided with a reinforcing layer on the outer surface of a sealable plastic hollow container, wherein the reinforcing layer is formed of a resin on the outer surface of the hollow container. A prepreg layer formed by winding a tape-shaped prepreg having a weight ratio (A) :( B) of the composition (A) and the carbon fiber bundle (B) of 20 to 30:80 to 70 is formed at 140 ° C. or higher. It is a layer formed by curing at the temperature of
The thermosetting resin composition (A) contains the following components (A-1), (A-2), (A-3) and (A-4) as essential components. When the total is 100 parts by weight, the respective mixing ratios (weight ratios) are (A-1) / (A-2) / (A-3) / (A-4), and are 88.0 to 85.0. /4.5-5.5/2.5-3.5/9.0-11.0, and the solid components (A-2) and (A-3) are thermosetting compositions. Being dispersed therein and containing no aggregates or solids of 25 μm or more,
(A-1) A liquid bisphenol F type epoxy resin is composed of 80 to 85 parts by weight with respect to a liquid bisphenol A type epoxy resin of 20 to 15 parts by weight, and has a viscosity at 25 ° C of 4000 to 8000 mPa · s. A-2) Dicyandiamide (A-3) a curing accelerator represented by the following formula (1) and / or (2);
(A-4) High pressure wherein the particulate core-shell rubber and the carbon fiber bundle (B) are composed of 10,000 to 50,000 carbon fibers having an average diameter of 5 to 8 μm. It is a hydrogen tank.
また、本発明は、密閉可能なプラスチック製中空容器の外表面に補強層を備えた燃料電池車搭載用高圧水素タンクの製造方法であって、前記中空容器の外表面に、あらかじめ硬化前の熱硬化性樹脂組成物(A)が炭素繊維束(B)に、(A)20〜30重量%、(B)80〜70重量%の比率で含浸されたテープ状のプリプレグを巻き付けた後に、140℃以上の温度で硬化、固定化して補強層を形成し、前記補強層を構成する熱硬化性樹脂組成物(A)および炭素繊維束(B)が上記要件を満足することを特徴とする燃料電池車搭載用高圧水素タンクの製造方法である。 The present invention also relates to a method for producing a high-pressure hydrogen tank for mounting on a fuel cell vehicle, comprising a reinforcing layer provided on the outer surface of a sealable plastic hollow container. After the curable resin composition (A) is wound around the carbon fiber bundle (B) with a tape-shaped prepreg impregnated at a ratio of (A) 20 to 30% by weight and (B) 80 to 70% by weight, A fuel wherein the reinforcing layer is formed by curing and fixing at a temperature of not less than ℃, and the thermosetting resin composition (A) and the carbon fiber bundle (B) constituting the reinforcing layer satisfy the above requirements. This is a method for manufacturing a high-pressure hydrogen tank for mounting on a battery car.
本発明によれば、トゥプリプレグの貯蔵安定性を飛躍的に高め、冷凍、冷蔵等の特別な条件下での保管、管理を不要とすることができる。加えて、繰返し疲労耐性に優れた高圧水素タンクの大量生産の安定性に寄与する。 ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the storage stability of tuprepreg can be improved remarkably, and storage and management under special conditions, such as freezing and refrigeration, can be made unnecessary. In addition, it contributes to the stability of mass production of high-pressure hydrogen tanks having excellent fatigue resistance.
以下、本発明を詳細に説明する。
本明細書において、熱硬化性樹脂組成物(A)は、その構成要素としてエポキシ樹脂(A−1)、潜在性硬化剤(A−2)、硬化促進剤を(A−3)、補強材を(A−4)を必須成分として含む。また本発明の高圧水素タンクにおける補強層は熱硬化性樹脂組成物(A)と炭素繊維束(B)からなる。以下、熱硬化性樹脂組成物(A)、エポキシ樹脂(A−1)、潜在性硬化剤(A−2)、硬化促進剤(A−3)、補強材(A−4)、炭素繊維束(B)をそれぞれ(A)成分、(A−1)成分、(A−2)成分、(A−3)成分、(A−4)成分、(B)成分ともいう。また(A)成分を(B)成分に含浸させテープ状としたプリプレグをトゥプリプレグともいう。
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
In the present specification, the thermosetting resin composition (A) has epoxy resin (A-1), a latent curing agent (A-2), a curing accelerator (A-3) as a component, and a reinforcing material. (A-4) as an essential component. The reinforcing layer in the high-pressure hydrogen tank of the present invention comprises the thermosetting resin composition (A) and the carbon fiber bundle (B). Hereinafter, the thermosetting resin composition (A), the epoxy resin (A-1), the latent curing agent (A-2), the curing accelerator (A-3), the reinforcing material (A-4), and the carbon fiber bundle Component (B) is also referred to as component (A), component (A-1), component (A-2), component (A-3), component (A-4), and component (B), respectively. The prepreg formed into a tape by impregnating the component (A) with the component (B) is also called a tuprepreg.
まず、(A)成分の熱硬化性樹脂組成物について説明する。 First, the thermosetting resin composition of the component (A) will be described.
(A)成分を構成するエポキシ樹脂(A−1)は、液状ビスフェノールA型エポキシ樹脂および液状ビスフェノールF型エポキシ樹脂の両者を含有し、その混合比がビスフェノールA型エポキシ樹脂20〜15重量部、ビスフェノールF型エポキシ樹脂が80〜85重量部であり、25℃における粘度が4000mPa・s〜8000mPa・sである。
この粘度は、25℃におけるE型粘度計(コーンプレートタイプ)を使用して測定した粘度である。(A−1)成分の粘度が4000mPa・s未満であるとトゥプリプレグ生産時の通糸時や巻き取り時の液だれを起こしやすく、またフィラメントワインディング時に巻きずれ等があり好ましくない。8000mPa・sを超える場合、炭素繊維への含浸時に十分に含浸することができず、またフィラメントワインディング時にボイドが発生し易くなる。好ましくは4000mPa・s〜6000mPa・sである。
The epoxy resin (A-1) constituting the component (A) contains both a liquid bisphenol A type epoxy resin and a liquid bisphenol F type epoxy resin, and the mixing ratio thereof is 20 to 15 parts by weight of the bisphenol A type epoxy resin. The bisphenol F type epoxy resin is 80 to 85 parts by weight, and has a viscosity at 25 ° C of 4000 mPa · s to 8000 mPa · s.
This viscosity is a viscosity measured at 25 ° C. using an E-type viscometer (cone plate type). If the viscosity of the component (A-1) is less than 4000 mPa · s, dripping tends to occur at the time of threading or winding during production of tuprepreg, and undesired unwinding occurs at the time of filament winding. If it exceeds 8000 mPa · s, the carbon fiber cannot be sufficiently impregnated at the time of impregnation, and voids are easily generated at the time of filament winding. Preferably it is 4000 mPa · s to 6000 mPa · s.
(A)成分を構成する潜在性硬化剤(A−2)は、ジシアンジアミドである。ジシアンジアミドは熱分解温度が200℃以上である固形エポキシ樹脂硬化剤である。固形であることで、室温ではエポキシ樹脂にほとんど溶解しないが、100℃以上まで加熱すると溶解し、エポキシ基と反応するという特性を有することから、室温での保存安定性とコストに優れた潜在性硬化剤である。 The latent curing agent (A-2) constituting the component (A) is dicyandiamide. Dicyandiamide is a solid epoxy resin curing agent having a thermal decomposition temperature of 200 ° C. or higher. Being a solid, it hardly dissolves in epoxy resin at room temperature, but it dissolves when heated to 100 ° C or more, and has the property of reacting with epoxy groups, so its potential for storage stability at room temperature and excellent cost It is a curing agent.
(A)成分を構成する硬化促進剤(A−3)は、式(1)で表される2,4−ジアミノ−6−[2’−エチル−4’−メチルイミダゾリル−(1’)]−エチル−S−トリアジンイソシアヌル酸付加物および/または式(2)で表される2,4−ジアミノ−6−[2’−メチルイミダゾリル−(1’)]−エチル−s−トリアジンである。これらは1種または2種以上を組合せて用いても良い。固形であり安定性に優れる。 The curing accelerator (A-3) constituting the component (A) is 2,4-diamino-6- [2′-ethyl-4′-methylimidazolyl- (1 ′)] represented by the formula (1). -Ethyl-S-triazine isocyanuric acid adduct and / or 2,4-diamino-6- [2′-methylimidazolyl- (1 ′)]-ethyl-s-triazine represented by the formula (2). These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. It is solid and has excellent stability.
(A)成分を構成する補強材(A−4)は、架橋したエポキシ樹脂(A−1)に不溶のゴム粒子の表面を非ゴム成分で被覆したコアシェル構造を有するゴム粒子である。この場合、被覆する非ゴム成分はポリメタクリル酸メチルのようにエポキシ樹脂に溶解、あるいは膨潤するものでもよく、むしろ粒子のエポキシ樹脂中への分散が良好になるため好ましい。エポキシ樹脂不溶のコアシェル構造を有するゴム粒子を用いる利点は、樹脂硬化物の耐熱性への影響が小さいことである。 The reinforcing material (A-4) constituting the component (A) is a rubber particle having a core-shell structure in which the surface of a rubber particle insoluble in the crosslinked epoxy resin (A-1) is coated with a non-rubber component. In this case, the non-rubber component to be coated may be one which dissolves or swells in the epoxy resin like polymethyl methacrylate, and is more preferable because the particles can be well dispersed in the epoxy resin. An advantage of using rubber particles having a core-shell structure insoluble in an epoxy resin is that the effect on the heat resistance of the cured resin is small.
コアシェル型のゴム成分の添加には、靱性の向上効果に加えて、プリプレグのタック性の向上効果があり、平均粒子径が体積平均粒子径で1〜500nmであることが好ましく、3〜300nmであればさらに好ましい。 The addition of the core-shell type rubber component has the effect of improving the tackiness of the prepreg, in addition to the effect of improving the toughness, and the average particle diameter is preferably 1 to 500 nm in volume average particle diameter, preferably 3 to 300 nm. It is more preferable if there is.
(A)成分を構成する上記(A−1)から(A−4)成分の配合比は(A−1)/(A−2)/(A−3)/(A−4)=80.0〜85.0/4.5〜5.5/2.5〜3.5/9.0〜11.0(重量%、4成分の配合比合計が100重量%)であることが必要である。(A−2)成分、(A−3)成分の比率が上記から外れると硬化が不十分となったり、硬化物の耐熱性が低下したりする。(A−4)成分の比率が上記範囲以下の場合は疲労耐性に影響を与える破壊靭性値が低下し、上記範囲以上では剛性と耐熱性が低下する。 The mixing ratio of the components (A-1) to (A-4) constituting the component (A) is (A-1) / (A-2) / (A-3) / (A-4) = 80. 0 to 85.0 / 4.5 to 5.5 / 2.5 to 3.5 / 9.0 to 11.0 (weight%, the total mixing ratio of the four components must be 100 weight%). is there. If the ratio of the component (A-2) to the component (A-3) is out of the above range, the curing may be insufficient or the heat resistance of the cured product may be reduced. When the ratio of the component (A-4) is below the above range, the fracture toughness which affects the fatigue resistance decreases, and when it exceeds the above range, the rigidity and heat resistance decrease.
(A)成分は、構成する(A−1)から(A−4)の各成分を均一に混合することにより製造される。原料の混合は公知慣用の方法により混合できる。たとえば自転公転式遠心撹拌装置を用いてもよいし、ディスパーなどで分散してもよく、ロール分散を行ってもよい。他の方法でもよいし、これらを組み合わせてもよい。ただし、温度が高くなる場合は、硬化剤等が一部エポキシ樹脂中に溶解することがあり、貯蔵安定性が悪化することがあるため、混練温度は、50℃以下、好ましくは40℃以下の条件で混合することが良い。 The component (A) is produced by uniformly mixing the components (A-1) to (A-4). The raw materials can be mixed by a known and commonly used method. For example, a rotation revolving centrifugal stirrer may be used, dispersion may be performed by a disper, or roll dispersion may be performed. Other methods may be used, or these methods may be combined. However, when the temperature is high, the curing agent and the like may be partially dissolved in the epoxy resin, and the storage stability may be deteriorated. Therefore, the kneading temperature is 50 ° C or lower, preferably 40 ° C or lower. It is better to mix under conditions.
(A)成分は混合後に固体である(A−2)成分と(A−3)成分が凝集物を含んでいないことが必要である。凝集物は炭素繊維の直径の5倍以上になると、疲労特性に与える影響が大きくなるため、25μm以上の凝集物を含まないことが必要である。固体成分の凝集物は含まれているとタンクの常温圧力サイクル試験において判定基準回数を満たさなくなる。なお、(A−4)成分も固形であるが、ゴム粒子を予めエポキシ樹脂に分散したマスターバッチを使用することにより、組成物中に良好に分散される。 It is necessary that the component (A) and the component (A-3), which are solid after mixing, do not contain aggregates. When the size of the aggregate is 5 times or more the diameter of the carbon fiber, the influence on the fatigue characteristics is increased. If the solid component agglomerates are included, the criterial number of times will not be satisfied in the normal temperature pressure cycle test of the tank. The component (A-4) is also solid, but can be well dispersed in the composition by using a master batch in which rubber particles are dispersed in an epoxy resin in advance.
前記の(A)成分とともにトゥプリプレグを形成する炭素繊維束(B)は、炭素繊維の平均直径が5〜8μmであり、1万〜5万本の炭素繊維から構成されるものであればよい。恒長式番手でいえば、繊度500〜3000TEXのものがよい。炭素繊維束はたとえば、東レ株式会社製T700SC−12000−50C(直径7μm、密度1.8g/cm3、繊度802TEX)、東レ株式会社製T720SC−36000−50C(直径6μm、密度1.8g/cm3、繊度1650TEX)などが挙げられるが、本発明においてはこれらに限定されるものではない。 The carbon fiber bundle (B) which forms tuprepreg together with the component (A) has only to have an average diameter of carbon fibers of 5 to 8 μm and be composed of 10,000 to 50,000 carbon fibers. . Speaking of the constant-length type, those having a fineness of 500 to 3000 TEX are preferable. The carbon fiber bundle is, for example, T700SC-12000-50C (diameter 7 μm, density 1.8 g / cm3, fineness 802 TEX) manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc., T720SC-36000-50C (diameter 6 μm, density 1.8 g / cm3, manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc. Fineness 1650 TEX), but the present invention is not limited to these.
トゥプリプレグの製造方法は特に限定されない。例えば、加熱して低粘度化した(A)成分をロールや離型紙上にフィルム化し、次いで炭素繊維束(B)の片面、あるいは両面に転写したあと、屈曲ロールあるいは圧力ロールを通すことで加圧して含浸させる方法や、(A)成分を加熱により低粘度化し、通糸、開繊した(B)成分上に塗布させながら含浸、巻き取りを行う方法などで製造できる。 The method for producing tuprepreg is not particularly limited. For example, the component (A) whose viscosity has been reduced by heating is formed into a film on a roll or release paper, then transferred to one or both sides of the carbon fiber bundle (B), and then passed through a bending roll or a pressure roll. It can be produced by a method of impregnation by pressing or a method of impregnating and winding the component (A) while heating and lowering the viscosity of the component (A) while coating the component (B).
例えば、上記後者のトゥプリプレグの製法では、通糸速度と樹脂の塗布量のバランスを取ることにより、所望の樹脂量を含有したトゥプリプレグの製造が可能となる。 For example, in the latter method of producing a tuprepreg, by balancing the threading speed and the amount of resin applied, a tuprepreg containing a desired amount of resin can be produced.
トゥプリプレグ中の(A)成分と(B)成分の比率は、(A)20〜30重量%、(B)80〜70重量%の比率であることが必要である。(A)成分の比率が20重量%未満では熱硬化性樹脂組成物が炭素繊維空隙を十分に埋めることができないため、炭素繊維間において力の伝達が起こり難くなり、初期破裂試験の判定基準の圧力を下回る。30重量%を超えると炭素繊維空隙を埋めるには十分であるが、タンク形成時に同一巻き数では炭素繊維量が不足し、初期破裂試験値が低下するか、それを補うために巻き数を増加するとコストアップをまねき、加えて軽量化効果も失われる。 It is necessary that the ratio of the component (A) to the component (B) in the tuprepreg is (A) 20 to 30% by weight and (B) 80 to 70% by weight. When the proportion of the component (A) is less than 20% by weight, the thermosetting resin composition cannot sufficiently fill the carbon fiber voids, so that it is difficult for force to be transmitted between the carbon fibers, and as a criterion for the initial burst test. Under pressure. If it exceeds 30% by weight, it is enough to fill the carbon fiber voids, but if the number of turns is the same when forming the tank, the amount of carbon fibers will be insufficient, and the initial burst test value will decrease or the number of turns will increase to compensate for it. As a result, the cost is increased, and the effect of weight reduction is lost.
上記により得られたトゥプリプレグをフィラメントワインディング法により密閉可能なプラスチック製中空容器(ライナー)に巻き付ける。繊維強化プラスチック層は、フィラメントワインディング法(以下FW法)によって、トウプリプレグをライナーと口金に巻回されて形成されることが好ましい。ライナーへの巻き付け方法は公知のフープ巻、低角度、高角度のヘリカル巻き等を用いて巻回することが出来る。 The tuprepreg thus obtained is wound around a plastic hollow container (liner) that can be hermetically sealed by a filament winding method. The fiber reinforced plastic layer is preferably formed by winding a tow prepreg around a liner and a base by a filament winding method (hereinafter, FW method). The liner can be wound using a known hoop winding, low-angle, high-angle helical winding, or the like.
その後、140℃以上の温度で硬化、固定化することにより本発明の高圧水素タンクが得られる。硬化、固定化の温度が140℃未満では硬化時間が2時間以上必要となり、タンクの生産性が悪化する。硬化、固定化の温度の上限は、ライナーを構成するプラスチック材料の耐熱性により決定される。 Thereafter, the mixture is cured and fixed at a temperature of 140 ° C. or higher, whereby the high-pressure hydrogen tank of the present invention is obtained. If the curing and fixing temperature is lower than 140 ° C., the curing time is required to be 2 hours or more, and the productivity of the tank deteriorates. The upper limit of the curing and fixing temperatures is determined by the heat resistance of the plastic material constituting the liner.
以下、実施例により、本発明をさらに具体的に説明する。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples.
熱硬化性樹脂組成物(A)の原料は、以下のとおりである。
(A−1)成分
・液状ビスフェノールF型エポキシ樹脂:YDF−170(新日鉄住金化学株式会社製)
(エポキシ当量160〜180g/eq,粘度2000mPa・s〜5000mPa・s)
・液状ビスフェノールA型エポキシ樹脂:(A−4)成分のエポキシマスターバッチ
(A−2)成分
・ジシアンジアミド:DICYANEX1400F(AIRPRODUCT社製)
(A−3)成分
・2MZA−PW(四国化成工業製) 2,4−ジアミノ−6−[2’−エチル−4’−
メチルイミダゾリル−(1’)]−エチル−s−トリアジン
・2MAOK−PW(四国化成工業製) 2,4−ジアミノ−6−[2’−エチル−4’
−メチルイミダゾリル−(1’)]−エチル−s−トリアジンイソシアヌル酸付加物
(A−4)成分
・MX−154(株式会社カネカ製):エポキシマスターバッチ
(コアシェルゴム配合量40wt%、BPA型エポキシ樹脂配合量60wt%、平均粒径
100nm、株式会社カネカ製)
その他硬化剤(A−2’)成分
・ジエチルメチルベンゼンジアミン:エタキュア100(Albemarle社製、室温液状)
The raw materials of the thermosetting resin composition (A) are as follows.
(A-1) Component / Liquid bisphenol F type epoxy resin: YDF-170 (manufactured by Nippon Steel & Sumikin Chemical Co., Ltd.)
(Epoxy equivalent: 160 to 180 g / eq, viscosity: 2000 mPa · s to 5000 mPa · s)
-Liquid bisphenol A type epoxy resin: Epoxy masterbatch of component (A-4) (A-2) component-Dicyandiamide: DICYANEX1400F (manufactured by AIRPRODUCT)
(A-3) Component 2MZA-PW (manufactured by Shikoku Chemicals) 2,4-diamino-6- [2'-ethyl-4'-
Methylimidazolyl- (1 ′)]-ethyl-s-triazine.2MAOK-PW (manufactured by Shikoku Chemicals) 2,4-diamino-6- [2′-ethyl-4 ′
-Methylimidazolyl- (1 ′)]-ethyl-s-triazine isocyanuric acid adduct (A-4) component MX-154 (manufactured by Kaneka Corporation): epoxy masterbatch (compounding amount of core-shell rubber: 40 wt%, BPA type epoxy) Resin blending amount 60 wt%, average particle size 100 nm, manufactured by Kaneka Corporation)
Other curing agent (A-2 ′) component ・ Diethylmethylbenzenediamine: Etacure 100 (manufactured by Albemarle, liquid at room temperature)
トゥプリプレグを得るために炭素繊維束(B)としては、以下の原料を用いた。
・T720SC−36000−50C:東レ株式会社製(直径6μm、密度1.8g/cm3、本数36000、繊度1650TEX)
The following materials were used as the carbon fiber bundle (B) to obtain tuprepreg.
・ T720SC-36000-50C: manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc. (diameter 6 μm, density 1.8 g / cm 3 , number 36000, fineness 1650 TEX)
トゥプリプレグの作成
既知のトゥプリプレグ作製装置を用い、上記原料を配合して得られた(A)成分を炭素繊維束(B)に、(A)成分の含有量を20〜30wt%になるように塗布調整し作製する。
Preparation of Tuprepreg Using a known tuprepreg manufacturing apparatus, the component (A) obtained by blending the above-mentioned raw materials was added to the carbon fiber bundle (B) so that the content of the component (A) was 20 to 30 wt%. It is prepared by adjusting the application.
高圧水素タンクの作成
最初に口金を取り付けたライナーを用意する。次に上記作製したトゥプリプレグをフィラメントワインディング法にて、ライナーにフープ巻、低角度、高角度のヘリカル巻きを用いて巻回する。
その後、トゥプリプレグを加熱炉にて硬化させる。加熱炉内にて加熱しエポキシ樹脂を熱硬化させ、ライナー外表面に補強層としての繊維強化プラスチック層を形成する。
Preparation of high-pressure hydrogen tank First, prepare a liner with a base. Next, the prepared tuprepreg is wound around the liner using a hoop winding and a low-angle, high-angle helical winding by a filament winding method.
Thereafter, the tuprepreg is cured in a heating furnace. The resin is heated in a heating furnace to thermally cure the epoxy resin, thereby forming a fiber-reinforced plastic layer as a reinforcing layer on the outer surface of the liner.
高圧水素タンクの構成
作製したタンクの構成を図1に示す。高圧タンク(10)は、最内層の樹脂製ライナー(12)、口金(14,16)、繊維強化プラスチック層(40) からなる。口金は、ライナーの長手方向の両端に設けられている。ライナーは、ナイロン系樹脂など水素ガスに対してバリア性の樹脂を成形して構成されている。強化プラスチック層(40)は、ライナーと口金の外表面に形成されている。繊維強化プラスチック層は、フィラメントワインディング法によって、トウプリプレグをライナーと口金に巻回されて形成されている。
Configuration of high-pressure hydrogen tank FIG. 1 shows the configuration of the produced tank. The high-pressure tank (10) comprises an innermost resin liner (12), bases (14, 16), and a fiber-reinforced plastic layer (40). The bases are provided at both ends in the longitudinal direction of the liner. The liner is formed by molding a resin having a barrier property against hydrogen gas such as a nylon resin. The reinforced plastic layer (40) is formed on the outer surface of the liner and the base. The fiber reinforced plastic layer is formed by winding a tow prepreg around a liner and a base by a filament winding method.
測定方法を以下に示す。
(1)硬化剤、硬化促進剤凝集物の有無:
JIS K 5600−2に準拠し、グラインドゲージ(粒度ゲージ)を用いて、25μm以上の固体の硬化剤、硬化促進剤の凝集物の存在の有無を評価した。
(2)トゥプリプレグの貯蔵安定性:
23℃、50%RHに調整された恒温恒湿槽に48時間保管したトゥプリプレグを用い、手触りにてタック性の有無を評価し、タックがあるものを○、無いものを×とした。
(3)高圧水素タンクの試験:
容器保安規則、国際圧縮水素自動車燃料装置用容器の技術基準の解釈に準じ、下記試験を行った。
初期破裂試験:判定基準 157.5MPa以上を合格(○)とし、未満を不合格(×)とした。
常温圧力サイクル試験2Ma⇔87.5MPa
判定基準:22000回以上 破裂無きことを合格(○)とし、未満を不合格(×)とした。
The measuring method is described below.
(1) Presence or absence of curing agent and curing accelerator aggregate:
Based on JIS K 5600-2, the presence or absence of aggregates of a solid curing agent and a curing accelerator of 25 μm or more was evaluated using a grind gauge (particle size gauge).
(2) Storage stability of tuprepreg:
Using a tuprepreg stored in a thermo-hygrostat controlled at 23 ° C. and 50% RH for 48 hours, the presence or absence of tackiness was evaluated by touch.
(3) High pressure hydrogen tank test:
The following tests were conducted in accordance with the Container Safety Regulations and the interpretation of the technical standards for containers for fuel cells of compressed hydrogen vehicles.
Initial burst test: judgment criteria 157.5 MPa or more was judged as pass (○), and less than 157.5 MPa was judged as unacceptable (x).
Room temperature pressure cycle test 2Ma@87.5MPa
Judgment criteria: 22,000 times or more No rupture was judged as pass (○), and less than rupture was judged as unacceptable (x).
配合例1
YDF−170の一部(3割)、DICYANEX、2MZA−PW、2MAOK−PWをディスパー(高速分散機)を用いて混合後に、3本ロールミルを用いて予備分散物(マスターバッチ)を作成した後、各成分が表1記載の材料、配合比となるよう残分(7割)のYDF−170、MX−154を投入し、50Lのプラネタリーミキサー(遊星式混練機)に投入し、上限温度が50℃を超えないように外部から水冷を行いながら、1時間混練し熱硬化性樹脂組成物(A−a)を得た。
Formulation Example 1
After mixing a part (30%) of YDF-170, DICYANEX, 2MZA-PW, and 2MAOK-PW using a disperser (high-speed disperser), a preliminary dispersion (master batch) is prepared using a three-roll mill. Then, the remaining components (70%) of YDF-170 and MX-154 are charged so that each component has the material and the mixing ratio shown in Table 1, and then charged into a 50 L planetary mixer (planetary kneader). The mixture was kneaded for 1 hour while externally cooling with water so that the temperature did not exceed 50 ° C., to obtain a thermosetting resin composition (A-a).
配合例2
YDF−170、エタキュア100、MX−154成分を表1記載の材料、配合比となるよう、50Lのプラネタリーミキサーに投入し、上限温度が50℃を超えないように外部から水冷を行いながら、1時間混練し熱硬化性樹脂組成物(A−b)を得た。
Formulation Example 2
The YDF-170, Ethacure 100, and MX-154 components were charged into a 50 L planetary mixer so that the ingredients and mixing ratios shown in Table 1 were obtained, and water cooling was performed externally so that the upper limit temperature did not exceed 50 ° C. The mixture was kneaded for 1 hour to obtain a thermosetting resin composition (Ab).
実施例1
配合例1で得られた熱硬化性樹脂組成物(A−a)を炭素繊維束T720SC−36000−50Cに塗布、含浸させ、トゥプリプレグを得た後、フィラメントワインディング法により口金を取り付けたナイロン製ライナーに巻き付け、加熱炉に投入し、120℃60分+160℃60分硬化を行い、CFRP補強層を有する高圧水素タンクを得た。DICYANEXの中位粒径D50は2.5μm、2MZA−PWのD50は4.2μm、2MAOK−PWのD50は3.0μmであった。また得られたトゥプリプレグ中の熱硬化性樹脂組成物(A−a)含有量は25重量%であった。
Example 1
The thermosetting resin composition (A-a) obtained in Formulation Example 1 was coated and impregnated on a carbon fiber bundle T720SC-36000-50C to obtain a tuprepreg, and then a nylon made with a die attached by a filament winding method. It was wound around a liner, put into a heating furnace, and cured at 120 ° C. for 60 minutes + 160 ° C. for 60 minutes to obtain a high-pressure hydrogen tank having a CFRP reinforcing layer. The median particle size D50 of DICYANEX was 2.5 μm, the D50 of 2MZA-PW was 4.2 μm, and the D50 of 2MAOK-PW was 3.0 μm. The content of the thermosetting resin composition (Aa) in the obtained tuprepreg was 25% by weight.
実施例2
配合例1において、DICYANEX、2MZA−PW、2MAOK−PWの3種の成分を事前に混合した後、微粉砕した(D50が1.2μm)ものを用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様の方法で、トゥプリプレグ、高圧水素タンクを得た。
Example 2
A method similar to that of Example 1 except that the three components of DICYANEX, 2MZA-PW, and 2MAOK-PW were mixed in advance and then pulverized (D50: 1.2 μm) in Formulation Example 1. Thus, a tuprepreg and a high-pressure hydrogen tank were obtained.
比較例1
予備分散を行うことなく、表1の配合例1と同様の配合比にてプラネタリーミキサーのみで混練し、熱硬化性樹脂組成物(A)を得たこと以外は実施例1と同様の方法で、トゥプリプレグ、高圧水素タンクを得た。
Comparative Example 1
The same method as in Example 1 except that the thermosetting resin composition (A) was obtained by kneading with only the planetary mixer at the same mixing ratio as in Formulation Example 1 of Table 1 without performing the preliminary dispersion. Thus, a tuprepreg and a high-pressure hydrogen tank were obtained.
比較例2
熱硬化性樹脂組成物として、配合例2に記載の熱硬化性樹脂組成物(A−b)を用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様の方法で、トゥプリプレグ、高圧水素タンクを得た。
Comparative Example 2
A tuprepreg and a high-pressure hydrogen tank were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the thermosetting resin composition (Ab) described in Formulation Example 2 was used as the thermosetting resin composition.
比較例3
硬化温度を130℃2時間としたこと以外は、実施例1と同様の方法にて熱硬化性樹脂組成物(A)、トゥプリプレグ、高圧水素タンクを得た。
Comparative Example 3
A thermosetting resin composition (A), tuprepreg, and a high-pressure hydrogen tank were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the curing temperature was changed to 130 ° C. for 2 hours.
比較例4
トゥプリプレグを製造する際に(A)成分の塗布、含浸量を調整し、(A)成分含有量を18重量%としたこと以外は、実施例1と同様の方法にて高圧水素タンクを得た。
Comparative Example 4
A high-pressure hydrogen tank was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of the component (A) applied and impregnated was adjusted when producing tuprepreg, and the content of the component (A) was adjusted to 18% by weight. Was.
比較例5
トゥプリプレグを製造する際に(A)成分の塗布、含浸量を調整し、(A)成分含有量を40重量%としたこと以外は、実施例1と同様の方法にて高圧水素タンクを得た。
Comparative Example 5
A high-pressure hydrogen tank was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of component (A) applied and impregnated was adjusted when producing tuprepreg, and the content of component (A) was adjusted to 40% by weight. Was.
実施例、比較例の各成分の配合比率を表1に示す。
実施例、比較例の評価結果を表2に示す。
参考例
原材料として用いる(A−1)成分のエポキシ樹脂は(A−4)成分に含有されるものも含まれるため、(A−4)成分として用いたMX−154に含まれている液状ビスフェノールA型エポキシ樹脂と同等の分子量、分子量分布を有するYD−128を用いて実施例、比較例の(A−1)成分の粘度を測定した。測定には、E型粘度計(コーンプレートタイプ)を使用し、25℃における粘度を測定した。結果を表3に示す。
Claims (2)
前記補強層は、前記中空容器の外表面に、樹脂組成物(A)と炭素繊維束(B)の重量比(A):(B)が20〜30:80〜70であるテープ状のプリプレグが巻き付けられて形成されたプリプレグ層を、140℃以上の温度で硬化させて形成した層であり、
前記熱硬化性樹脂組成物(A)は、下記成分(A−1)、(A−2)、(A−3)及び(A−4)の4成分を必須成分として含み、前記4成分の合計を100重量部としたとき、それぞれの配合比(重量比)が(A−1)/(A−2)/(A−3)/(A−4)として、80.0〜85.0/4.5〜5.5/2.5〜3.5/9.0〜11.0であること、かつ固体成分である(A−2)及び(A−3)が熱硬化性組成物中に分散され、25μm以上の凝集物又は固形分を含まないこと、
(A−1)液状ビスフェノールA型エポキシ樹脂20〜15重量部に対し、液状ビスフェノールF型エポキシ樹脂80〜85重量部から構成され、25℃における粘度が4000〜8000mPa・sである液状エポキシ樹脂
(A−2)ジシアンジアミド
(A−3)下記式(1)および/または(2)で表される硬化促進剤、
(A−4)粒子状のコアシェル型ゴム、及び、
前記炭素繊維束(B)は、1万〜5万本の平均直径が5〜8μmである炭素繊維から構成されることを特徴とする高圧水素タンク。 A high-pressure hydrogen tank for mounting on a fuel cell vehicle, comprising a reinforcing layer on the outer surface of a sealable plastic hollow container,
The reinforcing layer is a tape-shaped prepreg having a weight ratio (A) :( B) of the resin composition (A) to the carbon fiber bundle (B) of 20 to 30: 80 to 70 on the outer surface of the hollow container. Is a layer formed by curing a prepreg layer formed by winding at a temperature of 140 ° C. or higher,
The thermosetting resin composition (A) contains the following components (A-1), (A-2), (A-3) and (A-4) as essential components. When the total is 100 parts by weight, the respective mixing ratios (weight ratios) are (A-1) / (A-2) / (A-3) / (A-4), and are 88.0 to 85.0. /4.5-5.5/2.5-3.5/9.0-11.0, and the solid components (A-2) and (A-3) are thermosetting compositions. Being dispersed therein and containing no aggregates or solids of 25 μm or more,
(A-1) A liquid bisphenol F type epoxy resin is composed of 80 to 85 parts by weight with respect to a liquid bisphenol A type epoxy resin of 20 to 15 parts by weight, and has a viscosity at 25 ° C of 4000 to 8000 mPa · s. A-2) Dicyandiamide (A-3) a curing accelerator represented by the following formula (1) and / or (2);
(A-4) Particulate core-shell type rubber, and
The high-pressure hydrogen tank, wherein the carbon fiber bundle (B) is composed of 10,000 to 50,000 carbon fibers having an average diameter of 5 to 8 μm.
(A)下記(A−1)、(A−2)、(A−3)、(A−4)の4種の必須成分からなり、(A−1)/(A−2)/(A−3)/(A−4)の配合比が80.0〜85.0/4.5〜5.5/2.5〜3.5/9.0〜11.0(重量%、4成分の配合比合計が100重量%)であり、かつ固体成分である(A−2)、(A−3)を組成物中に分散する工程を含み、25μm以上の凝集物を含まないように固形分が分散された熱硬化性樹脂組成物、
(A−1)液状ビスフェノールA型エポキシ樹脂および液状ビスフェノールF型エポキシ樹脂から構成され、その混合比がビスフェノールA型エポキシ樹脂20〜15重量部、ビスフェノールF型エポキシ樹脂が80〜85重量部であり、25℃における粘度が4000〜8000mPa・sであるエポキシ樹脂
(A−2)ジシアンジアミド
(A−3)化合物(1)および/または(2)
(A4)粒子状のコアシェル型ゴム、
(B)炭素繊維の平均直径が5〜8μmであり、1万〜5万本の前記炭素繊維から構成される炭素繊維束。
A method for manufacturing a high-pressure hydrogen tank for mounting on a fuel cell vehicle, comprising a reinforcing layer provided on an outer surface of a hermetically sealable plastic hollow container, wherein a thermosetting resin composition before curing is provided on an outer surface of the hollow container. A) is wound around a carbon fiber bundle (B) with a tape-shaped prepreg impregnated at a ratio of (A) 20 to 30% by weight and (B) 80 to 70% by weight, and then cured at a temperature of 140 ° C. or more. A high-pressure hydrogen for mounting on a fuel cell vehicle, wherein the thermosetting resin composition (A) and the carbon fiber bundle (B) constituting the reinforcing layer satisfy the following requirements: Tank manufacturing method.
(A) Consisting of the following four essential components (A-1), (A-2), (A-3) and (A-4), and (A-1) / (A-2) / (A -3) / (A-4) is 80.0-85.0 / 4.5-5.5 / 2.5-3.5 / 9.0-11.0 (weight%, 4 components) Is included in the composition, and the solid components (A-2) and (A-3) are dispersed in the composition. Thermosetting resin composition in which the components are dispersed,
(A-1) Liquid bisphenol A type epoxy resin and liquid bisphenol F type epoxy resin, the mixing ratio of which is 20 to 15 parts by weight of bisphenol A type epoxy resin and 80 to 85 parts by weight of bisphenol F type epoxy resin. Epoxy resin having a viscosity at 25 ° C. of 4000 to 8000 mPa · s (A-2) dicyandiamide (A-3) compound (1) and / or (2)
(A4) a particulate core-shell rubber;
(B) A carbon fiber bundle having an average diameter of carbon fibers of 5 to 8 μm and composed of 10,000 to 50,000 carbon fibers.
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